Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Données de capteurs'
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Brulin, Damien. "Fusion de données multi-capteurs pour l'habitat intelligent." Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2066/document.
Full textThe smart home concept has been widely developed in the last years in order to propose solutions for twomain concerns : optimized energy management in building and help for in-home support for elderly people.In this context, the CAPTHOM project, in which this thesis is in line with, has been developed. To respondto these problems, many sensors, of different natures, are used to detect the human presence, to determinethe position and the posture of the person. In fact, no sensor can , alone, answers to all information justifyingthe development of a multi-sensor system and a data fusion method. In this project, the selected sensorsare passive infrared sensors (PIR), thermopiles and a video camera. No sensor is carried by the person(non invasive system). We propose a global architecture of intelligent sensor made of four fusion modulesallowing respectively to detect the human presence, to locate in 3D the person, to determine the posture andto help to make a decision according to the application. The human presence module fuses information ofthe three sensors : PIR sensors for the movement, thermopiles for the presence in case of immobility and thecamera to identify the detected entity. The 3D localisation of the person is realized thanks to position recedinghorizon estimation. This method, called Visual Receding Horizon Estimation (VRHE), formulates the positionestimation problem into an nonlinear optimisation problem under constraints in the image plane. The fusionmodule for the posture determination is based on fuzzy logic. It insures the posture determination regardlessof the person and the distance from the camera. Finally, the module to make a decision fuses the outputs of the preceding modules and gives the opportunity to launch alarms (elderly people monitoring) or to commandhome automation devices (lightning, heating) for the energy management of buildings
Alibay, Manu. "Fusion de données capteurs étendue pour applications vidéo embarquées." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0032/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with sensor fusion between camera and inertial sensors measurements in order to provide a robust motion estimation algorithm for embedded video applications. The targeted platforms are mainly smartphones and tablets. We present a real-time, 2D online camera motion estimation algorithm combining inertial and visual measurements. The proposed algorithm extends the preemptive RANSAC motion estimation procedure with inertial sensors data, introducing a dynamic lagrangian hybrid scoring of the motion models, to make the approach adaptive to various image and motion contents. All these improvements are made with little computational cost, keeping the complexity of the algorithm low enough for embedded platforms. The approach is compared with pure inertial and pure visual procedures. A novel approach to real-time hybrid monocular visual-inertial odometry for embedded platforms is introduced. The interaction between vision and inertial sensors is maximized by performing fusion at multiple levels of the algorithm. Through tests conducted on sequences with ground-truth data specifically acquired, we show that our method outperforms classical hybrid techniques in ego-motion estimation
Makhoul, Abdallah. "Réseaux de capteurs : localisation, couverture et fusion de données." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2025.
Full textThis thesis tackles the problems of localization, coverage and data fusion in randomly deployed sensor networks. First, we introduce a novel approach for node's localization. It is based on a single mobile beacon aware of its positions. Sensor nodes receiving beacon packets will be able to locate themselves. The mobile beacon follows a defined Hilbert curve. On the other hand, we exploit the localization phase to construct sets of active nodes that ensure as much as possible the zone coverage. To optimize the energy consumption, we construct disjoint sets of active nodes such that only one of them is active at any moment, while ensuring at the same time both the network connectivity and the area coverage. We present and study four different scheduling methods. Ln a third step, we study the problem of data fusion in sensor networks in particular the" average consensus" problem. It allows the nodes of a sensor network to track the average of n sensor measurements. To compute the average, we propose an iterative asynchronous algorithm that is robust to the dynamic topology changes and the loss of messages. To show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, we conducted series of simulations based on OMNet++
Gürgen, Levent. "Gestion à grande échelle de données de capteurs hétérogènes." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0093.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the issues related to scalable management of heterogeneous sensor data. Ln fact, sensors are becoming less and less expensive, more and more numerous and heterogeneous. This naturally raises the scalability problem and the need for integrating data gathered from heterogeneous sensors. We propose a distributed and service-oriented architecture in which data processing tasks are distributed at severallevels in the architecture. Data management functionalities are provided in terms of "services", in order to hide sensor heterogeneity behind generic services. We equally deal with system management issues in sensor farms, a subject not yet explored in this context
Mathieu, Jean. "Intégration de données temps-réel issues de capteurs dans un entrepôt de données géo-décisionnel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28019/28019.pdf.
Full textIn the last decade, the use of sensors for measuring various phenomenons has greatly increased. As such, we can now make use of sensors to measure GPS position, temperature and even the heartbeats of a person. Nowadays, the wide diversity of sensor makes them the best tools to gather data. Along with this effervescence, analysis tools have also advanced since the creation of transactional databases, leading to a new category of tools, analysis systems (Business Intelligence (BI)), which respond to the need of the global analysis of the data. Data warehouses and OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing) tools, which belong to this category, enable users to analyze big volumes of data, execute time-based requests and build statistic graphs in a few simple mouse clicks. Although the various types of sensor can surely enrich any analysis, such data requires heavy integration processes to be driven into the data warehouse, centerpiece of any decision-making process. The different data types produced by sensors, sensor models and ways to transfer such data are even today significant obstacles to sensors data streams integration in a geo-decisional data warehouse. Also, actual geo-decisional data warehouses are not initially built to welcome new data on a high frequency. Since the performances of a data warehouse are restricted during an update, new data is usually added weekly, monthly, etc. However, some data warehouses, called Real-Time Data Warehouses (RTDW), are able to be updated several times a day without letting its performance diminish during the process. But this technology is not very common, very costly and in most of cases considered as "beta" versions. Therefore, this research aims to develop an approach allowing to publish and normalize real-time sensors data streams and to integrate it into a classic data warehouse. An optimized update strategy has also been developed so the frequent new data can be added to the analysis without affecting the data warehouse performances.
Valade, Aurelien. "Capteurs intelligents : quelles méthodologies pour la fusion de données embarquées ?" Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0007/document.
Full textThe work detailed in this document is the result of a collaborative effort of the LAAS-CNRS in Toulouse and MEAS-France / TE Connectivity during a period of three years.The goal here is to develop a methodology to design smart embedded sensors with the ability to estimate physical parameters based on multi-physical data fusion. This strategy tends to integrate sensors technologies, currently dedicated to lab measurements, in low powered embedded systems working in imperfects environments. After exploring model oriented methods, parameters estimations and Kalman filters, we detail various existing solutions upon which we can build a valid response to multi-physical data fusion problematics, for linear systems with the Kalman Filter, and for non-linear systems with the Extended Kalman Filter and the Unscented Kalman Filter.Then, we will synthesize a filter for hybrid systems, having a linear evolution model and a non-linear measurement model. For example, using the best of the two worlds in order to obtain the best complexity/precision ratio. Once we selected the estimation method, we detail computing power and algorithm complexity problematics in order to find available optimizations we can use to assess the usability of our system in a low power environment. Then we present the developed methodology application to the UQS sensor, sold by TE Connectivity, study case. This sensor uses near infra-red spectroscopy to determine the urea concentration in a urea/water solution, in order to control the nitrogen-oxyde depolluting process in gasoline engines. After a design principles presentation, we detail the model we created in order to represent the system, to simulate its behavior and to combine the measurement data to extract the desired concentration. During this step, we focus on the obstacles of our model calibration and the deviation compensation, due toworking conditions or to components aging process. Based on this development, we finally designed the hybrid models addressing the nominal working cases and the model re-calibration during the working duration of the product. After this, we presented obtained results, on simulated data, and on real-world measured data. Finally, we enhanced the methodology based on tabulated “black box” models which are easier to calibrate and cheaper to process. In conclusion, we reapplied our methodology to a different motion capture sensor, to compile all possible solutions and limits
Fan, Qingfeng. "Stratégie de transfert de données dans les grilles de capteurs." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0012.
Full textBig data era is coming, and the amount of data increases dramatically in many application fields every day. This thesis mostly focuses on the big data transmission strategy for query optimization in Grid infrastructure. Firstly, we discuss over file degree: the ring and thread replication strategy, and under file degree: the file-parted replication strategy to improve the efficiency of Data Grid. We also tackle the data packets degree using multicast data transfer within a Sensor Grid, which is widely utilized in the in-network query operation. The system comprehensively considers the location factor and data factor, and combines them in a general weighted vector. In a third stage, we extended our model to account for the energy factor to deal with wireless sensor grids, which corresponds to a 3 vectors correlation problem. We show that our approach can be extended further to any finite-dimensional factors. The last part deals with the mobile context, i. E. When users and the queried resources are mobile. We proposed an extension of the semantic cache based optimization for such mobile distributed queries. In this context, the query optimization depends, not only on the cache size and its freshness, but also on the mobility of the user
Belfkih, Abderrahmen. "Contraintes temporelles dans les bases de données de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0014/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in adding real-time constraints in the Wireless Sensor Networks Database (WSNDB). Temporal consistency in WSNDB must be ensured by respecting the transaction deadlines and data temporal validity, so that sensor data reflect the current state of the environment. However, delays of transmission and/or reception in a data collection process can lead to not respect the data temporal validity. A database solution is most appropriate, which should coincide with the traditional database aspects with sensors and their environment. For this purpose, the sensor in WSN is considered as a table in a distributed database, which applied transactions (queries, updates, etc.). Transactions in a WSNDB require modifications to take into account of the continuous datastream and real-time aspects. Our contribution in this thesis focus on three parts: (i) a comparative study of temporal properties between a periodic data collection based on a remote database and query processing approach with WSNDB, (ii) the proposition of a real-time query processing model, (iii) the implementation of a real time WSNDB, based on the techniques described in the second contribution
Ricquebourg, Vincent. "Fusion de données crédibilistes dans le cadre de l'intelligence ambiante." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/79b899ff-3a94-4816-9d5e-50754ef406c4.
Full textThe Smart Home concept aims at providing contextualized services to its inhabitants. Based on a heterogeneous sensors domestic network, this new kind of Smart Home deduces the most adapted action to realize with sensory data interpretation. The first problem concerns the strong heterogeneity in the sensor domain: sensors have their own hardware and software features, and their communication standards are poorly standardised. In this thesis, our interest is the context modelling and we propose a service oriented software architecture combining complementary and/or redundant sensors. We use the Transferable Belief Model (TBM) to merge sensor data and to take into account the uncertain nature of information. This model is a variant of the Dempster-Shafer theory. The sensors reliability is taken into account during the merging process to weight a failing sensor. A sensor failure can prevent context data building. The sensor reliability is estimated with a pairwise sensor fusion. The temporal conflict analysis allows detection and identification of a failing sensor. We present a second method aiming at detecting temporal behaviour drift. A TBM fusion between a predicted symbolic state and the observed symbolic state provided by the sensor is achieved. The predicted symbolic state estimation is based on a known model of behaviour. The temporal conflict analysis allows detecting behaviour drifts. Finally, we present a case study where the previous approaches are implemented in cascade in order to detect a falling person
Aby, Affoua Thérèse. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil étendus dédiés aux collectes de données environnementales." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22671/document.
Full textWireless sensor networks are used in many environmental monitoring applications (e.g., to monitor forest fires or volcanoes). In such applications, sensor nodes have a limited quantity of energy, but must operate for years without having their batteries changed. The main mechanism used to allow nodes to save energy is to sequence periods of activity and inactivity. However, the design of MAC and routing protocols for applications with low duty-cycle is still a challenge. In this thesis, we proposed unsynchronized MAC and routing protocols for wireless sensor networks devoted to environmental monitoring applications. The main specificity of our protocols is that they are adapted to very low duty-cycle (less than 1 % for all nodes). Our protocols are analyzed and compared to existing protocols by simulation and experimentation on TelosB nodes. Despite this low duty-cycle for all nodes, our protocols are able to achieve good performance, unlike other protocols in the literature, which are not adapted to these extreme conditions
Ballet, Éric. "Fusion de données issues de capteurs d'imagerie multimodalité : application en exploration thyroïdienne." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10159.
Full textGutierrez, Rodriguez Claudia. "Qualité des données capteurs pour les systèmes de surveillance de phénomènes environnementaux." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0032/these.pdf.
Full textNowadays, emerging applications in the geographic domain increasingly explore geolocalized information provided by sensors, specially for crisis management, real-time vehicle management, urban or environmental risks management, etc. More particularly, the use of sensors in the surveillance domain, specially environmental surveillance (i. E. , floodings, avalanches, volcanoes. . . ), allow a simpler interpretation of the real world. In the meanwhile, the great volume of data coming from these sensors, at variable frequency and positions, acquired in hostile environments with limited battery and communication power turn the data imprecise and uncertain. We have thus a problem regarding the quality of the data provided by these sensors. This research work proposed in this thesis raise the challenge of real-time sensor data quality, in order to help users in the decision making during critical situations. This being, we propose a methodology for the definition, evaluation and communication of sensor data quality. This methodology is inspired by existent methodologies dealing with data quality in different domains and is structured in three phases (the definition, the evaluation and the communication). This methodology, differently from existent methodologies in the information systems domain, needed the specification of sensor data characteristics linked to data quality. The evaluation of the quality, in the core of the methodology, takes into account the acquisition context factors and treatment that can impact the data quality, as well as the metadata management and the evaluation of multi-criterion quality in real-time. The proposed methodology is supported by a visualization prototype called MoSDaQ (Monitoring Sensor Data Quality) that allows us to visualize via web the data provided by environmental observations, together with information related to the data quality in real-time
Izri-Lahleb, Sonia. "Architecture de fusion de données pour le suivi dynamique de véhicules." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0603.
Full textChiky, Raja. "Résumé de flux de données ditribués." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005137.
Full textPottier, Claire. "Combinaison multi-capteurs de données de couleur de l'eau : application en océanographie opérationnelle." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179729.
Full textL'intérêt d'utiliser des données combinées a été montré à travers la mise en évidence des modes de variabilité dominants de la dynamique océanographique et biologique dans l'Océan Austral, en utilisant les données combinées SeaWiFS + MODIS/Aqua de la ceinture circumpolaire pour la période 2002-2006.
Moustafa, Harb Hassan. "Gestion efficace de données et couverture dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2020/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose energy-efficient data management techniques dedicated to periodic sensor networks based on clustering architecture. First, we propose to adapt sensor sampling rate to the changing dynamics of the monitored condition using one-way ANOVA model and statistical tests (Fisher, Tukey and Bartlett), while taking into account the residual energy of sensor. The second objective is to eliminate redundant data generated in each cluster. At the sensor level, each sensor searches the similarity between readings collected at each period and among successive periods, based on the sets similarity functions. At the CH level, we use distance functions to allow CH to eliminate redundant data sets generated by neighboring nodes. Finally, we propose two sleep/active strategies for scheduling sensors in each cluster, after searching the spatio-temporal correlation between sensor nodes. The first strategy uses the set covering problem while the second one takes advantages from the correlation degree and the sensors residual energies for scheduling nodes in the cluster. To evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques, simulations on real sensor data have been conducted. We have analyzed their performances according to energy consumption, data latency and accuracy, and area coverage, and we show how our techniques can significantly improve the performance of sensor networks
Fotue, Fotso David Bertrand. "Agrégation et routage efficace de données dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fils." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0066/document.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained much attention in a large range of technical fields such as industrial, military, environmental monitoring etc. Sensors are powered by batteries, which are not easy to replace in harsh environments. The energy stored by each sensor is the greatest impediment for increasing WSN lifetime. Since data transmission consumes more energy, our major concern is how to efficiently transmit the data from all sensors towards a sink. We suggest three tree-based data aggregation algorithms: Depth-First Search Aggregation (DFSA), Flooding Aggregation (FA) and Well-Connected Dominating Set Aggregation (WCDSA) to reduce the number of transmissions from each sensor towards the sink. Tree-based data aggregation suffers from increased data delivery time because the parents must wait for the data from their leaves. Some parents might have many leaves, making it very expensive for a parent to store all incoming data in its buffer. We need to determine the aggregation time each parent in the tree has to spend in aggregating and processing the data from its leaves. We propose an Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time (ETAPT) algorithm using Appropriate Data Aggregation and Processing Time (ADAPT) metric. Given the maximum acceptable latency, ETAPT's algorithm takes into account the position of parents, their number of leaves and the depth of the tree, in order to compute an optimal ADAPT time. At any time, the amount of data aggregated by parents may become greater than the amount of data that can be forwarded. We propose the introduction into the network of many data aggregators called Mini-Sinks (MSs). MSs are mobile and move according to a random mobility model inside the sensor field to maintain the fully-connected network in order to aggregate the data based on the controlled Multipath Energy Conserving Routing Protocol (MECRP). Sensors may use many radio interfaces sharing a single wireless channel, which they may use to communicate with several neighbours. Two sensors operating on the same wireless channel may interfere with each other during the transmission of data. We need to know which channel to use in the presence of multiple channels for a given transmission. We propose a distributed Well-Connected Dominating Set Channel Assignment (WCDS-CA) approach, in which the number of channels that are needed over all sensor nodes in the network in such a way that adjacent sensor nodes are assigned to distinct channels
Fotue, Fotso David Bertrand. "Agrégation et routage efficace de données dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fils." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0066.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained much attention in a large range of technical fields such as industrial, military, environmental monitoring etc. Sensors are powered by batteries, which are not easy to replace in harsh environments. The energy stored by each sensor is the greatest impediment for increasing WSN lifetime. Since data transmission consumes more energy, our major concern is how to efficiently transmit the data from all sensors towards a sink. We suggest three tree-based data aggregation algorithms: Depth-First Search Aggregation (DFSA), Flooding Aggregation (FA) and Well-Connected Dominating Set Aggregation (WCDSA) to reduce the number of transmissions from each sensor towards the sink. Tree-based data aggregation suffers from increased data delivery time because the parents must wait for the data from their leaves. Some parents might have many leaves, making it very expensive for a parent to store all incoming data in its buffer. We need to determine the aggregation time each parent in the tree has to spend in aggregating and processing the data from its leaves. We propose an Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time (ETAPT) algorithm using Appropriate Data Aggregation and Processing Time (ADAPT) metric. Given the maximum acceptable latency, ETAPT's algorithm takes into account the position of parents, their number of leaves and the depth of the tree, in order to compute an optimal ADAPT time. At any time, the amount of data aggregated by parents may become greater than the amount of data that can be forwarded. We propose the introduction into the network of many data aggregators called Mini-Sinks (MSs). MSs are mobile and move according to a random mobility model inside the sensor field to maintain the fully-connected network in order to aggregate the data based on the controlled Multipath Energy Conserving Routing Protocol (MECRP). Sensors may use many radio interfaces sharing a single wireless channel, which they may use to communicate with several neighbours. Two sensors operating on the same wireless channel may interfere with each other during the transmission of data. We need to know which channel to use in the presence of multiple channels for a given transmission. We propose a distributed Well-Connected Dominating Set Channel Assignment (WCDS-CA) approach, in which the number of channels that are needed over all sensor nodes in the network in such a way that adjacent sensor nodes are assigned to distinct channels
Kmiotek, Pawel. "Fusion multi-capteurs pour la représentation et le suivi des objets dynamiques." Phd thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608155.
Full textMeyer, Michel. "Validation de données sur des systèmes incomplètement observés." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT032G.
Full textLe, Hung-Cuong. "Optimisation d'accès au médium et stockage de données distribuées dans les réseaux de capteurs." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2052.
Full textWireless sensor network is a very hot research topic tendency for the last few years. This technology can be applied into different domains as environment, industry, commerce, medicine, military etc. Depending on the application type, the problems and requirements might be different. In this thesis, we are interested in two major problems: the medium access control and the distributed data storage. The document is divided to two parts where the first part is a state of the art of different existing works and the second part describes our contribution. In the first contribution, we have proposed two MAC protocols. The first one optimizes the wireless sensor networks lifetime for surveillance applications and the second one reduces the transmission latency in event-driven wireless sensor networks for critical applications. In the second contribution, we have worked with several data storage models in wireless sensor network and we focus on the data-centric storage model. We have proposed a clustering structure for sensors to improve the routing and reduce the number of transmissions in order to prolong the network lifetime
Nguyen, Van Khang. "Détection et agrégation d'anomalies dans les données issues des capteurs placés dans des smartphones." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLL021/document.
Full textMobile and wireless networks have developed enormously over the recent years. Far from being restricted to industrialized countries, these networks which require a limited fixed infrastructure, have also imposed in emerging countries and developing countries. Indeed, with a relatively low structural investment as compared to that required for the implementation of a wired network, these networks enable operators to offer a wide coverage of the territory with a network access cost (price of devices and communications) quite acceptable to users. Also, it is not surprising that today, in most countries, the number of wireless phones is much higher than landlines. This large number of terminals scattered across the planet is an invaluable reservoir of information that only a tiny fraction is exploited today. Indeed, by combining the mobile position and movement speed, it becomes possible to infer the quality of roads or road traffic. On another level, incorporating a thermometer and / or hygrometer in each terminal, which would involve a ridiculous large-scale unit cost, these terminals could serve as a relay for more reliable local weather. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to study and analyze the opportunities offered by the use of data from mobile devices to offer original solutions for the treatment of these big data, emphasizing on optimizations (fusion, aggregation, etc.) that can be performed as an intermediate when transferred to center(s) for storage and processing, and possibly identify data which are not available now on these terminals but could have a strong impact in the coming years. A prototype including a typical sample application will validate the different approaches
Sardouk, Ahmad. "Agrégation de données dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil à base d'agents coopératifs." Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0013.
Full textThe main role of Wireless Sensor Network is to collect information from the environment by a high number of Sensor Nodes (SNs). The SNs have a lifetime limited by their batteries. Hence, SNs that ran out of battery will be out of the network and may create serious network partitioning and information loss problems. Thus, in order to maximize the WSN lifetime, it is important to minimize the power consumption of each SN and better manage the consumption of nodes that are in critical positions of the network. As the radio communication is the main power consumer, we propose a multi-agent based data aggregation solution, which reduces the amount of communicated information and hence reduces the power consumption of the SNs. We propose to implement in each node an agent that manages optimally the SN, processes locally its information and estimates their importance. The implemented agents cooperate together to eliminate the inter-SN redundancy and the useless information and to create a message summarizing the network’s important information. The agent manages the power consumption of each node according to its position in the network, the nodes density in its coverage zone, its residual battery and the importance of its current information. This management aims to balance the power consumption of the SNs and to maximize the life-time of SNs in critical positions to avoid the network partitioning
Roquel, Arnaud. "Exploitation du conflit entre capteurs pour la gestion d'un système complexe multi-capteurs." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804661.
Full textSaguin-Sprynski, Nathalie. "Reconstruction de courbes et surfaces à partir de données tangentielles." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10108.
Full textMicro-sensors developed at the LETI (like microaccelerometers or micromagnetometers) are able to give some information about their orientation. So if we put an array of sensors on a object, they will give data about the local tangency of the object. This work consists in reconstructing the shape of the object thanks to these sensors information. The shape can be a curve lying in a plane, or a space curve, and then a surface. Then we propose the motion capture of a shape in deformation, i. E. We will equip a curve or a surface with sensors, make movements and deformations with it, and reconstruct it in the same time via data from sensors. There is a lot of applications (medical, aeronautic, multimedia, hobbyist - do -it - yourself applications), and some materials will be experimented in the same time to test and validate these algorithms
Smaili, Cherif. "Fusion de données multi-capteurs à l'aide d'un réseau bayésien pour l'estimation d'état d'un véhicule." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551833.
Full textBoudoin, Pierre. "L'interaction 3D adaptative : une approche basée sur les méthodes de traitement de données multi-capteurs." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553369.
Full textSamain, Olivier. "Fusion multi-capteurs de données satellitaires optiques pour la restitution de variables biophysiques de surface." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30035.
Full textThis work aims at improving the determination of surface biophysical parameters, such as albedo, leaf area index or fraction of vegetation cover, by combining data from different wide field optical sensors like VEGETATION, MERIS, AVHRR, or POLDER. The multi-sensor fusion requires the application of a spectral normalization to compensate the spectral responses of the different sensors, which is validated with airborne hyperspectral measurements and MERIS and VEGETATION datasets. The fusion of measurements at different spatial resolutions is based on the use of a Kalman filter for the downscaling of the low resolution data. The latter also gives the possibility to deliver continuous products, contrarily to standard regressions methods that are limited in the case of cloud coverage
Seba, Ali. "Fusion de données capteurs visuels et inertiels pour l'estimation de la pose d'un corps rigide." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS020V/document.
Full textAbstractThis thesis addresses the problems of pose estimation of a rigid body moving in 3D space by fusing data from inertial and visual sensors. The inertial measurements are provided from an I.M.U. (Inertial Measurement Unit) composed by accelerometers and gyroscopes. Visual data are from cameras, which positioned on the moving object, provide images representative of the perceived visual field. Thus, the implicit measure directions of fixed lines in the space of the scene from their projections on the plane of the image will be used in the attitude estimation. The approach was first to address the problem of measuring visual sensors after a long sequence using the characteristics of the image. Thus, a line tracking algorithm has been proposed based on optical flow of the extracted points and line matching approach by minimizing the Euclidean distance. Thereafter, an observer in the SO(3) space has been proposed to estimate the relative orientation of the object in the 3D scene by merging the data from the proposed lines tracking algorithm with Gyro data. The observer gain was developed using a Kalman filter type M.E.K.F. (Multiplicative Extended Kalman Filter). The problem of ambiguity in the sign of the measurement directions of the lines was considered in the design of the observer. Finally, the estimation of the relative position and the absolute velocity of the rigid body in the 3D scene have been processed. Two observers were proposed: the first one is an observer cascaded with decoupled from the estimation of the attitude and position estimation. The estimation result of the attitude observer feeds a nonlinear observer using measurements from the accelerometers in order to provide an estimate of the relative position and the absolute velocity of the rigid body. The second observer, designed directly in SE (3) for simultaneously estimating the position and orientation of a rigid body in 3D scene by fusing inertial data (accelerometers, gyroscopes), and visual data using a Kalman filter (M.E.K.F.). The performance of the proposed methods are illustrated and validated by different simulation results
Sandu, Popa Iulian. "Modélisation, interrogation et indexation de données de capteurs à localisation mobile dans un réseau routier." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0015.
Full textNew technologies such as GPS, sensors and ubiquitous computing are pervading our society. The movement of people and vehicles may be sensed and recorded, thus producing large volumes of mobility data. The state-of-the-art database management systems fail to handle such complex data and their processing. This thesis addresses the problem of managing mobile location sensor data. We analyze the limitations of existing work in modeling, querying and indexing moving objects with sensors on road networks. Then, we propose new solutions to deal with these limitations. The main contributions of the thesis are a data model and a query language for moving sensor data, and an access method for in-network trajectories of moving objects. We have implemented these proposals as a spatio-temporal database management system extension and evaluated them
Zendjebil, Iman mayssa. "Localisation 3D basée sur une approche de suppléance multi-capteurs pour la réalité augmentée mobile en milieu extérieur." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EVRY0024/document.
Full textThe democratization of mobile devices such as smartphones, PDAs or tablet-PCs makes it possible to use Augmented Reality systems in large scale environments. However, in order to implement such systems, many issues must be adressed. Among them, 3D localization is one of the most important. Indeed, the estimation of the position and orientation (also called pose) of the viewpoint (of the camera or the user) allows to register the virtual objects over the visible part of the real world. In this paper, we present an original localization system for large scale environments which uses a markerless vision-based approach to estimate the camera pose. It relies on natural feature points extracted from images. Since this type of method is sensitive to brightness changes, occlusions and sudden motion which are likely to occur in outdoor environment, we use two more sensors to assist the vision process. In our work, we would like to demonstrate the feasibility of an assistance scheme in large scale outdoor environment. The intent is to provide a fallback system for the vision in case of failure as well as to reinitialize the vision system when needed. The complete localization system aims to be autonomous and adaptable to different situations. We present here an overview of our system, its performance and some results obtained from experiments performed in an outdoor environment under real conditions
Matta, Natalie. "Vers une gestion décentralisée des données des réseaux de capteurs dans le contexte des smart grids." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0010/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the decentralized management of data collected by wireless sensor networks which are deployed in a smart grid, i.e. the evolved new generation electricity network. It proposes a decentralized architecture based on multi-agent systems for both data and energy management in the smart grid. In particular, our works deal with data management of sensor networks which are deployed in the distribution electric subsystem of a smart grid. They aim at answering two key challenges: (1) detection and identification of failure and disturbances requiring swift reporting and appropriate reactions; (2) efficient management of the growing volume of data caused by the proliferation of sensors and other sensing entities such as smart meters. The management of this data can call upon several methods, including the aggregation of data packets on which we focus in this thesis. To this end, we propose to aggregate (PriBaCC) and/or to correlate (CoDA) the contents of these data packets in a decentralized manner. Data processing will thus be done faster, consequently leading to rapid and efficient decision-making concerning energy management. The validation of our contributions by means of simulation has shown that they meet the identified challenges. It has also put forward their enhancements with respect to other existing approaches, particularly in terms of reducing data volume as well as transmission delay of high priority data
Merino, Laso Pedro. "Détection de dysfonctionements et d'actes malveillants basée sur des modèles de qualité de données multi-capteurs." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0056/document.
Full textNaval systems represent a strategic infrastructure for international commerce and military activity. Their protection is thus an issue of major importance. Naval systems are increasingly computerized in order to perform an optimal and secure navigation. To attain this objective, on board vessel sensor systems provide navigation information to be monitored and controlled from distant computers. Because of their importance and computerization, naval systems have become a target for hackers. Maritime vessels also work in a harsh and uncertain operational environments that produce failures. Navigation decision-making based on wrongly understood anomalies can be potentially catastrophic.Due to the particular characteristics of naval systems, the existing detection methodologies can't be applied. We propose quality evaluation and analysis as an alternative. The novelty of quality applications on cyber-physical systems shows the need for a general methodology, which is conceived and examined in this dissertation, to evaluate the quality of generated data streams. Identified quality elements allow introducing an original approach to detect malicious acts and failures. It consists of two processing stages: first an evaluation of quality; followed by the determination of agreement limits, compliant with normal states to identify and categorize anomalies. The study cases of 13 scenarios for a simulator training platform of fuel tanks and 11 scenarios for two aerial drones illustrate the interest and relevance of the obtained results
Pamba, Capo-Chichi Medetonhan Shambhalla Eugène William. "Conception d’une architecture hiérarchique de réseau de capteurs pour le stockage et la compression de données." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2031.
Full textRecent advances in various aeras related to micro-electronics, computer science and wireless networks have resulted in the development of new research topics. Sensor networks are one of them. The particularity of this new research direction is the reduced performances of nodes in terms of computation, memory and energy. The purpose of this thesis is the definition of a new hierarchical architecture of sensor networks usable in different contexts by taking into account the sensors constraints and providing a high quality data such as multimedia to the end-users. We present our hierachical architecture with different nodes and the wireless technologies that connect them. Because of the high consumtpionof data transmission, we have developped two data compression algortithms in order to optimize the use of the channel by reducing data transmitted. We also present a solution for storing large amount of data on nodes by integrating the file system FAT16 under TinyOS-2. X
Camarda, Federico. "Fusion de données multi-capteurs pour la détection des bords de voie appliquée au véhicule autonome." Thesis, Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2673.
Full textPerception and correct understanding of the road scene is crucial for any application of assisted and automated driving. In order to guarantee safety of the passenger and other road users, planning and navigation must be made on the basis of a reliable environment representation. Multi-sensor data and prior information is used to build this representation which incorporates identification of road users and road structure. For the latter, the focus is put on the drivablespace and lane repartition. On highways, urban streets and generally all over the road network, the drivable space is organized in oriented corridors which enablesafer and predictable navigation for everyone. In the development of intelligentvehicles, identifying the lane repartition and building an accurate road representation outlines the lane boundaries detection task. Depending on the specifics of the target automated system, car manufacturers integrate in currently commercialized vehicles ready-to-use lane detection solutions from Tier-1 suppliers generally featuring single and vision-based smart sensors. Such solutions may not be adequate in highly automated systems where the driver is allowed to divert their attention from the driving task and become passenger. This thesis addresses the problem of lane boundaries identification relying on multi-sensor fusion of smart camera data (specifically, frontal and AVM cameras) and HD-maps. In the first part, an appropriate modeling for smart sensor measurements which is independent from the sensor nature is proposed. Uncertain detections of markings, barriers and other road elements contribute to the tracking of the surrounding lane boundaries using a novel clothoid-spline model. The second part focuses on the integration of prior information coming from digital maps. Similarly to the modeling of smart sensors, the involved uncertainties in the usage of map-providers have been taken into account to support the lane boundaries estimation. For the testing of the proposed approaches, a custom dataset of road data has been recorded using both off-the-shelf smart sensors and live streamed HD-maps. Validated and tuned tracking solutions are then integrated in close-loop experimentations on Renault prototype vehicle of SAE Level 3 of automation
La percezione e la corretta comprensione della scena stradale e fondamentale per qualsiasi applicazione di guida assistita e automatizzata. Per garantire la sicurezza del passeggero e degli altri utenti della strada, la pianificazione e la navigazione devono essere effettuate sulla base di una rappresentazione affidabile dell’ambiente. Dati di origine multi-sensore e informazioni disponibili a priori sono utilizzati per costruire questa rappresentazione che incorpora l’identificazione degli utenti della strada e la struttura della strada stessa. Per quest’ultima, l’attenzione e posta sullo spazio percorribile e sulla ripartizione in corsie. Sulle autostrade, le strade urbane e in generale su tutta la rete stradale, lo spazio percorribile e organizzato in corridoi orientati che permettono una navigazione piu sicura e prevedibile per tutti. Nello sviluppo di veicoli intelligenti, l’identificazione della ripartizione in corsie e la costruzione di una rappresentazione accurata della strada delinea il compito di rilevamento dei confini delle corsie o lane boundaries detection. A seconda delle specifiche del sistema automatizzato di destinazione, le case automobilistiche integrano nei veicoli attualmente commercializzati soluzioni di rilevamento di corsia pronte all’uso da fornitori Tier-1, generalmente composte di singoli sensori intelligenti e basate sulla visione computerizzata. Tali soluzioni potrebbero non essere adeguate in sistemi altamente automatizzati dove al guidatore e permesso di distogliere l’attenzione dal compito di guida e di diventare passeggero. Questa tesi di dottorato affronta il problema dell’identificazione dei limiti di corsia basandosi sulla fusione multi-sensore di dati provenienti da telecamere intelligenti (in particolare, telecamere frontali e AVM) e mappe HD. Nella prima parte, viene proposta una modellazione appropriata per le misure dei sensori intelligenti che e indipendente dalla natura del sensore. I rilevamenti incerti di marcature, barriere e altri elementi stradali contribuiscono alla stima dei limiti delle corsie circostanti utilizzando un nuovo modello di spline di clotoidi. La seconda parte si concentra sull’integrazione di informazioni provenienti da mappe digitali. Analogamente alla modellazione dei sensori intelligenti, le incertezze coinvolte nell’uso di map-providers sono state prese in considerazione per supportare l’identificazione dei limiti di corsia. Per testare gli approcci proposti, e stato registrato un dataset personalizzato di dati stradali utilizzando sia sensori intelligenti off-the-shelf che mappe HD in live streaming. Le soluzioni di tracking convalidate e correttamente regolate sono poi integrate in sperimentazioni a circuito chiuso su un veicolo prototipo Renault di livello 3 di automazione SAE
Bezet, Olivier. "Etude de la qualité temporelle des données dans un système distribué pour la fusion multi-capteurs." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1586.
Full textThe research work depicted in this thesis concerns the multi-sensor data fusion or combination in distributed environments. The objective is to improve the data accuracy by taking into account the timestamping error. The target application considered in this thesis consists of a data acquisition and processing system, embedded in an instrumented vehicle. Firstly, a method of interval timestamping correspondence in distributed environment is proposed. Ln addition to the good synchronization quality, the method has the advantage of limiting the exchanged messages on the bus. Ln the second stage and in order to reuse existing algorithms based on exact dates, we propose a method to convert linearly interval dates into punctual dates. The timestamping error is thus reflected on data imprecision. Different experiments in the advanced driver assistance systems domain have validated this study
Vallérian, Mathieu. "Une infrastructure flexible de collecte et de traitement de données d’un réseau de capteurs urbain mutualisé." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI058/document.
Full textIn this thesis, a receiver architecture for a gateway in a urban sensors network was designed. To embed the multiple protocols coexisting in this environment, the best approach seems to use a reconfigurable architecture, following the scheme of the Software-Defined Radio (SDR). All the received signals should be digitized at once by the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) in order to sustain the reconfigurability of the architecture: then all the signal processing will be able to be digitally performed. The main complication comes from the heterogeneity of the propagation conditions: from the urban environment and from the diversity of the covered applications, the signals can be received on the gateway with widely varying powers. Then the gateway must be able to deal with the high dynamic range of these signals. This constraint applies strongly on the ADC whose resolution usually depends on the reachable digitized frequency band. A first study is led to evaluate the required ADC resolution to cope with the dynamic range. For this the dynamic range of the signals is first evaluated, then the required resolution to digitize the signals is found theoretically and with simulations. For a 100~dB power ratio between strong and weak signals, we showed that the ADC resolution needed 21 bits which is far too high to be reached with existing ADCs. Two different approaches are explored to reduce analogically the signals' dynamic range. The first one uses the companding technique, this technique being commonly used in analog dynamic range reduction in practice (\emph{e.g.} in audio signals acquisition), its relevance in multiple signal digitization is studied. Three existing compression laws are explored and two implementations are proposed for the most efficient of them. The feasibility of these implementations is also discussed. In the second approach we propose to use a two-antennas receiver architecture to decrease the dynamic range. In this architecture two digitization paths are employed: the first one digitizes only the strongest signal on the band. Using the information we get on this signal we reconfigure the second branch of the architecture in order to attenuate the strong signal. The dynamic range being reduced, the signals can be digitized with an ADC with a lower resolution. We show in this work that the ADC resolution can de decreased from 21 to 16 bits using this receiver architecture. Finally, the promising two-antennas architecture is tested in experimentation to demonstrate its efficiency with dynamic signals (\emph{i.e.} with appearing and disappearing signals)
Tabet, Antoine. "Gestion des capteurs et des informations pour un système de détection à multifonction." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0764.
Full textThe quality of the air in the interior mediums became a major concern in France, Europe and in the world. The interior mediums concentrate the majority of the populations and the sources of pollution. These interior mediums are an object of study privileged for the evaluation of pollution, of their influence on health and the solutions suggested for the reduction of the pollutants. In France, at the present time, they do not exist obligations concerning the monitoring of the quality of the air in the interior mediums. Nevertheless, of the lawful texts are under development. Based on an approach multi-source, this thesis presents a methodology supplements for making of a control and measuring apparatus of chemical, physical and microbiological pollution. Also, it presents the study, the validation and the implementation of an original unit for the detection and the control of the pollutants. This unit is based on the automatism, it makes it possible to carry out a complete expertise on the quality of the air while transmitting the data received in real time on Internet. A prototype making it possible to manage data, to order interfaces and to transmit the values received on Internet was developed
Abid, Besem. "Optimisation de la collecte de données dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil : application au projet Everblu d’Itron." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10031.
Full textWireless sensor networks (WSNs) contain many nodes able to collect and transmit data autonomously. Optimizing data collection is an important issue in these networks. This optimization goes through three axis: 1. Packet aggregation to reduce the traffic in the network. 2. Avoiding interference and packets collision. 3. A good deployment strategy in field. We firstly worked on data aggregation in WSNs which enables the network to reduce energy consumption by removing redundant packets, and by combining packets together and sending them as one packet. In our research, we considered real-time applications in WSNs. For these networks, we proposed a solution that combines a multi-level clustering with a data transmission mechanism between cluster heads that promotes aggregation. In addition, we developed a new distributed approach to construct a virtual backbone in a WSN. The nodes inside the backbone are the aggregator nodes. This technique reduces the energy consumption and enhances fault tolerance which increases the amount of data that reaches the sink even when some nodes fail in the network. Then, we focus on how the sensors access to the transmission channel via Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols in order to decrease the risk of packets collision. The originality of our work is related to mobile nodes and real-time WSN applications. In fact, these two criteria were always treated independently. Any developed approach that aims to enhance the network performance works well only with a good deployment strategy in field. Therefore we propose a new solution to predict the different network components and we provide a new tool to assist the technicians in field while installing these components. Our deployment solution was applied to a smart metering network called EverBlu. This system is a wireless data collection solution developed by Itron. It is suitable for any meter type (Water, Gas and Heat) and for various site topologies, either in urban or rural environments
Lahoche, Fabien. "Suivi spatio-temporel de paramètres hydrologiques sur un bassin versant par couplage de données satellitaires." Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0088.
Full textThe study is dedicated to estimation and characterisation of hydrological parameters according to land cover with a multi sensor approach. Two kinds of data are considered in this study : daily NOAA/AVHRR images (with a coarsespatial resolution) and one LANDSAT TM image (with a high spatial resolution). A first step consist of estimating reflectance, land surface temperature and evapotranspiration from NOAA/AVHRR images. To do this , a simplified model of surface energy balance is calibrated with in situ measurements and then used at large scale. Daily maps are presented for each parameter over three catchments, at the NOAA/AVHRR spatial resolution of 1. 21 square kilometer. A coupling process between daily NOAA/AVHRR data and a land cover classification image derived from LANDSAT TM (with a 30×30 m2 spatial resolution) allows the generation of daily temporal profiles for each type of land cover, and for each parameter ; also daily maps are generated at the LANDSAT TM spatial resolution. Two mixture models are then considered : linear for reflectance, non linear for land surface temperature. The variability of profiles according to the topography is also taken into account with simultaneous use of a Digital Elevation Model. Also, we propose a method for estimating land cover proportions into coarse spatial resolution pixels, necessary for computing the profiles, is also investigated. Each part analyses experimental results
Magnier, Valentin. "Fusion de données multi-capteurs pour l'estimation de la zone navigable pour le véhicule à conduite automatisée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE003/document.
Full textIn this PhD Thesis, we have developed a multi-sensors data-fusion architecture dedicated to the estimation of the free-space zone surrounding the vehicle. This system is modular according the sensors configuration of the vehicle. It provides to the customer applications a reliable representation of the road scene's actors that are perceived by the embedded sensors. It is also able to predict what the road scene will be in a few seconds.Meta information such as speed or type of object are provided to customer applications (in our case, the supervisor part of an autonomous vehicle).The proposed algorithm is able to work with various types of sensors (LiDAR, radar, ...) that can even run at different frequencies. It is based on a model of the road environment using two dedicated algorithms: one for the moving obstacles and another for the static scene
Amri, Rim. "Estimation régionale de l'évapotranspiration sur la plaine de Kairouan (Tunisie) à partir de données satellites multi-capteurs." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925198.
Full textAmri, Rim. "Estimation régionale de l'évapotranspiration sur la plaine de Kairouan (Tunisie) à partir de données satellites multi-capteurs." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2308/.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to understand the functioning of a semi-arid ecosystem by developing methodologies from combined optical and microwave satellite measurements in order to assess evapotranspiration and its seasonal dynamics in a semi-arid region (Kairouan plain). The retrieving of the latter requires a good description of the vegetation dynamics and monitoring the water content in the soil. For this purpose, an analysis of vegetation dynamics is made on the basis of the SPOT VEGETATION time series from 1998 to 2010. To understand the vegetation behavior along frequent periods of drought, fractal analysis is an appropriate tool to study the vegetation persistence. A new statistical index referred to VAI "Anomaly Vegetation Index" describing the state of vegetation water stress is proposed. This quantitative index can be used to describe at a monthly scale the state of vegetation. Several validation approaches are implemented to test the performance of this index that confirms its reliability. In terms of monitoring the soil water content, moisture products derived from ERS and ASCAT / Metop scatterometer are availables. These products are validated in our study using two different approaches. A statistical drought monitoring index is proposed from a long time series of moisture products that covers twenty years (from 1991 to 2010). The index proposed referred to MAI "Moisture Anomaly Index" is based on anomaly analysis of temporal variability of soil water content, estimated from ERS and ASCAT / Metop scatterometers. A comparative analysis with other drought indices, particularly SPI "Standardized Precipitation Index" is made and shows the performance of our index. This information derived from the two time series optical and microwave are then integrated into a simple and operational model FAO-56 (dual crop coefficient approach) for mapping at a daily scale the evapotranspiration at 1km resolution. A validation of this approach is generated by comparing the results with the outputs of a SVAT model: ISBA-A-gs
André, Cyrille. "Approche crédibiliste pour la fusion multi capteurs décentralisée." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976761.
Full textDrifi, Karim. "Estimation du mouvement par assimilation de données dans des modèles dynamiques d'ordre rédui." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066275.
Full textMotion estimation is a major challenge in the field of image sequenceprocessing. The thesis is a study of the dynamics of geophysical flowsvisualized by satellite imagery. Satellite image sequences are currentlyunderused for the task of dynamics estimation. A good understanding ofgeophysical flows allows a better analysis and forecast of phenomena indomains such as oceanography and meteorology. Data assimilation provides anexcellent framework for achieving a compromise between heteorogenous data,especially numerical models and observations. Hence, in this thesis we set outto apply variational data assimilation methods, such as 4D-Var, to estimatemotion in image sequences. Asmajor drawbacks of applying 4D-Var are theconsiderable computation time and memory required, we define and use a modelreduction method in order to significantly decrease the necessary computationtime and memory. We then explore the possibilities that reduced models providefor motion estimation, particularly the possibility of strictly imposing someknown constraints on the computed solutions. Different kinds of reductions arediscussed, using a proper orthogonal decomposition, a sine basis fordivergence-free motion and a basis dedicated to a particular spatialdomain. In each case, results are presented on both synthetic and satelittedata
Monrousseau, Thomas. "Développement du système d'analyse des données recueillies par les capteurs et choix du groupement de capteurs optimal pour le suivi de la cuisson des aliments dans un four." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0054.
Full textIn a world where all personal devices become smart and connected, some French industrials created a project to make ovens able detecting the cooking state of fish and meat without contact sensor. This thesis takes place in this context and is divided in two major parts. The first one is a feature selection phase to be able to classify food in three states: under baked, well baked and over baked. The point of this selection method, based on fuzzy logic is to strongly reduce the number of features got from laboratory specific sensors. The second part concerns on-line monitoring of the food cooking state by several methods. These technics are: classification algorithm into ten bake states, the use of a discrete version of the heat equation and the development of a soft sensor based on an artificial neural network model build from cooking experiments to infer the temperature inside the food from available on-line measurements. These algorithms have been implemented on microcontroller equipping a prototype version of a new oven in order to be tested and validated on real use cases
Bramas, Quentin. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil efficaces en énergie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066309/document.
Full textA wireless sensor network is an ad-hoc network connecting small devices equipped with sensors. Such networks are self-organized and independent of any infrastructure. The deployment of a WSN is possible in areas inaccessible to humans, or for applications with a long lifetime requirement. Indeed, devices in a wireless sensor network are usually battery-powered, tolerate failure, and may use their own communication protocols, allowing them to optimize the energy consumption. The main application of WSNs it to sense the environment at different locations and aggregate all the data to a specific node that logs it and can send alerts if necessary. This task of data aggregation is performed regularly, making it the most energy consuming. As reducing the energy consumed by sensor is the leading challenge to ensure sustainable applications, we tackle in this thesis the problem of aggregating efficiently the data of the network. Then, we study lifetime evaluation techniques and apply it to benchmark existing energy-centric protocols
Trillon, Adrien. "Reconstruction de défauts à partir de données issues de capteurs à courants de Foucault avec modèle direct différentiel." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700739.
Full textSow, Idrissa. "Partitionnement et Geocasting dans les Réseaux Mobiles Ad hoc et Collecte des Données dans les Réseaux de Capteurs." Phd thesis, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440004.
Full textBaig, Qadeer. "Fusion de données multi capteurs pour la détection et le suivi d'objets mobiles à partir d'un véhicule autonome." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858441.
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