Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dominance behaviors

Academic literature on the topic 'Dominance behaviors'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Dominance behaviors"

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Ralston, Roy W., and Rollie O. Waters. "The Impact of Behavioral Traits on Performance Appraisal." Public Personnel Management 25, no. 4 (December 1996): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609602500401.

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This study investigates the effects of supervisor and subordinate measurable behavior on overall subjective/perceptual performance evaluation ratings. The behaviors operationalized as predictors are Dominance (D), Inducement (I), Steadiness (S), and Compliance (C). Correlation and hierarchical regression analyses establish positive effects on behavioral scales measuring: (1) Dominance, (2) Compliance, and (3) Inducement at the supervisory level. In the latter case, positive effects were found when comparing Supervisors with high levels of Inducement (I) to Subordinates with high levels of Compliance (C). Subordinates' Dominance (D) and Steadiness (S) scores also affected the performance evaluation ratings by Supervisors. Implications for employee performance and evaluation are discussed.
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Johnson, Sheri L., and Charles S. Carver. "The dominance behavioral system and manic temperament: Motivation for dominance, self-perceptions of power, and socially dominant behaviors." Journal of Affective Disorders 142, no. 1-3 (December 2012): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.015.

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Mazur, Allan, and Alan Booth. "Testosterone and dominance in men." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, no. 3 (June 1998): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x98001228.

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In men, high levels of endogenous testosterone (T) seem to encourage behavior intended to dominate – to enhance one's status over – other people. Sometimes dominant behavior is aggressive, its apparent intent being to inflict harm on another person, but often dominance is expressed nonaggressively. Sometimes dominant behavior takes the form of antisocial behavior, including rebellion against authority and law breaking. Measurement of T at a single point in time, presumably indicative of a man's basal T level, predicts many of these dominant or antisocial behaviors. T not only affects behavior but also responds to it. The act of competing for dominant status affects male T levels in two ways. First, T rises in the face of a challenge, as if it were an anticipatory response to impending competition. Second, after the competition, T rises in winners and declines in losers. Thus, there is a reciprocity between T and dominance behavior, each affecting the other. We contrast a reciprocal model, in which T level is variable, acting as both a cause and effect of behavior, with a basal model, in which T level is assumed to be a persistent trait that influences behavior. An unusual data set on Air Force veterans, in which data were collected four times over a decade, enables us to compare the basal and reciprocal models as explanations for the relationship between T and divorce. We discuss sociological implications of these models.
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Poirier, Frank E., and Lori J. Fitton. "Primate cultural worlds: Monkeys, apes, and humans." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 2 (April 2001): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01503969.

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Monkeys and apes, inhabiting variable environments and subjected to K-selection, exhibit cultural behavior transmitted horizontally and vertically, like cetaceans. Behaviors enhancing better health and nutrition, predator avoidance, or mate selection, can affect differential reproduction.Furthermore, dominance hierarchies and social status not only affect the transmission and acceptance of new behaviors but they may also affect genetic inheritance.
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Warns, Friederike K., Mehmet Gültas, Astrid L. van Asten, Tobias Scholz, and Martina Gerken. "Is There a Link between Suckling and Manipulation Behavior during Rearing in Pigs?" Animals 11, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041175.

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Inadequate possibilities to perform oral manipulation behavior for pigs can lead to misdirection and thus tail biting. Our study aimed to analyze manipulation behaviors of weaner pigs with focus on tail biting and the relationship with agonistic characteristics of the piglets during suckling. We analyzed the individual manipulation behavior of 188 weaner pigs. General health condition and tail lesions were determined weekly. Correlations were estimated between weight at weaning and at the end of rearing period, frequency of manipulative rearing behaviors and Dominance and social tension index based on suckling behavior. Principal component and cluster analyses were performed to identify groups of piglets which showed similar suckling and rearing behaviors. Tail biting increased at the middle and end of rearing with switching roles of biters and victims. Tail lesions were correlated with received tail biting behavior but occurred with a delay of more than a week. The frequency of performed tail biting was correlated with dominance index (rs = −0.256, p < 0.01) and weaning weight (rs = −0.199, p < 0.05). We assume that performed tail biting is more often observed in pigs who show mainly submissive behavior in teat disputes.
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Müller, Christian P., and Davide Amato. "Winner takes it all: Addiction as an example for selfish goal dominance." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 2 (April 2014): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13002112.

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AbstractHere we argue that the selfish goal concept may well be suitable to explain inconsistencies not only in micro-behaviors, but also in the gross behavioral repertoire of an individual, which is often associated with psychopathologies, such as addiction. Neurophysiological evidence for pathological conditions like addiction emerged, and this evidence may also serve as an explanatory model for normal behaviors.
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Linkey, Helen E., and Ira J. Firestone. "Dyad dominance composition effects, nonverbal behaviors, and influence." Journal of Research in Personality 24, no. 2 (June 1990): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(90)90017-z.

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Maner, Jon K. "Dominance and Prestige: A Tale of Two Hierarchies." Current Directions in Psychological Science 26, no. 6 (November 15, 2017): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721417714323.

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Dominance and prestige represent evolved strategies used to navigate social hierarchies. Dominance is a strategy through which people gain and maintain social rank by using coercion, intimidation, and power. Prestige is a strategy through which people gain and maintain social rank by displaying valued knowledge and skills and earning respect. The current article synthesizes recent lines of research documenting differences between dominance- versus prestige-oriented individuals, including personality traits and emotions, strategic behaviors deployed in social interactions, leadership strategies, and physiological correlates of both behaviors. The article also reviews effects that dominance versus prestige have on the functioning and well-being of social groups. The article also presents opportunities for future research and discusses links between dominance and prestige and the social psychological literature on power and status.
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Mech, L. David, and H. Dean Cluff. "Prolonged Intensive Dominance Behavior Between Gray Wolves, Canis lupus." Canadian Field-Naturalist 124, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v124i3.1076.

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Dominance is one of the most pervasive and important behaviors among wolves in a pack, yet its significance in free-ranging packs has been little studied. Insights into a behavior can often be gained by examining unusual examples of it. In the High Arctic near Eureka, Nunavut, Canada, we videotaped and described an unusually prolonged and intensive behavioral bout between an adult male Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) and a male member of his pack, thought to be a maturing son. With tail raised, the adult approached a male pack mate about 50 m from us and pinned and straddled this packmate repeatedly over 6.5 minutes, longer than we had ever seen in over 50 years of studying wolves. We interpreted this behavior as an extreme example of an adult wolf harassing a maturing offspring, perhaps in prelude to the offspring's dispersal.
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Schrempf, Scott D., Kevin W. Burke, Jillian D. Wettlaufer, and Paul R. Martin. "Behavioral dominance interactions between Nicrophorus orbicollis and N. tomentosus burying beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae)." PeerJ 9 (February 23, 2021): e10797. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10797.

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Asymmetric interference competition, where one species is behaviorally dominant over another, appears widespread in nature with the potential to structure ecological communities through trade-offs between competitive dominance and environmental tolerance. The details of how species interact and the factors that contribute to behavioral dominance, however, are poorly known for most species, yet such details are important for understanding when and why trade-offs occur. Here, we examine behavioral interactions between two species of burying beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) that compete for limited breeding resources (i.e., small vertebrate carcasses) in nature, to identify behaviors involved in interference competition and to test if large body size, species identity, or time of arrival best predict behavioral dominance among species. To test these ideas, we placed same-sex individuals of Nicrophorus orbicollis (early to mid-summer breeder) and N. tomentosus (late summer to fall breeder) into an enclosure together with a 25–30 g mouse carcass (Mus musculus). We then video-recorded all behaviors, including neutral and aggressive interactions, for 13 h per trial (N = 14 trials). For each interaction, we assigned a winner based on which beetle retained its position instead of fleeing or retained possession of the carcass; the overall behavioral dominant was determined as the individual that won the most interactions over the length of the trial. We found that large body size was the best predictor of behavioral dominance. In most interactions, N. orbicollis was larger and dominant over N. tomentosus; however, when N. tomentosus was larger they outcompeted smaller N. orbicollis, illustrating the importance of body size in aggressive contests. The order of arrival to the carcass (priority effects) did not predict behavioral dominance. The larger size and abundance of N. orbicollis in nature suggest a competitive asymmetry between the species, supporting the idea that N. orbicollis constrains the ability of N. tomentosus to breed earlier in the summer.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dominance behaviors"

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Curlin, Caroline. "Prediction of Verbal Dominance Behaviors using Constructivist Theory." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500956/.

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This study assessed how Constructivist theory accounts for verbal dominance. Conversations of rotating dyads were tape recorded, then coded for measures of dominance. Subjects completed a trait dominance scale and a constructivist personality test. Interpersonal rankings of dominance were found to be more consistent with observed behavior than trait dominance scores. Extreme trait dominance scores were associated with a constructivist measure indicating maladjustment. Dyads identified as more resistant to change were found to use fewer verbal control strategies; male/male dyads were characterized by direct, functional interactions. Dyads that were highly comfortable with one another utilized fewer verbal control methods. Lastly, interactions in which participants reported unfamiliar self-experiencing utilized higher levels of verbal control. Implications for group processing, assessment of dominance and sex differences are discussed.
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Guttman, Jerry. "Effect of Internal Consistency on the CPI Social Dominance Scale on the Predictability of Dominance Behaviors." TopSCHOLAR®, 1985. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2431.

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The purpose of this study was to show that the degree of consistency that people demonstrate on personality measures is positively related to the degree to which behaviors representing the personality domains can be predicted. Thirty five female consistent personality scale respondents and Thirty eight female inconsistent scale respondents participated in small group discussions. The results showed that for all females, scale scores on the California Psychological Inventory subscaJe of dominance were predictive of three measures of dominance behaviors in the discussion group. Consistent personality scale respondents had no measures that were significantly correlated with the dominance scale score, whereas three measures were correlated with scale scores for female inconsistent scale respondents. Fischer's Z-transformations revealed no significant differences between the zero-order correlations for inconsistent and consistent groups and no significant differences were found between multiple correlations for the two groups. The results replicate past research on the prediction of behavior in single sex discussion groups, but fall to provide evidence that consistent scale respondents are more predictable than inconsistent scale respondents in the social dominance domain.
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Musser, Juliene Yvonne. "Relating interpersonal behaviors to the constructs of dominance and warmth." Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1828650341&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Blowers, Tracy. "Social Grouping Behaviors of Captive Female Hippopotamus Amphibius." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3492.

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Levels of sociality vary depending on the costs and benefits associated with grouping behavior. Grouping species form either ephemeral aggregations due to resource availability, or structured groups based on familiarity of individuals. Because there are different costs and benefits associated with different types of groups, it is important to understand more about group structure before making predictions about specific behaviors. Female Hippopotamus amphibius are known to aggregate in the wild but the true nature of their grouping behavior is still not understood. My objective was to determine if captive female hippos form either ephemeral aggregations or social groups. Behavioral data, using continuous focal animal sampling and scan sampling, were collected on a group of nine captive female hippos housed at Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme Park. The behavioral data were used to analyze interactions between hippos, association patterns for kin and non-kin as well as familiarity, dominance hierarchy, and habitat preferences. My results support the hypothesis that hippos are forming social groups due to the attraction to particular individuals. There were more associations between kin than non-kin and also between individuals that have been together longer. Captive female hippos were also found to exhibit dominance patterns within the group. The results from this study may aid in the general understanding of hippopotamus behavior and aid in the captive management of hippos. Using my results as a starting point, research can begin looking at grouping patterns and its costs and benefits of sociality in wild hippopotamus populations.
M.S.
Department of Biology
Sciences
Biology MS
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Beavis, Katherine Anne. "To Couple or Not to Couple: The Effects of Romantic Relationships on Health Behaviors Among College Students." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1209481541.

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Goodman, Melinda Beth. "Mediating role of openness in the links of right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and traditional gender role attitudes to anti-lesbian and gay attitudes and behaviors." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013329.

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Thiele, Claire Elizabeth. "Dominance behavior within captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1526413821772221.

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McCusker, Matthew Erik. "Investigation of the Effects of Social Experience on Snapping Intensity in Equus caballus Foals." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31672.

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This study attempted to examine three aspects of Equus caballus foal snapping behavior. First, it suggested that the previous theoretical explanation for snapping established by behavioral researchers was incorrect. Second, as a means of suggesting an alternative hypothesis, this study proposed that snapping behavior could be a modified play response that was elicited when foals were confused by the complex social signals displayed by conspecifics. Finally, this project tested the aforementioned hypothesis by recording interactions between foals and conspecifics and analyzing the snapping intensity with each subjectâ s previous level of social experience. There were two indicators utilized to establish social experience. First, the â ageâ of the foal was employed as a measure of overall life experience and development. Second, the number of hours per day the foal was exposed to conspecifics gave an effective measure of the amount of time the subject had an opportunity to learn the complex Equine visual communication (referred to as â out-timeâ ).
Master of Science
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Nott, H. M. R. "Dominance and feeding behaviour in the brown rat." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233687.

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Horn, Barry L. (Barry Lee). "Cerebral Laterality and Leadership Assessment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277963/.

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The major purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between cerebral laterality dominance and leadership behavior and traits. An additional purpose was to determine whether a relationship exists between cerebral laterality dominance and gender, ethnicity, and educational position.
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Books on the topic "Dominance behaviors"

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Colombo, Jorge A. Dominance Behavior. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97401-5.

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Ellyson, Steve L., and John F. Dovidio, eds. Power, Dominance, and Nonverbal Behavior. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5106-4.

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L, Ellyson Steve, and Dovidio John F, eds. Power, dominance, and nonverbal behavior. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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Ziegler, Alexandre. The dominance of retail stores. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.

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1913-, Sagarin Edward, Kelly Robert J, and MacNamara Donal E. J, eds. Perspectives on deviance: Dominance, degradation, and denigration. Cincinnati, Ohio: Anderson Pub. Co. in association with the Edward Sagarin Institute for the Study of Deviance & Social Issues, 1991.

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W, Bean Joseph, ed. The master's manual: A handbook of erotic dominance. Los Angeles, CA: Daedalus Pub. Co., 1994.

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Migikiki no hebi kasetsu: Ou hebi, nigeru katatsumuri no migi to hidari no kyōshinka. Hadano-shi: Tōkai Daigaku Shuppankai, 2012.

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Salter, Frank K. Emotions in command: Biology, bureaucracy, and cultural evolution. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2008.

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Emotions in command: A naturalistic study of institutional dominance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Sullivan, Anna, Bruce Johnson, and Bill Lucas, eds. Challenging Dominant Views on Student Behaviour at School. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0628-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dominance behaviors"

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Savin-Williams, Ritch C. "Dominance Behaviors and Hierarchies in Male and Female Groups." In Adolescence: An Ethological Perspective, 105–29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8682-7_6.

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Bee, Nikolaus, Colin Pollock, Elisabeth André, and Marilyn Walker. "Bossy or Wimpy: Expressing Social Dominance by Combining Gaze and Linguistic Behaviors." In Intelligent Virtual Agents, 265–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15892-6_28.

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Colombo, Jorge A. "The Homo sapiens, Evolution of the Warmonger Human." In Dominance Behavior, 99–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97401-5_10.

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Colombo, Jorge A. "On the Human Dimension." In Dominance Behavior, 133–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97401-5_12.

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Colombo, Jorge A. "Sociobiological Interactions." In Dominance Behavior, 31–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97401-5_4.

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Colombo, Jorge A. "Social Inequality." In Dominance Behavior, 49–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97401-5_5.

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Colombo, Jorge A. "Means of Social Coercion." In Dominance Behavior, 73–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97401-5_7.

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Colombo, Jorge A. "Population Growth and the Collective Brain." In Dominance Behavior, 85–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97401-5_8.

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Colombo, Jorge A. "Brain and Social Environment." In Dominance Behavior, 23–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97401-5_3.

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Colombo, Jorge A. "Introduction." In Dominance Behavior, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97401-5_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dominance behaviors"

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Kalimeri, Kyriaki, Bruno Lepri, Oya Aran, Dinesh Babu Jayagopi, Daniel Gatica-Perez, and Fabio Pianesi. "Modeling dominance effects on nonverbal behaviors using granger causality." In the 14th ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2388676.2388683.

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Garfield, Keith, Annie Wu, Mehmet Onal, Britt Crawford, Adam Campbell, and Randall Shumaker. "The Effectiveness of Transferring Multi-Agent Behaviors From a Learning Environment in the Presence of Synthetic Social Structures." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81890.

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The diverse behavior representation schemes and learning paradigms being investigated within the robotics community share the common feature that successful deployment of agents requires that behaviors developed in a learning environment are successfully applied to a range of unfamiliar and potentially more complex operational environments. The intent of our research is to develop insight into the factors facilitating successful transfer of behaviors to the operational environments. We present experimental results investigating the effects of several factors for a simulated swarm of autonomous vehicles. Our primary focus is on the impact of Synthetic Social Structures, which are guidelines directing the interactions between agents, much like social behaviors direct interactions between group members in the human and animal world. The social structure implemented is a dominance hierarchy, which has been shown previously to facilitate negotiation between agents. The goal of this investigation is to investigate mechanisms adding robustness to agent behavior.
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Friedenberg, Amanda, and H. Jerome Keisler. "Iterated dominance revisited." In the Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1807406.1807433.

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Tong, Tao, Ravi Prasher, and Arun Majumdar. "Heat Capacity and Thermal Conductance Calculations for Non-Metallic Crystalline Nanowires Based on Elastic Dispersion Relations." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42695.

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We evaluate the real dispersion relations of circular non-metallic crystalline nanowires based on elasticity equations and stress-free boundary condition. Based on the dispersion relations, the nanowire heat capacity (specific heat) and ballistic conductance are calculated as functions of temperature. Distinct dimensional dependence can be clearly seen as temperature varies. Transitional point between one-dimensional (1-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) behaviors is identified. Similar to previously reported studies on the nanotube systems, at very low temperatures and/or for very thin nanowires the specific heat capacity varies as T1/2 due to the dominance of the flexural modes.
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Peters, Rifca, Joost Broekens, Kangqi Li, and Mark A. Neerincx. "Robots Expressing Dominance: Effects of Behaviours and Modulation." In 2019 8th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acii.2019.8925500.

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Peters, Rifca, Joost Broekens, Kangqi Li, and Mark A. Neerincx. "Robot Dominance Expression Through Parameter-based Behaviour Modulation." In IVA '19: ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3308532.3329456.

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Pratibha and Mohd Ashraf. "Dominant behavior identification of load data." In 2015 International Conference on Computing, Communication & Automation (ICCCA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccaa.2015.7148361.

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Li, Jamy, Wendy Ju, and Cliff Nass. "Observer Perception of Dominance and Mirroring Behavior in Human-Robot Relationships." In HRI '15: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2696454.2696459.

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Habraken, N. John, and J. Willem R. Langelaan. "Emergent Coherent Behavior of Complex Configurations Through Automated Maintenance of Dominance Relations." In 20th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2003/0040.

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Roshtkhari, Mehrsan Javan, and Martin D. Levine. "Online Dominant and Anomalous Behavior Detection in Videos." In 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2013.337.

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Reports on the topic "Dominance behaviors"

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Sherman, Paul. Agonistic Behavior and Dominance in Townsend's Chipmunks (Eutamias townsendii). Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2038.

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Hefetz, Abraham, and Gene Robinson. Hormonal and Pheromonal Regulation of Reproduction in the Bumble Bee Bombus terrestris. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568775.bard.

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Bombus terrestris constitute important pollinators of greenhouse crops. In Israel the species utilized is, whose colonies are reared commercially. This is a primitively social species with a particular colony development. It encompasses two social phases: a eusocial phase in which the queen dominates reproduction, and a competition phase in which workers compete with the queen for the parentage of males. These workers are distinguished by accelerated ovarian development, high production of JH, and elevated levels of dopamine in the brain. Queen-worker conflict is also manifested in overt aggression among all members of the nest. High aggression is correlated with dominance status of the bees and is also correlated with octopamine levels in the brain. After verifying that JH III is the only JH produced by the bees and validating the assay for its measurements (RCA & RIA), we used JH as an indicator of worker reproduction. Queens taken from colonies both before and after the competition phase were equally effective in inhibiting worker reproduction. Moreover, there is only a narrow window, around the competition point, in which workers may have the opportunity to initiate reproduction. Before that point they are inhibited by the dominant queen, while after that point both the queen and those workers with accelerated ovarian development exert strong inhibition on worker nest mates. Thus, "queen dominance deterioration" is not the primary cause in eliciting the queen-worker conflict. Queens convey their presence by means of a chemical signal that is extractable in organic solvent and that is normally spread on the cuticle. Total body extract and body washes, applied on dead virgin queens, were able to inhibit the release of JHin vitro in queenless workers. However, none of the prominent exocrine gland investigated mimicked this function. It is possible that the source of the putative pheromone is an unknown gland, or that it emanates from an assembly of glands. Chemical analyses of the prominent glands revealed a plethora of compounds the function of which should be further investigated. Understanding the social behavior of B. terrestris paves the way to facilitate colony manipulation and to adjust the colonies for specific pollination requirements.
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Ito, Takatoshi, Satoshi Koibuchi, Kiyotaka Sato, and Junko Shimizu. Why has the yen failed to become a dominant invoicing currency in Asia? A firm-level analysis of Japanese Exporters' invoicing behavior. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16231.

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Arpaia, Mary Lu, Sharoni Shafir, Thomas Davenport, and Arnon Dag. Enhancement of avocado pollination and productivity - an interdisciplinary approach. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695882.bard.

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The original objective was to determine the impact of temperature on floral behavior and pollen tube growth and humidity on the proportions of self-, close, and cross-pollinated avocado fruit on trees growing in humid, coastal and dry, inland CA climates. Because self-pollination was demonstrated to be the prevailing mode of pollination in Florida cultivars in warm humid conditions, it was appropriate to determine if similar rates of self-pollination occur in a dry Mediterranean climate present in California. The conclusions of the work were that despite limiting cool temperatures present in Ventura County, where the research was conducted, self-pollination within Stage 2 flowers is the dominant mode of pollination at both the humid and dry sites. Moreover, it was determined that pollen transfer is mediated by wind and bees have a negligible role in pollen transfer. Temperatures that are marginally warm enough to allow somewhat normal floral opening and closing behavior are still insufficient to provide pollen tube growth to the ovule before abscission of the flower. These results provide the basis for understanding why growers utilizing solid block avocado plantings achieve good yields without bees.
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Krafft, Douglas, Rachel Bain, Jack Cadigan, and Richard Styles. A review of tidal embayment shoaling mechanisms in the context of future wetland placement. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46143.

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Wetland construction in tidally influenced embayments is a strategy for beneficial use of sediment dredged from nearby navigation channels. These projects have the potential to alter basin morphology, tidal hydrodynamics, and shoaling trends. This special report provides a broad review of the literature related to engineering-induced changes in tidal range, salinity, tidal prism, tidal asymmetry, and other known causes of shoaling. Each potential shoaling mechanism is then evaluated in the context of wetland placement to provide a foundation for future beneficial use research. Based on a compilation of worldwide examples, wetland placement may reduce tidal amplitude and enhance ebb current dominance, thus reducing shoaling rates in the channels. However, constructed wetlands could also reduce the embayment’s tidal prism and cause accelerated shoaling relative to the pre-engineered rate. Because constructed wetlands are often created in conjunction with navigation channel dredging, the system’s morphologic response to wetland construction is likely to be superimposed upon its response to channel deepening, and the net effect may vary depending on a variety of system-specific parameters. Planning for future wetland placements should include an evaluation of local hydrodynamic behavior considering these factors to predict site-specific response.
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Gothilf, Yoav, Roger Cone, Berta Levavi-Sivan, and Sheenan Harpaz. Genetic manipulations of MC4R for increased growth and feed efficiency in fish. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7600043.bard.

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The hypothalamic melanocortin system plays a central role in the regulation of food consumption and energy homeostasis in mammals. Accordingly, our working hypothesis in this project was that genetic editing of the mc4r gene, encoding Melanocortin Receptor 4 (MC4R), will enhance food consumption, feed efficiency and growth in fish. To test this hypothesis and to assess the utility of mc4r editing for the enhancement of feed efficiency and growth in fish, the following objectives were set: Test the effect of the mc4r-null allele on feeding behavior, growth, metabolism and survival in zebrafish. Generate mc4r-null alleles in tilapia and examine the consequences for growth and survival, feed efficiency and body composition. Generate and examine the effect of naturally-occurring mc4r alleles found in swordfish on feeding behavior, growth and survival in zebrafish. Define the MC4R-mediated and MC4R-independent effects of AgRP by crossing mc4r- null strains with fish lacking AgRP neurons or the agrpgene. Our results in zebrafish did not support our hypothesis. While knockout of the agrpgene or genetic ablation of hypothalamic AgRP neurons led to reduced food intake in zebrafish larvae, knockout (KO) of the mc4r gene not only did not increase the rate of food intake but even reduced it. Since Melanocortin Receptor 3 (MC3R) has also been proposed to be involved in hypothalamic control of food intake, we also tested the effectofmc3r gene KO. Again, contrary to our hypothesis, the rate of food intake decreased. The next step was to generate a double mutant lucking both functional MC3R and MC4R. Again, the double KO exhibited reduced food intake. Thus, the only manipulation within the melanocortin system that affected food intake in consistent with the expected role of the system was seen in zebrafish larvae upon agrpKO. Interestingly, despite the apparent reduced food intake in the larval stage, these fish grow to be of the same size as wildtype fish at the adult stage. Altogether, it seems that there is a compensatory mechanism that overrides the effect of genetic manipulations of the melanocortin system in zebrafish. Under Aim 3, we introduced the Xna1, XnB1l, and XnB2A mutations from the Xiphophorus MC4R alleles into the zebrafish MC4R gene. We hypothesized that these MC4R mutations would act as dominant negative alleles to increase growth by suppressing endogenous MC4R activity. When we examined the activity of the three mutant alleles, we were unable to document any inhibition of a co-transfected wild type MC4R allele, hence we did not introduce these alleles into zebrafish. Since teleost fish possess two agrpgenes we also tested the effect of KO of the agrp2 gene and ablation of the AgRP2 cells. We found that the AgRP2 system does not affect food consumption but may rather be involved in modulating the stress response. To try to apply genetic editing in farmed fish species we turned to tilapia. Injection of exogenous AgRP in adult tilapia induced significant changes in the expression of pituitary hormones. Genetic editing in tilapia is far more complicated than in zebrafish. Nevertheless, we managed to generate one mutant fish carrying a mutation in mc4r. That individual died before reaching sexual maturity. Thus, our attempt to generate an mc4r-mutant tilapia line was almost successful and indicate out non-obvious capability to generate mutant tilapia.
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Rouseff, Russell L., and Michael Naim. Characterization of Unidentified Potent Flavor Changes during Processing and Storage of Orange and Grapefruit Juices. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585191.bard.

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Citrus juice flavor quality traditionally diminishes after thermal processing and continuously during storage. Our prior studies found that four of the five most potent off-aromas formed during orange juice storage had not been identified. The primary emphasis of this project was to characterize and identify those potent flavor degrading aroma volatiles so that methods to control them could be developed and final flavor quality improved. Our original objectives included: 1 Isolate and characterize the most important unidentified aroma impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization and storage. 2. Determination of thiamine and carotenoid thermal decomposition and Strecker degradation pathways in model solutions as possible precursors for the unidentified off-flavors. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an "electronic nose" to differentiate the headspace aromas of from untreated and heat pasteurized orange and grapefruit juices. 4. Use model systems of citrus juices to investigate the three possible precursor pathways (from 2) for flavor impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization or storage. RESULTS - The components responsible for citrus storage off flavors and their putative precursors have now been identified. Certain carotenoids (b-carotene) can thermally degrade to produce b-ionone and b-damascenone which are floral and tobacco smelling respectively. Our GC-O and sensory experiments indicated that b-damascenone is a potential storage off-flavor in orange juice. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) degradation produces 2-methyl-3-furan thiol, MFT, and its dimer bis(2- methyl-3-furyl) disulfide which both produce meaty, savory aromas. GC-O and sensory studies indicated that MFT is another storage off-flavor. Methional (potato aroma) is another off flavor produced primarily from the reaction of the native amino acid, methionine, and oxidized ascorbic acid (vitamin C). This is a newly discovered pathway for the production of methional and is more dominant in juices than the classic Maillard reaction. These newly identified off flavors diminish the flavor quality of citrus juices as they distort the flavor balance and introduce non-typical aromas to the juice flavor profile. In addition, we have demonstrated that some of the poor flavor quality citrus juice found in the market place is not only from the production of these and other off flavors but also due to the absence of desirable flavor components including several potent aldehydes and a few esters. The absence of these compounds appears to be due to incomplete flavor volatile restoration after the making of juice concentrates. We are the first to demonstrate that not all flavor volatiles are removed along with water in the production of juice concentrate. In the case of grapefruit juice we have documented which flavor volatiles are completely removed, which are partially removed and which actually increase because of the thermal process. Since more that half of all citrus juices is made into concentrate, this information will allow producers to more accurately restore the original flavor components and produce a juice with a more natural flavor. IMPLICATIONS - We have shown that the aroma of citrus juices is controlled by only 1-2% of the total volatiles. The vast majority of other volatiles have little to no direct aroma activity. The critical volatiles have now been identified. The ability to produce high quality citrus juices requires that manufacturers know which chemical components control aroma and flavor. In addition to identifying the critical flavor components (both positive and negative), we have also identified several precursors. The behavior of these key aroma compounds and their precursors during common manufacturing and storage conditions has been documented so manufacturers in Israel and the US can alter production practices to minimize the negative ones and maximize the positive ones.
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