Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Données physiologique'
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El, Abed Rafia. "Modèles et données sur l'anticipation du geste d'arrondissment en français." Grenoble 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE39031.
Full textDrobe, Björn. "Influence de la position de vergence sur la fusion et la refusion sensorielles." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0011.
Full textZhang, Bo. "Reconnaissance de stress à partir de données hétérogènes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0113/document.
Full textIn modern society, the stress of an individual has been found to be a common problem. Continuous stress can lead to various mental and physical problems and especially for the people who always face emergency situations (e.g., fireman): it may alter their actions and put them in danger. Therefore, it is meaningful to provide the assessment of the stress of an individual. Based on this idea, the Psypocket project is proposed which is aimed at making a portable system able to analyze accurately the stress state of an individual based on his physiological, psychological and behavioural modifications. It should then offer solutions for feedback to regulate this state.The research of this thesis is an essential part of the Psypocket project. In this thesis, we discuss the feasibility and the interest of stress recognition from heterogeneous data. Not only physiological signals, such as Electrocardiography (ECG), Electromyography (EMG) and Electrodermal activity (EDA), but also reaction time (RT) are adopted to recognize different stress states of an individual. For the stress recognition, we propose an approach based on a SVM classifier (Support Vector Machine). The results obtained show that the reaction time can be used to estimate the level of stress of an individual in addition or not to the physiological signals. Besides, we discuss the feasibility of an embedded system which would realize the complete data processing. Therefore, the study of this thesis can contribute to make a portable system to recognize the stress of an individual in real time by adopting heterogeneous data like physiological signals and RT
Gouba, Elisée. "Identification de paramètres dans les systèmes distribuées à données manquantes : modèles mathématiques de la performance en sport." Antilles Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0330.
Full textTwo topics were studied in this thesis: parameter's identification in distributed systems with missing data in first part and mathematical models of performance in sports in second part. The aim of the first part of this thesis is to identify the permeability parameter of an oil tanks in monophasic flow. The nonlinear model w have is a system with incomplete data in the sense that the initial condition, the boundary conditions and some petro-physical parameters of the model are partially known. Two approaches are possible, one using the classical method of least squares and the other more targeted using the sentinel method developed by J. L. Lions. Ln this work, we first show that the sentinel problem is equivalent to a null controllability problem. And we solves the problem of null controllability by the variational method made possible by the Carleman inequalities. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the mathematical model of performance in sports proposed by Banister in 1975. We firstly apply this model at physiological data of monofin swimmer and we propose a model that improves Banister's mode/
Fayet, Guillemette. "Vieillissement du tissu musculaire squelettique : données morphométriques nouvelles et analyse des altérations mitochondriales." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066138.
Full textLarnicol, Sylvie. "Étude de l'organisation du champ perceptif en fonction des données configurationnelles du stimulus et analyse physiologique des principes pouvant l'expliquer." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010576.
Full textThe field of investigfation is the visual perception. Adults and teenagers are compared. It consists in estimating the unwedeging in relation to the centre of a segment inclued in a plan drawing figure. The inductive effects reveal the existence of a szubjective centre, different from the objective centre. It shows how two different operative strategies can exist, based on the evalution of intervals by symetrisation, starting from the central axis, the other by the relative evaluation of the surgace around the central neeelow. In the second part, the study of fondamental ideas extracted from scientifical pieces of works like the book by messrs buser and imbert called: "the sight" leads to interprete the psychophysiologicaly data which can explain the technical operative observed during the experimentation. To this duality would correspond the duality of the receptors field, of the photoor scotopical system, and of the postretinal plexis. This assumption allows the principal of early detection and of double analysis of space-time frecency, actived from some threshold of sensitivity
Blaha, Georges. "Données sur la diversité physiologique des populations de Phytophthora megakarya et de P. Palmivora responsables de la pourriture brune des cabosses du cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT008A.
Full textCarbillet, Thomas. "Monitoring en temps réel de la vitesse de déplacement sur dispositif connecté : modélisation mathématique sur plateforme mobile interfacée avec une base de données d'entraînement et d'audit physiologique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM013/document.
Full textThe improvement running performance has become a major topic lately. We are getting closer to running a marathon in under 2 hours. However, there are not so many professionals working transversally regarding pre-race and in-race preparation concerning the general public. Training plans are based on trainers' experience and are often not custom-made. This exposes the runners to injury risk and motivation loss. It seems that the current analysis of training plans has reached a limit. The aim for BillaTraining® is to go beyond this limit by connecting the research with the general public of runners.This PhD has two main goals. The first one is trying to contribute to the research about running. After gathering and formatting trainings and races data from different origins, we tried to isolate and describe how humans run marathons including 2.5 to 4-hour performances. We studied acceleration, speed and heart rate time series among other things, with the idea of understanding the different running strategies.The second one is the development of a web application embracing the three steps of the BillaTraining® method. The first step is an energetic audit which is a 30-minute running session guided by the runner's sensations. The second step is the energetic radar which is the results of the audit. The last step is a tailor-made training plan built depending on the runner's objectives.In order to come up with a solution, we had to bring together Physiology, Mathematics and Computer Science.The knowledge we had in Physiology was based on professor Véronique Billat's past and current researches. These researches are now part of BillaTraining® and are central for the growth of the company.We used Mathematics to try to describe physiological phenomenons thanks to Statistics. By applying the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model, we found that humans are able to run at an even acceleration. By using the PELT (Pruned Exact Linear Time) method we automated changepoints detection in time series.Finally, Computer Science allowed a communication between Physiology and Mathematics for research, as well as marketing training tools at the forefront of innovation
Fayard, Jean-Dominique. "Données électrocardiographiques d'une population de 950 marathoniens et de 61 coureurs de 100 km." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M109.
Full textYang, Wenlu. "Personalized physiological-based emotion recognition and implementation on hardware." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS064.pdf.
Full textThis thesis investigates physiological-based emotion recognition in a digital game context and the feasibility of implementing the model on an embedded system. The following chanllenges are addressed: the relationship between emotional states and physiological responses in the game context, individual variabilities of the pschophysiological responses and issues of implementation on an embedded system. The major contributions of this thesis are : Firstly, we construct a multi-modal Database for Affective Gaming (DAG). This database contains multiple measurements concerning objective modalities: physiological signals (ECG, EDA, EMG, Respiration), screen recording, and player's face recording, as well as subjective assessments on both game event and match level. We presented statistics of the database and run a series of analysis on issues such as emotional moment detection and emotion classification, influencing factors of the overall game experience using various machine learning methods. Secondly, we investigate the individual variability in the collected data by creating an user-specific model and analyzing the optimal feature set for each individual. We proposed a personalized group-based model created the similar user groups by using the clustering techniques based on physiological traits deduced from optimal feature set. We showed that the proposed personalized group-based model performs better than the general model and user-specific model. Thirdly, we implemente the proposed method on an ARM A9 system and showed that the proposed method can meet the requirement of computation time
Meghnoudj, Houssem. "Génération de caractéristiques à partir de séries temporelles physiologiques basée sur le contrôle optimal parcimonieux : application au diagnostic de maladies et de troubles humains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT003.
Full textIn this thesis, a novel methodology for features generation from physiological signals (EEG, ECG) has been proposed that is used for the diagnosis of a variety of brain and heart diseases. Based on sparse optimal control, the generation of Sparse Dynamical Features (SDFs) is inspired by the functioning of the brain. The method's fundamental concept revolves around sparsely decomposing the signal into dynamical modes that can be switched on and off at the appropriate time instants with the appropriate amplitudes. This decomposition provides a new point of view on the data which gives access to informative features that are faithful to the brain functioning. Nevertheless, the method remains generic and versatile as it can be applied to a wide range of signals. The methodology's performance was evaluated on three use cases using openly accessible real-world data: (1) Parkinson's Disease, (2) Schizophrenia, and (3) various cardiac diseases. For all three applications, the results are highly conclusive, achieving results that are comparable to the state-of-the-art methods while using only few features (one or two for brain applications) and a simple linear classifier supporting the significance and reliability of the findings. It's worth highlighting that special attention has been given to achieving significant and meaningful results with an underlying explainability
Hommais, Valérie. "Présentation de l'antigène : données actuelles." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P134.
Full textRoger, Thierry. "La motricité caeco-colique chez le cheval : données histologiques, physiologiques et pharmacologiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT029A.
Full textLeperlier, Cédric. "Données écologiques et physiologiques pour l’utilisation d’espèces indigènes de La Réunion en revégétalisation." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0023.
Full textAs observed at a world scale, dry lowlands of Reunion Island are facing an important demographic development causing habitat degradation and leading to native plant species loss. In order to limit this phenomenon, selection of native species for revegetation is widely proposed. However, the lack of knowledge about biology and ecology of such species hinders their use. The aim of this study was to determine major factors influencing the very first steps from a sown seed to the resulting established seedling (germination, emergence, survival and establishment) for 14 natives plant species (10 woody and 4 herbaceous species) of dry habitats of Reunion Island. Germination strategies were evaluated in laboratories for 13 of them. A dormancy phenomenon could be identified for 12 species : 2 herbaceous and 5 woody species possess seeds with physical dormancy, 4 woody species possess seeds with physiological dormancy with a mechanical component and 1 species possess seeds with physiological dormancy and positive photoblasty. For each species, a pre-treatment improved germination. The efficiency of these methods and the influence of abiotic parameters on seedling emergence were observed in greenhouse experiments for 10 species (7 woody and 3 herbaceous species). A low water availability decreased performances, especially for woody species. While for herbaceous species, hydroseeding increased seedling emergence, this technique alone was not sufficient for woody species. Finally, establishment capacity was determined on field plots for 10 species (7 woody and 3 herbaceous species). The abiotic and competition pressures limited survival and establishment of the studied species. However, the use of hydroseeding along with the control of sowing density and diversity and a temporary control of weed competition enhanced establishment for the herbaceous and 4 woody species. The described methods of this thesis could be applied to other native species in order to improve revegetation in Reunion Island dry lowlands
Abdat, Faiza. "Reconnaissance automatique des émotions par données multimodales : expressions faciales et des signaux physiologiques." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ035S/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a generic method for automatic recognition of emotions from a bimodal system based on facial expressions and physiological signals. This data processing approach leads to better extraction of information and is more reliable than single modality. The proposed algorithm for facial expression recognition is based on the distance variation of facial muscles from the neutral state and on the classification by means of Support Vector Machines (SVM). And the emotion recognition from physiological signals is based on the classification of statistical parameters by the same classifier. In order to have a more reliable recognition system, we have combined the facial expressions and physiological signals. The direct combination of such information is not trivial giving the differences of characteristics (such as frequency, amplitude, variation, and dimensionality). To remedy this, we have merged the information at different levels of implementation. At feature-level fusion, we have tested the mutual information approach for selecting the most relevant and principal component analysis to reduce their dimensionality. For decision-level fusion we have implemented two methods; the first based on voting process and another based on dynamic Bayesian networks. The optimal results were obtained with the fusion of features based on Principal Component Analysis. These methods have been tested on a database developed in our laboratory from healthy subjects and inducing with IAPS pictures. A self-assessment step has been applied to all subjects in order to improve the annotation of images used for induction. The obtained results have shown good performance even in presence of variability among individuals and the emotional state variability for several days
Zongo, Charly Sagite. "Données biologiques et physiologiques sur les semences de quelques espèces de milieux ultramafiques néo-calédoniens." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2010. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseCharlyZongo2010.pdf.
Full textMeunier, Karine. "Données actuelles sur l'interleukine-3 en hématologie." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P052.
Full textAvendaño, Diaz Miguel. "Données sur la biologie de Argopecten Purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819), mollusque bivalve du Chili." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2033.
Full textHelequin, Brigitte. "Données actuelles concernant les relations entre magnesium et pathologie cardiovasculaire." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05PA43.
Full textRossetti, Yves. "Variations annuelles des donnees psychopathologiques et physiologiques humaines : description phylogenetique et mecanismes de regulation." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M099.
Full textYang, Wenlu. "Personalized physiological-based emotion recognition and implementation on hardware." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS064.
Full textThis thesis investigates physiological-based emotion recognition in a digital game context and the feasibility of implementing the model on an embedded system. The following chanllenges are addressed: the relationship between emotional states and physiological responses in the game context, individual variabilities of the pschophysiological responses and issues of implementation on an embedded system. The major contributions of this thesis are : Firstly, we construct a multi-modal Database for Affective Gaming (DAG). This database contains multiple measurements concerning objective modalities: physiological signals (ECG, EDA, EMG, Respiration), screen recording, and player's face recording, as well as subjective assessments on both game event and match level. We presented statistics of the database and run a series of analysis on issues such as emotional moment detection and emotion classification, influencing factors of the overall game experience using various machine learning methods. Secondly, we investigate the individual variability in the collected data by creating an user-specific model and analyzing the optimal feature set for each individual. We proposed a personalized group-based model created the similar user groups by using the clustering techniques based on physiological traits deduced from optimal feature set. We showed that the proposed personalized group-based model performs better than the general model and user-specific model. Thirdly, we implemente the proposed method on an ARM A9 system and showed that the proposed method can meet the requirement of computation time
Pham, Mac Thu Trang. "Données récentes sur la toxicité de l'arsenic : son comportement dans l'environnement et ses effets biologiques chez l'homme." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P179.
Full textGoichot, Bernard. "Secretion de l'hormone thyreotrope (tsh) au cours des etats de veille et de sommeil. Donnees physiologiques et applications cliniques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13113.
Full textLourme, Bertrand. "Traitement de données physiques et physiologiques effectué sur des kayakistes de course en ligne : caractérisation du geste et optimisation du rendement énergétique." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10165.
Full textDhif, Imen. "Compression, analyse et visualisation des signaux physiologiques (EEG) appliqués à la télémédecine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066393.
Full textDue to the large amount of EEG acquired over several days, an efficient compression technique is necessary. The lack of experts and the short duration of epileptic seizures require the automatic detection of these seizures. Furthermore, a uniform viewer is mandatory to ensure interoperability and a correct reading of transmitted EEG exams. The certified medical image WAAVES coder provides high compression ratios CR while ensuring image quality. During our thesis, three challenges are revealed : adapting WAAVES coder to the compression of the EEG signals, detecting automatically epileptic seizures in an EEG signal and ensure the interoperability of the displays of EEG exams. The study of WAAVES shows that this coder is unable to remove spatial correlation and to compress directly monodimensional signals. Therefore, we applied ICA to decorrelate signals, a scaling to resize decimal values, and image construction. To keep a diagnostic quality with a PDR less than 7%, we coded the residue. The proposed compression algorithm EEGWaaves has achieved CR equal to 56. Subsequently, we proposed a new method of EEG feature extraction based on a new calculation model of the energy expected measurement (EAM) of EEG signals. Then, statistical parameters were calculated and Neural Networks were applied to classify and detect epileptic seizures. Our method allowed to achieve a better sensitivity up to 100% and an accuracy of 99.44%. The last chapter details the deployment of our multiplatform display of physiological signals by meeting the specifications established by doctors. The main role of this software is to ensure the interoperability of EEG exams between healthcare centers
Hars, Mélany. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle de l'équilibre à la poutre lors de la réalisation de mouvements acrobatiques de renversement par des gymnastes expertes." Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6dc99473-6fb7-4bc2-954d-6f92e5fd3658.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis deals with gymnasts’ balance while performing acrobatic skills on the balance beam apparatus. During this event, body balance has to be maintained while performance is extremely constrained due to beam’s width (10 cm) and the altitude at which it is held (125 cm). More specifically this work contributes to a better understanding of dynamic balance control for female elite gymnasts while performing fundamental acrobatic skills, which difficulty mostly comes from the change from a foot support to a reverse hand support and involving a 180° rotation of the whole body. Experimental approach and methodology described in this thesis allows for relevant data collection in order to investigate balance while performing voluntary skills. It relies on an experimental setting including an instrumented beam allowing for the measure of external forces as well as an optoelectronic 3D motion analysis device. The first study described in this thesis aims at selecting biomechanical variables of interest in walkover skills using kinematic and kinetic data. The second study deals with the determination of how elite gymnasts are affected by beam’s height while performing these skills. A third study then evaluates to which extent sensory information availability reduction, especially implied by eyesight modulation and head positioning, influences balance control while forward walkover movement performance. The most important results shed light on modifications of centre of mass (COM) movements and center of mass-centre of pressure (COP) interaction
Carre, Catherine. "Transfert de radionucléides dans les organismes vivants : analyse de données et modélisation : application au domaine de la Manche." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10238.
Full textPicot, Antoine. "Détection d'hypovigilance chez le conducteur par fusion d'informations physiologiques et vidéo." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0087.
Full textDrowsiness is the transition between the awake state and sleep where one's abilities to observe and analyse are strongly reduced. So, drowsiness is responsible for a huge number of road accidents. A drowsiness detection system is presented in this PhD. This system uses both driver's brain activity (through electroencephalogram or EEG) and driver's video analysis to detect drowsiness. A non-supervised method using a single EEG channel is first proposed. Several techniques of diagnostic and signal processing are used in this method. The method obtains good results on a large number of different drivers without tuning any parameters. Drowsiness visual indicatiors have also been studied thanks to a video analysis. The proposed video analysis has been compared to the traditional electro-oculogram (EOG) approach to study the relevance of the video analysis. This comparison highlights the need of a high frame rate camera (which frame rate can reach 200fps) for blinks characterisation. This study leads to drowsiness detection system based on blinks video characterisation. Both EEG and video methods are at last been merged using fuzzy logic to obtain a 2-levels drowsiness detection system. All these methods have been tested and validated on a consistent database of twenty different drivers which was evaluated by a specialist doctor
Picot, Antoine. "Détection d'hypovigilance chez le conducteur par fusion d'informations physiologiques et vidéo." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440959.
Full textOuerdani, Aziz. "Modélisation de données pharmacologiques précliniques et cliniques d'efficacité des médicaments anti-angiogéniques en cancérologie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM018/document.
Full textWithin the last 40 years, knowledge of tumor angiogenesis has literally exploded. In the seventies, Judah Folkman demonstrated that tumors need to be vascularized to continue to proliferate. Shortly after, the main protagonists of tumor angiogenesis have been discovered, as well as the mechanisms in which they are involved. The next decade is the beginning of the research on molecules with anti-angiogenic effects and in 2004 bevacizumab (Avastin, Roche), the first antiangiogenic drug used in oncology, was available for treating solid cancer patients. Along with this, the increasing interest of mixed-effects modeling coupled with advances in computer tools allowed developing more efficient methods of data analysis. In 2009, the regulatory agency FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in the United States has identified the central role of numerical modeling to better analyze the efficacy and toxicity preclinical and clinical oncology data. The aim of this project is to study the effects of different angiogenesis inhibitors on tumor dynamics, based on a population approach. The developed models are models based on ordinary differential equations and that integrate data and information from the literature. The objective of these models is to characterize the dynamics of tumor sizes in animals and patients in order to understand the effects of anti-angiogenic treatments and provide support for the development of these molecules, or to help clinicians for therapeutic decision making
Codaccioni, Marc. "Évaluation de l’exposition fœtale aux substances chimiques grâce à la modélisation pharmacocinétique basée sur la physiologie (PBPK) et son application aux données d’imprégnation des populations." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IAVF0019.
Full textNumerous biomonitoring studies have shown the exposure of pregnant women to synthetic substances. In parallel, several epidemiological studies have highlighted associations between maternal blood concentrations measured during pregnancy or cord blood concentrations measured at birth and adverse effects in the offspring at birth or later in life. However, this type of measurements does not guarantee being representative of in utero exposures throughout pregnancy. Furthermore, it is not possible to measure longitudinally fetal concentrations due to obvious ethical reasons. Pregnancy physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (pPBPK) models allow the simulation of xenobiotic internal exposures in different maternal and fetal organs during gestation. Therefore, they offer an opportunity to better estimate the relationship between the dose and the risk of a toxic effect by considering tissue dosimetry. Although pPBPK models often incorporate physiological changes associated with pregnancy, some processes are still poorly known such as placental transfer (PT). The aim of the thesis is to improve the integration of PT in pPBPK modelling in order to predict fetal internal exposures from biomonitoring data.First, a scientific literature review of the published pPBPK models was conducted with a focus on the various model structures used to describe PT. It allowed the identification of 12 structures among 50 original models which corresponded to 4 types of kinetic profiles according to the number of transfer constants. Animal in vivo data were identified as the main source to support their parameterization although they cannot be directly extrapolated to humans and imply the killing of numerous animals. From this basis, we developed a pPBPK model which integrated four transfer models calibrated using non-animal methods so as to assess their performance to predict the fetal dosimetry on a set of ten substances. Our results show that the performance varied among models and substances, preventing the identification of a reference predictive model. Monte-Carlo simulations showed that one of the transfer models differed from the others in terms of fetal exposure variation across trimesters. Finally, a global sensitivity analysis shed light on a great extent of influence of the transfer constants as well as the metabolic clearance and fraction unbound, to a lesser extent, on simulated fetal exposure. The last part of the thesis consisted in applying the developed pPBPK model to estimate the internal fetal concentrations of two PCB and two PBDE substances from observed maternal plasma concentrations taken from the French ELFE cohort. To that end, we selected a specific PT model for each compound based on the prediction of fetal to maternal concentrations ratio at term. The ranking of chemicals based on the simulated exposure indicators varied between mother and fetus at term, as between the first and the other two trimesters in fetal plasma.In conclusion, this work highlights the potential of pPBPK modelling in the prenatal exposures assessment. It demonstrates the ability of a model to simulate adequate internal exposure indicators from a mechanistic and temporal points of view, notably from biomonitoring data. Furthermore, in light of strong ethical and regulatory constraints, this work indicates the role of alternative methods in the parameterization of key processes of the internal fetal dose such as the transplacental passage. This work could be used for the assessment of the prenatal exposome as well as in the developmental toxicity risk assessment of a substance
Rondeau, Virginie. "Analyse par vraisemblance pénalisée de données de survie groupées : application à la relation entre aluminium et démence." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28719.
Full textROUSSEL, ERIC. "Analyse des donnees d'un questionnaire sportif et de cadre de vie et du suivi physiologique de 22 gymnastes de haut niveau ages de 8 a 17 ans." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M052.
Full textLourme, Bertrand. "Traitement de données physiques et physiologiques effectué sur des kayakistes de course en ligne caractérisation du geste et optimisation du rendement énergétique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599275p.
Full textDouros, Ioannis. "Towards a 3 dimensional dynamic generic speaker model to study geometry simplifications of the vocal tract using magnetic resonance imaging data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0115.
Full textIn this thesis we used MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) data of the vocal tract to study speech production. The first part consist of the study of the impact that the velum, the epiglottis and the head position has on the phonation of five french vowels. Acoustic simulations were used to compare the formants of the studied cases with the reference in order to measure their impact. For this part of the work, we used 3D static MR (Magnetic Resonance) images. As speech is usually a dynamic phenomenon, a question arose, whether it would be possible to process the 3D data in order to incorporate dynamic information of continuous speech. Therefore the second part presents some algorithms that one can use in order to enhance speech production data. Several image transformations were combined in order to generate estimations of vocal tract shapes which are more informative than the original ones. At this point, we envisaged apart from enhancing speech production data, to create a generic speaker model that could provide enhanced information not for a specific subject, but globally for speech. As a result, we devoted the third part in the investigation of an algorithm that one can use to create a spatiotemporal atlas of the vocal tract which can be used as a reference or standard speaker for speech studies as it is speaker independent. Finally, the last part of the thesis, refers to a selection of open questions of the field that are still left unanswered, some interesting directions that one can expand this thesis and some potential approaches that could help someone move forward towards these directions
Fournel, Arnaud. "Classification automatique de données IRMf : application à l'étude des réseaux de l'émotion." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20066.
Full textIn the last fifteen years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been used to extract information about cognitive processes location. The information contained in fMRI acquisitions is usually extracted using the general linear model coupled to the statistical inference process. Although this classical method has validated noninvasively most of the lesional models, it suffers from some limitations. To solve this problem, various analysis techniques have emerged and propose a new way of interpreting neuroimaging data. In this thesis, we present two multivariate methods to analyze fMRI data with the least possible a priori. In parallel, we are trying to extract information about brain emotion processing. The first method focuses on the brain functional specialization and the second method on the brain functional connectivity. After results presentation, each method is compared to the so-called classical analysis in terms of extracted information. In addition, emphasis was put on the concept of emotional valence. We try to establish the existence of a possible split between positive and negative valence networks. The consistency of the network is evaluated across both perceptual modalities and stimuli categories. Each of the proposed methods are as accurate as the conventional method and provide new highlights on the studied processes. From the perspective of emotions, our work highlights a shared brain network for positive and negative valences and a consistency of this information in some brain regions across both perceptual modalities and stimuli categories
Handouzi, Wahida. "Traitement d'information mono-source pour la validation objective d'un modèle d'anxiété : application au signal de pression sanguine volumique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0237/document.
Full textDetection and evaluation of emotions are areas of great interest in many communities both in terms of human and exact sciences. In this thesis we focus on social anxiety recognition, which is an irrational fear felt by a person during any form of social relationship. Anxiety can be revealed by a set of physical and physiological traits such as tone of voice, facial expressions, increased heart rate, flushing ... etc. The interest to the physiological measures is motivated by them robustness to avoid the artifacts created by human social masking, they are a continuous source of data and each emotion is characterized by a particular physiological variation. In this work, we propose a measurement system based on the use of a single physiological signal "Blood volume pulse BVP". The use of a single sensor limits the subjects’ discomfort. From the BVP signal we selected three relevant features which best represents the close relationship between this signal and anxiety status. This features set is classified using support vector machine SVM. The work undertaken in the field of emotion recognition frequently use, for information support, unreliable data do not always correspond to the situations envisaged. This lack of reliability may be due to several parameters among them the subjectivity of the evaluation method used (self-evaluation questionnaire, subjects…etc.). We have developed an approach to objective assessment of data based on the dynamics of selected features. The used database was recorded in our laboratory under real conditions acquired in subjects with a level of anxiety during social situations and who are not under psychological treatment. The used stimulus is the exposition to virtual environments representing some feared social situations. After the evaluation stage, we obtained a reliable model for the recognition of two levels of anxiety. The latter was tested in a clinic specializing in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on phobic subjects. The results highlight the reliability of the built model specifically for the recognition of anxiety levels in healthy subjects or of phobic subjects, what constitutes a solution to the lack of data affecting different areas of recognition
Morlan-Salesse, Carole. "Aide à la formulation des formes pateuses à l'usage cutané." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU32053.
Full textMigault, Lucile. "Exposition maternelle aux champs électromagnétiques, prématurité et petit poids de naissance pour l’âge gestationnel : données des cohortes Elfe et Epipage2." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0263/document.
Full textElectromagnetic fields in the environment - whether extremely low frequency or radiofrequency - are responsible for continuous population exposure. However, the potential impact of exposure to electromagnetic fields on neonatal health during pregnancy is still not well known, in particular due to the difficulties for epidemiological studies to assess in sufficient detail and precision the exposure to electromagnetic fields, which is ubiquitous. The first objective of this thesis was to study the relationship between maternal exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and two indicators of neonatal health: prematurity and small for gestational age. The second objective was to build a tool for quantitative estimation of occupational exposure to radiofrequencies. The work carried out in response to the first objective is based on data from two French birth cohorts. Cumulative exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields during pregnancy was assessed using a job-exposure matrix. The results were in favor of an absence of association with the risk of small for gestational age. However, for the risk of spontaneous prematurity, a modest association was reported among the most exposed mothers up to 28 weeks of gestation. The work carried out in response to the second objective is based on an international collaboration. On the basis of the job calendars collected in an international case-control study and exposure measurements extracted from the literature, a first quantitative job-exposure matrix to estimate occupational exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields in epidemiological studies was created
Roux, Aurélie. "Analyse du métabolome urinaire humain par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066575.
Full textVouriot, Alexandre Perrin Philippe. "Identification de facteurs posturaux individuels et environnementaux à l'origine de troubles de l'équilibre chez l'homme au travail." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2005_0023_VOURIOT.pdf.
Full textSambron-Di, Prizio Anne-Catherine Rat Cédric. "La prescription d'hypnotiques par le médecin généraliste en dehors d'une consultation étude rétrospective à partir des données de remboursement des CPAM de Loire Atlantique et de Vendée /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=48071.
Full textFOUCHER, JEAN-LUC. "Etude des proteines de liaison des steroides sexuels chez la truite arc en ciel (oncorhynchus mykiss) : 1) donnees physiologiques et biochimiques; 2) aspects in vivo et in vitro de leur regulation chez le male." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10121.
Full textGalinier, Thomas. "Analyse multifactorielle de la performance des cultures - Méthodes et automatisation pour l’intégration de données agronomiques, environnementales, sociales et économiques - Exemple du maïs grain non-irrigué en Amérique du Nord." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC026.
Full textThe global demand for food and energy is constantly increasing. As access to spare arable land is limited, growers will have to produce about 70% more per hectare by 2050. Optimization and rationalization of the agricultural production systems is then critical to ensure food security under sustainable conditions. The agricultural community would be in a position to optimize crop performance by better understanding the cropping systems, especially regarding potential production and limiting factors. In this context, the ability to characterize crop growing conditions in regards to their impacts on potential yield and yield gap is important in order to identify margins of progress and propose improved farming systems.An approach is proposed to characterize the crop environment of large geographical areas taking into consideration the impact on crop performance of the key resources for plant development (temperature, solar radiation, water and nitrogen). The level of availability of each resource was estimated by using crop modeling approaches integrating weather data and soil characteristics as inputs. The efficiency of use of the available resources was characterized by crop practices, grower strategy and grower technical environment. A generic integration procedure was established and used to describe corn production for grain in North America from 1991 to 2013. The resulting dataset covers 84% of the total corn planted area, deciphered in 1,558 elementary spatial units, for a total of 28,303 independent scenarios. Such a method combines and harmonizes, at scale, yield observations from agricultural statistics with a large set of relevant descriptors of growing conditions.A subset of 21 main limiting factors was identified through variable-selection analysis to explain 66% of the observed yield-gap variability. The relaxed lasso method resulted in an interesting compromise between interpretability and prediction ability. The selected descriptors highlighted the contribution of crop management in yield-gap variability, especially regarding levels of crop intensification and the technical environment of growers. The third main factor is water availability and resulting drought. The integration of knowledge in crop physiology into descriptor design significantly improved the interpretability of the proposal and the confidence of end-users in the approach.Yield-gap patterns were used to identify the set of most frequent Environment Types. Two approaches were proposed: one focused on crop physiology drivers and another also considered market-size homogeneity among Environment Types. This resulted in 11 Environment Types based on crop physiology drivers and 8 Environment Types when combining crop physiology drivers and market constraints. Crop-physiology Environment Types are very informative on the historical evolution of cultural practices and the changes in grower strategies over the studied period. Such categorization of growing conditions demonstrated the ability to reproduce field expertise and support genotype evaluation. Three business Use Cases were used to illustrate the interest of the approach in (i) describing the environmental history of a market, (ii) defining relevant Target Population Environments (TPE) and (iii) evaluating the environmental sampling relevance of Multi-Environment Trials (MET)
Firmo, Drumond Thalita. "Apports croisées de l'apprentissage hiérarchique et la modélisation du système visuel : catégorisation d'images sur des petits corpus de données." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03129189.
Full textDeep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) have recently protagonized a revolution in large-scale object recognition. They have changed the usual computer vision practices of hand-engineered features, with their ability to hierarchically learn representative features from data with a pertinent classifier. Together with hardware advances, they have made it possible to effectively exploit the ever-growing amounts of image data gathered online. However, in specific domains like healthcare and industrial applications, data is much less abundant, and expert labeling costs higher than those of general purpose image datasets. This scarcity scenario leads to this thesis' core question: can these limited-data domains profit from the advantages of DCNNs for image classification? This question has been addressed throughout this work, based on an extensive study of literature, divided in two main parts, followed by proposal of original models and mechanisms.The first part reviews object recognition from an interdisciplinary double-viewpoint. First, it resorts to understanding the function of vision from a biological stance, comparing and contrasting to DCNN models in terms of structure, function and capabilities. Second, a state-of-the-art review is established aiming to identify the main architectural categories and innovations in modern day DCNNs. This interdisciplinary basis fosters the identification of potential mechanisms - inspired both from biological and artificial structures — that could improve image recognition under difficult situations. Recurrent processing is a clear example: while not completely absent from the "deep vision" literature, it has mostly been applied to videos — due to their inherently sequential nature. From biology however it is clear such processing plays a role in refining our perception of a still scene. This theme is further explored through a dedicated literature review focused on recurrent convolutional architectures used in image classification.The second part carries on in the spirit of improving DCNNs, this time focusing more specifically on our central question: deep learning over small datasets. First, the work proposes a more detailed and precise discussion of the small sample problem and its relation to learning hierarchical features with deep models. This discussion is followed up by a structured view of the field, organizing and discussing the different possible paths towards adapting deep models to limited data settings. Rather than a raw listing, this review work aims to make sense out of the myriad of approaches in the field, grouping methods with similar intent or mechanism of action, in order to guide the development of custom solutions for small-data applications. Second, this study is complemented by an experimental analysis, exploring small data learning with the proposition of original models and mechanisms (previously published as a journal paper).In conclusion, it is possible to apply deep learning to small datasets and obtain good results, if done in a thoughtful fashion. On the data path, one shall try gather more information from additional related data sources if available. On the complexity path, architecture and training methods can be calibrated in order to profit the most from any available domain-specific side-information. Proposals concerning both of these paths get discussed in detail throughout this document. Overall, while there are multiple ways of reducing the complexity of deep learning with small data samples, there is no universal solution. Each method has its own drawbacks and practical difficulties and needs to be tailored specifically to the target perceptual task at hand
Raguideau, Sébastien. "Analyse de données de métagénomique fonctionnelle par NMF pour la modélisation de la dégradation des fibres par le microbiote intestinal humain." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA027/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work of thesis is to model the capacity of degradation of non-digestible polysaccharides by the human intestinal microbiote. To this end we exploit metagenomic data. We use abundances of nucleotide sequences in 1408 samples whose metabolic function are assigned by annotation against a database. The sequences are annotated with functional markers. Upon manual selection of 86 functional markers relevant to the activity of metabolisation of polysaccharides, we their abundances variation among the metagenomic samples are studied.We propose an ecological approach in modeling the human intestinal microbiote. We consider the intense functional selection of this ecosystem and assume that identical cluster of metabolic functions can be found in different proportions in every human gut microbiota. We propose the term of functional assembly as to account for spacial and temporal co-occurence of functional cluster. In practice, theses assemblies are determined by their composition and can be interpreted as combinations of functional traits aggregated at the levels of the cluster of microorganisms composing each assembly. Functional assemblies are inferred by the means of Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). This method allows to determine the composition of functional assemblies and their abundance in each of the 1408 metagenomic sample.Furthermore, we exploit metabolic information from bibliographic resources and 190 microbial genomes in order to specify the composition of these functional assemblies. This information is translated in the form of a constraint.We find 4 assemblies by considering a consensus between various criteria. The use of metabolic information allow to interpret theses assemblies biologically. By exploiting the metadata of the 1408 samples, we observe a different behaviour for the samples coming from individuals suffering from Crohn disease. We validate this observation on external data.We proposed a reductionistic approach allowing to represent an important metabolic process at the level of the microbiota. We find a small number of 4 functional assemblies which are biologically likely and approach well the 1408 metagenomic samples
Plante, Pierre-Alphée. "Effets d'un supplément alimentaire de protéines provenant de levures donné à des truies en lactation sur leurs performances et celles de leurs porcelets." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27742/27742.pdf.
Full textMessé, Arnaud. "Caractérisation de la relation structure-fonction dans le cerveau humain à partir de données d'IRM fonctionnelle et de diffusion : méthodes et applications cognitive et clinique." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845014.
Full textPerriot, Bruno. "Analyse de l’activité physique, de la position corporelle et de la qualité de sommeil chez les patients atteints de maladies chroniques : Traitement des signaux, fusion de données et stratégie de prise en charge." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0069.
Full textChronic diseases affecting the respiratory system require a long-term monitoring. Physical activity and cardiovascular parameters are essential in those pathologies. We focused on two of those diseases : COPD and obstructive sleep apnea. COPD is characterized by a downward cycle of inactivity : a respiratory impairment leads to a reduction of activity, whose in turn worsen the respiratory impairment by a conditioning loss. As a consequence, activity monitoring and SpO2 are essential for the monitoring of this pathology. Nocturnal oxygen desaturation are a main feature of sleep apnea. An actimeter allows for sleep quality evaluation, and is a logical choice for a complementary measure of this disease. Moreover, diurnal activity is an indicator of the degree of physical weakness that can occur as a consequence of sleep apnea. The main goal of the work has been the developement of a connected actimeter, able to monitor diurnal activity, estimate the duration of sleep and collect data from a pulse oximeter to synchronise the data. From 26 days of accelerometric measures, we designed and validated an algorithm that compute the time spend sitting, standing and lying. This algorithm has been designed to be embedded in a microcontroler with limited computing power. We also proposed a step detection algorithm validated on 5 hours of walking, on 22 different patients, against a visual count. Finally, we designed a method to detect the sitting-standing change of posture to monitor the 3-minutes chair stand test. On the nocturnal aspect, we designed an algorithm used to estimate the sleep duration during a night. It as been tested on 25 nights. We also proposed a pulse wave analysis method to extract the LF/HF ratio of cardiac variability, to detect REM sleep. We showed the result of the aggregation of the different parameters collected by the system composed of the actimeter and the oximeter during a monitored night, as a tool to the healthcare professional. The actimeter design in the context of this work and the associated signal processing methods are appropriate to the monitoring of respiratory pathologies with a light equipment. They also can be integrated into a telemedecine system through a gateway computer, allowing for a long-term monitoring
Martinelli, Julien. "On learning mechanistic models from time series data with applications to personalised chronotherapies." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03686289.
Full textMathematical modeling of biological processes aims at providing formal repre-sentations of complex systems to enable their study, both in a qualitative and quan-titative fashion. The need for explainability suggests the recourse to mechanisticmodels, which explicitly describe molecular interactions. Nevertheless, such mod-els currently rely on the existence of prior knowledge on the underlying reactionnetwork structure. Moreover, their conception remains an art which necessitatescreativity combined to multiple interactions with analysis and data fitting tools.This rules out numerous applications conceivable in personalized medicine, andcalls for methodological advances towards machine learning of patient-tailoredmodels. This thesis intends to devise algorithms to learn models of dynamicalinteractions from temporal data, with an emphasis on explainability for the humanmodeler. Its applications are in the context of personalized chronotherapies, thatconsist in optimizing drug administration with respect to the patient’s biologicalrhythms over the 24-hour span. Three main themes are explored: mechanisticmodeling, network inference and treatment personalization. The first chapter de-scribes the development of the first quantitative mechanistic model of the cellularcircadian clock integrating transcriptomic, proteomic and sub-cellular localizationdata. This model has been successfully connected to a model of cellular pharmacol-ogy of an anticancerous drug, irinotecan, achieving personalization of its optimaladministration timing. The second chapter introduces a novel protocol for inferringwhole-body systemic controls enforced on peripheral clocks. On the long run, thisapproach will make it possible to integrate individual data collected from wearablesfor personalized chronotherapies. The third chapter presents a general algorithmto infer reactions with chemical kinetics from time series data