Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Données de trafic aérien'
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Tabti, Saïd. "Modélisation macroscopique de l'écoulement du trafic aérien : une approche par analyse de données multidimensionnelles." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10055.
Full textGwiggner, Claus. "Analyse des incertitudes dans les flux du trafic aérien." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003211.
Full textMonmousseau, Philippe. "Passengers : customers, actors and sensors of the air transportation system." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30244.
Full textAir transportation uses planes to transport passengers efficiently between two airports, and its development has been driven by the continuous improvement of planes as a safe and efficient means of transportation. However, if the COVID-19 pandemic has taught the air transportation system one lesson, it's that a problem affecting passengers can be far more detrimental to the air transportation system than a problem affecting planes. Acknowledging the fact that passengers are omnipresent and necessary to the air transportation system, this study proposes to consider passengers as sensors of the air transportation system and harness data generated by passengers to evaluate in near real time the flight-centric metrics traditionally used to evaluate the air transportation system performance. Data generated by passengers have the additional benefit of offering a means of evaluating the interactions between passengers and the other stakeholders of the air transportation system, such as airlines and airports. The journey of a passenger starting and ending beyond the boundaries of airport facilities, the data generated by passengers throughout their journey can also be used to evaluate the full door-to-door journey of a passenger of the air transportation system
Hadjipavlou, Elena. "Big data, surveillance et confiance : la question de la traçabilité dans le milieu aéroportuaire." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR2044/document.
Full textThis research project questions, in a comprehensive and critical way, the presence of digital traces in the era of Big Data. This reflection opens up in the relation between Surveillance and Trust. In recent years, “Big Data” has massively and repeatedly been used in order to describe a new societal dynamic that would be characterized by the production of massive quantities of data. Furthermore, enormous potential benefits from using new statistical tools to analyze these data generated from connected objects and tools in more and more human actions. The airport sector is currently facing a major transformation, fueled by the explosion of data within its structure. The data generated during a passenger's journey are now extremely massive. There is no doubt that the management of this data is an important lever for the safety, the improvement of services and the comfort of the passenger. However, the expected benefits raise a great question: Where do these data go? We do not know. And as long as we do not know, how can we trust? These considerations are being examined at Larnaca airport in Cyprus. The different angles of approach as well as the diversity of the actors required the creation of a multidimensional corpus, resulting from a mixed methodology, in order to have a comprehensive approach to the subject. This corpus includes interviews, questionnaires and life stories of passengers and professionals. The qualitative and quantitative analysis that followed was based on a theoretical framework previously elaborated, in order to cross the representations of the actors concerning the surveillance and the trust and finally, highlight the different inherent visions to this issue
Salgas, Antoine. "Modélisation de scénarios prospectifs pour l’aviation : régionalisation, étude des coûts d’abattement et optimisation technico-économique sous contraintes environnementales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ESAE0001.
Full textThe anthropogenic origin of climate change is now unequivocal, and its mitigation requires drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Although aviation is a relatively moderate emitter, it still accounts for about 2.6% of CO2 emissions and is responsible for significantnon-CO2, globally warming effects. Several decarbonisation levers are available to reverse the upward emissions trend, including further improvements in aircraft and operational efficiency and the replacement of fossil kerosene with low-carbon alternatives. The advantages and disadvantages of these different options, as well as their interactions, can be explored in prospective transition scenarios. Although they are used by several institutional, industrial or academic stakeholders, they often lack either a detailed and transparent methodology, sufficient disciplinary coverage to make informed strategic choices, or limited adaptability to different cases of application. This thesis proposes three areas of improvement to address these issues, as part of the continuing development of AeroMAPS, a prospective scenario simulator specific to air transport decarbonisation. First, as decarbonisation opportunities vary from region to region (natural and financial resources, traffic levels...), the adaptability of transition scenarios to these different scales is a key issue. This thesis contributes to addressing this issue by presenting a method for estimating air traffic and CO2 emission flows in an open source, reproducible and partitionable manner. These data are used in AeroMAPS to generate scenarios at reduced scales, such as a continent or a country. They are also used to study the air transport use around the world, revealing strong inequalities. Then, this work enriches the modelling of transition scenarios by adapting and integrating different cost models into the same framework. In particular, models from the literature for estimating the minimum selling prices of various alternative low-carbon fuels are used to study the evolution of energy costs for the aviation sector. Similarly, operational cost models are implemented to model the overall impact of different decarbonisation levers on airline costs. These models are also used to study the technical and economic impact of aircraft architectures in a constrained environmental context. Lastly, the economic efficiency of the different decarbonisation levers is examined using two approaches. On the one hand, it can be assessed using carbon abatement cost metrics and sectoral marginal abatement cost curves adapted and developed for the context of transition scenarios. In particular, this makes it possible to compare the costs of decarbonising air transport with different reference carbon values. On the other hand, a more comprehensive cost-effectiveness approach is presented through cost optimisation of transition scenarios. An application is proposed to challenge the fuel blending mandates of the ReFuelEU legislation for European aviation for different carbon budget and energy resource constraints
Farah, Ihsen. "Optimisation des flux de trafic aérien." Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0003.
Full textIn this thesis, we adress the Air Traffic Flow Management Problem (TFMP). We present a new Integer Linear Program which takes into account all phases of flight. We purpose also a Max-Min ant system algorithm to resolve the TFMP. Numerical simulations are applied to real data to show the effectiveness of our new formulation and our approach. We adress also the static Aircraft Landing Problem (ALP). We propose a quadratic integer program and propose a change of variables to linearize the model. Second objective is to resolve effectivly this model. Therefore, an exact method based on Branch and Bound algorithm is presented. We propose also an Ant Colony System to resolve the instances with a big size. To confirm this work, simulation and computer modeling results for both of the heuristic and exact algorithm are presented
Gianazza, David. "Optimisation des flux de trafic aérien." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000075/.
Full textGianazza, David. "Optimisation des flux de trafic aérien." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7377/1/gianazza.pdf.
Full textDepigny, Marine. "Terrorisme international et mesures de sûreté : analyse économique du comportement du voyageur sur le réseau de transport aérien mondial." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO22020/document.
Full textIn our dissertation, we question the impact of both international terrorism and security measures on the behavior of the users of the global air transportation network. Using an econometric model, we analyze a new database, AirNetTerror, which contains data on all international passenger flows toward the U.S. from 1990 to 2006 as well as the events of international terrorism by country for the same period. The relevance of our research is twofold. On the one hand, our investigation regarding air travelers’ behavior and their possibilities of modifying their itinerary in light of international terrorism has – so far as we know – never been studied. On the other hand, as we analyze passenger flows from the perspective of the network, we propose a dynamic representation of the impact of travelers’ behavior changes related to terrorist threats and security measures. In particular, taking into account the interdependent security that rules the global air transport network, allows us to question the existence of failures in security measures. Our results underline a significant impact of both international terrorist events and security measures. Furthermore, we locally observe itinerary modifications of travelers that are linked to the previous phenomena. Thus, the combined effect of terrorist threats and security measures seems to lead to equilibrium breaks – that are limited but real – in passenger flows of the global air network. Our thesis offers a different representation of the impact of international terrorism on air transport by placing the traveler’s behavior at the center of the strategic interactions between security actors and terrorists
Bosc, Jean-François. "Techniques d'évitement réactif et simulation du trafic aérien." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT103H.
Full textMa, Ji. "Optimisation du trafic aérien dans de grands aéroports." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30052.
Full textThe air traffic growth induces congestion and flight delays both at the airports and in the surrounding airspaces. In fact, the airports are limited in terms of capacity and represent the major bottlenecks in the air traffic management system. Efficient planning and control are critical to enhance the airport operation efficiency and to reduce flight delays. In prior research, several sub-problems associated with airport operations have already been discussed separately, such as runway scheduling, taxiway scheduling, terminal airspace management, etc. However, these operations are closely related and can affect each other. This motivates the development of an integrated optimization approach for managing air traffic at airport and in the surrounding airspace. In this thesis, we suggest a two-level optimization approach which works on both the macroscopic and the microscopic levels. Following the prediction horizon of different problems, we consider first a long term horizon with an abstract network of airport and TMA. Then, we consider a shorter horizon with a detailed network of airport components. In the first part of the thesis, we focus on the integrated optimization of airport operation problem and terminal airspace management problem at a macroscopic level. The airside is modeled as an abstract network: terminal, taxi network, and runway are seen as specific resources with a defined maximum capacity, and the TMA is modeled by a predefined route network structure. This level of abstraction aims at identifying the airport congestion situations. We develop an optimization model to minimize flight delays, resolve airspace conflicts, and mitigate airport congestions by controlling speed, arrival and departure times, and assigned runway, while keeping various operational constraints. An adapted simulated annealing (SA) metaheuristic combined with a time decomposition approach is proposed to solve the corresponding problem. Computational experiments performed on case studies of Paris Charles De-Gaulle airport show potential improvements on airport congestion mitigation and flight delay reduction. The second part of the thesis deals with the airport runway and taxiway scheduling problem at a microscopic level. In this part, we represent the airport (gate, taxiway, runway) with a detailed surface node-link network, and we consider individual aircraft trajectories based on this graph. We aim at resolving the ground conflicts among aircraft, assigning the pushback times, the taxi speeds and the positions (runway threshold or holding point) and the holding times. The optimization model is designed to reduce runway queue length and minimize flight delays as well as taxi times with respect to safety concerns in surface traffic operations. A comparison with regard to baseline scenarios of the microscopic optimization benefits is presented for two major airports: Paris Charles De-Gaulle (CDG) airport and Charlotte Douglas International airport (CLT). Important gain in taxi time savings and runway queue length reduction are achieved, particularly at CLT since it is more prone to congestion
Allignol, Cyril. "Planification de trajectoires pour l'optimisation du trafic aérien." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0104/document.
Full textAir traffic in Europe represents about 30,000 flights each day and forecasts from Eurocontrol predict a growth of 70% by 2020 (50,000 flights per day). The airspace, made up of numerous control sectors, will soon be saturated given the current planification and control methods. In order to make the system able to cope with the predicted traffic growth, the air traffic controllers workload has to be reduced by automated systems that help them handle the aircraft separation task. Based on the traffic demand by airlines, this study proposes a new planning method for 4D trajectories that provides conflict-free traffic to the controller. This planning method consists of two successive steps, each handling a unique flight parameter : a flight level allocation phase followed by a ground holding scheme. We present constraint programming models and an evolutionary algorithm to solve these large scale combinatorial optimization problems, as well as techniques for improving the robustness of the model by handling uncertainties of takeoff times and trajectory prediction. Simulations carried out over the French airspace successfully solved all conflicts, with a mean of one minute allocated delay (80 to 90 minutes for the most delayed flight) and a discrepancy from optimal altitude of one flight level for most of the flights. Handling uncertainties with a static method leads to a dramatic increase in the cost of the previous non-robust solutions. However, we propose a dynamic model to deal with this matter, based on a sliding time horizon, which is likely to be able to cope with a few minutes of uncertainty with reasonable impact on the cost of the solutions
Breil, Romaric. "Système multi-agents pour l'auto-structuration du trafic aérien." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30359/document.
Full textAir Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) aims at structuring traffic in order to reduce congestion in airspace. Congestion being linked to aircraft located at the same position at the same time, ATFM organizes traffic in the spatial dimension (e.g. route network) and in the time dimension (e.g. sequencing and merging of aircraft flows taking off or landing at airports). The objective of this thesis is to develop a methodology that allows the traffic to self-organize in the time and space dimensions when demand is high. This structure disappears when the demand diminishes. In order to reach this goal, a multi-agent system has been developed, in which aircraft cooperate to structure traffic. Multi-agent systems have several advantages, including a good resilience when confronted with disruptive events, resilience being the ability of the system to adapt its decisions in order to get back to a stable state when confronted to a disruption in its environment. In this system, three algorithms have been implemented, aiming at reducing traffic complexity in three different ways. The first algorithm allows aircraft agents flying on a route network to regulate speed in order to reduce the number of conflicts, a conflict occurring when two aircraft do not respect separation norms. The second algorithm allows aircraft to solve conflicts when the traffic is not structured by a route network. The third algorithm creates temporary local route networks allowing to structure traffic. The three algorithms implemented in this multi-agent system allow to decrease overall traffic complexity, which becomes easier to manage by air traffic controllers. This algorithm was applied on realistic examples and was able to structure traffic in a resilient way
Schubert, Stephan. "Déréglementation, concentration et rivalité dans le transport aérien mondial de passagers." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131015.
Full textCordeil, Maxime. "Exploration et exploitation de l’espace de conception des transitions animées en visualisation d’information." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0044/document.
Full textData visualizations allow information to be transmitted to users. In order to explore and understand the data, it is often necessary for users to manipulate the display of this data. When manipulating the visualization, visual transitions are necessary to avoid abrupt changes in this visualization, and to allow the user to focus on the graphical object of interest. These visual transitions can be coded as an animation, or techniques that link the data across several displays. The first aim of this thesis was to examine the benefits and properties of animated transitions used to explore and understand large quantities of multidimensional data. In order to do so, we created a taxonomy of existing animated transitions. This taxonomy allowed us to identify that no animated transition currently exists that allows the user to control the direction of objects during the transition. We therefore proposed an animated transition that allows the user to have this control during the animation. In addition, we studied an animated transition technique that uses 3D rotation to transition between visualizations. We identified the advantages of this technique and propose an improvement to the current design. The second objective was to study the visual transitions used in the Air Traffic Control domain. Air Traffic Controllers use a number of visualizations to view vast information which is duplicated in several places: the Radar screen, the strip board, airplane lists (departures/arrivals) etc. Air traffic controllers perform visual transitions as they search between these different displays of information. We studied the way animations can be used in the Air Traffic Control domain by implementing a radar image prototype which combines three visualizations typically used by Air Traffic Controllers
Deschinkel, Karine. "Régulation du trafic aérien par optimisation dynamique des prix d'utilisation du réseau." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ESAE0009.
Full textChoub-Faha, CHRISTOPHE PÉGUY. "Emploi régional et trafic aérien de passagers au Canada : Une analyse de causalité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29557/29557.pdf.
Full textChoub-Faha, Christophe Péguy. "Emploi régional et trafic aérien de passagers au Canada : une analyse de causalité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23953.
Full textGirardet, Brunilde. "Trafic aérien : détermination optimale et globale des trajectoires d'avion en présence de vent." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0027/document.
Full textIn the context of the future Air Traffic Management system (ATM), one objective is to reduce the environmental impact of air traffic. With respect to this criterion, the “freeroute” concept, introduced in the mid 1990’s, is well suited to improve over nowadays airspace based ATM. Aircraft will no longer be restricted to fly along airways and may fly along fuel-optimal routes. The objective of this thesis is to introduce a novel pretactical trajectory planning methodology which aims at minimizing airspace congestion while taking into account weather conditions so as to minimize also fuel consumption.The development of the method was divided in two steps. The first step is dedicated to compute a time-optimal route for one aircraft taking into account wind conditions. This optimization is based on an adaptation of the Ordered Upwind Method on the sphere.The second step introduces a hybrid algorithm, based on simulated annealing and on the deterministic algorithm developed in the first step, in order to minimize congestion. Thus the algorithm combines the ability to reach a globally-optimal solution with a local-search procedure that speeds up the convergence
Hilali, Cherifa Haya. "Modèles de prévision du trafic aérien "passagers" : exemples d'application : la France et le Maroc." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020011.
Full textIn an attempt to rationalize their operations in order to improve their investments, airline companies increasingly use econometric methods and or models. These tools have been developed especially for passenger traffic which remains, despite grouth in freight traffic, the main part of their operations. The essential role palyed by forecasting in modern management has led us to be particularty interested in this tool for aviation decision matiers. This research has led to comprehend the hinge between econometric technics and the complexity of "the aviation world". Because of this fact we have explored these two fields endeavoring to go beyond their complexities. A descriptive analysis of the principle methodological problems encountered throughout a traffic forecast has allowed us to point out the different orientations that should be taken into account with priority. Our goal was to provide an alternative to the method already in use in morocco in order to propose a detailed econometric model which would be used within the framework of the real life of this country. From our research, we managed to come up with basis results which can be used for domestic moroccan air traffic forecasts, notably for better control of investments of the orientation of the commercial policies of this type of transportation. Regressions concerning france as well as morocco, permitted the. .
Boudes, Nicole. "L'anticipation dans le contrôle des environnements dynamiques : le cas du contrôle du trafic aérien." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20057.
Full textThis cognitive ergonomics research is part of an on-going effort to analyze time management in dynamic environments, which is an evolving domain. Its objective is to construct a cognitive model of anticipation in air traffic control, which could be used for decision support system design in this situation. Numerous studies have previously emphasized, on one hand the need for operators to anticipate the future development of the controlled environment so as to avoid the development of disturbances, and on the other hand, the complexity and the demand associated with this activity. The anticipation activity implies temporal information processing and concerns three dimensions: spontaneous evolutions, effects of actions, evolutions related to the team members' activity. In air traffic control, we analyzed the anticipation with interviews and written data gathered in a dynamic and realistic simulated control situation. We showed that anticipation depends on filtering strategies, which leads to some variations in the content of the anticipation range, according to the task objectives. Concerning the accuracy of the estimations, we studied the time horizon effects on the possibility for operators to anticipate the future positions of certain aircraft. Results showed some biases that were analyzed in relation to the operator's objectives and the characteristics of the task. The experimental study expressed the importance of the context in anticipation and its links with the whole set of cognitive activities. On the applied aspect, we got a better understanding of anticipation, which is a central activity in air traffic control, and that allowed us to consider the possibilities to use this knowledge in decision support system design
Barnier, Nicolas. "Application de la programmation par contraintes à des problèmes de gestion du trafic aérien." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT022H.
Full textNguyen-Duc, Minh. "Vers la conception participative de simulations sociales : application à la gestion du trafic aérien." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066032.
Full textFouemkeu, Norbert. "Modélisation de l’incertitude sur les trajectoires d’avions." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10217/document.
Full textIn this thesis we propose probabilistic and statistic models based on multidimensional data for forecasting uncertainty on aircraft trajectories. Assuming that during the flight, aircraft follows his 3D trajectory contained into his initial flight plan, we used all characteristics of flight environment as predictors to explain the crossing time of aircraft at given points on their planned trajectory. These characteristics are: weather and atmospheric conditions, flight current parameters, information contained into the flight plans and the air traffic complexity. Typically, in this study, the dependent variable is difference between actual time observed during flight and planned time to cross trajectory planned points: this variable is called temporal difference. We built four models using method based on partitioning recursive of the sample. The first called classical CART is based on Breiman CART method. Here, we use regression trees to build points typology of aircraft trajectories based on previous characteristics and to forecast crossing time of aircrafts on these points. The second model called amended CART is the previous model improved. This latter is built by replacing forecasting estimated by the mean of dependent variable inside the terminal nodes of classical CART by new forecasting given by multiple regression inside these nodes. This new model developed using Stepwise algorithm is parcimonious because for each terminal node it permits to explain the flight time by the most relevant predictors inside the node. The third model is built based on MARS (Multivariate adaptive regression splines) method. Besides continuity of the dependent variable estimator, this model allows to assess the direct and interaction effects of the explanatory variables on the crossing time on flight trajectory points. The fourth model uses boostrap sampling method. It’s random forests where for each bootstrap sample from the initial data, a tree regression model is built like in CART method. The general model forecasting is obtained by aggregating forecasting on the set of trees. Despite the overfitting observed on this model, it is robust and constitutes a solution against instability problem concerning regression trees obtained from CART method. The models we built have been assessed and validated using data test. Their using to compute the sector load forecasting in term to aircraft count entering the sector shown that, the forecast time horizon about 20 minutes with the interval time larger than 20 minutes, allowed to obtain forecasting with relative errors less than 10%. Among all these models, classical CART and random forests are more powerful. Hence, for regulator authority these models can be a very good help for managing the sector load of the airspace controlled
Cisse, Yahya Ibrahima. "Trafic aérien de passagers au Canada : analyse exploratoire d'un modèle origine-destination avec interactions spatiales." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26457.
Full textCathelain, Stéphane. "Contribution à la conception des systèmes coopératifs : application au domaine du contrôle de trafic aérien." Valenciennes, 2005. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/974efabc-d126-4b2c-a6b4-6fd32b4a7d5c.
Full textCooperative systems design needs the integration of some kinds of tools like the dynamic tasks allocation and support of cooperation and problems resolution activities. The interest of this work is the proposition of a design framework, as a starting point of a formal method, which integrates the different tools in a functional architecture based on the primordial concept of common workspace. The application to the air traffic control field showed the interest of this kind of architecture in the case of an organisation composed of two human operators and an automatic conflict resolution system. The first results shows a modification of human activities with a better anticipation, but it confirms the importance of human-machines interactions and assistances tools design because their utilisation cost must be negligible compared to their benefits
Prot, Damien. "Un nouveau système de trafic aérien à taux de conflits potentiels et consommation énergétique réduits." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0097.
Full textLn this Ph D, we propose the study of a new air traffic system, characterized by a high level of organization. Aircraft are compelled to follow immaterial moving points during their flight. These moving points are organized and sequenced in order to avoid conflicts between aircraft. We consider an underlying problem of this paradigm. It can be seen as a maximum independent set problem on an infinite graph under constraints. We first give theoretical results on this problem and make links with the colouration problem; then we propose resolution heuristics, leading to a global air traffic system. Finally, we develop these heuristics and expose numerical results
Debernard, Serge. "Contribution à la répartition dynamique de tâches entre opérateur et système automatisé : application au contrôle du trafic aérien." Valenciennes, 1993. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/455a1b3c-57c3-4994-98ff-5dec24c35a2d.
Full textPham, Duc-Thinh. "Prédiction de trajectoire et avis de résolution de conflits de trafic aérien basée sur l’apprentissage automatique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP027.
Full textThe increasing in traffic demand has strained air traffic control system and controllers which lead to the need of novel and efficient conflict detection and resolution advisory. In the scope of this thesis, we concentrate on studying challenges in conflict detection and resolution by using machine learning approaches. We have attempted to learn and predict controller behaviors from data using Random Forest. We also propose a novel approach for probabilistic conflict detection by using Heteroscedastic Gaussian Process as predictive models and Bayesian Optimization for probabilistic conflict detection algorithm. Finally, we propose an artificial intelligent agent that is capable of resolving conflicts, in the presence of traffic and uncertainty. The conflict resolution task is formulated as a decision-making problem in large and complex action space, which is applicable for employing reinforcement learning algorithm. Our work includes the development of a learning environment, scenario state representation, reward function, and learning algorithm. Machine learning methods have showed their advantages and potential in conflict detection and resolution related challenges. However, more studies would be conducted to improve their performances such as airspace network representation, multi-agent reinforcement learning or controller's strategy reconstruction from data
Guiost, Benoît. "Coopération homme-machine soutenue par un espace de travail commun : application au contrôle de trafic aérien." Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/85813850-cb37-4aaa-bda6-8311da6e9476.
Full textThe French services of the Air-Traffic Control system manage the whole of the aircraft which borrow the French airspace at a rate of two million and five hundred thousand flights in 2002. This load of traffic increasing by 3 to 5% per year. The issues of the research presented in this memory is to conceive a co-operative system able to aid the controllers to maintain an optimal security despite traffic increase. The issues of this research affect the definition of the assistance tool, of the functions allocation between operators and tool, and finally of the means making it possible these agents to effectively co-operate. This requires that human operators can control correctly situations to be managed; i. E. That the situation awareness is not reduced by the contribution of new tools. The research aimed in identification of the contents of a Common Workspace to support the co-operative activities of agents, and definition of the new assistant tool' know-how for problems resolution. Work consisted in modeling of the cognitive activities of two air-traffic controllers in co-operation situation. After the implementation on an experimental platform of these new concepts, an evaluation was carried out with professional controllers
Jacquemart, Damien. "Contributions aux méthodes de branchement multi-niveaux pour les évènements rares, et applications au trafic aérien." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S186/document.
Full textThe thesis deals with the design and mathematical analysis of reliable and accurate Monte Carlo methods in order to estimate the (very small) probability that a Markov process reaches a critical region of the state space before a deterministic final time. The underlying idea behind the multilevel splitting methods studied here is to design an embedded sequence of intermediate more and more critical regions, in such a way that reaching an intermediate region, given that the previous intermediate region has already been reached, is not so rare. In practice, trajectories are propagated, selected and replicated as soon as the next intermediate region is reached, and it is easy to accurately estimate the transition probability between two successive intermediate regions. The bias due to time discretization of the Markov process trajectories is corrected using perturbed intermediate regions as proposed by Gobet and Menozzi. An adaptive version would consist in the automatic design of the intermediate regions, using empirical quantiles. However, it is often difficult if not impossible to remember where (in which state) and when (at which time instant) did each successful trajectory reach the empirically defined intermediate region. The contribution of the thesis consists in using a first population of pilot trajectories to define the next threshold, in using a second population of trajectories to estimate the probability of exceeding this empirically defined threshold, and in iterating these two steps (definition of the next threshold, and evaluation of the transition probability) until the critical region is reached. The convergence of this adaptive two-step algorithm is studied in the asymptotic framework of a large number of trajectories. Ideally, the intermediate regions should be defined in terms of the spatial and temporal variables jointly (for example, as the set of states and times for which a scalar function of the state exceeds a time-dependent threshold). The alternate point of view proposed in the thesis is to keep intermediate regions as simple as possible, defined in terms of the spatial variable only, and to make sure that trajectories that manage to exceed a threshold at an early time instant are more replicated than trajectories that exceed the same threshold at a later time instant. The resulting algorithm combines importance sampling and multilevel splitting. Its preformance is evaluated in the asymptotic framework of a large number of trajectories, and in particular a central limit theorem is obtained for the relative approximation error
Wigetman, Robert. "Vers la conception du système Sieel : un tuteur intelligent pour le contrôle aérien." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30258.
Full textGuillouet, Brendan. "Apprentissage statistique : application au trafic routier à partir de données structurées et aux données massives." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30205/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on machine learning techniques for application to big data. We first consider trajectories defined as sequences of geolocalized data. A hierarchical clustering is then applied on a new distance between trajectories (Symmetrized Segment-Path Distance) producing groups of trajectories which are then modeled with Gaussian mixture in order to describe individual movements. This modeling can be used in a generic way in order to resolve the following problems for road traffic : final destination, trip time or next location predictions. These examples show that our model can be applied to different traffic environments and that, once learned, can be applied to trajectories whose spatial and temporal characteristics are different. We also produce comparisons between different technologies which enable the application of machine learning methods on massive volumes of data
Richard, Olivier. "Régulation court terme du trafic aérien et optimisation combinatoire : application de la méthode de génération de colonnes." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580414.
Full textLemoine, Marie-Pierre. "Coopération hommes-machines dans les procédés complexes : Modèles techniques et cognitifs pour le contrôle de trafic aérien." Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0821b192-7376-49d6-ba14-abc99ab0917a.
Full textAnnebicque, David. "Apport de l’aide à la décision à la coopération Homme-Machine : Application au contrôle du trafic aérien." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9907f088-e1d8-486f-92c9-dc2ea54e6c02.
Full textIn a context of high air traffic, which is constantly increasing, negotiations and exchanges that take place between air traffic controllers will become more and more difficult. The objectives of our work are thus to provide tools for sharing information between air traffic controllers, and proposing them an assistance tool for conflict resolution and a cooperative tool for decision-making taking into account the work habits of these controllers. An approach to identify the decision-making process of human operators (HOs), in order to provide cooperative tools to support decision-making process, is proposed. This approach consists of three steps. The first step is the description of decision-making process of HOs. This step is based on a division into three abstraction levels: strategic, tactical and operational. In a second step, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methodology (MCDM) is used to propose a field of investigation in order to construct the potential actions, criteria and preferences that the HOs manipulate. As the MCDM methodology does not suggest any application framework to collect these data, we propose to use a method of repertory grid which will guide the subject, that is to say HOs, in order to obtain maximum information and to determine their criteria and preferences. This is the objective of the third step of the method, which thus consists of a data collection. This method has been implemented with professional controllers from Reims and, by basing on analysis of all these data, new tools have been specified, and guidelines for their validations proposed
Hoang, Trung Tuyen. "Modélisation et optimisation de la prédictibilité et de la flexibilité du système de gestion de trafic aérien." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAM0017.
Full textThis thesis aims to model and optimise two components of the air traffic flow management system : predictibility and flexibility. This modelling is equivalent to establishing a relationship between the time window and the rate of arrival flights. Two approachs are used : the analysis of historical data and mathematical modeling. The analysis of historical data was used to establish the relationship between the time window and arrivla rate of flights. It provided the optimal time window but could not show how to modify the system to lead to that time window. Mathematical modeling can not only define the predictability and flexibility in the rigourous manner but also deal with different scenarios of fligths priorities. The combination of DC algorithm with classical methods like Branch and Bound has significantly improved the speed of convergence of solutions and therefore it can be used for the tactical phase of the air traffic flow management
Ben, Amor Soufian. "Percolation, prétopologie et multialéatoires, contributions à la modélisation des systèmes complexes : exemple du contrôle aérien." Paris, EPHE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE3001.
Full textA complex system is a system where the global behavior can not be deduced from the behavior of its components. In this thesis, we try to exhibit a common property in most complex systems which is the phenomenon of phase transition. This property allows us to make a link between complex systems and complexity theory. One of the possible reasons of complexity in such systems is randomness. Therefore, in this thesis we are particularly interested in studying complex systems where randomness and diffusion processes are important. At the theoretical level, we proposed a generalization of percolation processes in using pretopology theory. We also developed a mathematical model combining random sets an pretopology theory to study the spatial deformation of sets of elements in random media. At the application level we were interested in studying the congestion of the airspace. By combining a global system approach (Top-Down) and a component based approach (Bottom-Up), we reproduce the same behavior of the congestion dynamics. As a matter of fact, the phase transition is observed when the congestion rate reaches a realistic defined threshold. Finally, we proposed a model combining pretopology theory and random sets to be able to capture simultaneously the generality of the neighborhood concept and the statistical characteristics of a randomly distributed set of elements in the space from a morphological point of view. In the ATM context this is interpreted as the properties of the configuration of the congested areas in the airspace allowing to establish the laws of their underlying mechanisms
Delahaye, Daniel. "Optimisation de la sectorisation de l'espace aérien par algorithmes génétiques." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ESAE0009.
Full textQuesne, Muriel. "Nouvelles procédures de gestion du trafic aérien en Europe : Influence sur la consommation de carburant et la production d'émissions." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13020.
Full textCrevits, Igor. "Répartition dynamique de taches dans les procédés complexes. Modélisation de la répartition anticipée : application au contrôle de trafic aérien." Valenciennes, 1996. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8e4a1e03-64eb-4e69-9a03-f26c175ea950.
Full textVanderhaegen, Frédéric. "Coopération homme-machine multiniveau entre une équipe d'opérateurs humains et des outils d'assistance : Application au contrôle du trafic aérien." Valenciennes, 1993. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/219b0ca2-4e9a-4046-b496-fdc0c9720390.
Full textSchettini, Frédéric. "Fusion de données pour la surveillance du trafic et l'information des usagers." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ESAE0016.
Full textNguyen, Bang Giang. "Classification en espaces fonctionnels utilisant la norme BV avec applications aux images ophtalmologiques et à la complexité du trafic aérien." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2473/.
Full textIn this thesis, we deal with two different problems using Total Variation concept. The first problem concerns the classification of vasculitis in multiple sclerosis fundus angiography, aiming to help ophthalmologists to diagnose such autoimmune diseases. It also aims at determining potential angiography details in intermediate uveitis in order to help diagnosing multiple sclerosis. The second problem aims at developing new airspace congestion metric, which is an important index that is used for improving Air Traffic Management (ATM) capacity. In the first part of this thesis, we provide preliminary knowledge required to solve the above-mentioned problems. First, we present an overview of the Total Variation and express how it is used in our methods. Then, we present a tutorial on Support Vector Machines (SVMs) which is a learning algorithm used for classification and regression. In the second part of this thesis, we first provide a review of methods for segmentation and measurement of blood vessel in retinal image that is an important step in our method. Then, we present our proposed method for classification of retinal images. First, we detect the diseased region in the pathological images based on the computation of BV norm at each point along the centerline of the blood vessels. Then, to classify the images, we introduce a feature extraction strategy to generate a set of feature vectors that represents the input image set for the SVMs. After that, a standard SVM classifier is applied in order to classify the images. Finally, in the third part of this thesis, we address two applications of TV in the ATM domain. In the first application, based on the ideas developed in the second part, we introduce a methodology to extract the main air traffic flows in the airspace. Moreover, we develop a new airspace complexity indicator which can be used to organize air traffic at macroscopic level. This indicator is then compared to the regular density metric which is computed just by counting the number of aircraft in the airspace sector. The second application is based on a dynamical system model of air traffic. We propose a method for developing a new traffic complexity metric by computing the local vectorial total variation norm of the relative deviation vector field. Its aim is to reduce complexity. Three different traffic situations are investigated to evaluate the fitness of the proposed method
Cissé, Ismaëlh Ahmed. "Trafic aérien de passagers au Canada : une analyse exploratoire du modèle origine-destination de Transports Canada pour le marché intérieur." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25411.
Full textToru, Tuba. "Essais empiriques sur l'organisation industrielle du transport aérien." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0069.
Full textThis thesis examines three important issues in the air transport industry. The first chapter deals with the structural impacts and policy changes on the airline industry. A structural econometric model is used to analyse the extent to which the air traffic is affected by an increase in fuel prices and the proposal of the European Commission on the accession of air transport to the European Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS). An increase in energy costs implies an increase of air fares and a dec1ine in the levels of traffic. The EU-ETS could indeed significantly affect the level of aviation emissions while he should not radically change the competitiveness of European airlines. The second chapter analyzes the model of case of the airport in the framework of two-sided market. The airports of our database are not internalize externalities exist between the two parties. They use different price setting strategies for each side. We find the empirical evidence of profit maximization pricing for the passengers and the Ramsey prices for the airlines. The third chapter focuses on code sharing between airlines by a structural econometric model. The prices increase and the dec1ine in the consumer surplus after code sharing if it does not encourage the entry ofnew products. The parameter for the division of profits between partner airlines in a code-share agreement is estimated 91 percent mean that the operating carrier receives 91 percent of the profits of the sharing of the product code
Ouattara, Baba Ouinténi. "Contribution à l'analyse, l'évaluation et la mise en œuvre des nouveaux moyens de contrôle du trafic aérien : application à l'Afrique occidentale." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20023.
Full textIn the first part of this study, a state of the art about the current means and methods devoted to Air Traffic Control, specially considering the new navigation systems, is presented. Then the central concept of potential conflict is introduced and characterized geometrically. A probabilistic and a fuzzy logic approach are introduced to evaluate the criticity of a potential conflict. Then the analysis of different proposals to cope with the resolution of conflicts leads to develop a strategic resolution approach which seems more compatible with the on board delegation to solve conflicts. In the last part of this thesis, the consequences of the adoption of a partial delegation within an airspace characterized by a low density traffic with partial radar coverage, are upraised, showing by comparison with the current practice the clear interest for their adoption
Courteix-Kherouf, Sylvie. "Evolutions technico-organisationnelles et activité collective : la cellule dynamique de travail : cas de la maintenance opérationnelle des systèmes du trafic aérien." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20044.
Full textBillot, Romain. "Analyse et modélisation de l'impact de la météorologie sur le trafic routier." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557812.
Full textLeroux, Boris. "Fusion de données LiDAR et photographiques pour le géoréférencement direct d’un lever topographique par micro-drone aérien." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1024.
Full textWithin the development of systems dedicated to mobile mapping, spatial data production takes a growing part. For users, this spatial data is particularly interesting when computing digital models which are used to manage efficiently the resource, they are responsible for. To collect this data Hélicéo company especially offers an aerial solution which can embed a camera or a LiDAR sensor. Like every platforms dedicated to dynamic mapping, this system needs to geo-referencing the collected data in a coordinate reference frame.Most of the mobile mapping systems perform direct georeferencing using the trajectory determined from coupled GNSS receiver and inertial measurement unit (IMU). Even if this method is well known et operational for Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) and Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS), it is hard to transpose for lightweight platforms like drones which require special payloads.To suit this constrains, drones use Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) which are light, compact and require low power. However, the accuracy of the attitude computed from this MEMS sensors is degraded compared to the tactical sensors so that it does not correspond to the accuracy level expected for topographic surveys.The goal of our study was to establish and validate a new methodology based on a camera and visual odometry (VO) computing. This thesis describes the theoretical approach to compute attitude from images taken by a camera and how LiDAR points are georeferenced using GNSS receiver coupled to VO. In the second part, this thesis describes the different experiments and the process we follow to validate this method and the comparison with traditional GNSS/IMU method