Academic literature on the topic 'Dommages induits par les microcracks'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dommages induits par les microcracks"
Cassou, K., D. Ros, S. Kazamias, A. Klisnick, G. Jamelot, O. Guilbaud, B. Rus, et al. "Étude des dommages induits dans l'ADN par irradiation laser X-UV à 21.2 nm." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 127 (June 2005): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2005127027.
Full textMilliat, Fabien, and Agnès François. "Les mastocytes, stakhanovistes de l’immunité." médecine/sciences 34, no. 2 (February 2018): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20183402012.
Full textKiris, Ilker, Ilker Tekin, Nigar Yilmaz, Recep Sutcu, Nermin Karahan, and Ahmet Ocal. "L'Iloprost diminue l'expression des molécules d'adhérence et réduit des dommages rénaux induits par l'ischémie-reperfusion aortique abdominale." Annales de Chirurgie Vasculaire 23, no. 2 (March 2009): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acvfr.2009.05.013.
Full textWenkourama, Daméga, Ayelou Bakowè, Ataigba I. N. Eli, Sonia Kanékatoua, Mayéna Kpinsaga, Agouda Bouwèssotcholo, Awesso Babizam, Kokou Messanh Agbemele Soedje, and Kolou Simliwa Dassa. "Troubles de l’Usage d’Alcool (TUA) au CHU Kara : état des lieux." Psy Cause N° 88, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/psca.088.0029.
Full textPérez-Anker, Javiera, Beatrice Alejo, Pablo Iglesias, Vincent Berot, C. Cano, Elisa Cinotti, Veronique Del Marmol, et al. "Caractérisation des dommages cutanés photo-induits, à l’aide de la tomographie par cohérence optique à champ linéaire 3D et corrélation histopathologique." Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie - FMC 1, no. 8 (December 2021): A293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fander.2021.09.315.
Full textDjamai, D., H. Oudira, and A. Saifi. "Application d’un modèle hybride à l’étude des dommages radio-induits par un faisceau d’électrons sur la molécule d’ADN dans son environnement." Radioprotection 43, no. 3 (July 2008): 357–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro:2008005.
Full textBoorstein, R., S. Zuo, J. Cadet, and G. Teebor. "Dommages photo-induits des résidus monomériques de la 5-méthylcytosine de l’ADN par la lumière de l’ultraviolet lointain : rôle de l’oxygène." Journal de Chimie Physique 93 (1996): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1996930016.
Full textAgbohessi, Prudencio, and Ibrahim Imorou Toko. "Effets toxiques des herbicides à base du glyphosate sur les poissons et autres animaux aquatiques : approche bibliographique." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 6 (February 23, 2022): 2685–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i6.33.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Dommages induits par les microcracks"
Shi, Yue. "Micro-mechanics-based models of monotonic and cyclic behaviors of quasi-brittle rock-like materials having an elasto-viscoplastic matrix with microcracks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2023/2023ULILN057.pdf.
Full textThe primary objective of this thesis is to model the macroscopic mechanical behavior of geomaterials under both instantaneous and time-dependent loading conditions. In this context, the studied material is modeled from the view of microstructure using well-suited localization and homogenization schemes. At the microscopic scale, it is assumed that microcracks have a penny-shaped morphology and are randomly embedded in an isotropic solid matrix. In framework of thermodynamics, two internal variables, inelastic strain and microcrack-induced damage, are both classified in consideration of instantaneous microcracking and sub-critical microcracking. The instantaneous damage is driven by a conjugated thermodynamics force, while the time-dependent damage evolves towards microstructure equilibrium. Further, the emphasis is put on modeling the solid matrix as a cohesive-friction component. This needs to introduce a new internal variable, plastic strain of matrix, resulting in a clearer brittle-ductile transition in the pre-peak regime, especially under relative high confining pressures. Next, the plastic compressible matrix is separately described by an associated and a non-associated flow rule in comparison with a large amount of test results. It is found that the non-associated model can well reproduce the compaction-dilatation transition with cyclic numbers. Finally, the unified model is developed to investigate the long-term behavior in terms of matrix viscoplasticity. The deformation mechanisms are analyzed regarding the coupling between matrix viscoplasticity and sub-critical propagation of microcracks
Lahaie, Pierre-Olivier. "Nouvelle méthode expérimentale pour mesurer les dommages à l'ADN induits par la radiation." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7527.
Full textAbstract : DNA is the principle target of radiotherapy (RT) due to its crucial role in cellular growth and function. Ionizing radiation (IR) delivers its energy into the cell and its nucleus via sequential ionization events that produce many low-energy electrons (LEE)(10[superscript 5]e[superscript −] per MeV) which drive subsequent molecular dissociations and the formation of radicals and other reactive species. Since a better understanding of these mechanisms is needed to develop new strategies for radioprotection and RT, it is essential to identify and to quantify the initial damage induced by IR. Recent chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of short oligonucleotide irradiated with LEE in vacuo (Li et al., 2010) revealed that only ∼30 % of the loss of intact molecules could be explained by the formation of identifiable radiation products. We hypothesize that electron stimulated desorption (ESD) may account for some of the unexplained loss of the missing molecules. Here we propose a new experimental method to quantify this loss using a quartz crystal microbalance to measure in situ the total mass change due to ESD. This thesis describes the design and the construction of the novel apparatus and presents results for LEE irradiated thymine (thy) and thymidine (dT). We find that at 25 ◦ C, the thermal-induced mass loss is important for small molecules such as thy (126 amu). Upon irradiation at 50 eV, the rate of mass loss initially increases, but then decreased by factors between 5 and 15 indicating structural changes occurring at the sample surface. For larger molecules such as dT (242 amu), there is no thermal evaporation at 25 ◦ C and the LEE induced rate of desorption at 50 eV is 0.4 ± 0.1 amu/e[superscript -]. This work is needed to calibrate HPLC and mass spectrometry experiments allowing us to quantify the fragment species produced by LEE that are expected to induce further and biologically significant damage.
Bezine, Elisabeth. "Analyse des dommages à l'ADN induits par la toxine CDT et de leur réparation." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0142/document.
Full textThe Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) is a virulence factor produced by many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria, its production being associated to various diseases, including tumorigenesis. A causal relationship has been established between DNA damage, mutagenesis and cancerogenesis. Different studies classified CDT among the bacterial genotoxins. The CDT-related pathogenicity relies on the catalytic subunit CdtB action, shown to induce double-strand breaks (DSB) on the host genomic DNA. Previously, our team showed that, at doses 1000 times lower than those used in the literature, CDT probably induces single-strand breaks that degenerate into DSB during S-phase. To document this model, we studied the repair systems involved in host-cell in response to CDT-induced DNA damage. Since various repair pathways allow cells to respond different type of DNA damage, we speculated that non-DSB repair mechanisms might contribute to the cellular resistance to CDT-mediated genotoxicity. First, we confirm that HR is involved in the management of CDT-induced lesions, but also Non Homologous End Joining, the second major DSB repair mechanism. Next we show that nucleotide excision repair, involved in adducts repair, is not important to take care of CDT-induced DNA damage, whereas base excision repair impairment sensitizes CDT-treated cells, suggesting that CDT induce single-strand breaks. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time the involvement and the activation of the Fanconi Anemia repair pathway in response to CDT. Finally, to better characterize CDT-induced damage, we initiate experiments to study CdtB nuclease activity in vitro. For this, different CdtB mutants have been generated, purified and their nuclease activity tested. A similar nuclease activity has been obtained for the wt or mutant CdtB in an in vitro assay (digestion of a supercoiled plasmid). However, a cell assay (nuclear expression of CdtB in eukaryotic cells) confirms the loss of activity for the mutant subunit. Our results thus indicate the importance to test the CdtB subunit in different context. To conclude, our work reinforces a model where CDT induces single-strand damage and not direct DSB. This also underlines the importance of cell proliferation to generate DSB and sheds light on the activated host-cell systems, after CDT-induced DNA damage
Dumont, Ariane. "Protection des ions organiques contre les dommages induits à l'ADN par les électrons de basse énergie." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4025.
Full textLoquet, Jean-Gabriel. "Étude numérique et expérimentale des dommages permanents induits par une particule lourde dans les composants électroniques." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ESAE0015.
Full textMamouni, Kenza. "Rôle de la GTPase RhoB dans la réponse aux dommages à l'ADN induits par la camptothécine." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2031/.
Full textRhoB is a GTPase implicated in various intracellular functions such as cytoskeletal organization. Besides its well-established roles, RhoB recently emerged as an early DNA damage-inducible gene. RhoB is overexpressed and activated in response to various genotoxics although the mechanism of induction and functional relevance remain unclear. RhoB also possesses tumor suppressor properties. Its expression decreases during tumor progression and loss of RhoB promotes cell proliferation and invasion. To study the role of RhoB in the DNA damage response and its potential implication in tumor progression, we used camptothecin (CPT), a selective inhibitor of topoisomerase I that produces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). We show that, in CPT-treated cells, DSBs induce RhoB expression by a mechanism that depends on Chk2 and its substrate HuR that binds to and protects RhoB mRNA against degradation. RhoB deficient cells fail to dephosphorylate gamma-H2AX following CPT removal suggesting defective DSB repair. These cells also show decreased activity of PP2A, a phosphatase for gamma-H2AX and other DNA damage signaling and repair proteins. We propose that DSBs activate a Chk2-HuR-RhoB pathway that promotes PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of gamma-H2AX. Finally, we show that RhoB deficient cells accumulate endogenous gamma-H2AX and chromosomal abnormalities, suggesting that RhoB loss increases DSB-mediated genomic instability and tumor progression
Hennebelle, Marie. "Acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 (AGPI n-3) e prévention des dommages cérébraux induits par un stress chronique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691980.
Full textNghiem, Huu-Luyen. "Evaluation des dommages induits par des mouvements de terrain sur des structures en maçonnerie à l'aide de la modélisation physique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI012/document.
Full textMasonry structures present a significant proportion of individual houses and are especially more vulnerable when subjected to ground movements. To deal with consequences of this problem, a test-platform has been developed in order to simulate ground movements and their effect on structure models on the surface. This thesis is based on a reduced physical model and develops damage assessment methods for masonry structures using physical modelling. Firstly, a small-scaled physical model under Earth's gravity (1g) has been developed to reproduce this phenomenon. This model of soil-foundation-masonry interaction has a scale factor of 1/40. The analogue soil consists of the Fontainebleau sand. The foundation part of the structure is made of liquid silicon and masonry walls are made from small wooden blocks. To measure displacements fields of the soil and the structure, a digital image correlation (DIC) technique is used. Discussions about the use of this technique when performing a test, especially the consideration of measurement errors, are also addressed. Secondly, we first assess the damage through conventional methods based on damage indicators and graphs. Then, new easy to use tools based on the DIC technique are proposed to carry out a more effective damage assessment. The first tool helps identify failure modes in the structure, based on the Winkler soil-structure interaction model. To do this, the inverse problem of soil-structure interaction is resolved, and the failure modes, based on internal forces, are identified. Then, a DIC-M model is proposed to reproduce the crack propagation in the masonry wall. The key point of this model consists in the simulation of the block movements in a discrete element system (DES). Consequently, cracks can appear easily, and then the crack identification and quantification become easier. More precisely, a new damage indicator related to the cumulated length of cracks allows to better quantify the damage and the cartography the cracks. The measurement uncertainty is determined by Monte-Carlo simulation. Thirdly, the performance of proposed tools is discussed through an example of assessing potential damages. An individual house in masonry subjected to ground movements was studied using physical experimentation. A test campaign related to the most sensitive positions of the structure with respect to the subsidence centre is performed. Damage assessment is conducted using deformation measurement and crack characteristics. The comparison between conventional and developed methods shows the relevance of the damage indicator related to the cumulated length of cracks, and this indicator can be considered as a new tool for damage assessment in practice. Finally, operational recommendations are suggested in order to obtain a better estimation of the damage level of the structure
BUSCH, MARIE-CLAUDE. "Contribution a l'etude des dommages induits par les ions lourds de grande energie dans les films d'oxyde de silicium thermique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13097.
Full textAdam, Salomé. "Dynamique des variants de l'histone H3 en réponse aux dommages de l'ADN induits par les UVC dans les cellules humaines." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066288/document.
Full textIn eukaryotic cells, the DNA damage response involves a reorganization of chromatin structure. This structure, in which DNA is associated with histone proteins, conveys the epigenetic information, which is critical for cell identity. However, we are still far from understanding the mechanisms underlying chromatin dynamics in response to DNA damage, which challenges both the structural and functional integrity of chromatin architecture. During my PhD, I thus decided to explore this issue in human cells, by deciphering the dynamics of histone H3 variants and their dedicated chaperones in response to UVC lesions. By combining local UVC irradiation with an innovative technology that allows specific tracking of parental and newly synthesized histones, I revealed that the histone chaperone HIRA (Histone Regulator A) is recruited early to UVC-damaged chromatin regions, where it promotes local deposition of new histone H3.3 variant and facilitates transcription recovery upon repair completion. We also demonstrated that old H3 histones are initially redistributed around the damaged chromatin zone, this conservative redistribution requiring the UVC damage sensor DDB2 (DNA Damage Binding protein 2). Later in the repair process, most parental histones recover and mix with newly deposited histones in repairing chromatin regions. The recovery of pre-existing histones may contribute to preserve the integrity of the epigenetic information conveyed by chromatin before genotoxic stress
Book chapters on the topic "Dommages induits par les microcracks"
GENTILS, Aurélie, Stéphanie JUBLOT-LECLERC, and Patrick SIMON. "Caractérisation des dommages d’irradiation." In Les matériaux du nucléaire sous irradiation, 273–96. ISTE Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9148.ch10.
Full textTAŞKIN, Gülşen, Esra ERTEN, and Enes Oğuzhan ALATAŞ. "Revue de l’évaluation multitemporelle des dommages dus aux séismes à l’aide d’images satellitaires." In Détection de changements et analyse des séries temporelles d’images 2, 175–246. ISTE Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9057.ch5.
Full textPASCUCCI-CAHEN, Ludivine. "Les coûts économiques d’un accident nucléaire." In Économie de l’énergie nucléaire 2, 135–73. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9095.ch4.
Full text"Pertes et dommages induits par le changement climatique : un moment critique pour agir." In Gérer les risques climatiques et faire face aux pertes et aux dommages. OECD, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5acc2318-fr.
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