Relevant bibliographies by topics / Donor and recipient

Academic literature on the topic 'Donor and recipient'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Donor and recipient"

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Ozieranski, Piotr, Marcell Csanádi, Emily Rickard, and Shai Mulinari. "Under-reported relationship: a comparative study of pharmaceutical industry and patient organisation payment disclosures in the UK (2012–2016)." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e037351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037351.

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ObjectivesTo examine the under-reporting of pharmaceutical company payments to patient organisations by donors and recipients.DesignComparative descriptive analysis of payments disclosed on drug company and charity regulator websites.SettingUK.Participants87 donors (drug companies) and 425 recipients (patient organisations) reporting payments in 2012–2016.Main outcome measuresNumber and value of payments reported by donors and recipients; differences in reported payments from/to the same donors and recipients; payments reported in either dataset but not the other one; agreement between donor–recipient ties established by payments; overlap between donor and recipient lists and, respectively, industry and patient organisation data.ResultsOf 87 donors, 63 (72.4%) reported payments but 84 (96.6%) were mentioned by recipients. Although donors listed 425 recipients, only 200 (47.1%) reported payments. The number and value of payments reported by donors were 259.8% and 163.7% greater than those reported by recipients, respectively. The number of donors with matching payment numbers and values in both datasets were 3.4% and 0.0%, respectively; for recipients these figures were 7.8% and 1.9%. There were 24 and 3 donors missing from industry and patient organisation data during the entire study period, representing 38.1% and 3.6% of those in the respective datasets. The share of donor–recipient ties in which industry and patient organisation data agreed about donors and recipients was 38.9% and 68.4% in each dataset, respectively. Of 63 donors reporting payments, only 3 (4.8%) had their recipient lists fully overlapping with patient organisation data. Of 200 recipients reporting industry funding, 102 (51.0%) had their donor lists fully overlapping with industry data.ConclusionsBoth donors and recipients under-reported payments. Existing donor and recipient disclosure systems cannot manage potential conflicts of interest associated with industry payments. Increased standardisation could limit the under-reporting by each side but only an integrated donor–recipient database could eliminate it.
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Beal, Eliza W., Dmitry Tumin, Lanla F. Conteh, A. James Hanje, Anthony J. Michaels, Don Hayes, Sylvester M. Black, and Khalid Mumtaz. "Impact of Recipient and Donor Obesity Match on the Outcomes of Liver Transplantation: All Matches Are Not Perfect." Journal of Transplantation 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9709430.

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There is a paucity of literature examining recipient-donor obesity matching on liver transplantation outcomes. The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried for first-time recipients of liver transplant whose age was ≥18 between January 2003 and September 2013. Outcomes including patient and graft survival at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years and overall, liver retransplantation, and length of stay were compared between nonobese recipients receiving a graft from nonobese donors and obese recipient-obese donor, obese recipient-nonobese donor, and nonobese recipient-obese donor pairs. 51,556 LT recipients were identified, including 34,217 (66%) nonobese and 17,339 (34%) obese recipients. The proportions of patients receiving an allograft from an obese donor were 24% and 29%, respectively, among nonobese and obese recipients. Graft loss (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.09–1.46;p=0.002) and mortality (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.16–1.65;p<0.001) at 30 days were increased in the obese recipient-obese donor pair. However, 1-year graft (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.74–0.93;p=0.002) and patient (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74–0.95;p=0.007) survival and overall patient (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.86–1.00;p=0.042) survival were favorable. There is evidence of recipient and donor obesity disadvantage early, but survival curves demonstrate improved long-term outcomes. It is important to consider obesity in the donor-recipient match.
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Gibson, Christopher J., Haesook T. Kim, Lin Zhao, H. Moses Murdock, Bryan Hambley, Alana Ogata, Rafael Madero-Marroquin, et al. "Donor Clonal Hematopoiesis and Recipient Outcomes After Transplantation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.02286.

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PURPOSE Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) can be transmitted from a donor to a recipient during allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Exclusion of candidate donors with CH is controversial since its impact on recipient outcomes and graft alloimmune function is uncertain. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed targeted error-corrected sequencing on samples from 1,727 donors age 40 years or older and assessed the effect of donor CH on recipient clinical outcomes. We measured long-term engraftment of 102 donor clones and cytokine levels in 256 recipients at 3 and 12 months after transplant. RESULTS CH was present in 22.5% of donors, with DNMT3A (14.6%) and TET2 (5.2%) mutations being most common; 85% of donor clones showed long-term engraftment in recipients after transplantation, including clones with a variant allele fraction < 0.01. DNMT3A-CH with a variant allele fraction ≥ 0.01, but not smaller clones, was associated with improved recipient overall (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; P = .042) and progression-free survival (HR, 0.72; P = .003) after adjustment for significant clinical variables. In patients who received calcineurin-based graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, donor DNMT3A-CH was associated with reduced relapse (subdistribution HR, 0.59; P = .014), increased chronic graft-versus-host disease (subdistribution HR, 1.36; P = .042), and higher interleukin-12p70 levels in recipients. No recipient of sole DNMT3A or TET2-CH developed donor cell leukemia (DCL). In seven of eight cases, DCL evolved from donor CH with rare TP53 or splicing factor mutations or from donors carrying germline DDX41 mutations. CONCLUSION Donor CH is closely associated with clinical outcomes in transplant recipients, with differential impact on graft alloimmune function and potential for leukemic transformation related to mutated gene and somatic clonal abundance. Donor DNMT3A-CH is associated with improved recipient survival because of reduced relapse risk and with an augmented network of inflammatory cytokines in recipients. Risk of DCL in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is driven by somatic myelodysplastic syndrome–associated mutations or germline predisposition in donors.
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Fast, LD, CR Valeri, and JP Crowley. "Immune responses to major histocompatibility complex homozygous lymphoid cells in murine F1 hybrid recipients: implications for transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease." Blood 86, no. 8 (October 15, 1995): 3090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.8.3090.3090.

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Abstract Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is currently encountered after bone marrow transplantation and transfusion. GVHD associated with transfusion (TA-GVHD) in apparently immunocompetent recipients has been recently reported with increasing frequency. A consistent finding in many of these cases is that the recipient received blood from a donor homozygous for one of the recipient's HLA haplotypes. However, the observed frequency of TA-GVHD is much lower than the estimated probability of this donor/recipient combination. The potential role of recipient immune responses in controlling TA-GVHD was investigated using an analogous murine model in which GVHD is induced by the injection of parental lymphoid cells into unirradiated F1 hybrid recipients. The effect of various immune manipulations of the recipient of GVHD induction was assessed by determining the number of donor lymphoid cells required to induce GVHD responses. Whereas depletion of recipient CD4+ cells increased the number of donor cells needed to induce GVHD, depletion of recipient CD8+ and natural killer cells resulted in fewer donor cells being needed to induce a GVHD response. These studies suggest a central role for functioning recipient CD8 and natural killer cells in the down-regulation of TA-GVHD development in recipients.
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Fast, LD, CR Valeri, and JP Crowley. "Immune responses to major histocompatibility complex homozygous lymphoid cells in murine F1 hybrid recipients: implications for transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease." Blood 86, no. 8 (October 15, 1995): 3090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.8.3090.bloodjournal8683090.

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Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is currently encountered after bone marrow transplantation and transfusion. GVHD associated with transfusion (TA-GVHD) in apparently immunocompetent recipients has been recently reported with increasing frequency. A consistent finding in many of these cases is that the recipient received blood from a donor homozygous for one of the recipient's HLA haplotypes. However, the observed frequency of TA-GVHD is much lower than the estimated probability of this donor/recipient combination. The potential role of recipient immune responses in controlling TA-GVHD was investigated using an analogous murine model in which GVHD is induced by the injection of parental lymphoid cells into unirradiated F1 hybrid recipients. The effect of various immune manipulations of the recipient of GVHD induction was assessed by determining the number of donor lymphoid cells required to induce GVHD responses. Whereas depletion of recipient CD4+ cells increased the number of donor cells needed to induce GVHD, depletion of recipient CD8+ and natural killer cells resulted in fewer donor cells being needed to induce a GVHD response. These studies suggest a central role for functioning recipient CD8 and natural killer cells in the down-regulation of TA-GVHD development in recipients.
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6

Tan, Susanna K., Chunhong Huang, Malaya K. Sahoo, Jenna Weber, Jason Kurzer, Margaret R. Stedman, Waldo Concepcion, et al. "Impact of Pretransplant Donor BK Viruria in Kidney Transplant Recipients." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz114.

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Abstract Background BK virus (BKV) is a significant cause of nephropathy in kidney transplantation. The goal of this study was to characterize the course and source of BKV in kidney transplant recipients. Methods We prospectively collected pretransplant plasma and urine samples from living and deceased kidney donors and performed BKV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) testing on pretransplant and serially collected posttransplant samples in kidney transplant recipients. Results Among deceased donors, 8.1% (17/208) had detectable BKV DNA in urine prior to organ procurement. BK viruria was observed in 15.4% (6/39) of living donors and 8.5% (4/47) of deceased donors of recipients at our institution (P = .50). BKV VP1 sequencing revealed identical virus between donor–recipient pairs to suggest donor transmission of virus. Recipients of BK viruric donors were more likely to develop BK viruria (66.6% vs 7.8%; P < .001) and viremia (66.6% vs 8.9%; P < .001) with a shorter time to onset (log-rank test, P < .001). Though donor BKV IgG titers were higher in recipients who developed BK viremia, pretransplant donor, recipient, and combined donor/recipient serology status was not associated with BK viremia (P = .31, P = .75, and P = .51, respectively). Conclusions Donor BK viruria is associated with early BK viruria and viremia in kidney transplant recipients. BKV PCR testing of donor urine may be useful in identifying recipients at risk for BKV complications.
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Ueda, Masumi, Lan Beppu, Judy Campbell, Mary E. D. Flowers, Jerald P. Radich, and Rainer Storb. "Clonal Hematopoiesis in Donor-Recipient Pairs after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-126979.

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After allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), a relatively small number of donor hematopoietic cells must reconstitute the entire recipient hematopoietic system, while the donor is left with a near normal pool of hematopoietic cells. We hypothesized that the increased replicative demand on donor cells in the recipient after allogeneic HCT will accelerate telomere shortening and magnify the genetic alterations that are associated with normal aging, including clonal hematopoiesis. We aimed to compare mutation frequency in genes associated with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminant potential (CHIP) and myeloid diseases between donors and recipients, with a focus on transplant pairs with older donors. We obtained contemporary blood samples from 10 related donor-recipient pairs surviving a median of 36.6 years (range 6.6-45.7 years) after HCT. Information on donor-recipient pairs is summarized in Table 1. Variant libraries were prepared from bulk peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using Archer Dx VariantPlex Myeloid panel of 75 myeloid disease-associated genes (ArcherDx, Boulder, CO). Sequencing was completed on the Illumina HiSeq system. Variants with allelic frequency (AF) ≥2% were detected in donors (median number of variants 50.5, range 35-107) and recipients (median number of variants 50, range 32-109). In all pairs, there was significant overlap in the variants detected, although some were unique to donors or recipients (Figure 1). Two of the 3 donor-recipient pairs with &gt;25 years difference in donor age (84 and 71 years) and recipient age (47 and 42 years) showed an increase in the shared variant AF in the recipient in DNMT3A (nonsense and frameshift mutations) of 5 to 18% and 5 to 16%, respectively. All other shared variants in CHIP-associated genes (DNMT3A, ASXL1, TET2) detected in 6 pairs did not show significant difference in AF (Table 2). Among other shared variants of non-CHIP genes, 7 pairs showed mutations with ≥5% difference in AF, but the difference was small (mean difference 5.3%, range 4.5-7.4%) (Table 3). In conclusion, our results suggest that even decades after transplantation and high replicative demand, most donor variants, at the level of detection of this assay, do not preferentially expand in the recipient. Donor-recipient pairs with older donors and ~30-year difference in age with the recipient showed a modest expansion in DNMT3A clones. Future studies will compare contemporary samples to historical samples from the time of transplant. Disclosures Radich: Novartis: Other: RNA Sequencing; TwinStrand Biosciences: Research Funding.
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O'Hara, Jerome F., Katrina Bramstedt, Stewart Flechner, and David Goldfarb. "Ethical Issues Surrounding High-Risk Kidney Recipients: Implications for the Living Donor." Progress in Transplantation 17, no. 3 (September 2007): 180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480701700304.

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Evaulating patients for living kidney donor transplantation involving a recipient with significant medical issues can create an ethical debate about whether to proceed with surgery. Donors must be informed of the surgical risk to proceed with donating a kidney and their decision must be a voluntary one. A detailed informed consent should be obtained from high-risk living kidney donor transplant recipients as well as donors and family members after the high perioperative risk potential has been explained to them. In addition, family members need to be informed of and acknowledge that a living kidney donor transplant recipient with pretransplant extrarenal morbidity has a higher risk of a serious adverse outcome event such as graft failure or recipient death. We review 2 cases involving living kidney donor transplant recipients with significant comorbidity and discuss ethical considerations, donor risk, and the need for an extended informed consent.
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Gibson, Christopher J., Haesook T. Kim, H. Moses Murdock, Bryan Hambley, Lin Zhao, Lisa Green, Mark Fleharty, et al. "DNMT3A clonal Hematopoiesis in Older Donors Is Associated with Improved Survival in Recipients after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142925.

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Background: Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an age-related condition in which somatic mutations can be detected in the blood of healthy individuals. In the non-transplant setting, CH is associated with an elevated risk of developing hematologic malignancy and an increased risk of non-hematologic outcomes due to altered inflammatory signaling. During hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), CH in older donors can engraft in recipients and could therefore influence outcomes through effects on graft immunologic function or by causing donor cell leukemia. A definitive link between donor CH and recipient outcomes has not been established. We therefore evaluated the impact of CH in donors aged 40 years or older on recipient clinical outcomes in 1727 donor-recipient pairs. Methods: We performed targeted, error-suppressed sequencing of 46 genes on 1727 samples from donors age 40 and older. We defined CH as pathogenic mutations at variant allele fraction (VAF) 0.005 or greater. Median donor age was 51 (range 40-80) and median recipient age was 55 (range 1-78). There were 889 matched related donors (51.5%), 454 haploidentical donors (26.3%), 273 matched unrelated donors (15.8%), 71 mismatched unrelated donors (4.1%), and 38 mismatched related donors (2.2%). 929 recipients (53.8%) had myeloid malignancies, 718 (41.6%) had lymphoid malignancies, and 80 (4.6%) had non-malignant diseases. 1022 (59.2%) recipients received peripheral blood stem cell products and 703 (40.7%) received bone marrow. 672 recipients (38.9%) received post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Median follow-up for survivors was 6.0 years. Results: We identified CH in 388 of 1727 (22.5%) donor samples. Mutations in DNMT3A were most common (302 mutations in 253 donors), followed by TET2 (96 mutations in 89 donors), ASXL1 (n=22) and PPM1D (n=14). No other genes were mutated in more than 10 donors (0.5%). The presence of donor CH was independently associated with older donor age, but not with donor sex, donor-recipient relatedness, graft source, or recipient disease. The presence of donor CH at VAF 0.01 or greater was associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) in a multivariable model that included donor and recipient age, HCT-CI, disease category, Disease Risk Index score, conditioning intensity, and donor type (HR for death or relapse 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.97, P=0.019). This effect was driven by DNMT3A mutations, which were independently associated with improved overall survival (HR for death 0.75; 0.59-0.95, P=0.016) and reduced risk of relapse (sHR 0.76; 0.59-0.97, P=0.029) in the same model. CH involving other gene mutations, including TET2 and genes other than DNMT3A/TET2, was not significantly associated with any recipient outcome. Smaller clones (VAF 0.005-0.01) had no effect on any outcome. The association between donor DNMT3A-CH and recipient outcomes was limited to those who did not receive PTCy for GVHD prophylaxis (Figure 1A-C). In the model described above, donor DNMT3A-CH in the absence of PTCy was independently associated with improved PFS (HR 0.61; 0.45-0.84, P=0.002), reduced risk of relapse (sHR 0.59; 0.39-0.9, P=0.014) and an elevated risk of chronic GVHD (sHR 1.36; 1.01-1.83, P=0.042) compared to those without DNMT3A-CH. In recipients who received PTCy, there was no significant effect of donor DNMT3A-CH on PFS, relapse, or cGVHD (1D). Eight recipients developed donor cell leukemia (DCL), for a cumulative incidence of 0.7% at 10 years. In seven of these cases, we identified gene mutations in the corresponding donor products that matched the mutations found in the subsequent DCL, including 2 with TP53 mutations, 3 with splicing factor mutations, and 2 with germline DDX41 mutations that were present in both donor and recipient. No recipients who received products with sole DNMT3A-CH developed DCL. Conclusions: In HCT donors age 40 or older, the presence of DNMT3A clonal hematopoiesis at VAF &gt;/= 0.01 is independently associated with prolonged overall and progression-free survival in transplant recipients. This effect is driven by reduced risk of disease relapse and confined to recipients who do not receive PTCy, suggesting that it is mediated at least in part by effects on donor T cells. The risk of direct evolution of DNMT3A-CH to donor cell leukemia is low, and most DCLs were traced to atypical donor CH involving MDS-associated genes or germline risk alleles. Disclosures Nikiforow: Novartis: Honoraria; Nkarta Therapeutics: Honoraria; Kite/Gilead: Honoraria. DeZern:MEI: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy; Astex: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria. Ritz:Rheos Medicines: Consultancy; Infinity Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Amgen: Research Funding; Equillium: Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Research Funding; Avrobio: Consultancy; Falcon Therapeutics: Consultancy; TScan Therapeutics: Consultancy; Talaris Therapeutics: Consultancy; LifeVault Bio: Consultancy. Soiffer:VOR Biopharma: Consultancy; Kiadis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy; Juno: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; alexion: Consultancy; Be the Match/ National Marrow Donor Program: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Consultancy; Mana Therapeutics: Consultancy; Precision Bioscience: Consultancy; Cugene: Consultancy; Rheos Therapeutics: Consultancy. Lindsley:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; MedImmune: Research Funding; Bluebird Bio: Consultancy.
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Gandhi, Maher K., Mark R. Wills, Georgina Okecha, Elizabeth K. Day, Ray Hicks, Robert E. Marcus, J. G. Patrick Sissons, and Andrew J. Carmichael. "Late diversification in the clonal composition of human cytomegalovirus-specific CD8+ T cells following allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation." Blood 102, no. 9 (November 1, 2003): 3427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-12-3689.

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Abstract To investigate the mechanisms of human T-cell reconstitution following allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), we analyzed the clonal composition of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CD8+ T cells in 10 alloSC transplant recipients and their donors. All virus-specific CD8+ T-cell clones isolated from recipients after alloSCT contained DNA of donor origin. In all 6 D+/R+ sibling alloSCTs from seropositive donors into seropositive recipients, donor virus-specific clones transferred in the allograft underwent early expansion and were maintained long term in the recipient. In contrast, in 2 of 3 HCMV D+/R- alloSC transplant recipients in whom there was no detectable HCMV infection, donor HCMV-specific clones were undetectable, whereas donor EBV-specific clones were maintained in the same EBV-seropositive recipients, suggesting that transferred clones require antigen for their maintenance. Following D-/R+ transplantation from 3 seronegative donors into seropositive recipients, a delayed primary virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response was observed, in which the T cells contained donor DNA, suggesting that new antigen-specific T cells arose in the recipient from donor-derived progenitors. In 2 of 4 HCMV D+/R+ sibling allograft recipients the clonal composition underwent diversification as compared with their donors, with delayed persistent expansion of HCMV-specific clones that were undetectable in the donor or in the recipient during the early months after transplantation; this diversification may represent expansion of new clones generated from donor-derived progenitors. We conclude that, following alloSCT, late diversification of the HCMV-specific CD8+ T-cell clonal repertoire can occur in response to persistent viral antigen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Donor and recipient"

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Berger, Ulrich. "Simple scaling of cooperation in donor-recipient games." Elsevier, 2009. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5590/1/2009_BioSys.pdf.

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We present a simple argument which proves a general version of the scaling phenomenon recently observed in donor-recipient games by Tanimoto [Tanimoto, J., 2009. A simple scaling of the effectiveness of supporting mutual cooperation in donor-recipient games by various reciprocity mechanisms. BioSystems 96, 29-34].
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Ruttledge, Sylvia. "Information provision and kidney donor and recipient decision making." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540765.

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Gill, Paul. "Illuminating donor and recipient experiences in live kidney transplantation." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54297/.

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Live kidney transplants are a successful and efficient means of treating those with chronic renal failure. However, the procedure is associated with potential physical and psychosocial risks, such as operative complications and pressure to donate and receive. Recipients also often feel grateful, even 'indebted', to the donors and, consequently, this can affect their relationship with each other. Despite these issues, few studies have focused on the experiences of those involved in live transplantation. This study was, therefore, undertaken to provide an in-depth insight into this process from the participants' perspectives. Therefore, the aims of this qualitative, longitudinal study were to explore: > The experiences of donors and recipients throughout the live transplantation process > The relevance of the anthropological theory of 'gift exchange' as a framework for exploring and understanding the live kidney transplantation process > How a theoretically informed insight into these experiences may be used to inform and develop future research and clinical practice A qualitative, phenomenological approach was used to explore the experiences of 11 live kidney donors and their recipients in South-West England. Data were collected through a series of three semi-structured interviews, conducted pre- transplant and at three and ten months post-transplant. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data coded into categories arising from participants' accounts. These findings were also considered within a theoretical framework of gift exchange. Live transplantation was the treatment of choice for all participants, especially recipients. All donors initially made an instantaneous, voluntary decision to donate and found the decision relatively easy to make. In contrast, recipients found accepting the donors' offer emotionally burdensome because of concern for their wellbeing. They were only really able to accept the transplant after discussing the matter with their donor and establishing that it was something that they really wanted to do. Recipients' lives were transformed by a successful transplant and they were subsequently very grateful to the donors for donating. Donors derived immense personal satisfaction from this outcome and it helped to confirm to them that what they had done had been worthwhile. However, the transplant rejected in one recipient and the effects of this failure were devastating. The provision of transplant services throughout this process were generally positively evaluated by participants, although several recommendations were suggested. Data from this study show that the experiences of participants interviewed, closely resembled the fundamental dynamics of the gift exchange process, thus supporting the hypothesis that this theory provides an appropriate framework for understanding the live transplantation process in these participants. The findings from this study have implications for clinical practice and future research in this area.
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Kubota, Toyonari. "Impact of Donor Age on Recipient Survival in Adult-to-Adult Living-donor Liver Transplantation." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242377.

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Crow, Leah. "Impact of Body Mass Index on Medicare Payments in Renal Transplant Recipients." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1399276000.

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Hicks, Kevin John. "The role of donor leukocytes among transfused platelets in inducing recipient cytotoxicity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/MQ54137.pdf.

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Tynell, Elsa. "Prevention of transfusion transmitted infections : donor screening and characteristics of recipient populations /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-287-X/.

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Yellanki, Sampath Kumar. "Kidney Compatibility Score Generation for a Donor - Recipient pair using Fuzzy Logic." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1345153510.

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Mastrocinque, Morgan M. "Epitope-based Re-matching of Donor-Recipient Pairs for Kidney Graft Allocation." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu16171080745974.

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Ibirogba, Sheriff B. "A review of living donor liver transplantation: why is regeneration more rapid in the recipient compared to the donor?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12516.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-62).
Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is now well established and performed on a routine basis in many major centres around the world. LDLT is feasible because of the capacity of both the remnant donor liver and the transplanted partial liver to undergo liver regeneration. However it has been demonstrated that liver regeneration in the recipient is rapid, whereas restoration of liver mass in the donor is delayed. This discrepancy in the rate of regeneration could be due to the presence of hepatotrophic factors and the use of immunosuppression in the recipient. The aims of the studies were to determine if hepatotrophic factors and immunosuppression (Cyclosporine) could modify the restoration of the liver mass after partial hepatectomy in rats.
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Books on the topic "Donor and recipient"

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A, Lange, ed. Standardization of donor-recipient matching in transplantation. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2005.

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Register, Canadian Organ Replacement. Instruction manual, transplant recipient and organ donor information. Ottawa: Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2004.

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Lee, Linda Shin. Body size mismatch between donor and recipient in cadaveric kidney transplantation. [New Haven, Conn: s.n.], 1998.

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Hicks, Kevin John. The role of donor leukocytes among transfused platelets in inducing recipient cytotoxicity. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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From recipient to donor: Japan's official aid flows, 1945to 1990 and beyond. Princeton, N.J: International Finance Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University, 1995.

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1934-, Zulu Justin B., and International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Exchange Affairs Dept., eds. Central banking technical assistance to countries in transition: Papers and proceedings of meeting of donor and recipient central banks and international institutions. Washington, D.C: Monetary and Exchange Dept., International Monetary Fund, 1994.

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Knack, Stephen F. Donor fragmentation and bureaucratic quality in aid recipients. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2004.

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John, Shaw D., and Clay Edward J, eds. World food aid: Experiences of recipients & donors. Rome: World Food Programme, 1993.

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From recipients to donors: Emerging powers and the changing development landscape. London: Zed Books, 2012.

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Nameless relations: Anonymity, Melanesia, and reproductive gift exchange between British ova donors and recipients. New York: Berghahn Books, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Donor and recipient"

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Flechner, Stuart M. "Donor and Recipient Selection." In Suki and Massry’s THERAPY OF RENAL DISEASES AND RELATED DISORDERS, 1079–105. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6632-5_64.

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Flechner, Stuart M. "Donor and Recipient Selection." In Therapy of Renal Diseases and Related Disorders, 867–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0689-4_56.

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Schultheis, Molly, and Margarita Camacho. "Matching Donor to Recipient." In Organ and Tissue Transplantation, 123–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58054-8_9.

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Lorenz, Elizabeth C., and Suzanne M. Norby. "Donor and Recipient Evaluation." In Clinical Decisions in Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, 385–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4454-1_34.

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Schultheis, Molly, and Margarita Camacho. "Matching Donor to Recipient." In Organ and Tissue Transplantation, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33280-2_9-1.

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Fu, Shuang, and Navneet S. Majhail. "Donor and recipient pre-transplant evaluation." In Clinical Manual of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, 36–44. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119095491.ch4.

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Janβen, Rainer, and Richard Reuter. "Donor/Recipient Matching in Kidney Transplantation." In Acquisition, Analysis and Use of Clinical Transplant Data, 163–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51003-8_12.

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Kizilbash, Sarah, and Jodi M. Smith. "Pretransplant Donor and Recipient Infectious Challenges." In Challenges in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation, 121–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74783-1_4.

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Peris, Adriano, Jessica Bronzoni, Sonia Meli, Juri Ducci, Erjon Rreka, Davide Ghinolfi, Emanuele Balzano, Fabio Melandro, and Paolo De Simone. "Organ Donor Risk Stratification in Italy." In Textbook of Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management, 319–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59403-9_23.

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AbstractThe permanent gap between organ demand and supply has prompted use of organs from extended criteria donors (ECD). These carry a higher risk of disease transmission, with regard to infections and malignancies. We present herein the donor risk stratification algorithm implemented in Italy since 2004 for identification management of donor-to-recipient risk of disease transmission. The principles underlying this algorithm are: (1) the risk of disease transmission must be assessed against the potential benefit for the transplant recipient (i.e., no donor can be excluded from evaluation and their organs might benefit potential candidates); (2) patients awaiting organ transplantation must be informed that the risk of disease transmission is small but finite (standard risk); and (3) risk evaluation is an ongoing process based on information collected longitudinally after transplantation. Regional and national transplant authorities are committed to regular updating of guidelines based on clinical data derived from clinicians and on evaluation of posttransplant graft and patient survival rates.
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Angelico, Mario, and Ilaria Lenci. "Donor–Recipient Matching in HCV-Infected Patients." In Hepatitis C Virus and Liver Transplantation, 15–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8438-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Donor and recipient"

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Schinstock, Emma, Alex Deakyne, Tinen Iles, Andrew Shaffer, and Paul A. Iaizzo. "Lung Allocation Pipeline: Machine Learning Approach to Optimized Lung Transplant." In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9030.

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Abstract Lung donation is the most risky transplant procedures. With low survival rates, and poor acceptance of donated lungs, those in need of a lung transplant are at high risk of dying. One reason for poor outcomes is the lack of optimal match between donor and recipient when it comes to lung size and shape. Lungs that do not properly fit in the recipient’s chest cavity can fail to inflate fully and quickly start to deteriorate. In such patients, lung contusions can form, edema occurs in healthy lung tissue, and overall lung function declines. To improve patient outcomes after lung transplant, we describe here a developed a computational pipeline which enables donor lungs to be properly matched to recipients. This tool uses CT scans from both the donor and potential recipients to calculate how anatomically different the sets of lungs are, and therefore provide improved matches in both size and shape for the donor lungs.
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Franz, M., K. Aburahma, T. Siemeni, M. Avsar, D. Bobylev, N. Schwerk, C. Müller, et al. "Influence of Donor-Recipient Age Mismatch in Young Lung Transplant Recipients." In 50th Annual Meeting of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (DGTHG). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1725593.

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Piloni, Davide, Joseph Costa, Andreacarola Urso, Andres N. Gomez, Lori Shah, Hillary Y. Robbins, Luke Benvenuto, Joshua R. Sonett, Selim Arcasoy, and Frank D'Ovidio. "Donor lung pathological abnormalities and recipient outcomes." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa2592.

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Namekata, Tsuneyuki, and Yoko Namekata. "Tags and their reputation in demographic Donor-Recipient game." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6973879.

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Purwaningsih, Sri Nurdiana. "Organ Transplant Agreement Between Donor and Recipient by Notary." In International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.119.

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Debbaut, Charlotte, David De Wilde, Christophe Casteleyn, Pieter Cornillie, Manuel Dierick, Luc Van Hoorebeke, Diethard Monbaliu, Ye-Dong Fan, and Patrick Segers. "Electrical Analog Models to Simulate the Impact of Partial Hepatectomy on Hepatic Hemodynamics." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14266.

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Due to the growing shortage of donor livers, more patients are waiting for liver transplantation. Efforts to expand the donor pool include the use of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and split liver transplantation. LDLT involves a healthy person undergoing a partial hepatectomy to donate a part of his liver to a patient with severe liver failure. Afterwards, the regenerative capacity of the organ allows the livers of both donor and recipient to regrow to normal liver masses. The procedure is not without risk as serious complications may occur (such as cholestasis, ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding and renal impairment). An inadequate liver mass compared to the body mass may result in the small-for-size syndrome (SFSS). In both donor and recipient, LDLT may lead to portal hypertension associated with the elevated intrahepatic resistance of a smaller liver, and an increased portal venous (PV) inflow per gram of liver tissue compared to the total liver before resection. Excessive hyperperfusion and shear stress may damage the sinusoidal endothelial cells and lead to graft dysfunction.
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Gusev, Yu S., V. V. Fadeev, I. V. Volokhina, S. A. Zaytsev, D. P. Volkov, E. A. Zuk, E. M. Moiseeva, and M. I. Chumakov. "The effect of the buffer zone on the maize pollen flow in mixed crops." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.101.

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Schramm, R., A. Zittermann, M. Morshuis, U. Fuchs, J. Fleischhauer, K. Hakim-Meibodi, and J. Gummert. "Risk Stratification in Heart Transplantation According to Donor and Recipient Risk Factors." In 48th Annual Meeting German Society for Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1679017.

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Said, S. A. D., T. Okamoto, A. S. Nowacki, H. Niikawa, K. Ayyat, I. Sakanoue, and K. McCurry. "The Effect of Blood Transfusion in Lung Donor on the Recipient Survival." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a5849.

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Namekata, Tsuneyuki, and Yoko Namekata. "Effect Of Declaration On Emergence Of Cooperation In Demographic Donor-Recipient Game." In 27th Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2013-0039.

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Reports on the topic "Donor and recipient"

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List, John, James Murphy, Michael Price, and Alexander James. Do Appeals to Donor Benefits Raise More Money than Appeals to Recipient Benefits? Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment with Pick.Click.Give. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26559.

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Shirai, Sayuri. An Overview on Climate Change, Environment, and Innovative Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/drtf8552.

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The global economy has been facing a series of adverse shocks in recent years including the COVID-19 pandemic, climate crisis, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, high inflation, and interest rate shocks driven by global monetary policy normalization. The high cost of fossil fuels since 2021, moreover, has reminded the world that investment for clean energy projects has been severely inadequate due to limited implementation of climate policies and limited capital inflows to financing decarbonization efforts. While overdependence on fossil fuels might be inevitable currently, the world needs to accelerate transition to carbon neutrality and also begin to cope with nature capital stock and biodiversity losses, which are happening at an alarming pace. In particular, more financial support should be provided to emerging and developing economies (EMDEs) to help achieve climate and environmental goals and other sustainable development goals (SDGs). We give an overview of some innovative finance schemes applicable to EMDEs, including blended finance to mobilize more private capital to climate and environmental projects and debt-for-climate swaps (or debt-for-nature swaps), to provide de facto grants to small high-debt economies in exchange for climate projects (or nature protection). We also provide some suggestions for further actions through better coordination among donor and recipient nations led by G7 and G20 nations.
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Jones, Lee, Jenny Powers, and Stephen Sweeney. Department of the Interior: History and status of bison health. National Park Service, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2280100.

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The North American plains bison once numbered in the tens of millions, but only around 1,000 individuals remained by the late 1800s. Through the actions of private individuals and organizations, the establishment of a few protected, federally managed, herds saved the subspecies from extinction and today the Department of the Interior (DOI) supports ap-proximately 11,000 plains bison in 19 herds across 12 states. DOI chartered the Bison Conservation Initiative in 2008, which established a framework for bison conservation and restoration on appropriate lands within the species’ histori-cal range. With the recent announcement of the 2020 DOI Bison Conservation Initiative, DOI outlined a diverse range of accomplishments made under the 2008 Initiative and re-affirmed the commitment to work with partners in support of managing bison as native wildlife. Both the 2008 and 2020 DOI Bison Conservation Initiatives endorse a holistic approach, addressing health and genetic considerations, and recommend managing DOI bison herds together as a metapopulation to conserve genetic diversity by restoring gene flow. Bison conservation and restoration efforts must consider the significance of disease in bison herds and apply a multi-jurisdictional, multi-stakeholder approach to the management of bison on large landscapes. Robust herd health surveillance programs, both in the donor and recipient herds, along with strong partnerships and communication, are needed to protect the century-long success of DOI bison conservation and stewardship. This report discusses overarching principles affecting bison health decisions in DOI herds and provides detailed baseline herd health history and management, providing a foundation upon which the 2020 Bison Conservation Initiative vision for DOI bison stewardship can be realized.
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Donor Support for ‘Informal Social Movements’. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.085.

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“Social movements” are by definition informal or semi-formal, as opposed to the formal structure of a stable association, such as a club, a corporation, or a political party. They are relatively long lasting over a period of weeks, months, or even years rather than flaring up for a few hours or a few days and then disappearing (Smelser et al., 2020). There is a substantial and growing body of work dedicated to social movements, encompassing a wide range of views about how to define them (Smelser et al., 2020). This is complicated by the use of other terms which shade into the idea of “social movements”, such as grass-roots mobilisation/ movements, non-traditional civil society organisations, voluntary organisations, civic space, new civic activism, active citizenship, to name a few. There is also an implied informality to the term “social movements”, so that the research for this rapid review used both “social movement” and “informal social movement”. Thus this rapid review seeks to find out what approaches do donors use to support “informal social movements” in their programming, and what evidence do they base their strategies on. The evidence found during the course of this rapid review was drawn from both the academic literature, and think-tank and donor reports. The academic literature found was extremely large and predominantly drawn from single case studies around the world, with few comparative studies. The literature on donor approaches found from both donors and think tanks was not consistently referenced to research evidence but tended to be based on interviews with experienced staff and recipients.
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Yang, Luo, Fucong Peng, Changyun Wei, Bei Zhang, Ruiting Wang, and Hongxia Liu. Renal transplant candidates’ or recipients’ perspectives on living donor transplantation: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Meta-synthesis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0101.

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Iffat, Idris. Anti-corruption Measures in Post-conflict Reconstruction. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.082.

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Corruption risks in post-conflict reconstruction are high, notably due to the typically large influx of international aid coupled with weak/illegitimate governments and low state capacity. Combatting corruption in post-conflict settings is vital in the short- and medium-term to promote development and growth, and in the long-term to prevent renewed conflict. Anti-corruption efforts can focus on strengthening the rule of law; public financial management; civil service reform to promote meritocratic hiring, proper training and proper remuneration; promoting transparency and accountability – on the part of both donors as well as recipient governments; and promoting external accountability mechanisms of the media and civil society.
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Wang, Li Fang, Yan Ting Cao, Tegeleqi Bu, Lin Fu, Jun Li Liu, and Jing Zhao. Do We Receive Cytomegalovirus Vaccination Before Solid Organ Transplant: a Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0143.

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Review question / Objective: We compared cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccination for solid organ transplantation recipients ( SOTs) with placebo treatment, to investigate the efficacy and safety for the prevention of CMV infection in SOTs. Condition being studied: Patients after solid organ transplantation subsequently become immunosuppressed, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common opportunistic pathogen to this population. The prevalence of CMV infection can reach 50% in the general population, and further up to 64-72% in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTs). CMV seropositive donors (CMV D+) puts even more pressure of CMV infection for SOTs. Post-transplant CMV infection can lead to neutropenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, tissue/end-organ invasive CMV disease (gastroenteritis, pneumonia, hepatitis, encephalitis), other infectious diseases, graft dysfunction, and multiple organ failure. CMV can disturb immune cell function, thus is one of the major risk factors that increase mortality within 6 months after transplantation. However, practical, effective method to prevent postoperative CMV infection for SOTs remains unresolved. Vaccination of CMV is only at clinical trials stage. To date, there is a lack of guidelines or consensus for preventing CMV disease for SOTs. Given the increasing clinical trials of CMV vaccination, it is important to clarify the evidence-based benefits and risks of CMV vaccination for SOTs, and to provide the best CMV disease prevention measurements.
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Effectiveness and Value for Money of Technical Assistance Approaches: In-house vs Contracting. Institute of Development Studies, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.135.

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In the development field, technical assistance (TA) broadly refers to support for a specific project or country programme in the form of technical advice, research and data sharing, and skills training, among other activities. As a result, TA may be more valuable as a development tool than the amount of funding received. The primary areas of focus for TA include developing a project pipeline, de-risking investments, and assisting TA beneficiaries in their efforts to improve business standards, as well as supporting policy reforms by developing country. Because TA recipients may face a variety of issues, effective TA programmes can take many forms. TA programmes must be established to address beneficiaries’ primary concerns. The goal for both TA recipients and donors should be to determine the main objective of the TA and to select from a variety of technical adviser, taking into account the limitations and enabling conditions for each approach (Nastase et al., 2020). Some useful principles (or good practices) when designing and implementing TA (through in-house or external contracting) include: • Importance of local ownership: • Partnerships and inclusivity: • Effectiveness: • Value-for-money (VFM): TA can be delivered in-house or by contracting out TA to other firms or suppliers. However, each approach has certain merits (VFM and other factors) and shortcomings. There is a very limited evidence base regarding an explicit discussion of the merits of in-house vs commissioned TA programming. Much of the available evidence simply describes TA programme elements – rather than the VFM behind business cases for in-house or contracted TA design and delivery.
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Feldman, Moshe, Eitan Millet, Calvin O. Qualset, and Patrick E. McGuire. Mapping and Tagging by DNA Markers of Wild Emmer Alleles that Improve Quantitative Traits in Common Wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573081.bard.

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The general goal was to identify, map, and tag, with DNA markers, segments of chromosomes of a wild species (wild emmer wheat, the progenitor of cultivated wheat) determining the number, chromosomal locations, interactions, and effects of genes that control quantitative traits when transferred to a cultivated plant (bread wheat). Slight modifications were introduced and not all objectives could be completed within the human and financial resources available, as noted with the specific objectives listed below: 1. To identify the genetic contribution of each of the available wild emmer chromosome-arm substitution lines (CASLs) in the bread wheat cultivar Bethlehem for quantitative traits, including grain yield and its components and grain protein concentration and yield, and the effect of major loci affecting the quality of end-use products. [The quality of end-use products was not analyzed.] 2. To determine the extent and nature of genetic interactions (epistatic effects) between and within homoeologous groups 1 and 7 for the chromosome arms carrying "wild" and "cultivated" alleles as expressed in grain and protein yields and other quantitative traits. [Two experiments were successful, grain protein concentration could not be measured; data are partially analyzed.] 3. To derive recombinant substitution lines (RSLs) for the chromosome arms of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 that were found previously to promote grain and protein yields of cultivated wheat. [The selection of groups 1 and 7 tons based on grain yield in pot experiments. After project began, it was decided also to derive RSLs for the available arms of homoeologous group 4 (4AS and 4BL), based on the apparent importance of chromosome group 4, based on early field trials of the CASLs.] 4. To characterize the RSLs for quantitative traits as in objective 1 and map and tag chromosome segments producing significant effects (quantitative trait loci, QTLs by RFLP markers. [Producing a large population of RSLs for each chromosome arm and mapping them proved more difficult than anticipated, low numbers of RSLs were obtained for two of the chromosome arms.] 5. To construct recombination genetic maps of chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 and to compare them to existing maps of wheat and other cereals [Genetic maps are not complete for homoeologous groups 4 and 7.] The rationale for this project is that wild species have characteristics that would be valuable if transferred to a crop plant. We demonstrated the sequence of chromosome manipulations and genetic tests needed to confirm this potential value and enhance transfer. This research has shown that a wild tetraploid species harbors genetic variability for quantitative traits that is interactive and not simply additive when introduced into a common genetic background. Chromosomal segments from several chromosome arms improve yield and protein in wheat but their effect is presumably enhanced when combination of genes from several segments are integrated into a single genotype in order to achieve the benefits of genes from the wild species. The interaction between these genes and those in the recipient species must be accounted for. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for some of the disappointing results that have historically obtained when using wild species as donors for crop improvement and provide a strategy for further successes.
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