Academic literature on the topic 'Doppler redshift'
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Journal articles on the topic "Doppler redshift"
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Sandhu, Gurcharn S. "Distinct Doppler Effects for Spontaneously Emitted Photons and Continuously Emitted Waves." Applied Physics Research 9, no. 4 (July 26, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v9n4p44.
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In this paper, we distinguish between the Doppler effects for spontaneously emitted photons and continuously emitted waves. Under certain plausible assumptions, electron orbits can be modeled for simple atomic systems and such studies show that all permissible electron trajectories correspond to elliptical orbits. From the conservation of energy, momentum and angular momentum, in conjunction with the geometrical model of electron orbits, we derive the Doppler effect for spontaneously emitted photons that is quite different from the one used for continuously generated waves. All astronomical redshifts are currently interpreted by assuming the incoming radiation to be continuously emitted waves. Therefore, widely-observed redshift in radiation from most astronomical sources is interpreted to imply the expanding universe, along with cosmological expansion of space. However, for the spontaneously emitted photons, we show that the photons emitted in forward direction parallel to the emitter velocity get redshifted. That means, the astronomical redshift implies that the emission sources are moving towards the observer and our universe is not expanding. All high redshift astronomical objects are likely to be physically disrupted through dynamic instabilities or explosions and their high redshifts are associated with relativistic shock waves propagating towards the observer. Hence the proposed Doppler effect for the spontaneously emitted photons dismisses the cosmological expansion of space and supports a steady state universe.
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Zakir, Zahid. "Slowing time cosmology with initial violetshift and three types of redshift." QUANTUM AND GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS 2 (August 16, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9751/qgph.2-012.7533.
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In general relativity, the stretching of the wavelengths of photons in the expanding universe occurs along the path and does not depend on the velocity of the source. Therefore, the photons from the sources at rest relative to us did not have, and from the sources comoving the expansion there was an initial Doppler redshift, and then on the way both photon fluxes acquired a stretching redshift. As the result, the redshift of the comoving the expansion sources should be at least doubled. But observations show a single redshift already in the linear part, and therefore in cosmological models only with redshifts (Friedmann's and others) there was the double redshift problem with one hundred percent discrepancy between theory and observations. The observational fact of single redshifts means that the photons should have an initial violetshift, which was compensated for along the way by one of two types of redshift. In the model of slowing time cosmology (STC) proposed in 2020, the rate of proper times was higher in earlier epochs, which led to the violetshift, compensated along the way by the stretching redshift. As a result, in STC the observed shift is reduced to the initial Doppler redshift, to which the gravitational redshift is added for distant objects. The relativistic aberration then leads to dimming of the apparent luminosities. The basic relations of STC are presented, including the “distance modulus – redshift”, which are consistent with observations at new values of cosmological parameters. Evolution in early epochs and its influence on the properties of CMB are also discussed. In STC the light velocity was higher in the past and for this reason it has no previously known cosmological problems.
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Zakir, Zahid. "Slowing time cosmology with initial violetshift and three types of redshift." QUANTUM AND GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS 2 (August 16, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9751/qgph.2-012.7133.
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In general relativity, the stretching of the wavelengths of photons in the expanding universe occurs along the path and does not depend on the velocity of the source. Therefore, the photons from the sources at rest relative to us did not have, and from the sources comoving the expansion there was an initial Doppler redshift, and then on the way both photon fluxes acquired a stretching redshift. As the result, the redshift of the comoving the expansion sources should be at least doubled. But observations show a single redshift already in the linear part, and therefore in cosmological models only with redshifts (Friedmann's and others) there was the double redshift problem with one hundred percent discrepancy between theory and observations. The observational fact of single redshifts means that the photons should have an initial violetshift, which was compensated for along the way by one of two types of redshift. In the model of slowing time cosmology (STC) proposed in 2020, the rate of proper times was higher in earlier epochs, which led to the violetshift, compensated along the way by the stretching redshift. As a result, in STC the observed shift is reduced to the initial Doppler redshift, to which the gravitational redshift is added for distant objects. The relativistic aberration then leads to dimming of the apparent luminosities. The basic relations of STC are presented, including the “distance modulus – redshift”, which are consistent with observations at new values of cosmological parameters. Evolution in early epochs and its influence on the properties of CMB are also discussed. In STC the light velocity was higher in the past and for this reason it has no previously known cosmological problems.
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Ning, Shou-Li, and LiXin Xu. "The effect of redshift degeneracy and the damping effect of viscous medium on the information extracted from gravitational wave signals." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 3999–4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3592.
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ABSTRACT Considering the cosmological redshift zc, the mass of GW source extracted from GW signal is 1 + zc times larger than its intrinsic value, and distance between detector and GW source should be regarded as luminosity distance. However, besides cosmological redshift, there are other kinds of redshifts should be considered, which is actually ignored, in the analysis of GW data, such as Doppler redshift and gravitational redshift, so the parameters extracted from GW may deviate from their intrinsic values. Another factor that may affect GW is the viscous medium in propagation path of GW, which may damp the GW with a damping rate of 16πGη. Some studies indicate dark matter may interact with each other, thus dark matter may be the origin of viscosity of cosmic medium. Then the GW may be rapidly damped by the viscous medium that is made of dark matter, such as dark matter ‘mini-spike’ around intermediate-mass black hole. In this article, we mainly discuss how Doppler and gravitational redshift, together with the damping effect of viscous medium, affect the informations, such as the mass and redshift of GW source, extracted from GW signals.
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Marmet, Paul. "A New Non-Doppler Redshift." Physics Essays 1, no. 1 (March 1, 1988): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3033412.
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Kiang, T. "Doppler and cosmological interpretations of redshift." Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 25, no. 2 (April 2001): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0275-1062(01)00054-6.
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Abdelali, Mohamed Lamine, and Noureddine Mebarki. "Redshift effect implications on revised models of Stephan’s Quintet." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 01 (September 17, 2019): 1950342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319503425.
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Recent observations of Stephan’s Quintet (SQ) gave new indications on its formation scenario. Older formation and role of NCG 7317 should be considered in revised numerical models of the compact group. Velocities of group members to recreate are estimated from redshift measurements. Several effects contribute to observed redshifts and a new effect is predicted to be the result of the gravitational interaction between photons and constant magnetic fields creating gravitational waves. The energy carried by these waves is manifested as redshifts of the photons. Cosmological simulation data are used to prove the significant contribution of our effect. The analysis of synthetic observations created from those simulations has shown that redshifts of SQ members could be misinterpreted as caused only from Doppler Effect. The revised models of the group should consider a new method to recreate the formation scenario based on redshift patterns and not mis-estimated velocities.
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Hossen, Md Rasel, Sonia Akter Ema, Krzysztof Bolejko, and Geraint F. Lewis. "Mapping the cosmic mass distribution with stacked weak gravitational lensing and Doppler lensing." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509, no. 4 (November 12, 2021): 5142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3292.
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ABSTRACT Dark matter haloes represent the highest density peaks in the matter distribution. Conversely, cosmic voids are underdense patches of the universe. Probing the mass distribution of the universe requires various approaches, including weak gravitational lensing that subtly modifies the shape of distant sources, and Doppler lensing that changes the apparent size and magnitude of objects due to peculiar velocities. In this work, we adopt both gravitational and Doppler lensing effects to study the underlying matter distribution in and around cosmic voids or haloes. We use the relativistic N-body code gevolution, to generate the mass perturbations and develop a new ray-tracing code that relies on the design of the ray bundle method. We consider three categories of halo masses and void radii, and extract the cosmological information by stacking weak-lensing and Doppler lensing signals around voids or haloes. The results of this paper show that the most optimal strategy that combines both gravitational and Doppler lensing effects to map the mass distribution should focus on the redshift range z ≈ 0.3−0.4. The recommendation of this paper is that future spectroscopic surveys should focus on these redshifts and utilize the gravitational and Doppler lensing techniques to extract information about underlying matter distribution across the cosmic web, especially inside cosmic voids. This could provide a complimentary cosmological analysis for ongoing or future low-redshift spectroscopic surveys.
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Gentry, Robert V. "A New Redshift Interpretation." Modern Physics Letters A 12, no. 37 (December 7, 1997): 2919–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397003034.
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A nonhomogeneous universe with vacuum energy, but without space–time expansion, is utilized together with gravitational and Doppler redshifts as the basis for proposing a new interpretation of the Hubble relation and the 2.7 K Cosmic Blackbody Radiation.
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Tifft, W. G., and W. J. Cocke. "Properties of the Redshift." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 124 (1990): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100005546.
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Central to any analysis of dynamical systems, or large scale motion, is the interpretation of redshifts of galaxies as classical Doppler velocity shifts. This is a testable assumption and for many years evidence has accumulated that is inconsistent with the assumption. Here we review recent evidence suggesting systematic radial dependence and temporal variation of redshifts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Doppler redshift"
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Cuoghi, Lorenzo. "Effetto Doppler e applicazioni astrofisiche." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12830/.
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Nel corso del secolo XIX il fisico James Clerk Maxwell riassunse le leggi sull'elettromagnetismo nelle note equazioni che portano il suo nome, dalle quali è stato possibile estrapolare la natura ondulatoria della luce. Questa importantissima caratteristica, per la quale la luce è definita come onda elettromagnetica, implica una grande vastità di fenomeni di origine ondulatoria, tra i quali l'Effetto Doppler, il quale ha importantissime applicazioni nell'ambito astrofisico e cosmologico.
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Girolamodibari, Andrea. "Effetto Doppler e applicazioni astrofisiche." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21208/.
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Una breve trattazione riguardante l'effetto Doppler. Prima verranno affrontati gli aspetti matematici e fisici del fenomeno, nella casistica delle onde sonore, poi tenendo in considerazione gli effetti relativistici, mediante l'utilizzo di formule e grafici. In seguito si proverà ad analizzare i svariati ambiti di applicazione dell'effetto, e mediante il suo utilizzo, si è arrivati e si arrivi a risultati concreti nel mondo della ricerca astrofisica e cosmologica.
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Barba, Alessandra. "Effetto Doppler in astrofisica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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Questo elaborato espone le caratteristiche principali dell'effetto Doppler e l'applicazione del suddetto in vari ambiti del settore astrofisico.
La derivazione della formule è divisa nel caso classico in cui si studia il fenomeno rispetto alle onde acustiche, e il nel caso relativistico nel quale si studia l'effetto sulle onde elettromagnetiche.
Le applicazioni astrofisiche prese in considerazione sono le seguenti: Redshift e Legge di Hubble nell'ambito cosmologico; allargamento Doppler delle linee spettrali nell'ambito della spettroscopia astronomica; stelle binarie spettroscopiche e MASER nell'ambito del calcolo di grandezze fisiche attraverso la determinazione della velocità radiale tramite lo shift delle righe spettrali.
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Politi, Marialudovica. "Effetto Doppler e applicazioni astrofisiche." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16160/.
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In questo elaborato si analizza l'Effetto Doppler e le sue applicazioni in astronomia. Nella prima parte viene analizzato il fenomeno tramite qualche passaggio prettamente matematico e fisico per arrivare ad una corretta formulazione generale del fenomeno.
Nella seconda parte vi è l'applicazione vera e propria dell'effetto Doppler in ambito astrofisico.
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Lauretta, Francesco. "Effetto doppler ed applicazioni astrofisiche." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14767/.
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L’effetto doppler fu scoperto dall'austriaco Christian Johann Doppler che nel 1842 fece una pubblicazione, affermando che un oggetto luminoso deve cambiare colore se posto in moto rispetto ad un osservatore. Infatti notò, sfruttando un vagone con alcuni musicisti sopra, come il suono variasse in base al moto relativo tra vagone ed osservatore. Un'analisi più dettagliata mostrò che un ascoltatore in moto verso una sorgente sonora ferma rispetto al mezzo di trasmissione, riceve un suono di frequenza maggiore rispetto a quello che ascolterebbe se anche lui fosse a riposo. Viceversa la frequenza è minore se l'ascoltatore si allontana dalla sorgente. Fenomeni analoghi si manifestano se la sorgente
si muove rispetto al mezzo di trasmissione mentre l’ascoltatore resta fermo. Oggi sappiamo che questo fenomeno è verificato per qualsiasi tipo di onda meccanica.
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Maranzano, Matteo. "Effetto Doppler e applicazioni astrofisiche." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17068/.
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Viene trattato l'effetto Doppler nell'ambito classico, analizzando in che modo variano le caratteristiche di un'onda quando la sua sorgente e l'osservatore che la rileva si muovono uno rispetto all'altro.
Una breve appendice tratterà,poi, dello stesso effetto nel regime relativistico.
In seguito, si analizza come l'effetto Doppler venga utilizzato per determinare la massa delle stelle componenti un sistema binario spettroscopico, e come lo si utilizzi come scala di distanza cosmica sfruttando il così detto Redshift Cosmologico.
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Casavecchia, Benedetta. "Effetto Doppler e applicazioni astrofisiche." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18767/.
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L’Effetto Doppler è il fenomeno fisico che descrive la variazione della frequenza osservata di un’onda quando la sorgente emittente e l’osservatore sono in moto relativo fra di loro. Esso può essere trattato in maniera classica, se l'onda ha una velocità di propagazione inferiore a quella della luce, o in maniera relativistica. In ambito astrofisico l'Effetto Doppler viene applicato alla radiazione elettromagnetica, unico segnale che ci giunge dai corpi celesti. Esso viene studiato tramite lo spostamento delle righe spettrali verso il rosso (redshift) o il blu (blueshift). Un'importante conseguenza di questo fenomeno è l'allargamento delle righe a causa dell'agitazione termica delle particelle in una nube di gas o dei moti di rotazione dei corpi. Inoltre, grazie alla misura delle velocità radiali con il metodo Doppler si possono ricercare esopianeti, sistemi di stelle binarie/multiple e si possono stimare le masse degli oggetti in esame. Infine, si parlerà di come il fenomeno è stato utile per il calcolo del tasso di espansione dell’Universo e di come il reshift cosmologico venga impiegato nella misura del look back time.
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Piccinelli, Gianmarco. "SS 433: una stella con getti relativistici." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14072/.
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In origine scoperto per le forti emissioni Hα, SS 433 è un oggetto stellare caratterizzato da due getti relativistici opposti eiettanti plasma alla velocità di 0.26 c. Questi getti descrivono un cono nel loro moto di precessione della durata di 164 giorni, tale variazione di direzione produce così nelle lunghezze d’onda da noi osservate dei significativi redshift e blueshift. Inoltre è costantemente presente l’effetto del Doppler trasversale che si mostra come un sistematico redshift del 4%, il che tradotto nelle grafico delle modulazioni in velocità provoca un valore medio di 12000 km/s delle velocità osservate.
Solamente in seguito è stato identificato come sistema binario dotato di componente compatta, attorno alla quale vi è un disco di accrescimento alimentato dalla stella compagna.
L’oggetto pare riprodurre, su dimensioni stellari, i fenomeni che caratterizzano i quasar.
Books on the topic "Doppler redshift"
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Stochastic Functions of Blueshift vs. Redshift: Comprehensive Study of Mysteries in Science. Cres Huang, 2015.
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Age of The Universe Paradox-Comprehensive Study Of Mysteries In Science. Cres Huang, 2015.
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From Redshift to Cosmic Background Radiation-Comprehensive Study Of Mysteries In Science. Taiwan: Cres Huang, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Doppler redshift"
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Y.P. Chen, Peter. "Wave Propagation Theory Denies the Big Bang." In Astronomy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103848.
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Problems related to Big Bang because of the Doppler interpretation of cosmological redshift have not been resolved up to recent years. The “tired light” theory proposes an energy loss model that has its own limitations. Chen in 2020 and 2021 proposed to treat light propagation through the space just as a field problem involving electromagnetic waves and governed by the well-known nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. The space is not a vacuum and is sparsely populated with matters. Electromagnetic waves traveling through the space will undergo changes as predicted by the NLS equation involving a linear dispersion and a nonlinear self-phase focusing terms. Using the cosmological principle, the coefficients associated with these terms could be constants but extremely small in value. Special numerical methods have been developed and could be used to find both bright and dark soliton-like solutions for the NLS equation that are stable and could travel through the extremely long distance involved. These solutions clearly show the redshift is linearly proportional to distance traveled for both bright and dark solitons. The conclusion is that redshift (and blue shift) is an innate nature of light traveling through the space.
Conference papers on the topic "Doppler redshift"
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Marshall, Oriel, Rita Tojeiro, and Anne-Marie Weijmans. "Demonstrating cosmological and Doppler redshift in the classroom." In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.098.
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Cosmology is often a difficult subject to teach as it can involve many confusing and sometimes abstract concepts. One particular topic with many existing misconceptions and difficulties surrounding it is redshift, specifically the difference between Doppler shift (due to the peculiar velocities of galaxies) and cosmological redshift (due to the expansion of the side). Redshift of galaxies, despite being an extremely useful and interesting scientific tool, can often become a tedious subject to teach as it is largely theoretical and usually does not include demonstrations or interaction in the classroom. It can be challenging to understand, and therefore also challenging to explain, the differences between Doppler and cosmological redshift, often leading to this distinction being overlooked entirely. The set of demonstrations developed during this astrophysics masters project, along with the accompanying presentation, worksheet, and teacher notes, aim to explain both Doppler and cosmological redshift clearly and in an engaging and memorable way. The demonstrations use remote control vehicles to represent peaks of a travelling wave of light. When demonstrating Doppler shift, the vehicles are released from a plastic board that is being pulled away, representing a receding source of light. When demonstrating cosmological redshift, the vehicles are driven along a wide stretchy exercise band, representing a section of the expanding Universe through which this wave of light is travelling. This teaching resource will introduce interactive learning, proven to be very effective when teaching astronomy, and provides a useful and fun physical analogy to demonstrate an often-misunderstood subject.
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Skeivalas, Jonas, and Eimuntas Parseliunas. "The Speeds and Accelerations of the Galaxies Movements According to Redshift Measurements." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.241.
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The theoretical presumptions and some experimental calculations to analyse the speeds of the galaxies movements according to redshift measurements applying the Doppler effect are presented. The speed of the galaxy movement is treated as multidimensional continuous value, when values of the speed vector are calculated according to measurements of the redshift parameter z at corresponding moments of the universe lookback time. The most reliable values of the galaxy speeds vector are calculated applying the least square method to the vector of z measurements and including the additional parameters to eliminate the possible systematic errors. The acceleration of the galaxy movement is calculated as a speed fluxion according to period of the adopted redshift signal frequency and as a speed change during the lookback time interval. The expressions of functions of the galaxies speeds and accelerations are received by the polynomial approximation, when values of the polynomial parameters are calculated by the least square method.
Reports on the topic "Doppler redshift"
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Zilberman, Mark. “Doppler de-boosting” and the observation of “Standard candles” in cosmology. Intellectual Archive, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2549.
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“Doppler boosting” is a well-known relativistic effect that alters the apparent luminosity of approaching radiation sources. “Doppler de-boosting” is the name of relativistic effect observed for receding light sources (e.g. relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts). “Doppler boosting” changes the apparent luminosity of approaching light sources to appear brighter, while “Doppler de-boosting” causes the apparent luminosity of receding light sources to appear fainter. While “Doppler de-boosting” has been successfully accounted for and observed in relativistic jets of AGN, it was ignored in the establishment of Standard candles for cosmological distances. A Standard candle adjustment of an Z>0.1 is necessary for “Doppler de-boosting”, otherwise we would incorrectly assume that Standard Candles appear dimmer not because of “Doppler de-boosting” but because of the excessive distance, which would affect the entire Standard Candles ladder at cosmological distances. The ratio between apparent (L) and intrinsic (Lo) luminosities as a function of the redshift Z and spectral index α is given by the formula ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)α -3 and for Type Ia supernova appears as ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)-2. “Doppler de-boosting” may also explain the anomalously low luminosity of objects with a high Z without the introduction of an accelerated expansion of the Universe and Dark Energy.
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Zilberman, Mark. "Doppler De-boosting" and the Observation of "Standard Candles" in Cosmology. Intellectual Archive, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2552.
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“Doppler boosting” is a well-known relativistic effect that alters the apparent luminosity of approaching radiation sources. “Doppler de-boosting” is the same relativistic effect observed but for receding light sources (e.g. relativistic jets of AGN and GRB). “Doppler boosting” alters the apparent luminosity of approaching light sources to appear brighter, while “Doppler de-boosting” alters the apparent luminosity of receding light sources to appear fainter. While “Doppler de-boosting” has been successfully accounted for and observed in relativistic jets of AGN, it was ignored in the establishment of Standard candles for cosmological distances. A Standard Candle adjustment of Z>0.1 is necessary for “Doppler de-boosting”, otherwise we would incorrectly assume that Standard Candles appear dimmer, not because of “Doppler de-boosting” but because of the excessive distance, which would affect the entire Standard Candles ladder at cosmological distances. The ratio between apparent (L) and intrinsic (Lo) luminosities as a function of the redshift Z and spectral index α is given by the formula ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)α -3 and for Type Ia supernova appears as ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)-2. “Doppler de-boosting” may also explain the anomalously low luminosity of objects with a high Z without the introduction of an accelerated expansion of the Universe and Dark Energy.
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Zilberman, Mark. PREPRINT. “Doppler de-boosting” and the observation of “Standard candles” in cosmology. Intellectual Archive, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/ia_2021_06_23.
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PREPRINT. “Doppler boosting” is a well-known relativistic effect that alters the apparent luminosity of approaching radiation sources. “Doppler de-boosting” is the term of the same relativistic effect observed for receding light sources (e.g.relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts). “Doppler boosting” alters the apparent luminosity of approaching light sources to appear brighter, while “Doppler de-boosting” alters the apparent luminosity of receding light sources to appear fainter. While “Doppler de-boosting” has been successfully accounted for and observed in relativistic jets of AGN, it was ignored in the establishment of Standard candles for cosmological distances. A Standard candle adjustment of Z>0.1 is necessary for “Doppler de-boosting”, otherwise we would incorrectly assume that Standard Candles appear dimmer, not because of “Doppler de-boosting” but because of the excessive distance, which would affect the entire Standard Candles ladder at cosmological distances. The ratio between apparent (L) and intrinsic (Lo) luminosities as a function of the redshift Z and spectral index α is given by the formula ℳ(Z) =L/Lo=(Z+1)^(α-3) and for Type Ia supernova appears as ℳ(Z)=L/Lo=(Z+1)^(-2). “Doppler de-boosting” may also explain the anomalously low luminosity of objects with a high Z without the introduction of an accelerated expansion of the Universe and Dark Energy.
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Zilberman, Mark. Shouldn’t Doppler 'De-boosting' be accounted for in calculations of intrinsic luminosity of Standard Candles? Intellectual Archive, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2569.
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"Doppler boosting / de-boosting" is a well-known relativistic effect that alters the apparent luminosity of approaching/receding radiation sources. "Doppler boosting" alters the apparent luminosity of approaching light sources to appear brighter, while "Doppler de-boosting" alters the apparent luminosity of receding light sources to appear fainter. While "Doppler boosting / de-boosting" has been successfully accounted for and observed in relativistic jets of AGN, double white dwarfs, in search of exoplanets and stars in binary systems it was ignored in the establishment of Standard Candles for cosmological distances. A Standard Candle adjustment appears necessary for "Doppler de-boosting" for high Z, otherwise we would incorrectly assume that Standard Candles appear dimmer, not because of "Doppler de-boosting" but because of the excessive distance, which would affect the entire Standard Candles ladder at cosmological distances. The ratio between apparent (L) and intrinsic (Lo) luminosities as a function of redshift Z and spectral index α is given by the formula ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)^(α-3) and for Type Ia supernova as ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)^(-2). These formulas are obtained within the framework of Special Relativity and may require adjustments within the General Relativity framework.