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Caban-Martinez, Alberto J., Paola Louzado Feliciano, Jeramy Baum, Umer F. Bakali, Katerina M. Santiago, Natasha Schaefer Solle, Geovanny Rivera, et al. "Objective Measurement of Carcinogens Among Dominican Republic Firefighters Using Silicone-Based Wristbands." JCO Global Oncology 6, Supplement_1 (July 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.90000.
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PURPOSE Firefighters around the world are exposed to physical hazards and toxic chemical agents during fire incident response. Occupational epidemiologic studies of the firefighter workforce have documented an excess cancer risk for brain, digestive, genitourinary, and lymphohematopoietic organs compared with the general population. Despite the elevated cancer risk, little is known about what specific types of carcinogenic chemicals first responders encounter during a typical work shift, particularly in low-resources settings, like the Dominican Republic. This pilot study characterizes objective measurements of carcinogenic exposure using passive sampling silicone-based wristbands among Dominican firefighters. METHODS Firefighters from a metropolitan fire service in the Dominican Republic were asked to wear a silicone-based wristband during one typical 24-hour shift. A pre- and postshift survey was administered to the firefighter to assess their self-reported sociodemographic, employment, and work shift characteristics. Wristbands were collected after their 24-hour shift and processed for the type and quantity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a family of known carcinogenic compounds, to which firefighters were exposed. RESULTS Among 15 firefighters who wore a wristband during their 24-hour shift, 73.3% responded to a fire with an average of 3.7 calls during the shift. Fire incident responses included structural fires (54.5%), outside and other fires (36.4%), and vehicle fires (9.1%). Total PAH exposure was significantly higher among Dominican firefighters who responded to a fire compared with firefighters with no fire during their shift (261 parts per billion [ppb] v 117 ppb, respectively; P = .003). Among the 19 PAHs quantified, low-molecular-weight phenanthrene was present in the highest concentration (32 ppb) among firefighters not responding to fires. CONCLUSION Passive objective sampling of PAHs using silicone-based wristbands among Dominican firefighters showed direct exposure to carcinogenic compounds during a typical 24-hour firefighter shift. Firefighters not attending a fire had lower levels of PAHs, suggesting carcinogenic contaminants are present at the fire station.
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Bouilly, Roberta, Giovanna Gatica-Domínguez, Marilia Mesenburg, Francisco I. Cáceres Ureña, Daniel G. P. Leventhal, Aluísio J. D. Barros, Cesar G. Victora, and Fernando C. Wehrmeister. "Maternal and child health inequalities among migrants: the case of Haiti and the Dominican Republic." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 44 (November 20, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.144.
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Objective. To assess coverage and inequalities in maternal and child health interventions among Haitians, Haitian migrants in the Dominican Republic and Dominicans. Methods. Cross-sectional study using data from nationally representative surveys carried out in Haiti in 2012 and in the Dominican Republic in 2014. Nine indicators were compared: demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods, antenatal care, delivery care (skilled birth attendance), child vaccination (BCG, measles and DPT3), child case management (oral rehydration salts for diarrhea and careseeking for suspected pneumonia), and the composite coverage index. Wealth was measured through an asset-based index, divided into tertiles, and place of residence (urban or rural) was established according to the country definition. Results. Haitians showed the lowest coverage for demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods (44.2%), antenatal care (65.3%), skilled birth attendance (39.5%) and careseeking for suspected pneumonia (37.9%), and the highest for oral rehydration salts for diarrhea (52.9%), whereas Haitian migrants had the lowest coverage in DPT3 (44.1%) and oral rehydration salts for diarrhea (38%) and the highest in careseeking for suspected pneumonia (80.7%). Dominicans presented the highest coverage for most indicators, except oral rehydration salts for diarrhea and careseeking for suspected pneumonia. The composite coverage index was 79.2% for Dominicans, 69.0% for Haitian migrants, and 52.6% for Haitians. Socioeconomic inequalities generally had pro-rich and pro-urban pattern in all analyzed groups. Conclusion. Haitian migrants presented higher coverage than Haitians, but lower than Dominicans. Both countries should plan actions and policies to increase coverage and address inequalities of maternal health interventions.
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Oropesa, R. S., and Leif Jensen. "Dominican Immigrants and Discrimination in a New Destination: The Case of Reading, Pennsylvania." City & Community 9, no. 3 (September 2010): 274–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2010.01330.x.
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The last decade has witnessed the diversification of immigrant destinations in the United States. Although the literature on this phenomenon is burgeoning, research on the experiences of smaller immigrant groups in new destinations is underdeveloped. This is especially the case for those from the Dominican Republic, a group that is expanding beyond the traditional gateway cities of the Northeast. Using a survey of Dominican immigrants in Reading, Pennsylvania, this study has two objectives. the first objective is to describe the prevalence of experiences with institutional and interpersonal discrimination. the second objective is to determine the extent to which these experiences are structured around racial markers (i.e., skin tone), forms of capital, forms of incorporation, and exposure to the United States. Our results show that a substantial minority of Dominican immigrants claims to have been treated unfairly, primarily because of their “race and ethnicity.” in addition, experiences with some types of discrimination are positively associated with skin tone (i.e., darkness) and several factors that are identified in models of assimilation.
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Calvo, Nuria, and Oskar Villarreal. "Innovation and development cooperation in Central America and Caribbean. Mission impossible?" Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 2, no. 8 (October 17, 2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621211289430.
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Subject area Strategic decision making in cooperation projects. The decision deals with the process of generating a strategy for R&D and technological innovation in developing countries, through international cooperation. Study level/applicability Students of programs of strategic management, business policy and management of international cooperation. Target courses include: strategic management seminars, international cooperation seminars, MBA. Case overview The case shows the process carried out by a team led by Braulio Perez Astray, manager of the innovation department of the Foundation University of A Coruna (Spain) and Radhames Mejia, executive vice-rector of the Pontifical Catholic University Madre y Maestra (Dominican Republic) to design the strategy for R&D and Technological Innovation of the Dominican Republic. It describes the tasks and responsibilities undertaken in the INPOLTEC Project, the result of the international cooperation between Spain and the Dominican Republic. It included the involvement of the Administration of Government of both countries, the contributions of the scientific community and a significant sample of Dominican companies, as well as the advice of Spanish experts and technologists in the field of innovation and technology policy. The case arises from the position of Braulio Perez Astray, leader of the project. The objective of this case is to analyze the potential transfer of this experience to other countries in Central America and Caribbean. Expected learning outcomes The learning objective is to facilitate students to investigate the decisions in the strategic process in the field of innovation and to reinforce the focus of international cooperation as a mechanism for strategic support in stimulating the flow of knowledge in science and technology. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available. Please consult the librarian for access.
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Alonso, Francisco, Mireia Faus, Boris Cendales, and Sergio A. Useche. "Citizens’ Perceptions in Relation to Transport Systems and Infrastructures: A Nationwide Study in the Dominican Republic." Infrastructures 6, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6110153.
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One of the challenges currently faced by emerging countries is to get their citizens to decide to use sustainable transport for their regular trips, in order to reduce the current vehicular pollution rates. The objective of this descriptive research is to examine the perceptions of Dominicans regarding the state of the country’s transport systems and road infrastructure. For this purpose, a nationwide survey procedure was performed. This cross-sectional research used the data retrieved from a sample of 1260 citizens aged over 18, proportional in gender, age, habitat, and province of the Dominican Republic. The results showed how Dominicans believe that, compared to other road features, pedestrian roads and public transport vehicles remain in a very poor condition. Further, citizens report to be more interested about the improvement of road infrastructures than in the implementation of any other set of measures performed to promote sustainable road mobility, including those related with alternative transport means. Finally, this study claims for the need of fostering educational, communicative and participative actions and measures aimed at increasing the value given to sustainable transportation, and the relevance of integrate potential structural and vehicular improvements with those related to human behavior in mobility.
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Figuereo, Yosauri Fernandez, Jack Lewis, Peyton Lee, and Stephen J. Walker. "Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Dominican Republic: A Mini Review of the Current Situation." Children 10, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10010121.
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As the recognition of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increases, and the prevalence estimates of ASD continue to rise throughout the world, it has become apparent that access to diagnostic and treatment services is highly dependent on geography. Even within countries such as the United States, which has received significant interest and investment in understanding, diagnosing, treating, and providing programs for those with ASD over the last 20+ years, access to information and services is uneven. In poorer countries such as the Dominican Republic (DR), where >40% of citizens live below the poverty level and access to quality healthcare overall continues to be a challenge, issues associated with ASD are not yet being adequately addressed. The objective of this review is to provide a realistic synopsis of the resources currently available to Dominicans who have a family member or loved one with ASD. We examine the challenges these families face in finding care, the stigma associated with ASD, and programs available for people with ASD. We conclude that while the DR is making progress in its efforts to address ASD, there is still much work to be done.
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Rojas-Mercedes, N. J., L. Di Sarno, A. L. Simonelli, and A. Penna. "Seismic risk of critical facilities in the Dominican Republic: case study of school buildings." Soft Computing 24, no. 18 (September 25, 2019): 13579–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-04361-0.
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Abstract The island of Hispaniola, shared by the Dominican Republic and Haiti, is located in a subduction zone between the North America plate and the Caribbean plate. In addition, there are 13 geological faults in the interior of the island, some of which have shown the potential to generate earthquakes of magnitude 7.5 and higher. Thus, the whole island is considered to be a high seismic risk region. In the past 100 years, several earthquakes have affected both parts of the island. In the case of the Dominican Republic, two earthquakes stand out: a magnitude 8.1 earthquake on August 4, 1946, north of the Samaná Province, which caused a tsunami, soil liquefaction, and the loss of about 100 lives, and a magnitude 6.5 earthquake on September 22, 2003, in the city of Puerto Plata, which caused significant damage for infrastructures. Among the observed effects, the partial and total collapse of several school buildings had a remarkable impact on local communities. In addition to the high seismic risk, a large part of the national infrastructure may exhibit high vulnerability to earthquakes because the seismic regulations had been the same for 32 years, namely from 1979 to 2011. During these three decades, thousands of structures were built nationwide, including essential facilities such as hospitals and schools. Considering that the current student population in public schools in the Dominican Republic is over 2 million, with the majority attending buildings that were designed with the 1979 seismic code and which proved to be highly vulnerable during the Puerto Plata earthquake, it is vital to take measures that reduce the risk and minimize potential earthquake damage to school buildings. In this context, the Technological Institute of Santo Domingo (INTEC) has undertaken recently a project with the main objective to assess the seismic vulnerability of 22 schools located in the San Cristóbal Province, in the south of the Dominican Republic. The latter schools were all built prior to the adoption of the current updated seismic code. This paper presents the results of the assessment of the Fernando Cabral Ortega School. Although only the results of a single RC building are presented, the response of such structure can be considered representative of a portfolio of existing schools in Dominican Republic.
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Tenor Peña, María de los Ángeles, Jesús Claudio Pérez Gálvez, Tomás López-Guzmán, and Miguel Jesús Medina Viruel. "Segmentation and Perceived Value of a Tourist Destination: The Case of Dominican Republic." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mjss-2017-0024.
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AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to make an analysis of the relationships between three fundamental constructs in every tourist destination - the perceived value of the attributes of destination, satisfaction and loyalty. Taking into account the perceived value of the tourists who visit this country, three types of visitors have been identified that are considered valid and useful for segmenting the Dominican Republic as a tourist destination: a high perception tourist, a tourist average and a low perception tourist. The attributes valued by the tourists reveal that the perceptive dimension relates to the tourism services and infrastructures of a destination discriminate in a significant way in the degree of satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty declared by the visitors. The conclusions show the need to consider the perceived value of the satisfied and loyal tourist as an essential tool for the Dominican Republic to continue to grow as a tourist destination.
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Ortiz-Medina, Marina, and Gonzalo Maldonado-Guzmán. "Information and Communication Technology and Growth in the Dominican Republic Microbusinesses." International Business Research 13, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n9p129.
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There is a growing concern on the part of researchers, academics and professionals in business and management sciences, to find those variables that have a greater degree of influence on the level of growth of microenterprises, and within the various existing variables In current literature, information and communication technologies (ICTs) seem to be the variable that generates the most positive effects on microenterprises, both in developed and developing countries. Therefore, the essential objective of this empirical study is to analyze the relationship between the adoption and use of ICTs of microenterprises located in the Dominican Republic and their level of growth, for which a sample of 1,199 microenterprises was considered. The results obtained show that ICTs have a significant positive relationship in the level of microbusiness growth.
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Santosh, Arvind Babu R., James R. Collins, Thaon Jones, Michael Brache, Milagros Toro, Sona Tumanyan, Christine Walters, Sharon White, and Augusto Elias-Boneta. "The SmoCar Study: A Caribbean-Based Multicenter Study on the Prevalence and Disparities Linked to Smoking and Gingival Health." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 40, no. 4 (December 22, 2019): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x19895901.
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The aim of the SmoCar (Smoking in the Caribbean) study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking and the disparities in the smoking practices of three regions in the Caribbean: Jamaica, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. The secondary objective was to assess the prevalence and severity of gingivitis in relation to the smoking practices. The study population comprised 1,847 (weighted N = 1,830) individuals (18 years and older) who were volunteer participants from the capitals of Jamaica, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. A structured interview was used to assess the participants’ smoking behaviors. The gingival index was used to determine the extent of gingival inflammation. Polytomous regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for smoking status (current, past, or never), according to risk factors (sex, age-group, education, marital status, tooth-brushing frequency, and city of residence). Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between different smoking status variables and mild to moderate/severe gingivitis. The majority of the participants were never-smokers, with current smokers being found most commonly in Kingston (33.22%), followed by San Juan (12.76%) and Santo Domingo (8.8%). Both current (aOR = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [1.45, 3.40]) and past (aOR = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [1.19, 2.93]) smoking (vs. never smoking) was strongly associated with severe gingivitis. Smoking was the most prevalent in Jamaicans and the least prevalent in Dominicans. The study population of current smokers was found to have a fourfold increased risk of severe gingivitis and a twofold increased risk of moderate gingivitis.
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PARRA, LUIS A., CLAUDIO ANGELINI, BEATRIZ ORTIZ-SANTANA, GERARDO MATA, CHRISTOPHE BILLETTE, CARLOS ROJO, JIE CHEN, and PHILIPPE CALLAC. "The genus Agaricus in the Caribbean. Nine new taxa mostly based on collections from the Dominican Republic." Phytotaxa 345, no. 3 (March 27, 2018): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.345.3.2.
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Field collections of Agaricus were collected in the Dominican Republic from 2009–2016 with the intent to evaluate the diversity in this genus, which was quasi-unknown in this country. In the same period, studies on tropical Agaricus revealed tropical clades that remained unclassified. A new taxonomic system of classification was developed, with the aim, inter alia, to integrate such tropical clades. A recent phylogenetic study, which included some samples from the Dominican Republic, revealed they belonged to three putative new sections. Our objective in this paper is to describe the species of Agaricus collected in this country and to classify them whitin the new taxonomic system, including formal descriptions of the three new sections to which they belong. A preliminary study indicated that the collections of the Dominican Republic belong either to a group of three related subgenera (Flavoagaricus, Minores, and Minoriopsis) or to the unrelated A. subg. Pseudochitonia. For the species of the three related subgenera, a phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences data reliably confirmed the classification of the species into five sections including the three new sections, which were well supported. For the collections of A. subg. Pseudochitonia, preliminary studies indicated that they all belonged to species of A. sect. Xanthodermatei without any doubt except for one species. This species was included in a multi-gene (ITS, LSU and tef-1α) phylogenetic analysis which confirmed placement in this section. Consequently, all the samples were included in a phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences and focusing on A. sect. Xanthodermatei. We noted an unusually high intraspecific variability in the ITS sequences of five of the 12 studied species. Fifteen taxa are described, among which three sections and six species are new for science: Agaricus sect. Kerrigania, Agaricus sect. Minoriopsis, Agaricus sect. Pantropicales, A. argenteopurpureus, A. candussoi, A. flavidodiscus, A. lodgeae, A. porphyropos and A. tephrolepidus. We report all these taxa from the Dominican Republic but the latter three species are also recorded from Puerto Rico, United States Virgin Islands, and Mexico, respectively.
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Jayawardena, Asitha D. L., Zelda J. Ghersin, Marcos Mirambeaux, Jose A. Bonilla, Ernesto Quiñones, Evelyn Zablah, Kevin Callans, et al. "A Sustainable and Scalable Multidisciplinary Airway Teaching Mission: The Operation Airway 10-Year Experience." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 163, no. 5 (June 30, 2020): 971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820935042.
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Objective To address whether a multidisciplinary team of pediatric otolaryngologists, anesthesiologists, pediatric intensivists, speech-language pathologists, and nurses can achieve safe and sustainable surgical outcomes in low-resourced settings when conducting a pediatric airway surgical teaching mission that features a program of progressive autonomy. Study Design Consecutive case series with chart review. Setting This study reviews 14 consecutive missions from 2010 to 2019 in Ecuador, El Salvador, and the Dominican Republic. Methods Demographic data, diagnostic and operative details, and operative outcomes were collected. A country’s program met graduation criteria if its multidisciplinary team developed the ability to autonomously manage the preoperative huddle, operating room discussion and setup, operative procedure, and postoperative multidisciplinary pediatric intensive care unit and floor care decision making. This was assessed by direct observation and assessment of surgical outcomes. Results A total of 135 procedures were performed on 90 patients in Ecuador (n = 24), the Dominican Republic (n = 51), and El Salvador (n = 39). Five patients required transport to the United States to receive quaternary-level care. Thirty-six laryngotracheal reconstructions were completed: 6 single-stage, 12 one-and-a-half-stage, and 18 double-stage cases. We achieved a decannulation rate of 82%. Two programs (Ecuador and the Dominican Republic) met graduation criteria and have become self-sufficient. No mortalities were recorded. Conclusion This is the largest longitudinal description of an airway reconstruction teaching mission in low- and middle-income countries. Airway reconstruction can be safe and effective in low-resourced settings with a thoughtful multidisciplinary team led by local champions.
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de Luna, David, José Javier Sánchez, Miguel Peguero, Wilmary García, Sylmari Liciaga, Frank Brito, Pamela Fernández, et al. "Antimicrobial resistance profiles of microorganisms isolated from hospitalized patients in Dominican Republic." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 44 (September 23, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.36.
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Objective. To define the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the microorganisms most commonly isolated from hospitalized adult patients in Dominican Republic (DR). Methods. A retrospective, cross-sectional study of phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility patterns was conducted using data from 3 802 clinical microbiology reports specifying positive bacterial cultures in samples collected from patients admitted to the clinical, surgery, and intensive care units (ICU) at three tertiary-level care hospitals in the city of Santiago de los Caballeros from 1 January 2016 – 31 December 2017. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test (P ≤ 0.05) were used to analyze the qualitative variables. Results. At the three hospitals, there were 932, 1 090, and 1 780 microbiology reports analyzed. Of the total, 1274 were from the ICU, 1 042 from the surgery unit, and 1 486 from the clinical unit. Methicillin resistance was found in 57.3% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates and 75.3% of the coagulase-negative staphylococci. Third-generation cephalosporin resistance was detected in 54.4% of isolates identified as members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, 67.3% of the Acinetobacter spp., and 91.7% of the Pseudomonas, while carbapenem resistance was shown by 8.0%, 23.8%, and 51.0% of these, respectively. Most of the resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolates were found in just one hospital and the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to carbapenems was highest in the ICU. Conclusion. Antimicrobial resistance levels are high among hospitalized patients in Dominican Republic and may cause enhanced risk factors that impact clinical outcomes. Urgent measures are needed to address antimicrobial resistance in DR.
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Medrano, Martin, Rebeca López Rosario, Anyolina Núñez Payano, and Natacha Reynoso Capellán. "Burden, anxiety and depression in caregivers of Alzheimer patients in the Dominican Republic." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 8, no. 4 (December 2014): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642014dn84000013.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a major impact by limiting the ability to live independently. This condition of dependency involves all members of the family, particularly those who take direct care of patients. The changes that take place in caregivers' lives may alter their health and have an effect on the care of the sick. OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of burden, anxiety and depression in caregivers of Alzheimer's patients. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 67 family caregivers from the Alzheimer's Clinic Research Unit, Memory and Alzheimer, in the city of Santiago, Dominican Republic. Caregivers were evaluated for burden intensity with the Zarit scale and for both depression and anxiety using the respective Hamilton scales. Descriptive statistical analysis and Pearson correlation were used. RESULTS: 84% of caregivers were female, and 52% were older than 50 years. A total of 36% exhibited caregiver burden; 19% anxiety symptoms; and 43% depressive symptoms. No statistical significance was found between age, sex and number of hours of care. A significant association was found in the Pearson correlation coefficient between caregiver burden, anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: Caregiver burden was associated with anxiety and depression. It is important for health professionals to include caregiver assessments in the treatment protocols of dementia. Policy should include support programs for carers.
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Casilang, Clarisse G., Samantha Stonbraker, Ingrid Japa, Mina Halpern, Luz Messina, Andrew P. Steenhoff, Elizabeth D. Lowenthal, and Linda Fleisher. "Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Mobile Health in Development of an Exclusive Breastfeeding Tool: Focus Group Study With Caregivers and Health Promoters in the Dominican Republic." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 3, no. 2 (August 21, 2020): e20312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20312.
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Background Despite growing interest in the use of technology to improve health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), local attitudes toward mobile health (mHealth) use in these settings are minimally understood. This is especially true in the Dominican Republic, where mHealth interventions are starting to emerge. This information is critical for developing effective mHealth interventions to address public health issues, such as low exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates, which can lead to poor outcomes. With an EBF rate of 5% in the first 6 months of life, the Dominican Republic has one of the lowest EBF rates worldwide. Objective This study aims to describe the current use of information and communication technology (ICT) and to analyze the attitudes and perceptions related to using mHealth interventions among caregivers of children aged ≤5 years and health promoters in the Dominican Republic. Findings can inform mHealth strategies aimed at improving EBF in this, and other, LMICs. Methods Participants were recruited from 3 outpatient sites: the Niños Primeros en Salud program at Centro de Salud Divina Providencia in Consuelo (rural setting) and Clínica de Familia La Romana and its program Módulo de Adolescentes Materno Infantil in La Romana (urban setting). Focus groups were conducted with caregivers and community health promoters to identify the use, attitudes, perceptions, and acceptability of mHealth as well as barriers to EBF. Discussions were conducted in Spanish, guided by semistructured interview guides. All sessions were audio-recorded and later transcribed. Thematic content analysis was conducted in Spanish by two bilingual researchers and was structured around a hybrid behavioral theory framework to identify salient themes. Results All participants (N=35) reported having a mobile phone, and 29 (83%) participants had a smartphone. Sources for obtaining health information included the internet, physicians and clinic, family and friends, health promoters, and television. Barriers to mHealth use included the cost of internet service, privacy concerns, and perceived credibility of information sources. Participants indicated the desire for, and willingness to use, an mHealth intervention to support breastfeeding. The desired features of a possible mHealth intervention included offering diverse methods of information delivery such as images and video content, text messages, and person-to-person interaction as well as notifications for appointments, vaccines, and feeding schedules. Other important considerations were internet-free access and content that included maternal and child health self-management topics beyond breastfeeding. Conclusions There is a high level of acceptance of ICT tools for breastfeeding promotion among caregivers in urban and rural areas of the Dominican Republic. As mHealth tools can contribute to increased breastfeeding self-efficacy, identifying desirable features of such a tool is necessary to create an effective intervention. Participants wanted to receive trusted and reliable information through various formats and were interested in information beyond breastfeeding.
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Franco, Edian F., Wilfredo Padrón Iglesia, and Karina Pérez Teruel. "Household Solid WasteManagement in the Dominican Republic: Case of the Municipality of Puñal, Santiago." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063149.
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One of the biggest problems that the Dominican Republic has had in recent decades is the efficient management of solid domestic waste. This problem has worsened in recent years due to the decrease in available areas for the construction of sanitary landfills, the lack of recycling culture in the population, the deficiency in waste collection, and the scarce legal controls aimed at preserving water, air and soil among other factors. The objective of this study is to explore the management of solid waste by the population and the municipality of Puñal, province of Santiago, to evaluate and analyze the situation and generation of solid waste, municipal solid waste management services, and the attitudes of the population regarding recycling projects and waste management. A total of 275 households from 29 localities in the municipality of Puñal were surveyed, which allowed for a significant population sample. According to the results, the most significant type of waste produced by families is organic waste, followed by plastic waste and paper. Of the total organic waste produced in the municipality, 53% of solids wastes are handled through the municipal waste collection system, while 47% is used as plant fertilizers or animal feed. On the other hand, most households receive the municipal waste collection service and pay for this service, through which the municipal government collects, processes, and deposits the waste in different landfills. However, a more efficient waste collection system and the development of programs and projects that allow households to manage the solid waste efficiently they produce would be necessary.
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Brito, Maximo O., Melinda Davis, and Anindita Chakrabarti. "A cross-national study to compare the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of sexually transmitted diseases and the sexual risk behaviors of Latino adolescents." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0509.
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Abstract Background: Adolescents are at high risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). However, little is known about differences in knowledge and risk behaviors across nationalities. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and perceptions of STDs and the sexual risk behaviors in Latino adolescents in the United States (US) and the Dominican Republic (DR). Methods: A survey was administered to 364 high school students after obtaining parental consent. The questionnaire asked about demographics, sources of STD information, risk behaviors, and knowledge of syphilis, gonorrhea, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Mean percentage scores were calculated to compare correct responses by nationality, gender, and sexual activity. Predictors of self-reported high risk sexual behavior were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: In all, 242 (66%) US and 122 (34%) DR students were interviewed. Of these, 52% were males. Median age was 15 years (range, 13–18). Sexual activity was reported by 40% of the participants and did not differ by gender (p=0.43) or national origin (p=0.53), although it was greater for adolescents older than 15 years of age (60% vs. 35%, p<0.001). US students identified abstinence as an effective STD prevention method more often than their counterparts (p=<0.001). Knowledge of specific STDs was higher in girls (p=0.002) and Dominicans (p=0.003). Predictors of high risk behavior were male gender (OR<uni-003D;2.50, 95% CI 1.35–4.63) and being sexually active (OR<uni-003D;3.09, 95% CI 1.71–5.59). Conclusions: Sexual activity at an early age was prevalent, and knowledge of STDs low in these two groups of high school students. Males and sexually active individuals were more likely to engage in high risk behaviors. Girls and Dominican students exhibited greater knowledge of specific STDs.
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Drexler, Alejandro, Greg Fischer, and Antoinette Schoar. "Keeping It Simple: Financial Literacy and Rules of Thumb." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.6.2.1.
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Micro-entrepreneurs often lack the financial literacy required to make important financial decisions. We conducted a randomized evaluation with a bank in the Dominican Republic to compare the impact of two distinct programs: standard accounting training versus a simplified, rule-of-thumb training that taught basic financial heuristics. The rule-of-thumb training significantly improved firms' financial practices, objective reporting quality, and revenues. For micro-entrepreneurs with lower skills or poor initial financial practices, the impact of the rule-of-thumb training was significantly larger than that of the standard accounting training, suggesting that simplifying training programs might improve their effectiveness for less sophisticated individuals. (JEL D4, G21, J24, L25, L26, M41, O16)
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Alonso, Francisco, Mireia Faus, Cristina Esteban, and Sergio A. Useche. "Is There a Predisposition towards the Use of New Technologies within the Traffic Field of Emerging Countries? The Case of the Dominican Republic." Electronics 10, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10101208.
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Technological devices are becoming more and more integrated in the management and control of traffic in big cities. The population perceives the benefits provided by these systems, and, therefore, citizens usually have a favorable opinion of them. However, emerging countries, which have fewer available infrastructures, could present a certain lack of trust. The objective of this work is to detect the level of knowledge and predisposition towards the use of new technologies in the transportation field of the Dominican Republic. For this study, the National Survey on Mobility was administered to a sample of Dominican citizens, proportional to the ONE census and to sex, age and province. The knowledge of ITS topics, as well as the use of mobile applications for mobility, are scarce; however, there was a significant increase that can be observed in only one year. Moreover, technology is, in general, positively assessed for what concerns the improvement of the traffic field, even though there is a lack of predisposition to provide one’s personal data, which is necessary for these devices. The process of technological development in the country must be backed up by laws that protect the citizens’ privacy. Thus, technologies that can improve road safety, mobility and sustainability can be implemented in the country.
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Zingman, Michael A., Amarilis Then Paulino, and Matilde Peguero Payano. "Clinical manifestations of chikungunya among university professors and staff in Santo Domingo, the Dominican Republic." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 41 (July 7, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2017.64.
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Objective. To further characterize chikungunya virus infection and its associated clinical manifestations, using a sample of university professors and staff in Santo Domingo, the Dominican Republic. Methods. A cross-sectional study with quota sampling by department was performed to obtain a convenience sample of professors (n = 736) and staff (n = 499) at the Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo. Surveys were used to collect demographic and infection data during the fall term of 2014. Univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out to quantify infection and clinical manifestation prevalence and to assess relationships of these outcomes with age, sex, and acute phase duration. Results. Of 1 236 participants, 49% reported infection (professors = 41%; staff = 61%). Of these, 53% also reported the presence of chronic effects, largely arthralgia (48%). Significant relationships were observed between reported infection and sex (P = 0.023), age (P < 0.001), and occupation (P < 0.001). More headache (P = 0.008) and edema (P < 0.001) in females, more headache (P = 0.005) in younger subjects, and more myalgia (P = 0.006) in those with longer acute symptoms were found. Additionally, more chronic arthralgia (P < 0.001; P = 0.003) and chronic edema (P < 0.001; P = 0.001) in females and older subjects, and more chronic myalgia (P = 0.041) and chronic edema (P = 0.037) in those with longer acute symptoms were observed. Conclusions. To the authors knowledge, this is the first population-based chikungunya prevalence study in the Dominican Republic, and the first to explore clinical manifestations in a university setting. The findings reflect results from studies following the 2005 – 2006 Reunion Island outbreak: prevalence of infection and chronic arthralgia, as well as associations with sex, age, and acute intensity. Longitudinal research can provide further insight into these effects.
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Lowe, Hyesoo, Natalie E. Cusano, Neil Binkley, William S. Blaner, and John P. Bilezikian. "Vitamin D Toxicity due to a Commonly Available “Over the Counter” Remedy from the Dominican Republic." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-1999.
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abstract Context: Hypercalcemia in ambulatory patients is occasionally caused by vitamin D toxicity. Objective: We report nine patients presenting to Columbia University Medical Center with hypercalcemia due to a supplement from the Dominican Republic containing massive amounts of vitamin D. Methods: Case histories and laboratory evaluation (calcium, PTH, vitamin D metabolites) are discussed in the context of other published cases of vitamin D toxicity. The supplement was analyzed by HPLC to quantitate vitamin D and A content. Results: Nine patients presented with hypercalcemia (range, 10.8–17.2 mg/dl; normal, 8.4–9.8 mg/dl), suppressed PTH (range, <3 to 11 pg/ml), and elevated 25-hydroxyvitamin D (range, 94–525 ng/ml; normal, 30–80 ng/ml) levels. All reported recently taking an over-the-counter vitamin supplement called Soladek readily available in the Dominican Republic and in Upper Manhattan. Although serum calcium values before the ingestion of Soladek were not elevated (baseline serum calcium range, 8.7–9.2 mg/dl), most had a disorder that can be associated with hypercalcemia [squamous cell cancer (n = 1), Pneumocystis or mycobacterial infection (n = 3), lymphoma (n = 1), granulomatous disease (n = 1), hyperthyroidism (n = 2)]. According to the manufacturer's label, each 5-ml vial of Soladek contains vitamin D (600,000 IU), vitamin A (120,000 IU), and vitamin E (5 mg). Laboratory analysis by HPLC revealed that the supplement actually contained vitamin D3 (864,000 IU) and vitamin A (predominantly retinyl palmitate 123,500 IU) per vial. Conclusion: Although hypercalcemia due to exogenous use of vitamin D is unusual, it is important to consider it in the differential diagnosis, particularly among individuals with access to Soladek.
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Yamamoto-Furusho, J. K., N. N. Parra-Holguín, E. Grupo-Colombiano, F. Bosques-Padilla, G. Veitia-Velásquez, E. Torres, F. Piñol-Jiménez, et al. "P749 Epidemiological and clinical characterisation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Latin America and the Caribbean: The EPI-LATAM IBD study from the Pan American Crohn’s colitis organisation." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S599—S600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.877.
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Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently recognised as a global health problem, since its incidence and prevalence have increased significantly worldwide in recent years. Studies in Latin America are only limited to reporting incidence and prevalence, so our main objective is to report the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of IBD in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Methods This is a multicentre cohort study in which 8 Latin American and Caribbean countries were included: Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela during the period from August 2017 to October 2019. Two study groups were conducted by geographic region due to their ethnicity, Group 1) Caribbean: Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic, Group 2) Latin America: Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela and Peru. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical programme SPSS v.24. A value of p <0.05 was taken as significant. Results This study included a total of 4216 IBD patients from 8 countries. The CD was more frequent than UC in the following countries: Puerto Rico with 68.5%, Dominican Republic 56.3% and Peru with 53.1%, while in the rest of the countries the frequency of UC predominated, in Colombia by 79.2%, Venezuela in 78.4%, Cuba in 69.9% and Mexico in 75.8%. The Caribbean countries had a significantly higher frequency in the fistulising phenotype in CD with 65.1% (p = 0.0001), steroid dependence in 11.51% (pp = 0.002), steroid resistance in 28.5% (pp = 0.0001), thiopurine intolerance in 1.40% (p = 0.0002), extraintestinal manifestations in 55.91% (p = 0.0001), IBD surgeries in 32.10% (p = 0.0001) and family history of IBD reported a frequency of 15.60% (p = 0.0001). For Latin America, the frequency of pancolitis was more frequent in 48.21% (p = 0001) in patients with UC. The factors associated with the use of biological therapy were: fistulising phenotype in CD, steroid resistance, thiopurine intolerance, presence of extraintestinal manifestations and IBD-related surgeries. There is an increased frequency in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades (2000–2019), being 7.5 times for UC and 12.5 times for CD as show in Figure 1. Conclusion This is the first large and multicentre study in Latin America and the Caribbean which showed significant increase in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades as well as the differences in clinical and epidemiological characteristics between both regions.
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DeLong, Jessica, and Ramón Virasoro. "Genitourinary reconstructive surgery curriculum and postgraduate training program development in the Caribbean." Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal 2, no. 2 (March 15, 2021): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.48083/rord8326.
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Objectives: To describe the development of a genitourinary reconstructive fellowship curriculum and the establishment of the first genitourinary reconstructive and pelvic floor postgraduate training program in the Caribbean. Methods: In an effort to respond to the need for specialty-trained reconstructive urologists in the Dominican Republic, we developed an18-month fellowship program to train local surgeons. The process began with creation of a curriculum and partnership with in-country physicians, societies, hospitals, and government officials. We sought accreditation via a well-established local university, and fellowship candidates were selected. A database was maintained to track outcomes. Subjective and objective reviews were performed of the fellows. Results: The first fellow graduated in 2018, the second in 2020, and the third is currently in training. The curriculum was created and implemented. The fellowship has been successfully integrated into the health system, and the fellows performed 199 and 235 cases, respectively, during the program, completing all rotations successfully. They have been appointed to the national health system. Both graduates are now docents in the program and in the public system. Additional staff including radiologists, radiology technicians, nurses, urology residents (both Dominican and American), urology attendings, operating room staff, and anesthesia residents were trained as a result of the program. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first fellowship of its kind in the Caribbean. A novel curriculum was created and implemented, and the first 2 fellows have successfully completed all rotations. This training model may be transferable to additional sites.
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Cherpitel, Cheryl J., Jane Witbrodt, Yu Ye, Maristela G. Monteiro, Hernán Málaga, Jeannette Báez, and Marisela Ponce de León Valdés. "Road traffic injuries and substance use among emergency department patients in the Dominican Republic and Peru." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 45 (March 24, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2021.31.
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Objective. To report demographic and substance use characteristics and risk of road traffic injury (RTI) from alcohol use, cannabis use, and combined use in a sample of emergency department patients from two countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods. A cross-sectional study in which patients 18 years and older admitted within six hours of suffering an RTI to one emergency department in Santa Domingo, Dominican Republic (n = 501) and in Lima, Peru (n = 431) were interviewed. Case-crossover analysis, based on self-reported use prior to the RTI, was used to analyze risk from alcohol, cannabis, and co-use. Results. Overall, 15.3% reported alcohol use prior to the event and 2.5% cannabis use. Drivers using alcohol only were over twice as likely to have an RTI (OR = 2.46, p < 0.001), and nearly eight times more likely if using both alcohol and cannabis (OR = 6.89, p < 0.01), but risk was not elevated for cannabis alone. Significant differences were not found for passengers or pedestrians. Conclusions. Risk of RTI for drivers in these two samples is significantly elevated from alcohol use, and more so for co-use with cannabis. Differences between the two countries underscore the need for similar data from the region to determine risk of RTI from substance use, including risk for passengers and pedestrians. Data suggest that alcohol contributes significantly to the burden of RTI, which calls for more stringent enforcement of alcohol control policy related to drink driving in the region.
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Gamble, Charlotte, Yongmei Huang, Ana Isabel Tergas, Maria Paula Ruiz, June YiJuan Hou, Fady Collado, Caryn St. Clair, and Jason Dennis Wright. "Quality of care and survival of women with uterine cancer by Hispanic origin: An NCDB analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e17120-e17120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e17120.
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e17120 Background: In cancer research in the US, Hispanic patients are often analyzed as a homogeneous group despite significant diversity within this ethnic classification. Our objective was to assess the impact of place of origin on quality of care and overall survival for Hispanic women with uterine cancer living in the US. Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to identify all patients with uterine cancer from 2004-2015. Hispanic origin was classified based on NCDB subgroups: Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, South or Central American, and Dominican Republic. Multivariable models were used to assess the adjusted relative risk (aRR) of receiving quality of care indicators. Thirty-day mortality and overall 5-year survival were calculated using multivariable log-Poisson and Cox proportional Hazard models. Results: A total of 5,411 Hispanic women and 288,111 non-Hispanic women were identified. Of Hispanic women, Mexican patients comprised the largest subgroup (n = 2,512), and increased from 34.5% to 49.7% over the study period. South or Central American (n = 1,217) and Dominican (n = 218) patients also increased modestly, while the volume of Puerto Rican patients remained unchanged (n = 877), and Cuban patients decreased from 23.3% to 5.6% (n = 587). Compared to non-Hispanic women, there were no significant differences in the rates of use of minimally invasive surgery, chemotherapy in early stage high risk disease, lymph node dissection, or 30-day readmission among the Hispanic subpopulations. Rates of chemotherapy for advanced stage disease were modestly increased for Dominican (aRR 1.37, 95%CI (1.23-1.54)) and South or Central American (aRR 1.16, 95%CI (1.05,1.29)) groups. Dominican patients had a statistically significant reduction in overall mortality at five years for stage III and IV disease with aHR 0.38, 95%CI (0.16-0.90) and aHR 0.28, 95%CI (0.09, 0.87), respectively. For all other Hispanic subgroups, there were no differences in stage-specific survival. Conclusions: The diversity within the Hispanic cohort of women with uterine cancer in NCDB is changing. Overall quality indicators and survival outcomes are comparable between each Hispanic origin group, with the exception of advanced stage Dominican women who are more likely to receive chemotherapy, and have superior survival outcomes.
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Prina, A. Matthew, Yu-Tzu Wu, Carolina Kralj, Daisy Acosta, Isaac Acosta, Mariella Guerra, Yueqin Huang, et al. "Dependence- and Disability-Free Life Expectancy Across Eight Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A 10/66 Study." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 5-6 (January 30, 2019): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264319825767.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate healthy life expectancies in eight low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), using two indicators: disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and dependence-free life expectancy (DepFLE). Method: Using the Sullivan method, healthy life expectancy was calculated based on the prevalence of dependence and disability from the 10/66 cohort study, which included 16,990 people aged 65 or above in China, Cuba, Dominican Republic, India, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela, and country-specific life tables from the World Population Prospects 2017. Results: DFLE and DepFLE declined with older age across all sites and were higher in women than men. Mexico reported the highest DFLE at age 65 for men (15.4, SE = 0.5) and women (16.5, SE = 0.4), whereas India had the lowest with (11.5, SE = 0.3) in men and women (11.7, SE = 0.4). Discussion: Healthy life expectancy based on disability and dependency can be a critical indicator for aging research and policy planning in LMICs.
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Lotfy, Mohamed, Sameh A. Sakr, and Basim M. Ayoub. "Successful Separation Of Craniopagus Parasiticus." Neurosurgery 59, no. 5 (November 1, 2006): E1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000245587.23710.a6.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE Craniopagus parasiticus is an extremely rare condition. The first attempt to separate such twins was performed in the Dominican Republic in 2004. The infant died 7 hours after surgery. The aim of this report is to present a case in which surgical separation was successfully performed on February 18, 2005. In February 2006, the child was still alive and in relatively good health. METHODS The authors operated on a patient with craniopagus parasiticus at Benha Pediatric Hospital in Egypt, 45 km north of Cairo. The child was 10 months old when the surgery was performed. By minimizing the time of surgery and adequate control of intraoperative bleeding, a successful surgical separation was achieved. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, and computed tomographic angiography provided the information necessary to perform surgery. RESULTS The child underwent operation at the age of 10 months; the duration of surgery was 9 hours. Bleeding was the most serious problem, with the child receiving four liters of blood. The main arterial supply to the parasite was via the middle cerebral artery and was ligated in the Sylvian fissure. Bleeding, however, was mostly venous and was mainly controlled by diathermy and thrombin soaked packs of Surgicel, as well as clipping. After separation of the parasitic head, the dura was repaired using artificial dural grafts. Free bone flaps from the parasite were used to cover the osseous defect in the autosite. Skin flaps from the parasite were also used to cover the cranium. CONCLUSION This is the second case of craniopagus parasiticus in which separation was attempted. The first patient, operated on in the Dominican Republic, died 7 hours after surgery. In the present case, the child is still alive and without neurological deficit.
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Bullock, Garrett S., Taylor Chapman, Thomas Joyce, Robert Prengle, Taylor Stern, and Robert J. Butler. "Examining Differences in Movement Competency in Professional Baseball Players Born in the United States and Dominican Republic." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 27, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2016-0251.
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Context: Dominican Republic (DR) players have different training norms, which can affect their resiliency and performance. The variance among DR players’ training regimens may be influenced by the degree of training incorporating fundamental movement patterns. Objective: To examine differences in fundamental movement patterns in United States (US)–born versus DR-born professional baseball players. Design: Cross-sectional cohort. Setting: Professional baseball athletic training room. Participants: One hundred forty-two players (76 DR-born and 66 US-born) who were recently selected by a Major League Baseball team. Intervention: Subjects completed the Functional Movement Screen using the standardized 7 movement tests and the 3 isolated clearing tests. Main Outcome Measures: The primary variables studied were composite score, left and right asymmetry, and individual movement standard scores. Two-way chi-squared analysis was utilized for the statistical analysis with statistical significance being identified at P < .05. Results: DR players had a larger number of 1s (7.8% vs 3.0%) and 3s (10.5% vs 1.5%) on the right-sided hurdle step and a greater percentage of 3s (82.8% vs 60.6%) on right-sided shoulder mobility. US players had a larger percentage of 3s (33.3% vs 13.4%) and a lower percentage of 1s (2.2% vs 15.1%) on the active straight leg raise and a greater percentage of passable scores (≥2; 99.5% vs 65.8%) on the trunk stability push-up. Conclusion: This study suggests that fundamental movement competency differs between US- and DR-born professional baseball players. Based on these movement competency differences, a player’s country of origin may be taken into account to create an effective training program.
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Giambrone, Ashley E., Linda M. Gerber, Jesica S. Rodriguez-Lopez, Chau Trinh-Shervin, Nadia Islam, and Lorna E. Thorpe. "Hypertension Prevalence in New York City Adults: Unmasking Undetected Racial/Ethnic Variation, NYC HANES 2004." Ethnicity & Disease 26, no. 3 (July 20, 2016): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.26.3.339.
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<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Using 2004 New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NYC HANES) data, we sought to examine variation in hypertension (HTN) prevalence across eight Asian and Hispanic subgroups. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>New York City, 2004 <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Main Outcome Measures: </strong>Logistic regression was performed to identify differences in HTN prevalence between ethnic subgroups controlling for age, sex, education and BMI. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall HTN prevalence among NYC adults was 25.5% (95% CI: 23.4-27.8), with 21.1% (95% CI: 18.2-24.3) among Whites, 32.8% (95% CI: 28.7-37.2) Black, 26.4% (95% CI: 22.3-31.0) Hispanics, and 24.7% (95% CI: 19.9-30.3) Asians. Among Hispanic subgroups, Dominicans had the highest HTN prevalence (32.2%), followed by Puerto Ricans (27.7%), while Mexicans had the lowest prevalence (8.1%). Among Asian subgroups, HTN prevalence was slightly higher among South Asians (29.9%) than among Chinese (21.3%). Adjusting for age, Dominican adults were nearly twice as likely to have HTN as non-Hispanic (NH) Whites (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.24-3.12), but this was attenuated after adjusting for sex and education (OR=1.27, 95% CI: .76 – 2.12). When comparing South Asians with NH Whites, results were also non-significant after adjustment (OR=2.00, 95% CI: .90-4.43). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When analyzing racial/ethnic subgroups, NH Black and Hispanic adults from Dominican Republic had the highest HTN prevalence followed by South Asian and Puerto Rican adults. Mexican adults had the lowest prevalence of all groups. These findings highlight that ethnic subgroup differences go undetected when stratified by broader racial/ ethnic categories. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study using objective measures to highlight these differences. <em>Ethn Dis. </em>2016;26(3):339-344; doi:10.18865/ed.26.3.339 </p>
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MOSCOSO, S., F. SOLÍS de los SANTOS, A. G. ANDINO, SANDRA DIAZ-SANCHEZ, and I. HANNING. "Detection of Quinolones in Commercial Eggs Obtained from Farms in the Espaíllat Province in the Dominican Republic." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-276.
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Previously, we reported the use of quinolones in broiler chickens resulted in residues in retail poultry meat obtained from nine districts in the Santiago Province of the Dominican Republic. Residues in poultry products are a concern due to consumer allergies and the potential to develop antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Given the use of quinolones in poultry production and our previous findings in poultry meat, the objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of quinolone residues in eggs. Samples were collected from 48 different farms located in three of the four municipalities (Moca, Cayetano Germosén, and Jamao) of the Espaíllat Province. Each farm was sampled three times between July and September for a total of 144 samples. Samples were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively for quinolone residues using the Equinox test. Operation systems (cage or floor), seasonality, and location were considered along with egg-producer sizes that were defined as small scale, <30,000 eggs per day; medium scale, 30,000 to 60,000 eggs per day; or large scale, >60,000 eggs per day. From small-, medium-, and large-scale producers, 69, 50, and 40% of samples were positive for quinolone residues, respectively. A greater number of samples were positive (61%) in floor-laying hen producers compared with those using cages (40%). In the Jamao municipality, 67% of the samples were positive compared with Moca and Cayetano Germosén, where 56 and 25% of samples were positive, respectively. Sampling time had an effect on percent positives: samples collected in July, August, and September were 71, 19, and 63% positive, respectively. Overall, 51% of the samples obtained from eggs produced in the province of Espaíllat were positive for quinolone residues at levels higher than the maximum limits for edible tissue established by the regulatory agencies, including the European Union and U.S. Department of Agriculture. The results obtained from this research confirmed the presence of quinolone residue in eggs, which may present a health risk to some consumers.
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Medrano, Martin, Gelanys Castro-Tejada, Rafael Lantigua, Gretel Silvestre, Sergio Diaz, Patricia Mota, and Franck Diaz-Garelli. "Vascular mild cognitive impairment and its relationship to hemoglobin A1c levels and apolipoprotein E genotypes in the Dominican Republic." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 15, no. 1 (March 2021): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-010007.
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ABSTRACT. Dementia and vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) currently impose a tremendous human and economic burden on patients from aging populations and their families worldwide. Understanding the interplay of cardiometabolic risk factors and apolipoprotein E (APOE) may direct us to a more personalized medicine and preventative care in MCI and dementia. Objective: To evaluate the relationship of cardiometabolic risk factors with MCI and assess the APOE genotype’s role in an elderly cohort in the Dominican Republic. Methods: We studied a cohort of 180 participants 65 years of age and older using a combined assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors, neuropsychological battery tests, and APOE genotyping. We used the number of failed tests as a proxy to predict MCI. Results: We found that patients with the ε3-ε4 APOE genotype had 2.91 higher number of failed cognitive tests (p=0.027) compared to patients with the ε3-ε3 genotyped. The rate of test failures increased 10% (p=0.025) per unit increase in HbA1c percentage. Conclusions: Increased Hemoglobin A1c levels and ε3-ε4 APOE genotypes seem to have an association with the development of VaMCI.
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Jáspez, Juan Francisco, and Marita Sánchez-Moreno. "Inducción a la profesión docente: Los problemas de los profesores principiantes en la República Dominicana." education policy analysis archives 27 (June 17, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.3891.
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This article presents the findings of an exploratory-descriptive study, with a quantitative-qualitative approach, whose objective was to identify and describe the problems faced by beginner teachers who participated in a teaching induction program (INDUCTIO) in the Dominican Republic. Two ad hoc questionnaires were designed and applied to 363 beginning teachers and 45 mentors respectively. Likewise, two focus groups were developed, one with twelve beginning teachers and the other with ten mentors. The findings reflect that management of discipline issues, motivation and the response to students´ individual differences are the problems most faced by beginning teachers. The perception of these problems meaningfully improves after remaining in the program for five months. Furthermore, significant differences are detected regarding the problems identified at the beginning of the program by both novice teachers and mentors. Similarly, significant differences were observed in relation to the problems that the two groups refer to have overcome.
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Navarro, Nuria. "Community Perceptions of Tourism Impacts on Coastal Protected Areas." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 8 (August 14, 2019): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7080274.
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The Dominican Republic is one of the countries with the highest growing number of tourists in coastal protected areas. The objective of this study was to examine the perceived impact of tourism on three coastal national parks, involving all the sectors related to these protected areas and tourism. Workshops were carried out in the coastal protected areas studied. The results revealed the poor integration of local communities in the management plans, the lack of information on protected areas, and the poverty of the majority of the resident families despite income of tourism. The findings of this study highlighted the concept of a carrying capacity or threshold for tourism development. Lower to moderate levels of tourism development appeared beneficial, but as tourism development increased, perceptions of the community worsened. The results also confirmed that tourism contributes to environmental degradation, mainly due to contamination of rivers and coastlines, accumulation of waste, and over-exploitation of natural resources. A series of strategies is proposed to minimize this impact.
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Rojas-Fermin, Rita Alexandra, Anel E. Guzman, Ann Sanchez, Edwin Germosen, Cesar Matos, and Alfredo J. Mena Lora. "406. Incidence of Community and Hospital Acquired Infections in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients in the Dominican Republic." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S304—S305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.607.
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Abstract Background The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, has caused a global public health crisis. COVID-19 causes lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and hypoxia. There is a paucity of data on bacterial and fungal coinfection rates in patients with COVID-19 at low and middle income countries (LMICs). Our objective is to describe the clinical characteristics of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in the Dominican Republic (DR) Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 from March 14th to December 31st 2020, at a 296-bed tertiary care level and teaching Hospital in the Dominican Republic. Demographic and clinical information was collected and tabulated. Laboratory confirmed bacterial and fungal infections were defined as community acquired infections (CAI) if diagnosed within 48 hours of admission and hospital acquired infections (HAI) when beyond 48 hours. Microbiologic data was tabulated by source and attribution. Results Our cohort had 382 COVID-19 patients. Median age was 64 and most were male (64.3%) and 119 (31.1%) were mechanically ventilated and 200 (52%) had central venous catheters. A total of 28 (7%) laboratory confirmed community acquired infections and 55 (14%) HAIs occurred. Community acquired infections included 13 (46%) bloodstream infections (BSIs), 11 (39%) urinary tract infections (UTI) and 6 (21%) LRTIs. HAIs included 39 (70%) BSIs, 11 (20%) UTIs and 6 (11%) ventilator associated pneumonias (VAP). Causal organisms of community and hospital acquired BSI and UTI are in Figure 1 and Figure 2 respecively. All-cause mortality was 35.3% (135/382) in our cohort, and 100% mortality (76) in those with coinfections. Figure 1. Community acquired and hospital acquired bloodstream infections in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU Figure 2. Community acquired and hospital acquired urinary tract infections in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU Conclusion Community and hospital acquired infections were common and in the ICU and likely contributed to patient outcomes. More than two thirds of HAIs in the ICU were BSIs. Central venous catheter device utlization and maintenance may play a role in BSIs, along with immunosuppression from COVID-19 therapeutics and translocation from mucosal barrier injury. Mortality in patients with coinfections was higher than those without. Infection prevention strategies to reduce device utilization during COIVD-19 in LMICs may have an impact on HAIs. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Geraldino-Pardilla, L., T. Kapoor, I. Canto, T. Perez-Recio, J. Then, C. Tineo, E. Loyo, and A. Askanase. "Damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus in Dominicans in New York City and the Dominican Republic." Lupus 27, no. 12 (August 9, 2018): 1989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203318791764.
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Objectives Hispanics with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the United States have more severe disease and damage accrual compared with whites. Data on Hispanics of similar ancestry in geographically different locations is limited but essential in defining genetic and environmental factors for SLE. This study evaluates SLE disease burden in two Dominican communities, Washington Heights in New York City (NYC) and Santiago in the Dominican Republic (DR). Methods Disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K)) and damage (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI)) were cross-sectionally measured in 76 Dominican SLE patients from the Columbia University Lupus Cohort in NYC and compared with 75 Dominican SLE patients living in Santiago in the DR. Results Mean (±SD) age was 40 (±14) and 36 (±11) years for NYC and DR patients, respectively. Median disease duration was 8 years. Disease activity was mild in both groups (SLEDAI-2K of 3 in NYC versus 4 in the DR). NYC Dominicans had more discoid lesions, positive anti-dsDNA, and anti-SSB antibodies. Dominicans in the DR used more corticosteroids, had less medical insurance, lower educational level, and were more likely to be unemployed, whereas more Dominicans in NYC smoked. NYC patients had a higher SDI compared with SLE patients in the DR (0.96 versus 0.24, p < 0.0001). Statistical significance was maintained in adjusted analysis (1.26 versus 0.57, p < 0.0001). Conclusion SLE Dominican patients in NYC had a higher SDI than those in the DR. Longitudinal studies are needed to ascertain whether this difference is due to biological, environmental factors, immigration patterns or a survival bias.
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Rojas-Fermin, Rita Alexandra, Ann Sanchez, Anel E. Guzman, Edwin Germosen, Cesar Matos, and Alfredo J. Mena Lora. "403. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in the Dominican Republic." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.604.
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Abstract Background The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, has caused a global public health crisis. Reported mortality rates across the world vary by region, local population characteristics and healthcare systems. There is a paucity of data on COVID-19 in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Our objective is to describe the clinical characteristics of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in the Dominican Republic (DR) Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe COVID-19 from March to December 31, 2020, at a 295-bed tertiary teaching hospital in the DR. Clinical characteristics, demographics, comorbidities, management and outcomes were tabulated. Survival was categorized by age and comorbidities. Results A total of 382 patients were admitted to the ICU. The median age was 64 (range 14-97) and 64.3% (246) were male. Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were the most common risk factors (Table 1). Corticosteroids were used in 91.6% (350), tocilizumab in 63% (82), and remdesivir in 31.6% (31). Antibacterials were used in 99.2% (379) of patients in the ICU. All-cause mortality in the ICU was 35.3% (135). Mortality was higher in older age groups (Figure 1) and in patients with multiple coexisting comorbidities (Figure 2). Table 1. Comorbidities of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU Conclusion Hypertension, obesity and diabetes were common in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in the DR. Corticosteroids and tocilizumab were commonly used. Antibacterials were used in >99% of patients admitted to the ICU and may signal a target for future antimicrobial stewardship. Higher mortality rates were present in older age groups and those with multiple comorbidities. Risk of death increased drastically after age 40 and was comparative to those in advanced age groups. In patients with 4 comorbidities and above, mortality was more than three times higher. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Morales, Pablo Cañero, Francisco Orgaz Agüera, Tomás López-Guzmán, and Salvador Moral Cuadra. "Community Attachment and Support for Sustainable Tourism Development through the Attitudes of the Local Population: A Case Study in Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0037.
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AbstractThe globalization that is currently suffering the world is applicable to tourism, where sustainable tourism practices are required and consistent with the environment in which they develop, so that tourism practices made aware of the local population are conformed as an important engine from the social and economic point of view where it is inserted. The objective of this research is to carry out an analysis between the possible relationships between the attachment of the residents to the community as well as the support of the local population to sustainable tourism and the environmental attitudes of the residents. For this purpose, a duly structured questionnaire was used to carry out a descriptive analysis through the statistical program IBM SPSS v.24.0 and an analysis through the technique of structural equations (Structural Equation Modeling) through the program SmartPLS v.3.2.6. (Partial Least Squares). The results obtained establish a positive influence of community attachment on support for sustainable tourism development.
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Nagele, A., E. Gomes, A. Ruiz, L. F. Nasser, S. Feliu, E. Rodriguez, K. Mojica, et al. "143 COMPARISON OF COMMERCIAL IN VITRO EMBRYO PRODUCTION AND PREGNANCY RATES OF BRAHMAN DONORS IN PANAMA VERSUS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, no. 1 (2014): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv26n1ab143.
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It has been previously demonstrated (IETS 2011) that Panama is applying the biotechnology of in vitro embryo production (IVP) to their bovine reproduction management systems. The present work demonstrates the ability to apply the IVP technology across 2 distant country borders. Herein, we demonstrate that a country (Dominican Republic; DR) that does not have a bovine IVP laboratory can take advantage of fresh bovine IVP embryos for transfer using distant IVP facilities in another country (Panama; ~1500 km away). The objective of this study was to demonstrate that a model system for large-scale commercial in vitro bovine embryo production for beef and dairy producers, that do not have IVP technology in their home country, could be developed producing comparable results. As the same laboratory provides IVP services to the both countries, a special sanitary protocol was developed in order to legalize the exchange of biological materials (oocytes or embryos). The data obtained in DR was compared to Panamanian client data because identical conditions were utilised for IVP. Cattle production systems were similar, as Brahman (a Zebu type of cattle) is the most popular breed in both countries. Oocytes were collected from 10 different herds in Panama and 4 different herds in DR. The oocytes were transported in an oocyte transporter in both instances. However, oocytes from DR were transported in InVitro Brasil™ maturation medium from 12 to 18 h and in Panama from 6 to 12 h before they were placed in a standard CO2 incubator. In both cases, the oocytes were matured for 24 h before fertilization with conventionally frozen Brahman semen in InVitro Brasil™ fertilization medium, followed by culture for up to 7 days in InVitro Brasil™ embryo culture medium. The embryos were transferred on Day 7, either in Panama or DR. They were transported by car in Panama and via airplane back to DR. A comparison of oocyte number and quality, cleavage, embryo production, and pregnancy rate, was made using the same in vitro production system for Brahman donors from September 2012 until May 2013. The difference between sites in the relative number of viable oocytes, relative number of cleaved oocytes among viable oocytes, relative number of embryos produced among cleaved oocytes, and relative number of embryos produced among viable oocytes was tested using Fisher's exact test. Pregnancy rate was analysed with chi-squared. We realise these results represent field data; however, we believe the present work is a significant step in demonstrating the potential for wide commercial-scale dissemination of IVP technology between distant countries. The number of embryos produced in Panama was slightly, but significantly, higher than those produced in DR; this is likely due to the larger number of donors and oocytes from the Panamanian herds. However, the pregnancy rate was higher in DR, likely due to the health status of DR recipients. These data illustrate that IVP using Brahman donors could be used as a tool to improve and spread superior genetics. Furthermore, this technique can serve as a model for other Central American and Caribbean countries under similar management systems. Table 1.Panama and the Dominican Republic in vitro Brahman embryo production and pregnancy (September 2012 through May 2013)
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La Rotta VIillamizar, Diego Radael, Diogenes Lizardo Álvarez, and Daniel Lara Ángeles. "Validación al contexto de la República Dominicana del cuestionario Maslach burnout inventory, en maestros de eduación física (MBI-ED) (Validation of the Maslach burnout inventory questionnaire, in professors in physical education (MBI-ED) in the Dominica." Retos 41 (April 22, 2021): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v41i0.79319.
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El objetivo de este estudio fue validar al contexto de República Dominicana el Cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) versión aplicada a docentes del área de educación física. En el estudio participaron 162 educadores físicos adscritos a centros educativos tanto públicos como privados. Se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento. Los resultados sustentaron como mejor solución factorial un modelo multidimensional representado por las tres subescalas originales en las cuales se omitieron algunos ítems con la finalidad de apoyar la validez y fiabilidad del instrumento, arrojando valores significativos para el alfa de Cronbach para las tres subescalas (.86 agotamiento emocional, .67 realización personal, .60 para despersonalización). Esta versión se mostro invariante respecto al género; no obstante, los resultados de este estudio apoyan la validez y fiabilidad del instrumento en el contexto aplicado, salvo las limitaciones identificadas en estudios anteriores a nivel mundial tanto en las versiones en castellano como en inglés del cuestionario denominado MBI.
Abtract. The objective of this study was to validate the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) version applied to teachers of physical education area, in the context of Dominican Republic. The study involved 162 physical educators assigned to both public and private schools. The psychometric properties of the instrument were analyzed. The results supported as a best factor solution a multidimensional model represented by the three original subscales in which some items were omitted in order to support the validity and reliability of the instrument, yielding significant values for Cronbach's alpha for the three subscales (.86 emotional exhaustion, .67 personal fulfillment, .60 for depersonalization). This version was invariant with respect to gender; However, the results of this study support the validity and reliability of the instrument in the applied context, except for the limitations identified in previous studies worldwide in both the Spanish and English versions of the MBI questionnaire.
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Capitango, José, and Germán Vargas Callejas. "Conhecimentos, experiências e práticas vitais tradicionais indígenas como fundamento para a construção de uma cultura de sustentabilidade." Ambiente & Educação 24, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 287–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/ambeduc.v24i2.9733.
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RESUMO
O presente estudo objetiva valorizar aqueles aspetos das culturas tradicionais (conhecimentos, estilos de vida...) que podem servir de fundamento para a construção e cultivo de uma cultura de sustentabilidade a nível global. A informação que sustenta este estudo provém do projeto "Processos e práticas educativas para a transição a uma cultura da sustentabilidade e a cooperação em Galícia e República Dominicana - Investigação-Ação", como também da tese em processo de elaboração sobre "Educação e Desenvolvimento nas Comunidades Ovimbundu de Angola: Estudo etnográfico da Comunidade de Ombala Ekovongo-Bié/Angola" (investigação etnografica). Trata-se de uma tentativa de aproximar as duas realidades histórico-culturais (africana, latino-americana), naquilo que as suas populações indígenas têm de comum em termos de conhecimentos e experiências para subsidiar a construção da cultura de sustentabilidade.
Palavras-chave: conhecimentos; experiências vitais tradicionais indígenas; cultura de sustentabilidade
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to value those aspects of traditional cultures (knowledge, lifestyles ...) that can serve as the foundament for the construction and cultivation of a culture of sustainability at a global level. The information that supports this study comes from the project "Educational processes and practices for the transition to a culture of sustainability and cooperation in Galicia and the Dominican Republic - Research-Action", as well as the thesis in the process of elaboration on "Education and Development in Ovimbundu Communities of Angola: Ethnographic study of the Ombala Ekovongo-Bié / Angola "community (Ethnographic Research). It is an attempt to bring together two historical-cultural realities (African and Latin American), in what their indigenous populations have in common in terms of experience and knowledge, to subsidize the construction of culture of sustainability.
Keywords: knowledge; traditional indigenous life experiences; culture of sustenability
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Villagrán, Edwin, and Andrea Rodriguez. "Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of a New Structure of Protected Agriculture Established in a Region of Tropical Climate Conditions." Fluids 6, no. 6 (June 14, 2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6060223.
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Determining airflow patterns and their effect on the distribution of microclimate variables such as temperature is one of the most important activities in naturally ventilated protected agricultural structures. In tropical countries, this information is used by farmers and decision makers when defining climate management strategies and for crop-specific cultural work. The objective of this research was to implement a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model in 3D to determine the aerodynamic and thermal behavior of a new protected agricultural structure established in a warm climate region in the Dominican Republic. The numerical evaluation of the structure was carried out for the hours of the daytime period (6–17 h), the results found allowed to define that the CFD model generates satisfactory predictions of the variables evaluated. Additionally, it was found that airflow patterns are strongly affected by the presence of porous insect screens, which generate moderate velocity flows (<0.73 m s−1) inside the structure. It was also identified that the value of the average temperature inside the structure is directly related to the air flows, the level of radiation and the temperature of the outside environment.
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Pengpid, Supa, and Karl Peltzer. "Hand and Oral Hygiene Practices among Adolescents in Dominican Republic, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago: Prevalence, Health, Risk Behavior, Mental Health and Protective Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 7860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217860.
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Objective: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of oral hygiene (OH) and hand hygiene (HH) behavior among school adolescents in three Caribbean countries. Method: In all, 7476 school adolescents (median age 14 years) from the Dominican Republic, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago responded to the cross-sectional Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2016–2017. Results: The prevalence of poor OH (tooth brushing < 2 times/day) was 16.9%, poor HH (not always before meals) was 68.2%, poor HH (not always after toilet) was 28.4%, and poor HH (not always with soap) was 52.7%. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, current cannabis use, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, poor mental health, and low parental support increased the odds for poor OH. Rarely or sometimes experiencing hunger, trouble from alcohol use, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, poor mental health, and low parental support were associated with poor HH (before meals and/or after the toilet, and/or with soap). Conclusion: The survey showed poor OH and HH behavior practices. Several sociodemographic factors, health risk behaviors, poor mental health, and low parental support were associated with poor OH and/or HH behavior that can assist with tailoring OH and HH health promotion.
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Eddington, David Ellingson. "Grouping Spanish-speaking countries by dialect: A corpus dialectometric approach." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 8, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.207.
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The present study attempts to cluster Spanish-speaking countries into dialect regions by computational means. The frequencies of 592 lexical and grammatical features for 21 countries were obtained the from Corpus del Español-Web Dialects. Principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering analyses used the resulting data to group countries into dialect regions. A number of algorithms were used to rank features in terms of how much they aided in dialect classification, which allowed grouping based on a smaller set of features. Six dialect zones were identified: European (Spain), Southern Cone (Uruguay, Argentina), Southern Central America (Costa Rica, Panama), Caribbean (Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic), Northern Central America (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras), Andean South America (Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Peru). However, different subsets of features, and different clustering algorithms produced groupings that varied somewhat. The bulk of the variation dealt with where Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, and the US fit into the dialect regions. The difficulties of the computational approach to dialect classification are discussed. Allowing computer algorithms to determine dialect boundaries appears objective. However, interpreting a principal components analysis entails a degree of subjectivity. Furthermore, the plethora of different classification algorithms allows the researcher to choose the one that produces the desired outcome.
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Palma-Bautista, Candelario, Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado, Ignacio Dellaferrera, Jesús M. Rosario, Mario R. Vigna, Joel Torra, and Rafael de Prado. "Resistance Mechanisms to 2,4-D in Six Different Dicotyledonous Weeds Around the World." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (April 14, 2020): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040566.
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2,4-D resistance is increasing around the world due to both transgenic crops and resistance to other herbicides. The objective of the this study was to characterize the currently unknown mechanisms of 2,4-D resistance in five weed species from around the globe: Amaranthus hybridus (Argentina), Conyza canadensis (Hungary), Conyza sumatrensis (France), Hirschfeldia incana (Argentina) and Parthenium hysterophorus (Dominican Republic), using Papaver rhoeas (Spain) as a standard resistant (R) species. Dose-response trials using malathion and absorption, translocation and metabolism experiments were performed to unravel the resistance mechanisms. R plants produced at least 3-folds less ethylene than susceptible plants, confirming the resistance to 2,4-D, together with resistance factors >4. A. hybridus, P. hysterophorus and P. rhoeas showed both reduced translocation and enhanced metabolism. In the two Conyza sps., the only resistance mechanism found was enhanced metabolism. Malathion synergized with 2,4-D in all these species, indicating the role of cytochrome P450 in the herbicide degradation. In H. incana, reduced translocation was the only contributing mechanism to resistance. Among the six dicotyledonous weed species investigated, there was a differential contribution to 2,4-D resistance of enhanced metabolism and reduced translocation. Thus, extrapolating 2,4-D resistance mechanisms from one weed species to another is very risky, if even related.
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Ceder, Avishai, Oneximo Gonzalez, and Hugo Gonzalez. "Design of Bus Routes: Methodology and the Santo Domingo Case." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1791, no. 1 (January 2002): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1791-06.
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Growing traffic congestion, the importance of preserving the environment, and the problems of road safety are the main reasons to consider new initiatives worldwide in designing new urban transit routes. A need exists to develop a practical methodology for the construction of a new or improved network of bus routes along with intermodality considerations. An approach for the design of urban bus routes is presented with an example of designing new bus routes for the city of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic. Santo Domingo has major congestion, environmental, and safety problems. The presented approach involves a framework for the construction of operational objective functions for the bus-network-design problem. This framework takes into account passenger, operator, and community interests. The methodology combines the philosophy of mathematical programming approaches with decisionmaking techniques, so as to allow the user to select from a number of alternatives. The overall formulation is nonlinear and mixed-integer programming. The bus-network-design formulation used in the case study of Santo Domingo, a city with 3 million inhabitants, involved a large network of feasible bus routes subjected to the proposed method and resulted in 84 new bus routes. With other accompanied measures, the new bus routes will change the bus system image in Santo Domingo.
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Park, Soon O., Dermot P. Coyne, Geunhwa Jung, E. Arnaud-Santana, and H. Ariyarathne. "Detection and Mapping of RAPD Markers Associated with QTL Affecting Seed Size and Shape in Common Bean." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 547b—547. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.547b.
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Seed size is an important trait in common bean. The objective was to identify RAPD markers associated with QTL for seed weight, seed length, and seed height in a molecular marker-based linkage map in a recombinant inbred (RI) population from the common bean cross of the larger seeded (100 seed/39 to 47 g) PC-50 (ovate seed shape) × smaller seeded (100 seed/26 to 35 g) XAN-159 (flat rhomboidal seed shape). The parents and RI lines were grown in two separate greenhouse and two field (Wisconsin, Dominican Republic) experiments using a RCBD. Continuous distributions for seed weight, seed length, and seed height were observed for RI lines indicating quantitative inheritance. One to three QTLs affecting seed weight explained 17% to 41% of the phenotypic variation. Two to three QTLs for seed length explained 23% to 45% of the phenotypic variation. One to four QTL associated with seed height explained 17% to 39% of the phenotypic variation. A RAPD marker M5.850 in linkage group 3 was consistently associated with seed weight, seed length, and seed height in all experiments and explained 7% to 13% of the phenotypic variation for these traits. A seedcoat pattern morphological marker (C) in linkage group 1 was associated with seed weight and seed height in two greenhouse experiments.
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Chernyak, Elena, Ryan Ceresola, and Morgan Herrold. "From past to present: children’s exposure of intimate partner violence and subsequent experience of IPV in adulthood among women." Journal of Gender-Based Violence 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/239868020x15893856098343.
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The objective of this research is to analyse the prevalence of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) in ten developing countries in four regions as identified by the Demographics and Health Survey (DHS): Sub-Saharan Africa with Mali and Nigeria; North Africa/West Asia with Egypt and Jordan; South and Southeast Asia with Cambodia, Pakistan and the Philippines; and Latin America and the Caribbean with Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Peru. These countries are all tested with one primary research question: whether witnessing physical IPV in family-of-origin is associated with women’s experience of physical IPV in adulthood. Past research has shown reason to believe witnessing parental violence is a significant risk factor in IPV in many nations, but the influence of IPV in these developing countries has not been examined.The results indicate that having witnessed physical IPV in one’s family-of-origin significantly increases the likelihood of experiencing later physical abuse, for respondents in all countries. By controlling for other factors, this finding provides robust support for the intergenerational transmission of violence theory, which explains the link between interparental aggression and physical IPV in subsequent relationships as a result of learned models of behaviour observed in childhood. Implications of this research for developing countries are also discussed.
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Mora, Joshua, Pablo Taveras, History Estill-Varner, Jose Javier Sanchez, Wyatte Hall, Zahira Quinones Tavarez, Edward Batista, Alan Jesurum, Shazia Siddiqi, and Timothy Dye. "3009 Understanding the Lived Experience of Deaf Dominicans: Implementing Qualitative Methods with the Deaf Community in the Dominican Republic." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.227.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Qualitative approaches help explore poorly understood phenomenon, and are highly engaging, enabling both sides of an encounter greater connection. Historically, Deaf communities have been marginalized and oppressed, with their linguistic needs unrecognized and ignored. As a result, Deaf participants are rarely involved in clinical research. Like other marginalized communities, the Deaf community experiences health disparity compared with others, especially in low- and middle-income settings. The purpose of this project was to assess the feasibility of conducting qualitative research with Deaf Dominicans. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We implemented a partnered research process with 59 Deaf community members in the Dominican Republic, conducting preliminary thematic analysis through reviews of interviews and on-site debriefings. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Participants were highly engaged with the Deaf-Deaf research encounters, indicating satisfaction with both the process and with the opportunity to communicate their needs and interests. Preliminary findings indicated Deaf Dominicans were highly engaged, confirming their interest, and often stated that they felt they were being listened for the first time. Indeed, some participants claimed that this was the first time they communicated their experiences as Deaf Dominicans and appreciated the opportunity to relate this experience to Deaf interviewers. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This experience confirms that the Deaf Dominican community can be mobilized and will participate in Deaf-Deaf research.
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García-Batista, Zoilo Emilio, Kiero Guerra-Peña, Antonio Cano-Vindel, Luisa Marilia Cantisano-Guzmán, Pablo Ezequiel Flores-Kanter, and Leonardo Adrián Medrano. "Medición de la comorbilidad depresiva en drogodependientes: Validez y eficacia diagnóstica del Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI-II) en dominicanos con múltiple consumo de sustancias." Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 24, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rppc.24111.
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Abstract: Measurement of depressive comorbidity in drug dependents: Validity and diagnostic efficiency of Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in Dominicans with multiple substance consumption. The present study proposed two main objectives, a) evaluate the validity of BDI-II for the identification of comorbid depressive symptoms in people with multiple substance abuse (i.e. Known-Groups Validity); and b) verify the diagnostic efficacy of the inventory for the distinction between general population and clinical drug dependents. From a two-stage sampling, a total of 116 Dominicans was selected, of whom 50% were drug-dependent. Analysis of differences between groups and analysis of COR curves were applied. The results show statistically significant and large effect size differences in depression levels in favor of the substance abuse group. In addition, COR curve analyses indicate that depression scores derived from BDI-II have adequate diagnostic performance indices. In short, evidence is provided in favor of the appropriateness and validity of the BDI-II to be applied in a population of drug dependents. Keywords: Drug dependents; depression; BDI-II; comorbidity; known-groups validity; COR curves; Dominican Republic. Resumen: El presente estudio se propuso como objetivos, a) evaluar la validez del BDI-II para la identificación de sintomatología depresiva comórbida en personas con múltiple abuso de sustancias (i.e. Known-Groups Validity); y b) verificar la eficacia diagnóstica del inventario para la distinción entre población general y drogodependientes clínicos. A partir de un muestreo bietapico, se seleccionó un total de 116 dominicanos de los cuales el 50% era drogodependiente. Se aplicaron análisis de diferencias entre grupos y análisis de curvas COR. Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas, y de tamaño del efecto grande, en los niveles de depresión en favor del grupo de personas con problemática de abuso de sustancias. Además, los análisis de curvas COR indican que los puntajes de depresión derivados del BDI-II presentan índices de rendimiento diagnóstico adecuados. En suma, se aporta evidencia a favor de la adecuación y validez del BDI-II para ser aplicado en población de drogodependientes. Palabras clave: Drogodependencia; depresión; BDI-II; comorbilidad; known-groups validity; curvas COR; República Dominicana.
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Ayón Lucio, Carlos Alberto, Teresa Véliz Castro, Teresa Ayón Lucio Ayón Lucio, and Nereida Valero Cedeño. "PREVALENCIA E INMUNIDAD AL VIRUS DENGUE Y FACTORES DE RIESGOS EN LATINOAMÉRICA." Enfermería Investiga 8, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31243/ei.uta.v8i1.1892.2023.
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Introducción: El dengue es una enfermedad viral, considerada uno de los mayores retos por el creciente problema en la salud pública de representación endémo-epidémico, transmitido por mosquitos del género Aedes aegypti. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia e inmunidad al virus dengue y los factores de riesgos en Latinoamérica. Métodos: El estudio fue de diseño documental, de tipo descriptivo, nivel explicativo, en el cual se analizaron un total de 20 artículos con información referente a las variables de estudio correspondiente a los últimos 10 años. Utilizando bases de datos como Medline, Scielo, Cochrane Library, Elsevier, Redalyc y Google Académico. Resultados: Los países con más afectación con la prevalencia del virus fueron Brasil y Republica Dominicana, en Estados Unidos se midió el impacto y eficacia de la vacuna de dengue para generar inmunidad en personas de 2 a 16 años, dando los siguientes resultados de 35.000 inoculados hasta el año 3 después de la primera dosis, la protección de la vacuna tuvo una eficacia de un 65%. Conclusiones: El dengue es una enfermedad que afecta de manera crítica al ser humano causada por un virus, transmitido por mosquitos, afecta de 50 a 100 millones de personas y que causa una alta mortalidad anualmente, sobre todo en regiones tropicales y subtropicales del planeta.
Palabras clave: Aedes aegypti, virus del dengue, epidemiologia, incidencia, mortalidad.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Dengue is a viral disease, considered one of the greatest challenges due to the growing public health problem of endemic-epidemic representation, transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes aegypti genus. Objective: to describe the prevalence and immunity to the dengue virus and the risk factors in Latin America. Methods: The study was of a documentary design of the type of study is descriptive, explanatory level, a total of 30 articles were analyzed from which information was extracted regarding the study variables corresponding to the last 10 years. Results: The countries most affected by the prevalence of the virus were Brazil and the Dominican Republic. In the United States, the impact and efficacy of the dengue vaccine was measured to generate immunity in people aged 2 to 16 years, giving the following results of 35,000 inoculated up to year 3 after the first dose, the protection of the vaccine was 65% effective. Conclusion: Dengue is a disease that critically affects humans caused by a virus transmitted by mosquitoes, affects 50 to 100 million people and causes about 25.000 deaths annually, especially in tropical and subtropical regions of the planet.
Keywords: Aedes aegypti, dengue virus, epidemiology, incidence, mortality