Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dommages radio-Induits'
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Milliat, Fabien. "Rôle de l'endothélium dans les dommages radio-induits aux tissus sains." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066077.
Full textVRIGNEAUD, JEAN-MARC. "Developpement d'un modele biophysique pour l'evaluation des dommages radio-induits dans la fibre chromosomique." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30054.
Full textPeudon, Aude. "Prise en compte de la structure moléculaire pour la modélisation des dommages biologiques radio-induits." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30125.
Full textTo improve modelling of biological radio-induced damage, the aim of this work was to take into account molecular structure. Based on ab-initio molecular data (molecular binding energy, population analysis…), photonic and electronic cross sections have been calculated. An interactive model of molecular reorganization has been also developed to evaluate efficiency of Auger electrons and fluorescent photons after inner shell ionization. The improvement impact on number and distribution of SSB and DSB has been studied with one core particle. Then, modifications have been performed to model in-vitro experiments. One simulation allows mutagenic cytosines number evaluation on P53 plasmid. And another one deals with I-125 and I-123 impact on pBR322 plasmid. The good agreement in the results confirms the necessary complement of model and experiment
Vincent-Genod, Lucie. "Les dommages membranaires radio-induits comme bio-indicateurs de doses : études des mécanismes et applications pratiques." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T048.
Full textAfter an accidental overexposure, the assessment of the received dose in biological dosimetry is performed by a method based on the effects of irradiation on the DNA molecule. But this technique shows some limitations; therefore we tried to find new biosensors of radiation exposure. We have pointed out that membrane is a critical target of ionising radiation after an in vitro and in vivo overexposure. In vitro, these modifications were involved in the radio-induced apoptotic pathway. The measure of membrane fluidity allowed us to obtain an overall view of cellular membrane. Moreover, in vivo, by changing the lipid nutritional status of animals, our results displayed the important role played by membrane lipid composition in radio-induced membrane alterations. Besides, membrane effects were adjusted by the extracellular physiological control and in particular by the damages on membrane fatty acid pattern. Finally, we have tested the use of membrane fluidity index as a biosensor of radiation exposure on in vivo models and blood samples from medical total body irradiated patients. The results achieved on animal models suggested that the membrane fluidity index was a biosensor of radiation exposure. Nevertheless, the observations realised on patients highlight that the effect of the first dose fraction of the radiotherapy treatment had some difficulties to be noticed. Indeed, the combined treatment: chemotherapy and radiotherapy disturbed the membrane fluidity index measures. To conclude, whereas this parameter was not a biosensor of irradiation exposure usable in biological dosimetry, it may allow us to assess the radio-induced damages and their cellular but also tissue impacts
Vaurijoux, Aurélie. "Étude des conséquences génétiques et épigénétiques consécutives à la signalisation persistante des dommages radio-induits de l'ADN." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS515/document.
Full textThe DNA double-stranded breaks (DSB) are key events in the cell response to ionizing radiation that may affect, with the individual genetic and epigenetic profile, the fate of healthy tissues of people exposed. Following initial breaks and chromatin destabilization, a set of post-translational modifications of histones occurs, including the phosphorylation of serine 139 of histone H2AX (gamma-H2A.X), which leads to the formation of ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF). DSB repair results in the disappearance of most IRIF within hours after exposure. However, a proportion of IRIF remains 24 hours upon irradiation. The nature and role of these persistent IRIF are still unclear. The goal of this work is to explore the characteristics of these persistent IRIF and their consequences on the cell behavior. To investigate the dynamic of IRIF in our model, we exposed G0/G1-phase synchronized HUVECs to 1 or 5 Gy of X-rays. IRIF were studied from 10 minutes up to 7 days after exposure by monitoring gamma-H2A.X foci, their temporal association with 53BP1 protein and PML NBs (Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies), and their impact on cell proliferation. We analyzed a mean of 4 000 cells for each condition using an automated detection of nuclei and foci. The analysis of a large number of cells and foci allowed us to screen subpopulations of cells or foci through different characteristics, such as size, shape or cell cycle phase among others, and to weight their representativeness in the whole population of exposed cells. We identified that persistent gamma-H2A.X foci after irradiation had a size superior to 0.72 ± 0.11 µm² and always collocated with 53BP1. More than 70% of cells exposed to 5 Gy had at least one persistent IRIF 24 hours after exposure and we observed these persistent IRIF up to 7 days post irradiation. A significant spatial association between PML NBs and IRIF was observed from 10 minutes after exposure; at 24h post irradiation, around 90% of persistent IRIF were associated with PML NBs. Moreover we demonstrated that persistent IRIF did not block cell proliferation definitively. The frequency of IRIF was lower in daughter cells, probably due to a certain amount of asymmetric distribution of IRIF between them. We report a positive association between the presence of an IRIF and the likelihood of DNA missegregation by observation of mitotic catastrophes. Hence, the structure formed after the passage of a persistent IRIF across the S and G2 phases may impede the correct segregation of sister chromatids of the chromosome affected. Consequently, the nature of IRIF in the nucleus of daughter cells might differ before and after the first cell division due to an abnormal resolution of anaphase. The resulting atypical chromosomal assembly may be lethal or result in a gene dosage imbalance and possible enhanced genomic instability, and could lead to a patchwork of cell phenotypes
Abderrahmani, Rym. "Rôle de l'inhibiteur des activateurs du plasminogène de type-1 (PAI-1) dans les dommages radio-induits aux tissus sains." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066351.
Full textTran, Ngoc Hoang. "Extension et validation de l’outil Geant4 dans le cadre du projet Geant4-DNA pour la prédiction des dommages biologiques radio-induits à l’échelle cellulaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14575/document.
Full textA large experimental and modeling activity is currently taking place, aimed at better understanding the biological effects of ionizing radiation at the molecular scales. Considerable amounts of experimental data have been accumulated over the past decades in order to measure quantities such as macroscopic cellular survival curves and DNA strand damages after irradiation. In parallel, computer codes have been proposed to use a stochastic approach based on Monte Carlo technique to model physical interaction in the irradiated medium. The Geant4 toolkit uses the object-oriented technology (C++) to describing particle-matter interactions, such as bio-medical physics and space physics, from sub-micrometer cells up to planetary scales. Geant4-DNA project is included in the Geant4 toolkit and benefits from the easy accessibility of the Geant4 code for the development of a computing platform allowing estimation effects of ionizing radiations. In my thesis, firstly, I have contributed in the project the validation of various models with the experimental data collections extracted from the recent literature. A good agreement between total and differential cross section values corresponding to each available Geant4-DNA model and experimental data is validated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov testing. Secondly, I have improved elastic scattering process and working on the calculation of the DDCS for proton elastic scattering in water in the Geant4-DNA. In addition, I have combined Geant4 electromagnetic processes with the Geant4-DNA. This combination brought additional Geant4 simulation capabilities in complement of the possibility to combine Geant4-DNA models with other Geant4 electromagnetic models at different sizes and energy scales in a single simulation application. Finally, we have presented the usage of Geant4-DNA physics processes in nanometer-size targets fully implemented in a single Geant4 application. The frequencies of the deposited energy and number of direct DNA single strand break and double strand break in the simplified nucleus model are compared with other codes results and with a collection of experimental data on direct DNA dimensions on plasmid DNA. Furthermore I have implemented in Geant4-DNA theoretical cross sections of physics processes based on a Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) approach for modeling the detailed transport of protons and neutral hydrogen atoms in liquid water and in DNA nucleobases
Charazac, Aurélie. "Effet de la dérégulation de la voie Sonic Hedgehog sur les réponses aux dommages de I'ADN et la prédisposition aux cancers." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV006/document.
Full textThe Gorlin syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by several developmental abnormalities. Due to mutations in PTCH1, a key player of the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway, clinical manifestations also includes hyper-radiosensitivity and an increased predisposition to the development of basal cell carcinomas. Given the implication of DNA repair system defects in hyper-radiosensitivity pathologies, we decided to study the effect of PTCH1 mutations on the DNA damage response in order to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to Gorlin's phenotype.This study demonstrate a global failure of the DNA damage repair systems in Gorlin fibroblasts with respect to controls. It highlights in particular the collapse of the base excision repair pathway (BER) responsible for the repair of oxidative DNA damage
Meylan, Sylvain. "Développement d'un outil de simulation multi-échelle adapté au calcul des dommages radio-induits précoces dans des cellules exposées à des irradiations d'ions légers (proton et alpha)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0184/document.
Full textThis work was performed in the frame of the ROSIRIS (IRSN) and Geant4-DNA research projects and describes the development of a simulation tool to compute radioinduced early DNA damages in a cell nucleus. The modeling tool is based on a modified version of the Monte Carlo code Geant4-DNA and is able to simulate the physical interactions between ionizing particles and the biological target (physical stage), the creation of chemical species within the cell nucleus (physico-chemical stage) as well as the reactions and diffusion processes of these chemical species (chemical stage). During all the simulation, a geometrical model that describes the DNA content of a human diploid cell nucleus is taken into account. This model was generated with a new software (DnaFabric) developed in the frame of this work and has a molecular level of detail.The first results (in term of DNA strand breaks) obtained with this tool are detailed and compared with experimental data from the literature. The good agreement between the simulation results and those data shows the coherence of our modeling. The significant influence of the selection criteria used to identify the DNA damages is also demonstrated
Dos, Santos Morgane. "Modélisation de la topologie des dépôts d'énergie créés par un rayonnement ionisant à l'échelle nanométrique dans les noyaux cellulaires et relation avec les événements précoces radio-induits." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931869.
Full textDos, Santos Morgane. "Modélisation de la topologie des dépôts d’énergie créés par un rayonnement ionisant à l’échelle nanométrique dans les noyaux cellulaires et relation avec les événements précoces radio-induits." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14865/document.
Full textIonizing radiations are known to induce critical damages on biological matter and especially on DNA. Among these damages, DNA double strand breaks (DSB) are considered as key precursor of lethal effects of ionizing radiations. Understand and predict how DNA double and simple strand breaks are created by ionising radiation and repaired in cell nucleus is nowadays a major challenge in radiobiology research. This work presents the results on the simulation of the DNA double strand breaks produced from the energy deposited by the irradiation at the intracellular level. At the nanometric scale, the only method to accurately simulate the topological details of energy deposited on the biological matter is the use of Monte Carlo codes. In this work, we used the Geant4 Monte Carlo code and, in particular, the low energy electromagnetic package extensions, referred as Geant4-DNA processes.In order to evaluate DNA radio-induced damages, the first objective of this work consisted in implementing a detailed geometry of the DNA on the Monte Carlo simulations. Two types of cell nuclei, representing a fibroblast and an endothelium, were described in order to evaluate the influence of the DNA density on the topology of the energy deposits contributing to strand breaks. Indeed, the implemented geometry allows the selection of energy transfer points that can lead to strand breaks because they are located on the backbone. Then, these energy transfer points were analysed with a clustering algorithm in order to reveal groups of aggregates and to study their location and complexity.In this work, only the physical interactions of ionizing radiations are simulated. Thus, it is not possible to achieve an absolute number of strand breaks as the creation and transportation of radical species which could lead to indirect DNA damages is not included. Nevertheless, the aim of this work was to evaluate the relative dependence of direct DNA damages with the DNA density, radiation quality, cell nuclei morphology or also chromatin condensation. The results presented in this work have allowed the quantification of the influence of these different parameters in the number and complexity of directs DNA damages which can then contribute to the late effects on cell fate
Tang, Nicolas. "Évaluation, à partir de modélisations nanodosimétriques, de l'influence de la compaction de la chromatine sur les effets radio-induits précoces et extension aux effets tardifs (réparation des dommages à l’ADN et mort cellulaire)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0160/document.
Full textThis thesis work is part of a fundamental research aimed at improving the understanding of the mechanisms of interaction of ionizing radiation with biological matter by focusing on the prediction of early radiation-induced DNA damage by numerical simulations. As a first step, a study on the role of the different levels of chromatin compaction (heterochromatin and euchromatin) in the induction of these early effects, namely DNA strand breaks, is proposed. New realistic geometric models of cell nuclei integrating chromatin compaction have therefore been created and used in a calculation chain, based on the open source and general purpose Monte Carlo code Geant4 and its extension Geant4-DNA, to simulate the physical, physico-chemical and chemical stages leading to strand breaks. Developments in this thesis have also allowed studying the impact of several types of radiation (protons, alphas, photons) on radiation-induced damage. The various results were compared with experimental data and in particular those obtained by the IRSN team of radiobiologists. Finally, a study on later effects such as DNA repair and cell death was carried out using both the calculation chain and some parametric models from the literature. Thus, the results obtained in this thesis have made it possible to acquire new knowledge and to develop calculation tools that will soon be delivered in free access to the scientific community in order to predict the biological effects of several types of radiation with the aim of improving risk models
Muggiolu, Giovanna. "Deciphering the biological effects of ionizing radiations using charged particle microbeam : from molecular mechanisms to perspectives in emerging cancer therapies." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0599/document.
Full textFew years ago, the paradigm of radiation biology was that the biological effects of ionizing radiations occurred only if cell nuclei were hit, and that cell death/dysfunction was strictly due to unrepaired/misrepaired DNA. Now, next this “DNA-centric” view several results have shown the importance of “non-DNA centered” effects. Both non-targeted effects and DNA-targeted effects induced by ionizing radiations need to be clarified for the evaluation of the associated radiation resistance phenomena and cancer risks. A complete overview on radiation induced effects requires the study of several points: (i) analyzing the contribution of different signaling and repair pathways activated in response to radiation-induced injuries; (ii) elucidating non-targeted effects to explain cellular mechanisms induced in cellular compartments different from DNA; and (iii) improving the knowledge of sensitivity/resistance molecular mechanisms to adapt, improve and optimize the radiation treatment protocols combining ionizing radiations and nanoparticles. Charged particle microbeams provide unique features to answer these challenge questions by (i) studying in vitro both targeted and non-targeted radiation responses at the cellular scale, (ii) performing dose-controlled irradiations on a cellular populations and (iii) quantifying the chemical element distribution in single cells after exposure to ionizing radiations or nanoparticles. By using this tool, I had the opportunity to (i) use an original micro-irradiation setup based on charged particles microbeam (AIFIRA) with which the delivered particles are controlled in time, amount and space to validate in vitro methodological approaches for assessing the radiation sensitivity of different biological compartments (DNA and cytoplasm); (ii) assess the radiation sensitivity of a collection of cancerous cell lines derived from patients in the context of radiation therapy; (iii) study metal oxide nanoparticles effects in cells in order to understand the potential of nanoparticles in emerging cancer therapeutic approaches
Vianna, François. "Micro-irradiation ciblée par faisceau d'ions pour la radiobiologie in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0030/document.
Full textThe main goal of radiobiology is to understand the effects of ionizing radiations on the living.These past decades, ion microbeams have shown to be important tools to study for example the effects oflow dose exposure, or the bystander effect. Since 2003, the CENBG has been equipped with a system toperform targeted micro-irradiation of living samples. Recently, microbeams applications on this subjecthave diversified and the study of DNA repair mechanisms at the cellular and multicellular scales, in vitroand in vivo, has become possible thanks to important evolutions of fluorescence imaging techniques andcellular biology. To take into account these new approaches, the CENBG micro-irradiation beamline hasbeen entirely redesigned and rebuilt to implement new features and to improve the existing ones. My PhDobjectives were i) commissioning the facility, ii) characterizing the system on track etch detectors, and onliving samples, iii) implementing protocols to perform targeted irradiations of living samples with a controlleddelivered dose, at the cellular and multicellular scales, and to visualize the early consequencesonline, iv) modelling these irradiations to explain the biological results using the calculated physical data.The work of these past years has allowed us i) to measure the performances of our system: a beam spotsize of about 2 μm and a targeting accuracy of ± 2 μm, and to develop ion detection systems for an absolutedelivered dose control, ii) to create highly localized radiation-induced DNA damages and to see onlinethe recruitment of DNA repair proteins, iii) to apply these protocols to generate radiation-induced DNAdamages in vivo inside a multicellular organism at the embryonic stage: Caenorhabditis elegans.These results have opened up many perspectives on the study of the interaction between ionizing radiationsand the living, at the cellular and multicellular scales, in vitro and in vivo
Larouze, Alexandre. "Dosimétrie de radioéléments émetteurs alpha pour la radiothérapie interne vectorisée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0061.
Full textTargeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is a nuclear medicine-based cancer treatment technique that consists in coupling a radionuclide with a carrier molecule able to specifically target cancer cells. In this context, the radionuclides commonly used in clinic are mainly β− emitters (177Lu, 131I, 90Y), although an α-emitter (223Ra) has been recently approved for the treatment of prostate cancer. The current doctoral thesis aims at characterizing the radio-induced energy deposits of the most promising α-emitters for TRT by means of a numerical approach based on a homemade Monte Carlo track structure code named TILDA-V.As part of this thesis, the transport of α-particles in the biological environment was refined by the development of new theoretical models implemented into TILDA-V. The numerical predictions also obtained in terms of range, stopping power, dose profiles were compared with experiments as well as theoretical data provided by existing simulation codes. In most cases, an excellent agreement was observed.Besides, a complete dosimetric study of α-emitters, including isolated single cell targets and/or cell clusters, was provided and compared with other existing predictions. In this context, the therapeutic potential of α-emitters was compared with that of β−-emitters previously studied with TILDA-V.Finally, the TILDA-V code was also extended to the modeling of radiation-induced DNA damages by implementing the cross sections of all the interactions induced by Heq+ ions on DNA components. In this work, the most promising α-emitters for TRT were characterized on the basis of their physical properties in order to guide nuclear medicine physicians in the choice of a radionuclide of first choice
Tran, N. H. "Extension et validation de l'outil Geant4 dans le cadre du projet Geant4-DNA pour la prédiction des dommages biologiques radio-induits à l'échelle cellulaire." Phd thesis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780481.
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