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Journal articles on the topic 'Donor relations'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Lykkebo Petersen, Matilde. "Finding the “Appropriate Distance” in Egg Donor Kinship Relations." lambda nordica 24, no. 2-3 (February 18, 2020): 136–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34041/ln.v24.583.

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This article explores kinship formation from the perspective of egg donors in Denmark. Through interviews with Danish egg donors, it investigates how the Danish legal framework and specific context, materialise egg donor kinship relations in third party reproduction. The article shows the ways egg donors negotiate normative ideals about family and motherhood through different kinship strategies. It argues that the donors’ relational kinship work is a form of social pioneering work, wherein donors help define what an egg donor kinship relation is and can be. This is analysed through the analytical concept of “appropriate distance.” The analysis shows how different normative constraints are embedded in the legal framework that structure which kinship relations are available. As an example, the different donor types in Denmark, anonymous, open, and known, become a way of disconnecting or connecting to kinship. In line with existing studies, it demonstrates how egg donation in Denmark is structured around ideals of altruism linked to normative ideals of femininity and motherhood. Further, it is concluded that egg donation proposes subversive potential for deconstructing heteronormative kinship ideals about motherhood. At the same time, however, the analyses conclude that heteronormative family ideals often are re-installed through egg donation practices.

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2

Juarez, Miguel. "Donor Relations for Librarians." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 24, no. 1 (April 2005): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.24.1.27949349.

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3

Venzin, Megan. "Update Your Donor Relations Strategy." Major Gifts Report 22, no. 9 (August 4, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mgr.31545.

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4

Gul, Warda, and Kong FanBin. "A Study on NGO-Donor Relations in Basic Education Sector: Case of Pakistan." International Journal Of Innovation And Economic Development 1, no. 4 (2015): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.14.2003.

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NGOs gained the importance in the last decades all over the world and the same is true with the case of Pakistan. NGOs are participating in the education sector. This paper studies the involvement of NGOs in the basic education sector, being dependent on the foreign donor agencies. NGOs have to follow the agenda of donors that can create tension with the government. This paper applies qualitative research methodology to study the relationships between donors and NGOs. The findings of this study show that donors are mostly following market-based approach and neo-liberal agenda that results in inequalities for people. Therefore, to perform their duty rightly, NGOs should look for sustainable sources of finances.

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5

Harris, David, and Felix Marco Conteh. "Government–donor relations in Sierra Leone: who is in the driving seat?" Journal of Modern African Studies 58, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x19000569.

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AbstractSince the cessation of conflict in 2002, Sierra Leone has experienced extraordinary levels of involvement from Western donors. Paradoxically, while relationships are often portrayed on the ground as strong with significant donor influence, our research shows considerable fluidity in individual and institutional relationships. The article disaggregates donor–government relations at various levels over a short but crucial period, 2010–16, asking in each case who occupies the driving seat. In so doing, the article interrogates the concept of ‘extraversion’, investigating to what extent government – and indeed donors – has space in which to manoeuvre and how and why government and donors act as they do in this space. The period 2010–16 is of particular interest due to extreme iron ore price volatility and the Ebola epidemic of 2014–15. The article adds much-needed critique and empirical evidence to the debate on donor influence and ‘extraversion’.

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6

Desrosiers, Marie-Eve, and Haley J. Swedlund. "Rwanda’s post-genocide foreign aid relations: Revisiting notions of exceptionalism." African Affairs 118, no. 472 (August 15, 2018): 435–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ady032.

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Abstract This article studies donor–government relations in Rwanda since the end of the 1994 genocide. The notion that Rwanda enjoyed or enjoys exceptional relations with donors because of guilt regarding their inaction during the genocide is widespread in the literature and in policy circles. To assess this myth, the article first looks at aid trends for Rwanda and comparable countries, and then takes an in-depth look at aid relations with two average-size donors: Canada and the Netherlands. It demonstrates that Rwanda is not as exceptional as claimed, but instead should be considered one amongst a group of exceptional cooperation partners. The article further highlights that donors operated informally immediately following the genocide, but soon renormalized aid relations, and that there has always been a complex set of rationales determining donor behaviour regarding Rwanda.

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7

Hedrih, Andjelka, and Vladimir Hedrih. "Attitudes and motives of potential sperm donors in Serbia." Vojnosanitetski pregled 69, no. 1 (2012): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1201049h.

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Background/Aim. For curing infertility, sperm donors and their donations are important source of benefits for the society. Attitudes of sperm donors towards different recipient categories and relation with offspring become more important. The aim of our study was to explore sperm donation related attitudes and motives among potential sperm donors in Serbia. Methods. The study included 303 participants from Serbia, age from 20 to 40. Measures of personality traits were obtained by using the Big Five Inventory. For measuring attitudes and motivation regarding sperm donation the Attitudes and Motivation of Sperm Donors questionnaire was applied. Results. A total of 244 participants stated that they would be willing to be sperm donors. The results showed no statistically significant differences in personality traits between people who claimed that they would be willing to become sperm donors, and those claiming otherwise, but a number of differences in personality traits were found when various attitudes regarding sperm donation process, possible users of donated sperm and relations between the donor and his biological offspring were considered. Conclusion. There are no statistically significant differences in personality traits between people who claimed that they would and those that would not be willing to become sperm donors. It is possible that some other factors (e.g. cultural values) influence the decision to become sperm donor, but personality traits play an important role in making decisions regarding sperm donation process, possible receivers of donation and relations between the donor and his biological offspring.

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8

Hauser, Ellen. "Ugandan relations with Western donors in the 1990s: what impact on democratisation?" Journal of Modern African Studies 37, no. 4 (December 1999): 621–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x9900316x.

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Aid donors' support for democratisation in sub-Saharan Africa in the 1990s has been tempered by their desire to achieve other objectives. In Uganda, a high level of donor support for the Museveni government has been compatible with the Ugandan government's reluctance to introduce multiparty democracy. Donors have opted for ‘dialogue’ rather than coercive methods. This may be ascribed to a number of factors, including the destruction from which Uganda was recovering, the need to present Uganda as a success story for economic liberalisation, and donors' need to maintain good relations with Uganda in order to pursue their foreign policy goals. The resulting donor–recipient relationship has however created dangers for the maintenance of long-term sustainable democracy in Uganda, by condoning divisive policies, and neglecting the need for coalition-building and conflict resolution.

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9

Schroeder, Thomas. "The Four Pillars of Donor Relations." Major Gifts Report 17, no. 1 (December 15, 2014): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mgr.30012.

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10

Schroeder, Thomas. "Coordinate Donor Relations and Recognition Efforts." Major Gifts Report 20, no. 10 (September 11, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mgr.31063.

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11

Schroeder, Thomas. "Practical Ways to Improve Donor Relations." Major Gifts Report 21, no. 1 (December 7, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mgr.31129.

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12

Engel, Susan. "Germany’s Government-Civil Society Development Cooperation Strategy: the dangers of the middle of the road." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 9, no. 1 (March 21, 2017): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v9i1.4942.

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The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has been busy since the late 2000s studying the way aid donors manage their relations with development civil society organisations (CSOs). More than studying these relations, they have made some very detailed, managerialist suggestions about how CSOs should be organised and how donor governments should fund and otherwise relate to them. This came out of the debate about aid effectiveness, which was formally aimed at improving both donor and recipient processes. Donors have quietly dropped many of the aspects related to improving their own performance and yet a number have created new interventionist governance frameworks for CSOs. This is the case in Germany, which has a large, vibrant development CSO sector that has traditionally been quite autonomous, even where its received state funding thanks to Germany’s commitment to ‘subsidiarity.’ Yet Germany is otherwise a middle of the road donor and in many ways, these ‘reforms’ are moving its relations with civil society more towards a somewhat more managerialist approach, one that is in fact the norms amongst OECD donors.

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13

Wells, Tamas. "Narratives of Donor Accountability in Support to Peace Processes: The Case of the Joint Peace Fund in Myanmar." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 15, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1542316619868436.

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There is a growing scholarly focus on the accountability of Northern donors in their work in recipient countries. Yet scholarly work on donor accountability has given limited attention to the complex challenges of accountability when donors are engaged in supporting peace processes. Further, literature on donor accountability often focuses on examination of accountability mechanisms and relationships, whilst the way accountability is understood amongst practitioners has received less attention. Using the example of donor support to peace processes in Myanmar, this article examines the way that accountability is narrated within donor agencies and amongst international and local networks of peace activists and analysts. When attached to simplified stories, accountability takes a variety of meanings and serves to position donors in different ways. Examination of these narratives, and their divergence, reveals that policy negotiation about accountability mechanisms is influenced by political assumptions about the legitimacy of donor agency engagement in peace processes.

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14

Zaifoglu, Buket, Serife O. Hacioglu, Naime A. Unlu, Ali Cirpan, and Levent Toppare. "Structure–property relations in donor–acceptor–donor type benzimidazole containing conjugated polymers." Journal of Materials Science 49, no. 1 (September 4, 2013): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7696-8.

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15

Lindley, Daniel. "Considerations for Analyzing Donor Relations and Stewardship." Successful Fundraising 27, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sfr.31081.

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16

Buffardi, Anne L. "Configuring ‘country ownership’: patterns of donor-recipient relations." Development in Practice 23, no. 8 (November 2013): 977–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2013.841862.

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17

Dee, Jay R., and Alan B. Henkin. "Communication and donor relations: A social skills perspective." Nonprofit Management and Leadership 8, no. 2 (1997): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nml.4130080203.

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18

Machsunah, Uun, and Subhan Subhan. "Impementasi CSR Melalui Program Donor Darah Oleh PT Indomarco Prismatama Cabang Cirebon." JIKE : Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi Efek 1, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.32534/jike.v1i2.158.

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ABSTRACT Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa latar belakang dilaksanakannya program donor darah oleh PT Indomarco Prismatama karena perwujudan misi, kewajiban perusahaan kepada Undang-undang, sebagai tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (CSR) dan membantu masyarakat yang membutuhkan darah dan stok darah yang disalurkan ke PMI. Implementasi program donor darah mengimplemasikan kepedulian karyawan melalui teori Carl Weick pada kegiatan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Donor Darah oleh tim Public Relations(PR) dalam konteks hubungan komunitas ( Community Relations). Kata-kata kunci: implementasi CSR, donor darah, PMI, tim PR, community relations

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19

Matsuzawa, Setsuko. "A Donor Influenced by Local Dynamics." Sociology of Development 2, no. 1 (2016): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2016.2.1.51.

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This article explores the relations between a foreign aid donor and local actors in the context of the dissemination of development discourses and practices in an authoritarian context. It addresses the question “To what extent may the local dynamics alter the original goals of a donor and lead to unintended consequences?” Based on archival research, interviews, and secondary literature, this case study examines the Yunnan Uplands Management Project (YUM) in 1990–95, the Ford Foundation's first grant program on rural poverty alleviation in China. While the Foundation did not attain its main goal of making YUM a national model for poverty alleviation, the local actors were able to use YUM to develop individual capacities and to build roles for themselves as development actors in the form of associations and nongovernmental organizations, resulting in further support from the Foundation. The study contributes to our understanding of donor-local actor dynamics by highlighting the gaps between the original goals of a donor and the perspectives and motivations of local actors. The study suggests that local dynamics may influence the goals of donors and the ways they seek to disseminate development discourses and practices to local actors, despite the common conception of donors as hegemonic or culturally imperialistic.

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20

Fisher, Jonathan. "‘Some more reliable than others’: Image management, donor perceptions and the Global War on Terror in East African diplomacy." Journal of Modern African Studies 51, no. 1 (February 25, 2013): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x12000535.

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ABSTRACTThis article explores the role of perceptions in donor-African relations and the extent to which donor ‘images’ of African governments can be managed by these same governments to their advantage. The article focuses on donor views of ‘reliability’ in the Global War on Terror (GWOT) and compares differing international perceptions of Kenya and Uganda through this lens. Arguing that donors have an exaggerated sense of Ugandan ‘compliance’ or reliability and Kenyan unreliability in fighting terrorism, it explains this by examining the two governments’ international ‘image management’ strategies, or lack thereof. The analysis contends that Uganda's success at promoting itself as a major donor ally in the GWOT, compared with Kenya's general reluctance to do the same, has played a significant role in building and bolstering these differing donor perceptions. This, the article suggests, raises important questions about the nature of African agency in the international system.

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21

Swanger, William, and Shelly Rodgers. "Revisiting fundraising encroachment of public relations in light of the theory of donor relations." Public Relations Review 39, no. 5 (December 2013): 566–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.04.005.

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22

Kuts, B. O. "Regulation of Donor-Acceptor Relations in the System of Deposition of Assimilates – Growth in Legume Plants during Germination." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 4, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs04.02.267.

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23

Norris, Janice G. "A Subject-Oriented Approach to Gifts Management and Donor Relations." Collection Management 27, no. 1 (March 2002): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j105v27n01_04.

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24

Eyben, Rosalind, Rosario León, and Naomi Hossain. "Participatory action research into donor–recipient relations: a case study." Development in Practice 17, no. 2 (April 2007): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614520701195741.

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25

Hughes, Tim. "Ghana: A donor success story." South African Journal of International Affairs 12, no. 2 (December 2005): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220460509556769.

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26

Bermeo, Sarah Blodgett, and David Leblang. "Migration and Foreign Aid." International Organization 69, no. 3 (2015): 627–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818315000119.

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AbstractWhen it comes to linkages between migration and the global allocation of foreign development assistance, the size of the immigrant population from a recipient country residing in a donor country is an important determinant of dyadic aid commitments. Two complementary hypotheses probe this relationship. First, donors use foreign aid to achieve their broader immigration goals, targeting migrant-sending areas to increase development and decrease the demand for entry into the donor country. Second, migrants already residing in the donor country mobilize to lobby for additional aid for their homeland. Empirical tests on a large sample of country pairs made up of twenty-two donors and more than 150 recipients over the period 1993 to 2008 show robust support for these hypotheses.

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27

Hayes, Niall, Lucas D. Introna, and Paul Kelly. "Institutionalizing Inequality: Calculative Practices and Regimes of Inequality in International Development." Organization Studies 39, no. 9 (June 22, 2017): 1203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840617694067.

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This paper focuses on the institutionalization of inequality in relations between donors and NGOs in the international development sector. We argue that these relations operate within a neoliberal and competitive marketplace, which are necessarily unequal. Specifically, we focus on the apparently mundane practice of impact assessment, and consider how this is fundamental to understanding the performative enactment of institutional inequality. For our analysis we draw upon Miller and Rose’s work on governmentality and calculative practices. We develop our argument with reference to a case study of a donor driven impact assessment initiative being conducted in India. Specifically, we consider an impact assessment initiative that the donor has piloted with one of the NGOs they fund that seeks to improve the livelihoods of Indian farmers. We will argue that institutional inequality can be understood in the way the market as a social institution becomes enacted into mundane calculative practices. Calculative practices produce different kinds of knowledge and in so doing becomes a way in which subjects position themselves, or become positioned, as unequal.

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28

Fforde, Adam, and Katrin Seidel. "Cambodia – Donor Playground?" South East Asia Research 23, no. 1 (March 2015): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/sear.2015.0250.

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29

Wanless, Liz, David A. Pierce, J. Michael Martinez, Heather J. Lawrence-Benedict, and Nick Kopka. "Best Practices in Athletic Donor Relations: The NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision." Journal of Applied Sport Management 9, no. 3 (2017): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/jasm-2017-v9-i3-8151.

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30

Bebbington, Anthony. "Donor–NGO relations and representations of livelihood in nongovernmental aid ahains." World Development 33, no. 6 (June 2005): 937–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.09.017.

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31

Ostrander, Susan A. "The Growth of Donor Control: Revisiting the Social Relations of Philanthropy." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 36, no. 2 (June 2007): 356–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764007300386.

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32

Klotz, Maren. "Wayward Relations: Novel Searches of the Donor-Conceived for Genetic Kinship." Medical Anthropology 35, no. 1 (February 4, 2015): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2015.1012615.

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33

Wei, Song. "Development Cooperation in Africa: Creating New Momentum for China-U.S. Relations." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 04, no. 04 (January 2018): 577–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740018500252.

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As China projects itself as an emerging donor of development aid, its development cooperation with Africa has garnered unprecedented attention from the world. While China is faced with many challenges in aid practices in Africa despite its remarkable achievements over the past decades, both developed countries and African countries set high expectations for China’s potential contribution. Against this backdrop, it is crucial for China to enhance trilateral cooperation with developed donors and share experience with them on how to manage aid programs. Based on successful cooperation in the past, China-U.S.-Africa trilateral cooperation will not only strengthen China-U.S. bilateral ties, but also improve China’s overall aid effectiveness to Africa. In the future, China should initiate more development cooperation programs and work to create a coordinating mechanism with the United States in areas of their common understanding and interests; it should also go beyond traditional means of assistance and try to get involved in the U.S.-led public-private partnership (PPP) projects.

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De Matteis, Alessandro. "Leadership in aid selectivity." International Journal of Development Issues 15, no. 1 (April 4, 2016): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-10-2015-0065.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to shed light on donors’ decision process in their choice of aid recipients, which is still only partly understood. In particular, it is still unclear whether any imitative behaviour within donors’ decision process actually affects the degree of selectivity in their choice of recipients. This study contributes to fill such a gap by assessing whether the selectivity of donors’ aid allocation reflects an imitative behaviour and, if so, who leads the game and how the game has changed over time. Design/methodology/approach Donors’ selectivity is estimated using the Suits index for the analysis of aid allocations. The evolution of the Suits index is analysed in an autoregressive manner to test whether donors’ selectivity reflects an imitative behaviour. Findings This study documents a general increase in aid selectivity with regards to poverty, while selectivity according to governance reveals only limited change. The analysis shows how a redistributive process of donor leadership and influential power over aid allocation has been in place over three decades between 1980 and 2010, with the 1990s signing the main phase of transition. Originality/value This study contributes to shed light on donor coordination through the identification of leaders and followers among donors in terms of aid selectivity.

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35

Gutting, Raynee, and Martin C. Steinwand. "Donor Fragmentation, Aid Shocks, and Violent Political Conflict." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 3 (July 11, 2016): 643–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715595701.

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Recent debates have focused on the negative role of the proliferation of foreign aid facilities and donor fragmentation for development outcomes and recipient country institutions. This article investigates an overlooked positive side effect of donor proliferation. With an increasing number of donors, exposure to negative aid shocks decreases, as well as the impact of such shocks on violent political conflict. Using data on 106 recipient countries for the years 1970 to 2008 and employing event history and mediation analysis, we find strong evidence that fragmentation significantly reduces the risk for political destabilization associated with aid shocks.

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36

Dávid-Barrett, Elizabeth, Mihály Fazekas, Olli Hellmann, Lili Márk, and Ciara McCorley. "Controlling Corruption in Development Aid: New Evidence from Contract-Level Data." Studies in Comparative International Development 55, no. 4 (October 28, 2020): 481–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12116-020-09315-4.

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Abstract Following scandals about corruption in foreign aid, and in a political climate that increasingly questions the legitimacy of development assistance, donors are under pressure to better control how their funds are spent. However, there is little evidence on precisely how to control corruption in development aid. This article assesses under which conditions donor regulations are successful in controlling corruption in aid spent by national governments through procurement tenders. The article analyses data on donor-funded procurement contracts in 100+ countries in 1998–2008 and uses ‘single bid submitted in a competitive tender’ as a corruption risk indicator. Applying a contract-level propensity score matching and regression analysis, it finds that an intervention which increases donor oversight and widens access to tenders is effective in reducing corruption risks: lowering single bidding on competitive markets by 3.6–4.3 percentage points. This effect is greater in countries with low-state capacity.

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Halverson, Colin M. E., Megan Crowley-Matoka, and Lainie Friedman Ross. "Unspoken ambivalence in kinship obligation in living donation." Progress in Transplantation 28, no. 3 (June 12, 2018): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526924818781562.

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Background: Traditionally, living kidney donors were first-degree relatives due to both greater biological compatibility and concerns about extrafamilial motivation. Because familial relationships often entail distinctive experiences of moral obligation, health-care providers must be attentive to potential undue influences on intrafamilial donor decision-making processes to ensure that decisions are voluntary. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 individuals who donated kidneys to first-degree relatives and subsequently developed end-stage renal disease themselves. Findings: We analyze the different influences kinship obligations had on participants’ decision-making processes. Although participants described their decision to donate as obvious, an appropriate kin response, and free from external pressure, they indirectly expressed some ambivalence—both by their description of the rapidity of the process and in their concern about exposing an intimate to the risks of living donation. Discussion: Our data uncovered an asymmetry. Although our participants claimed that they would donate again, none received a living donor kidney. Our data also highlight the moral significance of the interdependence of donor and recipient in intrafamilial kidney donation and its impact on the range of voluntary choices as perceived by the donor. Their decision-making must be understood as embedded within a network of intimate social relations.

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38

Fagan, Adam, and Indraneel Sircar. "Foreign donor assistance and environmental capacity building: evidence from Serbia and Bosnia–Herzegovina." European Political Science Review 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773910000391.

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Early analyses of the impact of donor assistance for NGOs across post-socialist Eurasia documented the extent to which the ubiquitous new NGOs were disconnected from indigenous networks, lacked sustainable resources and capacity, and were accountable to donors rather than citizens and governments. Although this article does not entirely contest such conclusions, it examines the role of NGOs from a different normative perspective based on their role as conduits of change rather than as emblems of democratic participation or liberal representation. However, in its critique, the research does contend that there are three fundamental problems with the earlier, somewhat negative analysis: (i) too much was being expected of NGOs and donor assistance; (ii) scholars were attempting to judge the impact of the intervention far too quickly; and (iii) the focus on democracy and civil society obscured the critical ‘governance’ impact that certain NGOs were having in terms of transforming decision-making and state power ‘behind the scenes’. From the empirical perspective of environmental NGOs in post-conflict Bosnia and Serbia, the paper uses a triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods in order to ascertain better the impact of external assistance in terms of particular development skills and strategies employed by recipients. The conclusion reached is that donor funding seems to be exerting a positive longer-term impact on thetransactionalcapacities of a small core of environmental NGOs in both locations. Organizations with the most developed transactional capacities, and the few organizations now able to engage transnationally, have obtained a succession of grants over a number of years and have had their transactional activities have been funded specifically by international donors via block grants. Although this does not necessarily prove a positive relationship between donor funding and transactional capacity, it nevertheless challenges more negative assessments in the existing literature.

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39

Pryalkin, Boris S., and Yulia S. Bodagova. "Molecular Complexes of p-Chloranil with Aniline, Phenol and their Derivatives." Key Engineering Materials 670 (October 2015): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.670.89.

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Classification of simple supramolecular structures (for example molecular complexes), which has been introduced and described by Mulliken [1], is based on types of molecular orbitals of the components. In the paper [2], disadvantages of such classification are shown, which motivate us to return to the re-examination properties of molecular complexes. By this reason, there is a need to research the molecular complexes of one electron acceptor with a wide range of electron donor molecules. This paper have continued work (Part I [3]) on the chloranil complexes by studying the spectral properties complexes of N- and O-unsubstituting anilines and phenols. The present work aimed at analyzing linear relation the energies of charge-transfer bands of molecular complexes are related to ionization potentials of the donor components. All complexes conform to linear relations like involving both adiabatic and vertical ionization potentials of donor components. Mulliken [1] has been proposed to apply the vertical ionization potentials of donor components only. The development of photoelectron spectroscopy has led to the measurement of adiabatic and vertical ionization energies for thousands of molecules, which allow theirs to the present analysis of spectral properties molecular complexes.

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40

Fagan, Adam. "Promoting Democracy in the Western Balkans after the Global Financial Crisis: Good Intentions Badly Executed?" Southeastern Europe 37, no. 3 (2013): 283–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763332-03703003.

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International donors got involved in the Western Balkans during the last two decades, mainly through civil society organisations (CSOs), with the initial aim of providing emergency relief, and then to promote democracy and broadly support the Europeanization agenda. The intention has also been to contribute to the spread of western values and norms, as well as advance notions of ‘good governance’ and state reform. However, most local CSOs in receipt of such assistance have not developed high capacities and remain dependent on donor funding. They are also vulnerable to political pressures and have become detached from their local constituencies. Through a survey of donors that have operated across the region, this article seeks to examine why the long-term provision of aid and attempts to promote democracy via civil society have seemingly not delivered a sufficient dividend. What is examined here is whether donor conceptualization of ‘civil society development’ is the critical variable determining success. If we acknowledge that how donors view civil society and its contribution to democracy and state building is the basis from which aid is provided, projects are supported, and objectives set and measured, then better understanding the donors’ perspective is an important basis for trying to understand limited success. This, combined with poor co-ordination and collaboration amongst donors and between them and local stakeholders, arguably compounds the problem. The article concludes that although it has long been recognised that donor strategies are contentious and determine the impact of assistance, the economic crisis is exerting a significant impact in terms of priorities, exit strategies and co-ordination, the outcome of which is by no means certain.

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Sychov, Maxim М., Sergey V. Mjakin, Alexander I. Ponyaev, and Victor V. Belyaev. "Acid-Base (Donor-Acceptor) Properties of Solids and Relations with Functional Properties." Advanced Materials Research 1117 (July 2015): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1117.147.

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Distribution of active surface centers (DAC) spectroscopy is applied to study acid-base properties of solids. Surface characteristics of solid influences interface interaction in which this solid participates. Efficient approach to consider such interactions is to view them as acid-base ones, since acid-base interactions determine adsorption and bonding of organic molecules to solid surface. Paper describes application of method to study surface properties of components of luminescent materials, catalysts, gas sensors, proton membranes and polymer composites, and it was shown that their functional properties strongly depend on distribution of acid-base active surface centers.

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Stuchebrukhov, Alexei A. "Dispersion relations for electron and hole transfer in donor—bridge—acceptor systems." Chemical Physics Letters 225, no. 1-3 (July 1994): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(94)00606-7.

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Haddow, Gillian. "Donor and Nondonor Families' Accounts of Communication and Relations with Healthcare Professionals." Progress in Transplantation 14, no. 1 (March 2004): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480401400107.

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Moloney, Kim. "Post-Busan partnership in the Pacific? An analysis of donor–NGO relations." Pacific Review 33, no. 2 (February 8, 2019): 278–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2019.1569713.

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Haddow, Gillian. "Donor and nondonor families' accounts of communication and relations with healthcare professionals." Progress in Transplantation 14, no. 1 (March 2004): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7182/prtr.14.1.r3510160u371qj20.

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Idvall, Markus. "Patientens kropp." Budkavlen 98 (September 29, 2020): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37447/bk.98447.

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The Body of the Patient Emotions, power and reciprocity in the world of transplantation Markus Idvall Transplantation has been a part of human culture and imagination over centuries. In modern times, from the mid-20th century on, transplantation of solid organs and cells has become part of clinical practice. In this article, I focus on field studies with 1) individuals who have donated a kidney to a relative (living donors) and 2) individuals who have received a kidney from a deceased donor. Transplantation is problematized as a form of inter-corporality and a performative meeting between a recipient, a donor and medical intermediaries in the shape of doctors and nurses. By focusing on the body of the patient we learn about the aspects of emotions, power, and reciprocity in which the transplantation takes place. The empirical discussion starts with a phenomenological approach towards what it means to have a transplant. In the narrative of one of the interview subjects a specific landscape – a forest – appears as a symbol for the individual body’s transformation or even “rebirth”. The embodiment of the forest signifies both hope and an uncertain future for the individual. In a similar way, individuals who donate one of their kidneys to a relative, also incorporate the patient’s room in the hospital as being a space representing the pain which an individual living donor experiences when temporarily becoming a patient. In the second part of the article, a bio-political, power-related perspective is included in the analysis. The medical gaze that identifies donors and recipients is discussed in relation to how the human body and body-parts become a form of a national resource in the transplant context. Donor pools and waiting lists for transplants are in this respect tools for realizing a transplant industry on a national and global basis. At the end of the article, reciprocity is introduced as an analytical perspective. By distinguishing the transplant as a gift, emotions, power relations and the multifaceted body of the patient can be seen as inter-connected.

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Suleiman, Lina. "Understanding the Rationales of Donor-Funded NGOs in Palestine." Contemporary Arab Affairs 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 51–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2021.14.1.51.

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This article uses game theory as a conceptual approach to gain a holistic understanding of the aid policy of donors supporting Palestinian nongovernmental organizations (PNGOs). It asks how the work of donor-funded PNGOs has impacted Palestinian societal common good in general, and who are the winners and losers as a result of their work. Quantitative methods are used to capture the perceptions of the main actors in relation to the societal outcomes of PNGOs’ work and actors’ political and socio-economic payoffs in the occupied West Bank. Most of the findings align with much of the critical research on the negative societal outcomes of the aid policy to the NGO sector, and corroborate that the Palestinian public is a major loser in political terms and the least beneficiary in socio-economic terms.

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BOVENS, LUC. "Behavioural public policies and charitable giving." Behavioural Public Policy 2, no. 2 (August 14, 2018): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2018.12.

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AbstractSome of the challenges in Sanders et al. (2018, this issue) can be aptly illustrated by means of charity nudges; that is, nudges designed to increase charitable donations. These nudges raise many ethical questions. First, Oxfam's triptychs with suggested donations are designed to increase giving. If successful, do our actions match ex ante or ex post preferences? Does this make a difference to the autonomy of the donor? Second, the Behavioural Insights Team conducted experiments using social networks to nudge people to give more. Do these appeals steer clear of exploiting power relations? Do they respect boundaries of privacy? Third, in an online campaign by Kiva, donors are asked to contribute directly to personalised initiatives. In many cases, the initiative has already been funded and donor money is funnelled to a new cause. Is such a ‘pre-disbursal’ arrangement truthful and true to purpose as a social business model?

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Honig, Dan, and Catherine Weaver. "A Race to the Top? The Aid Transparency Index and the Social Power of Global Performance Indicators." International Organization 73, no. 03 (2019): 579–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818319000122.

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AbstractRecent studies on global performance indicators (GPIs) reveal the distinct power that nonstate actors can accrue and exercise in world politics. How and when does this happen? Using a mixed-methods approach, we examine the impact of the Aid Transparency Index (ATI), an annual rating and rankings index produced by the small UK-based NGO Publish What You Fund. The ATI seeks to shape development aid donors' behavior with respect to their transparency—the quality and kind of information they publicly disclose. To investigate the ATI's effect, we construct an original panel data set of donor transparency performance before and after ATI inclusion (2006–2013) to test whether (and which) donors alter their behavior in response to inclusion in the ATI. To further probe the causal mechanisms that explain variations in donor behavior we use qualitative research, including over 150 key informant interviews conducted between 2010 and 2017. Our analysis uncovers the conditions under which the ATI influences powerful aid donors. Our mixed-methods evidence reveals how this happens. Consistent with Kelley and Simmons's central argument that GPIs exercise influence via social pressure, we find that the ATI shapes donor behavior primarily via direct effects on elites: the diffusion of professional norms, organizational learning, and peer pressure.

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Pedersen, Hanne Skovsgaard, Peter Løvendahl, Knud Larsen, Lone Bruhn Madsen, and Henrik Callesen. "Porcine oocyte mtDNA copy number is high or low depending on the donor." Zygote 24, no. 4 (December 18, 2015): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199415000611.

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SummaryOocyte capacity is relevant in understanding decreasing female fertility and in the use of assisted reproductive technologies in human and farm animals. Mitochondria are important to the development of a functionally good oocyte and the oocyte mtDNA copy number has been introduced as a useful parameter for prediction of oocyte competence. The aim of this study was to investigate: (i) if the oocyte donor has an influence on its oocyte's mtDNA copy number; and (ii) the relation between oocyte size and mtDNA copy number using pre- and postpubertal pig oocytes. Cumulus–oocyte complexes were collected from individual donor pigs. The oocytes were allocated into different size-groups, snap-frozen and single-oocyte mtDNA copy number was estimated by quantitative real-time PCR using the genes ND1 and COX1. Results showed that mean mtDNA copy number in oocytes from any individual donor could be categorized as either ‘high’ (≥100,000) or ‘low’ (<100,000) with no difference in threshold between pre- and postpubertal oocytes. No linear correlation was detected between oocyte size and mtDNA copy number within pre- and postpubertal oocytes. This study demonstrates the importance of the oocyte donor in relation to oocyte mtDNA copy number, irrespectively of the donor's puberty status and the oocyte's growth stage. Observations from this study facilitate both further investigations of the importance of mtDNA copy number and the unravelling of relations between different mitochondrial parameters and oocyte competence.

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