Journal articles on the topic 'Domestic habitat'
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Mysterud, Atle, Per Kristian Larsen, Rolf Anker Ims, and Eivind Østbye. "Habitat selection by roe deer and sheep: does habitat ranking reflect resource availability?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-025.
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Habitat ranking is often assumed to reflect food availability, but habitat selection may involve trade-offs, for example, between selecting for food or cover. We tested whether the habitat selection of 27 radio-collared European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 10 free-ranging domestic sheep (Ovis aries) on a forest range in southern Norway reflected resource availability. We predicted that ruminants of different feeding types would use habitats according to the main forage class, but that antipredator behavior might remove the correlation between habitat selection and food availability, thus making temporal and spatial scaling crucial. As predicted, habitat selection by sheep was highly correlated with grass availability on both the home-range and study-area scales. The habitat ranking of roe deer habitat selection did not correlate with the availability of herbs on either scale, but rather was correlated with the availability of canopy cover. We found a clear effect of temporal scale on habitat selection by roe deer. During summer, roe deer used forest habitats with more forage to a greater extent when they were active than when they were inactive, and tended to use habitats with greater availability of herbs at night. We conclude that scale-dependent trade-offs in habitat selection may cause inconsistent habitat rankings when pooled across temporal and spatial scales.
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Oehler, James D., and John A. Litvaitis. "The role of spatial scale in understanding responses of medium-sized carnivores to forest fragmentation." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 2070–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-235.
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Increased predation has been suggested as a proximate factor causing the decline of vertebrate diversity in many human-altered landscapes. Previous studies on this topic have provided conflicting results, perhaps as a consequence of the limited spatial scale used in these investigations. We incorporated a multiscaled approach (using site, plot (1.44 km2), and landscape (54 km2)) to investigate the distribution of activity of medium-sized carnivores relative to habitat edges and the numeric responses of these predators to habitat diversity. Among the taxa surveyed, raccoons (Procyon lotor) did not show an affinity for habitat edges at any spatial scale. However, raccoons were more abundant in landscapes characterized by a diversity of cover types. Free-ranging domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis domesticus) did not respond to the proximity of habitat edges in summer but showed a strong affinity for edge habitats (especially those associated with human dwellings) during winter. Wild canids (Vulpes vulpes and Canis latrans) also selected sites in close proximity to edges in winter and were more abundant in diverse landscapes. Although human-dominated habitats (agricultural areas, grass–brushland, and developed sites) represented only 7–27% of the three landscapes studied, populations of generalist predators (raccoons and wild canids) increased as landscapes became more diverse. As a result, even moderate levels of habitat fragmentation may elevate predation rates and subsequently alter the composition of prey communities.
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Coughlin, Cayley E., and Yolanda van Heezik. "Weighed down by science: do collar-mounted devices affect domestic cat behaviour and movement?" Wildlife Research 41, no. 7 (2014): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14160.
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Context Animals carrying tracking and logging devices are subject to a range of instrument effects that negatively affect survival, reproduction and behaviour. The common recommendation is that device weight should not exceed 5% body mass (BM) for terrestrial species; however, this rule-of-thumb has little empirical basis. Modelling indicates that devices weighing less than 3% BM may still have impacts. Several studies have used telemetry and data loggers on domestic cats (Felis catus) with instruments ranging in weight from 30 g to 125 g, but there has been no quantitative evaluation of instrument effects. In addition, inexpensive GPS tags such as iGotU are increasingly being used to track domestic cats, but often with little acknowledgement of habitat-related location error. Aims We evaluated the impact of wearing devices of different weights on domestic cat movements, and quantified location error across typical suburban habitats. Methods We recorded movements of cats wearing three different GPS collar weights for a week at a time: light, 30 g (<1% BM); medium, 80 g (~2% BM); and heavy, 130 g (~3% BM). Location error (LE) and fix success rates (FSR) were compared between backyard habitats and up- or downward orientation of the GPS tags on collars. Key results Home-range size and distance travelled from home were smaller when cats wore the heaviest collar. LE was lower and FSR higher for GPS tags with direct-line-of-sight to satellites (e.g. on lawns), but there was no difference between tags placed in dense vegetation (hedges) or more open vegetation (trees), or tags oriented up or down. Conclusions Collars carrying instruments on cats should be no more than 2% BM (medium-weight collar). LE was large relative to typical urban habitat size, indicating that misclassification of locations into habitats could easily occur in habitat-selection studies. Implications Some published accounts of cat home-range sizes may be underestimates, resulting in underestimates of the extent of impacts on prey species. Habitat-use studies should acknowledge the error associated with GPS tags and incorporate it into analyses using techniques such as Brownian Bridges.
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Davenport, Rebecca N., Melinda Weaver, Katherine C. B. Weiss, and Eric G. Strauss. "Spatiotemporal relationships of coyotes and free-ranging domestic cats as indicators of conflict in Culver City, California." PeerJ 10 (October 7, 2022): e14169. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14169.
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As habitat generalists, urban coyote (Canis latrans) populations often utilize an abundance of diverse food sources in cities. Within southern California, domestic cats (Felis catus) comprise a higher proportion of coyote diets than in other studied urban areas throughout the United States. However, it is unclear which ecological factors contribute to higher rates of cat depredation by coyotes in this region. While previous research suggests that coyote presence may have a negative effect on free-ranging domestic cat distributions, few studies have determined whether urban green spaces affect coyote or free-ranging domestic cat occurrence and activity within a predominantly urbanized landscape. We placed 20 remote wildlife cameras across a range of green spaces and residential sites in Culver City, California, an area of Los Angeles County experiencing pronounced coyote-domestic cat conflict. Using data collected across 6 months from 2019–2020, we assessed the influence of green space and prey species (i.e., cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.) and domestic cats) on coyote habitat use and activity. Coyotes exhibited a preference for sites with higher amounts of green space, while domestic cat habitat use was high throughout our study region. Although cottontail rabbit habitat use was also highly associated with urban green space, neither cottontails nor domestic cats appeared to temporally overlap significantly with coyotes. Unlike other cities where coyotes and domestic cats exhibit strong habitat partitioning across the landscape, domestic cats and coyotes spatially overlapped in green space fragments throughout Culver City. We suggest that this pattern of overlap may be responsible for the frequent cases of domestic cat depredation by coyotes in Culver City.
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Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi, Wara Dyah Pita Rengga, Dwi Gansar Santi Wijayanti, and Dhoni Hartanto. "PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH DOMESTIK MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK MENGGUNAKAN BIOCOMPOSTER DI KELURAHAN SEKARAN KEC. GUNUNGPATI KOTA SEMARANG." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Khatulistiwa 5, no. 1 (April 8, 2022): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpmk.v5i1.1397.
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ABSTRACTKelurahan Sekaran has a high population density because it consists of natives and immigrants. Dense activities creating a large volume of domestic waste. The domestic waste consists of vegetable, fruit, egg shells and food scraps and is semi-alkaline in nature. If this domestic waste is not managed properly, it will accumulate and cause environmental problems in the form of unpleasant odors, polluting the environment, disturbing the scenery, and becoming a habitat for pathogenic microorganisms that can cause disease for humans. Therefore, it is necessary to properly handle the organic domestic waste by recycling or processing into new and more useful products such as processing organic domestic waste into organic fertilizer using biocomposter. So far, not all people in Sekaran know the appropriate technology to process domestic waste into organic fertilizer and the economic potential of the products. Thus, community service activities have been carried out regarding training for processing skills of organic domestic waste into solid and liquid organic fertilizer (compost), as well as its application to plants. This training has a positive impact on environmental cleanliness and the creation of new products with appropriate technology, especially for the community in Sekaran Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City (PKK RT 04 RW 01 Sekaran).Keywords: Domestic waste, organic fertilizer, biocomposter, Sekaran Village ABSTRAKKelurahan Sekaran memiliki kepadatan populasi yang tinggi karena terdiri dari penduduk asli dan pendatang dari luar daerah. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan padatnya aktivitas sehingga menghasilkan volume sampah domestik yang besar. Sampah domestik tersebut terdiri dari sisa sayur, buah, cangkang telur maupun sisa-sisa makanan dan bersifat semi basa. Jika sampah domestik ini tidak dikelola dengan baik, maka akan menumpuk dan menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan berupa bau tidak sedap, mengotori lingkungan, mengganggu pemandangan, dan menjadi habitat bagi mikroorganisme patogen yang dapat menimbulkan penyakit bagi manusia. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penanganan yang tepat terhadap sampah domestik organik tersebut dengan recycle atau mengolah menjadi produk baru yang lebih bermanfaat seperti pengolahan sampah domestik organik menjadi pupuk organik menggunakan biocomposter. Sejauh ini, masyarakat di Sekaran belum semua mengetahui teknologi tepat guna untuk mengolah sampah domestik menjadi pupuk organik serta potensi ekonomis dari produk yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, telah dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat mengenai pelatihan ketrampilan pengolahan sampah domestik organik menjadi pupuk organik (kompos) padat dan cair, serta aplikasinya pada tanaman. Pelatihan ini berdampak positif terhadap kebersihan lingkungan dan penciptaan produk baru dengan teknologi tepat guna, khususnya bagi masyarakat di Kelurahan Sekaran, Kecamatan Gunungpati, Kota Semarang (PKK RT 04 RW 01 Sekaran). Kata Kunci: Sampah domestik, pupuk organik, biocomposter, Kelurahan Sekaran
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Deb, Mitrajit, Pinaki Adhikary, Petr Sláma, Zdeněk Havlíček, Petr Řezáč, Parimal C. Bhattacharjee, and Shubhadeep Roychoudhury. "Aggressive Behavior of Phayre’s Leaf Monkeys Towards Domestic Dogs in Cachar District of Assam, India." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 4 (2015): 1105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563041105.
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Phayre’s leaf-monkeys (Trachipithecus phayrei) or Phayre’s langurs are old world monkeys that inhabit South-East Asian tropical forests. The species is under a severe threat due to large scale habitat destruction and disturbances by people living near the habitat of langurs. The present study recorded the aggressive behavior of male langurs towards domestic dogs in the Cachar district of Assam. Response of each member in the troop was observed. The sophisticated behavior of males in safeguarding the weaker members was observed. In conclusion, the harassment by domestic dogs may result in the expulsion of Phayre’s langurs from their native habitat.
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Badwaik, Vaishali J. "An initial checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their specific distribution from district Wardha, Maharashtra, India." Science Archives 03, no. 02 (2022): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/sa.2022.3201.
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Biodiversity of life forms is incredible in India. In the present study, the comprehensive list of ant species and their distribution in district wardha from 2019 to 2021 have been studied. The habitat selected to study the impressive diversity of ants is agricultural field, domestic habitats, tree plantations, and surrounding water bodies. This is the first checklist of ant recorded in eight tehsil places (Seloo, Wardha, Deoli, Arvi, Ashti, Karanja, Hinganghat, Samudrapur) of district Wardha. The total ant species recorded belong to six subfamilies i.e. Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Dorylinae, Dolichoderinae, and Pseudomyrmicinae. A total of 57 species belonging to the 30 genera are listed in the district. The species diversity index is more in agricultural fields followed by domestic habitats. The generic richness recorded for Componotus and Crematogaster.
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Kim, Kim, Lim, Kim, Park, Kim, Lee, Lee, and Lee. "Distribution and Management of Nutria (Myocastor coypus) Populations in South Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 4169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154169.
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In 2014, the South Korean government initiated the “Nutria Eradication Project” to actively manage and control populations of nutria, an invasive alien species that threatens national biodiversity. In the present study, we examined domestic nutria habitats in 2014 to 2018 and analyzed spatial shifts in habitat distribution to develop management policies and eradication strategies for the South Korean Ministry of Environment. A total of 27,487 nutria individuals were captured over five years upon the initiation of the eradication project. We found that the number of habitat tracks decreased from 1510 in 19 administrative districts in 2014 to 176 in 14 districts in 2018. We examined the distribution of nutria habitat tracks and found a northwestward shift at an average angle of 313.9° and 46,656.9 m. This distribution shift prompted improvements in control policies focused on nutria capture to suppress rodent movement and shifting distributions. We redefined the spatial scope of our control regions accordingly and established isolated environments in each region to prevent further spread. Additionally, resource management was focused in areas showing habitat expansion. Overall, we observed an estimated 54% decrease in nutria habitat tracks from 2016 to 2017. Our results have since been enacted in government policies and provide a basis for establishing flexible strategies for effectively controlling nutria habitats and populations. In 2017, the South Korean government allocated additional funds for research and for the development of further control strategies working toward the project’s goals.
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Pahre, Robert. "International Cooperation as Interagency Cooperation: Examples from Wildlife and Habitat Preservation." Perspectives on Politics 7, no. 4 (December 2009): 883–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592709991861.
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Cooperation between two agencies presents much the same problem whether these agencies are found in different countries or in the same country. This similarity is generally overlooked because the issues over which agencies negotiate often differ—defense and trade policy at the international level, transportation or land use at the domestic level. Demonstrating the analytical similarity of international cooperation to domestic interagency cooperation requires holding issue area constant while allowing interstate and intrastate units to vary. To do this, I focus on cooperation over wildlife and habitat preservation at the domestic and international levels in the US and Canada. I explain this variation in cooperation in a simple theory in which agency goals and certain features of species interact. Variation between successful and unsuccessful cooperation in this issue area is governed solely by characteristics of the species and agency goals in each management unit, and does not depend on whether a problem is “international” or “domestic.” For scholars who think in terms of nation-states interacting in an anarchic international system, this points to a very different unit of analysis. For those who emphasize the domestic politics of international cooperation, this moves us away from executives constrained by legislatures to look at sub-units within each executive.
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Alho, CJR, S. Mamede, K. Bitencourt, and M. Benites. "Introduced species in the Pantanal: implications for conservation." Brazilian Journal of Biology 71, no. 1 suppl 1 (April 2011): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000200011.
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Land use and human occupation within the natural habitats of the Pantanal have facilitated introduction of invasive species of plants and animals, including domestic species. Exotic species threaten regional biodiversity because they modify ecological community structure, alter natural habitats and affect local biodiversity. An international organisation, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the Brazilian government, identify invasive species as the third most important threat to biodiversity, following habitat loss and direct effect on species. In addition, exotic species carry pathogens or may function as vectors or reservoirs for diseases that affect regional biota.
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O’Brien, Paul, Eric Vander Wal, Erin L. Koen, Carissa D. Brown, Jenn Guy, Floris M. van Beest, and Ryan K. Brook. "Understanding habitat co-occurrence and the potential for competition between native mammals and invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) at the northern edge of their range." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 6 (June 2019): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0156.
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Invasive species are a major contributor to biodiversity loss worldwide. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) are highly invasive in their introduced ranges; they modify habitat and threaten native species. As recent invaders in Canada, it is unknown what habitats wild pigs occupy at the northern edge of their range and how they affect mammalian diversity. We examined habitat factors that we predicted would affect co-occurrence of wild pigs with native mammals. We randomly placed 17 camera traps in four stratified habitat types (deciduous forest, grassland, cropland, and wetland) for 2 years to examine species co-occurrence in these habitats. We analyzed camera-trap data using nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Wild pig detection during winter was greatest in wetland and cropland and positively associated with occurrence of moose (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)) and coyote (Canis latrans Say, 1823) and negatively associated with the presence of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)), and humans. In summer, we detected wild pigs only in grassland; these detections were positively associated with moose and mule deer and negatively associated with domesticated cattle (Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758), elk (Cervus canadensis Erxleben, 1777), and humans. We conclude that invasive wild pig occurrence at the northern edge of their Canadian range varies seasonally, by habitat, and is negatively affected by the presence of humans. Moreover, apparent co-occurrence with native fauna and avoidance of domestic species provides early evidence for potential competitive interactions.
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Hossai, Md Lokman, Shomb Uddin Sarker, and Noor Jahan Sarker. "Ecology of Indian Roofed Turtle, Pangshura tectum (Gray 1831) in Bangladesh." Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 13 (June 3, 2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v13i0.1621.
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lndian roofed turtle, Pangshura tectum, was found in all types of aquatic habitats in Bangladesh. Of the 8 categories of habitats studied, the highest number (42.74%) was found in domestic ponds followed by derelict ponds, tanks, marshlands, canals, agriculture fields, lakes, streams and puddles. Most of the time the turtle was found in basking condition (60.09%), while rarely it was observed in burrowing condition. In addition to this, Indian roofed turtle spent 31.75% time in feeding and 8.16% in browsing.Key words: Indian roofed turtle, ecology, habitat preference, behavioural patternsdoi: 10.3126/eco.v13i0.1621Ecoprint (An International Journal of Ecology) Vol. 13, No. 1, 2006 , Page 1-8
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Catalá, SS, LB Crocco, A. Muñoz, G. Morales, I. Paulone, E. Giraldez, C. Candioti, and C. Ripol. "Entomological aspects of Chagas' disease transmission in the domestic habitat, Argentina." Revista de Saúde Pública 38, no. 2 (April 2004): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102004000200010.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the risk of Trypanosoma cruzi domestic transmission using an entomological index and to explore its relationship with household's characteristics and cultural aspects. METHODS: There were studied 158 households in an endemic area in Argentina. Each household was classified according to an entomological risk indicator (number of risky bites/human). A questionnaire was administered to evaluate risk factors among householders. RESULTS: Infested households showed a wide range of risk values (0 to 5 risky bites/human) with skewed distribution, a high frequency of lower values and few very high risk households. Of all collected Triatoma infestans, 44% had had human blood meals whereas 27% had had dogs or chickens blood meals. Having dogs and birds sharing room with humans increased the risk values. Tidy clean households had contributed significantly to lower risk values as a result of low vector density. The infested households showed a 24.3% correlation between time after insecticide application and the number of vectors. But there was no correlation between the time after insecticide application and T. infestans' infectivity. The statistical analysis showed a high correlation between current values of the entomological risk indicator and Trypanosoma cruzi seroprevalence in children. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of T. cruzi domestic transmission assessed using an entomological index show a correlation with children seroprevalence for Chagas' disease and householders' habits.
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Wyckoff, A. Christy, Scott E. Henke, Tyler A. Campbell, David G. Hewitt, and Kurt C. VerCauteren. "Movement and habitat use of feral swine near domestic swine facilities." Wildlife Society Bulletin 36, no. 1 (February 10, 2012): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.96.
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Shrestha, Rinjan, and Per Wegge. "Habitat relationships between wild and domestic ungulates in Nepalese trans-Himalaya." Journal of Arid Environments 72, no. 6 (June 2008): 914–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.12.002.
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Rahman, Dede Aulia, Riki Herliansyah, Puji Rianti, Ujang Mamat Rahmat, Asep Yayus Firdaus, and Mochamad Syamsudin. "Ecology and Conservation of the Endangered Banteng (Bos javanicus) in Indonesia Tropical Lowland Forest." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 26, no. 2 (October 27, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.26.2.68.
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Banteng, Bos javanicus, as wild cattle is a vital and importance source of germplasm in Indonesia. Various human activities currently threaten their conservation status. Nonetheless, no long-term monitoring programmes are in place for this species. Using distribution point and statistical analysis based on 46,116 camera trap days from December 2015 to January 2017, we aimed to provide habitat preferences, activity patterns and ecological data for banteng population in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP). It is the largest population of banteng in Indonesia and is living in a limited habitat area. According to the best occupancy model, the most suitable areas for this species were the secondary forest located at the center portion of UKNP. The presence of the invasive cluster sugar palm, Arenga obtusifolia, in dry season provides additional alternative food for banteng when its main food is scarcer in the forest. Banteng was cathemeral all year round, with the proportion of cathemeral records and the recording rate did not change with the protection of the level area, moon phase or season. To reduce the probability of encountering predators, banteng avoided the space use of dholes. Selection and avoidance of habitats was stronger than avoidance of the predator activity areas. Habitat competition from domestic cattle which grazed illegally in the national park appears to be a problem to the species since zoonosis appears from domestic cattle to banteng. Therefore, effective law enforcement and an adequate conservation strategy are required to eliminate the impacts of both direct and indirect threats.
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Kilochytska, N. P. "Стаціальний розподіл самок кровосисних комарів у Солом’янському районі Києва." Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, medicine 4, no. 2 (September 23, 2013): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021312.
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From the epidemiological viewpoint the greatest threat to human health is represented by female mosquitoes in the hematophagous stage. Contact with these bloodsucking insects occurs most frequently in their places of diurnal concentration. The main daytime habitats of mosquitoes in urban areas are recreational areas, especially near water – forests, parks, botanical gardens, cemeteries, green zones in residential areas, residential buildings and buildings with livestock, basements and cellars. In the context of global warming and extreme high summer temperatures a tendency has been observed for mosquitoes to make increasing use of residential premises and outbuildings as a daytime habitat. In the Solomianskyi district of Kiev a six-year monitoring programme of mosquitoes’ diurnal habitat distribution was conducted. It showed that the majority of female mosquitoes which attacked humans (60%) were concentrated in areas of recreation and outdoors in residential areas. Simultaneously a significant number of mosquitoes was found to use as their daytime habitat places where they were in close proximity to humans – in domestic outbuildings (sheds under various uses), basements and cellars. The lion’s share of these mosquitoes was represented by Anopheles maculipennis (25%) and Culex pipiens (7,6%). At the same time a significant number of representatives of the genera Ochlerotatus (O. cantans, O. sticticus, O. cataphylla) and Aedes (Ae. v. vexans) were also recorded using residential premises as their daytime habitat on a scale which had not been previously observed for these species of mosquito. It is possible that female mosquitoes fly into livestock buildings at twilight because they are attracted by electric light and ammonia vapors. However, these factors are almost absent in basements and cellars. It remains to be noted that mosquitoes use basements and cellars as a daytime habitat at periods of hightemperatures and low humidity in the city. To test this assumption the distribution of mosquitoes was analysed during the warm season in 2010 in Solomyanskyi district with measurement of temperature at the locations of collection. It turned out that the air temperature in the sheds was 2–4 °C lower than outside in the shade, in the basements lower by 4–11 °C, and in the cellars lower by 4–12 °C. Comparison of the temperature in the daytime habitats and number of mosquitoes found there showed a direct relation between the outdoor temperature and the number of mosquitoes in the daytime habitat on the premises. The data indicate that there is a tendency for the number of synanthropic blood-sucking mosquito species to increase owing to the occupation of domestic premises as a daytime habitat by those species of mosquitoes for which this phenomenon was not typical earlier. If global warming and the current trend to increase in summer temperatures persist, this can cause a deterioration of the epidemiological situation in the megalopolis.
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Shorthouse, J. D. "HOST SHIFT OF THE LEAF GALLER DIPLOLEPIS POLITA (HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPIDAE) TO THE DOMESTIC SHRUB ROSE ROSA RUGOSA." Canadian Entomologist 126, no. 6 (December 1994): 1499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1261499-6.
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AbstractThe leaf galler Diplolepis polita (Ashmead), known only from Rosa acicularis Lindl. west of the Rocky Mountains, is recorded for the first time on the introduced, urban shrub rose Rosa rugosa Thunb. Inquilines and parasitoids commonly kill over 90% of the inducers in populations of galls found in natural habitats, whereas 55% of the galls from the urban roses contained an inducer. Differences in component communities associated with galls on domestic and wild roses are likely indicative of a recently established population in an atypical habitat. Occurrence of D. polita on this new host also provides insight into the host specificity and vagility of cynipid wasps.
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Jotikapukkana, Sukanda, Åke Berg, and Anak Pattanavibool. "Wildlife and human use of buffer-zone areas in a wildlife sanctuary." Wildlife Research 37, no. 6 (2010): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09132.
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Context. Buffer zones are supposed to serve the dual purpose of ‘extension buffering’, or an extension of core habitat areas, and ‘socio buffering’ to provide goods and services to humans; however, few studies have evaluated both human use of buffer zones and the occurrence of wildlife. Aims. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effects of human disturbance on wildlife by recording the use of the 4-km-wide buffer zone of Huai Kha Kaeng Wildlife Sanctuary (HKKWS), Thailand, by humans and domestic animals. Methods. Occurrence of signs of large mammals were recorded along 37 transects and relationships among distance to settlements, human activities, occurrence of domestic animals and different wildlife species were analysed. Key results. In total, 210 interviewed respondents from adjacent villages all used the buffer zone, and the transect survey revealed that a large proportion of the plots (71%) were used by humans and/or domestic animals. The frequency of human use decreased linearly with distance from the buffers-zone edge, whereas the use by cattle decreased rapidly at a distance of 2000 m from the buffer-zone edge. In general, the HKKWS buffer zone was a suitable habitat for several wildlife species. Sambar deer and banteng occurred in >25% of the plots. The proportion of plots with signs of sambar deer, banteng and elephant was negatively associated with the proportion of plots with signs of domestic animals, whereas the proportion of plots with signs of common muntjac was negatively associated with the proportion of plots with signs of human activities. Conclusions. The results from the present study suggest that the 4-km buffer zone in HKKWS reduces the impact of both humans and domestic animals. Implications. The size of human populations, restrictions for grazing domestic animals and habitat quality are suggested to be factors of importance for establishment of well designed buffer zones.
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Hossain, Md Lokman, Shorab Uddin Sarker, and Noor Jahan Sarker. "Ecology of Spotted Flapshell Turtle, Lissemys punctata (Lacepede, 1788) in Bangladesh." Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 15 (June 3, 2009): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v15i0.1943.
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Spotted flapshell turtle, Lissemys punctata was found in all types of habitats of Bangladesh. Of the 9 categories of habitats studied, the highest number (17.42%) of the turtle species was found in marshland followed by puddles (17.26%), agriculture fields (17.12%), streams (12.1%), canals (10.54%), tanks (10.39%), derelict ponds (9.18%) and domestic ponds (6.08%). Most of the time the turtle was found in burrowing condition (55.83%), rarely it was observed in feeding (7.2%) condition. The turtle seem to have a considerably higher tolerant in all types of environment, so it may be possible to set-up turtle farm commercially in Bangladesh. Key words: Spotted flapshell turtle, ecology, habitat preference, behavioral patterns. doi: 10.3126/eco.v15i0.1943 ECOPRINT 15: 59-67, 2008
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McCormack, Phillipa C., Jan McDonald, and Kerryn A. Brent. "Governance of Land-based Negative-emission Technologies to Promote Biodiversity Conservation: Lessons from Australia." Climate Law 10, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 123–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-01002001.
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Climate change is a fundamental threat to biodiversity. Climate mitigation in general, and Negative-Emission Technologies (nets) in particular, have the potential to benefit biodiversity by reducing climate impacts. Domestic laws could help to ensure that nets have benefits for biodiversity adaptation to climate change (e.g. reducing land clearing and habitat loss and facilitating habitat restoration, corridors for species’ migration, and broader ecological resilience). Domestic laws will also need to govern trade-offs between nets and biodiversity adaptation (e.g. increased competition for land and landscape-scale fragmentation by new industrial developments and linear infrastructure). We argue that domestic laws should be used to maximize the benefits of nets while minimizing trade-offs for biodiversity. These laws should ensure that trade-offs are, at the very least, explicit and transparent, both in terms of their implications for current biodiversity and in the context of an acceleration of climate-driven biodiversity decline.
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Jung, J. H., J. Y. Park, H. M. Lim, Y. H. Yoon, and W. J. Kim. "Decision support for ecological river rehabilitation using fish habitat database." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 11 (March 22, 2014): 2243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.118.
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After the recent success of several river rehabilitation projects including the Cheong-gye river case, a large number of local governments have been promoting their own projects in Korea. Most of the projects are aimed at securing the soundness of aquatic ecosystems according to the guidelines presented by the Korea Ministry of Environment. However, there is no clear guidance for the management goals of water quality and quantity. In this study, we have made an attempt to construct a habitat database (DB) for each domestic freshwater fish species. The fish population, and physical and physicochemical properties of the habitat of 70 domestic freshwater fish species were investigated using field monitoring data. After the statistical processing, the inhabitable range and optimal range of each species were suggested. Furthermore, based on the DB, a decision support system for ecological river restoration and rehabilitation has been developed, and applied for field tests. It became clear that the decision support procedure based on the fish habitat DB is useful in the planning stage of river rehabilitation projects to select the flagship fish, to decide the restoration goals considering their appropriate habitat and to suggest the optimum quantitative combination of each available water resource.
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Patterson, Laura, Jaber Belkhiria, Beatriz Martínez-López, and Alda F. A. Pires. "Identification of high-risk contact areas between feral pigs and outdoor-raised pig operations in California: Implications for disease transmission in the wildlife-livestock interface." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 28, 2022): e0270500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270500.
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The US is currently experiencing a return to raising domestic pigs outdoors, due to consumer demand for sustainably-raised animal products. A challenge in raising pigs outdoors is the possibility of these animals interacting with feral pigs and an associated risk of pathogen transmission. California has one of the largest and widest geographic distributions of feral pigs. Locations at greatest risk for increased contact between both swine populations are those regions that contain feral pig suitable habitat located near outdoor-raised domestic pigs. The main aim of this study entailed identifying potential high-risk areas of disease transmission between these two swine populations. Aims were achieved by predicting suitable feral pig habitat using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt); mapping the spatial distribution of outdoor-raised pig operations (OPO); and identifying high-risk regions where there is overlap between feral pig suitable habitat and OPO. A MaxEnt prediction map with estimates of the relative probability of suitable feral pig habitat was built, using hunting tags as presence-only points. Predictor layers were included in variable selection steps for model building. Five variables were identified as important in predicting suitable feral pig habitat in the final model, including the annual maximum green vegetation fraction, elevation, the minimum temperature of the coldest month, precipitation of the wettest month and the coefficient of variation for seasonal precipitation. For the risk map, the final MaxEnt model was overlapped with the location of OPOs to categorize areas at greatest risk for contact between feral swine and domestic pigs raised outdoors and subsequent potential disease transmission. Since raising pigs outdoors is a remerging trend, feral pig numbers are increasing nationwide, and both groups are reservoirs for various pathogens, the contact between these two swine populations has important implications for disease transmission in the wildlife-livestock interface.
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Laporte, Luc, and Jean-Yves Tinévez. "Neolithic Houses and Chambered Tombs of Western France." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 14, no. 2 (October 2004): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774304000149.
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The Neolithic tombs of northern Europe have often been presented as built in the image of the hous e of the dead. We wish to discuss here the different terms of this proposition in the light of recent discoveries concerning the domestic habitat in western France, whence we draw most of the architectural examples — both funerary and domestic.
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Torres, PC, and PI Prado. "Domestic dogs in a fragmented landscape in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: abundance, habitat use and caring by owners." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 4 (November 2010): 987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000500010.
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This study aimed at estimating the population size and attitudes of residents towards caring for domestic dogs, through questionnaire surveys, as well as the frequency of these animals in different habitats (anthropic and forest patch), using scent stations. The study was conducted in a severely fragmented area of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. A large number of unrestricted dogs was recorded, averaging 6.2 ind/km². These dogs have owners and are regularly fed. Dog records decreased from the anthropogenic matrix to the forest patch edge, which suggests that dogs act as an edge effect on forest patches. Encounters between domestic dog and wild animals can still be frequent in severely fragmented landscapes, mainly at the forest edges. However the fact that most dogs have an owner and are more frequent in the anthropic habitat suggests that their putative effects are less severe than expected for a carnivore of such abundance, but the reinforcement of responsible ownership is needed to further ameliorate such effects.
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López González, Carlos A., Norma Hernández-Camacho, Gabriela Aguilar-Tipacamú, Salvador Zamora-Ledesma, Andrea M. Olvera-Ramírez, and Robert W. Jones. "Gap Analysis of the Habitat Interface of Ticks and Wildlife in Mexico." Pathogens 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121541.
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Mexico is a highly diverse country where ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBD) directly impact the health of humans and domestic and wild animals. Ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., and Ixodes spp. represent the most important species in terms of host parasitism and geographical distribution in the country, although information on other genera is either limited or null. In addition, information regarding the influence of global warming on the increase in tick populations is scarce or nonexistent, despite climate conditions being the most important factors that determine tick distribution. In order to aid in the management of ticks and the risks of TBD in humans and domestic animals in Mexico, an analysis was conducted of the gaps in information on ticks with the purpose of updating the available knowledge of these ectoparasites and adapting the existing diagnostic tools for potential distribution analysis of TBD in wildlife. These tools will help to determine the epidemiological role of wildlife in the human–domestic animal interface in anthropized environments in Mexico.
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Yusti-Muñoz, Ana Paola, and Javier A. Simonetti. "Domestic Sheep Behavior and Habitat Selection in Presence of Livestock Guardian Dogs." Rangeland Ecology & Management 79 (November 2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2021.07.003.
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Horn, Jeff A., Nohra Mateus-Pinilla, Richard E. Warner, and Edward J. Heske. "Home range, habitat use, and activity patterns of free-roaming domestic cats." Journal of Wildlife Management 75, no. 5 (April 21, 2011): 1177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.145.
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Nielsen, Helene Brøgger, Helene Ane Jensen, Henrik Meilby, Søren Saxmose Nielsen, and Peter Sandøe. "Estimating the Population of Unowned Free-Ranging Domestic Cats in Denmark Using a Combination of Questionnaires and GPS Tracking." Animals 12, no. 7 (April 4, 2022): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070920.
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The present study aimed (1) to estimate the size of the population of unowned free-ranging domestic cats in Denmark using a questionnaire survey combined with a GPS-tracking survey, and (2) to estimate the distribution of the population across different habitats. The questionnaires were circulated in 94 randomly selected parishes ranging across seven kinds of habitat. Using responses from five of the habitats, we estimated the population of unowned free-ranging cats nationally. In the other two habitats, questionnaire data were collected in a simpler way. The territory of 59 owned cats was estimated with GPS tracking to assess home ranges. Home range area was calculated using 95% Brownian bridge kernel density estimation (0.033–0.077 ± 0.011–0.023 km2, median ± SE). We estimated a population of unowned free-ranging cats in Denmark of 89,000 ± 11,000 (SE), with a mean density of 2 ± 0.3 (SE) cats per km2, living primarily in rural habitats. Approximately one-third of the cats were estimated to be socialised and two-thirds unsocialised. Our method may be suitable for use in other temperate areas facing problems with unowned free-ranging cats.
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Chen, Meijing, Zhongke Bai, Qingri Wang, and Zeyu Shi. "Habitat Quality Effect and Driving Mechanism of Land Use Transitions: A Case Study of Henan Water Source Area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project." Land 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080796.
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Accelerating urbanization and industrialization have had substantial impacts on economic and social activities, changed the surface environment of the earth, and affected global climate change and biodiversity. If reasonable and effective management measures are not implemented in time, unchecked urbanization and industrialization will damage the structure and function of the ecosystem, endanger human and biological habitats, and ultimately lead to difficulties in achieving sustainable development. This study investigates the habitat quality effect of land use transition and analyzes the cause and mechanism of such changes from an economic–social–ecological complex system perspective in the Henan Water Source (HWS) area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (MRP). The study comprehensively examines the characteristics of land use transition from 2000 to 2020. The results indicate that the habitat quality of the HWS area of the MRP decreased slowly over the past 20 years, with a more obvious decrease in the past 10 years. Specifically, the proportion of high quality habitat areas is relatively large and stable, and the medium and low quality habitat areas increase significantly. Analyzing the change degree of the proportion of different levels of habitat quality area in each county, revealed that Dengzhou City had the most dramatic change, followed by the Xichuan and Neixiang counties; other counties did not undergo obvious change. The results of habitat quality factor detection by GeoDetector showed that land use transition plays a decisive role in the change of habitat quality. The types of land use with high habitat suitability compared to those with low habitat suitability will inevitably lead to a decrease in habitat quality. Additionally, elevation, slope, landform type, and annual precipitation are important factors affecting the habitat quality in the HWS area of the MRP, indicating that ecological factors determine the background conditions of habitat quality. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the proportion of agricultural output value, grain yield per unit area in economic factors, population density, and urbanization rate in social factors affect the spatial differentiation of habitat quality to a certain extent. Soil type, annual mean temperature, vegetation type, and NDVI index have weak effects on habitat quality, while road network density and slope aspect have no significant effect on habitat quality. The results of this study provide a basis for the improvement of habitat quality, ecosystem protection and restoration, land resource management, and related policies in the HWS area of the MRP. They also provide references for the research and practice of the habitat quality effects of land use transition in other regions.
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Hassaballa, Iman B., Baldwyn Torto, Catherine L. Sole, and David P. Tchouassi. "Exploring the influence of different habitats and their volatile chemistry in modulating sand fly population structure in a leishmaniasis endemic foci, Kenya." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): e0009062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009062.
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Phlebotomine sand flies transmit many viral protozoan and bacterial pathogens of public health importance. Knowledge of the ecologic factors influencing their distribution at local scale can provide insights into disease epidemiology and avenues for targeted control. Animal sheds, termite mounds and houses are important peri-domestic and domestic habitats utilized by different sand flies as resting or breeding habitats. However, our knowledge for selection of these habitats by sand flies remains poor. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these habitat types harbor different composition of sand fly species and differ in their volatile chemistry that could influence sand fly selection. To achieve this, we employed CDC light traps following a cross-sectional survey to investigate the distribution of sand flies in the three habitats in an endemic site for leishmaniasis in Kenya. The study was carried out during the dry season, when sand flies are optimally abundant in 2018 and 2020. Sand fly abundance did not vary between the habitats, but species-specific differences in abundance was evident. Measures of sand fly community structure (Shannon diversity and richness) were highest in animal shed, followed by termite mound and lowest inside human dwelling (house). This finding indicates broader attraction of both sexes of sand flies and females of varying physiological states to animal sheds potentially used as breeding or resting sites, but also as a signal for host presence for a blood meal. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of volatiles collected from represented substrates associated with these habitats viz: human foot odor on worn socks (houses indoors), cow dung (animal sheds) and termite mounds (enclosed vent), revealed a total of 47 volatile organic compounds. Of these, 26, 35 and 16 were detected in human socks, cow dung and enclosed termite vent, respectively. Of these volatiles, 1-octen-3-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, α-pinene, benzyl alcohol, m-cresol, p-cresol and decanal, previously known as attractants for sandflies and other blood-feeding insects, were common to the habitats. Our results suggest that habitat volatiles may contribute to the composition of sand flies and highlight their potential for use in monitoring sand fly populations.
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Short, Jeff, and Andrew Hide. "Distribution and status of the red-tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura)." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 1 (2012): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11017.
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The red-tailed phascogale once extended widely across semiarid and arid Australia, but is now entirely confined to the southern wheatbelt of Western Australia, occupying less than 1% of its former range. Here it occurs in a portion of the Avon Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, and Esperance Plains biogeographical regions. The species persists only in areas that have been extensively cleared for agriculture and where the remaining bushland is highly fragmented. It does not appear to extend into unfragmented habitat in either the Jarrah Forest to the west or Mallee region to the east. It occurs primarily in woodland habitat with old-growth hollow-producing eucalypts, primarily wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo) or York Gum (E. loxophleba), but records from the periphery of its current range appear to come from a broader range of habitats, including shrublands and various mosaics of woodland, shrubland, and scrub-heath. Key factors limiting persistence are likely to be fragmentation of habitat that is likely to greatly increase the risks associated with dispersal, a shortage of suitable nesting hollows in many vegetation associations, and predation by feral and domestic cats and by foxes. These factors, particularly fragmentation and lack of suitable nesting hollows, suggest that the species’ long-term persistence in areas beyond the wandoo belt is far from assured.
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Farkas, Péter, Szilvia Kusza, and István Majzinger. "The importance of predator species in the population dynamics of the Brown hares (Lepus europaeus, Pallas 1778) – Literature review." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 73 (August 29, 2017): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/73/1625.
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One of the conditions for successful small game management is the good management of predator species. The predator species play an important role in the sustainable utilization of the domestic brown hare populations. A portion of these species are under nature protection and with the rest of the species can be utilizing by the wildlife management professionals. Important prey species of brown hares: perspective are red fox, domestic dog and domestic cat. Based on latest date of the National Game Management Database in hunting bags increasing every year the number of the European badger, the stone marten and the golden jackal. In Hungary the brown hare’s most important predator bird species are common buzzard, marsh-harries and goshawk. The human race is not only as a top predator affects the number of the population of brown hares with the wildlife management but indirectly with traffic, (soil cultivation, mowing, and pest control) as well. The control of predators is absolutely necessary for successful small game management, but without sufficient habitat size and habitat development it is hardly sufficient.
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Kochan, Joanna, Wojciech Niżański, Nei Moreira, Zalmir Silvino Cubas, Agnieszka Nowak, Sylwia Prochowska, Agnieszka Partyka, Wiesława Młodawska, and Józef Skotnicki. "ARTs in wild felid conservation programmes in Poland and in the world." Journal of Veterinary Research 63, no. 3 (September 13, 2019): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0043.
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Abstract With the exception of the domestic cat, all felid species (Felidae) are currently threatened with extinction in their natural habitat. To develop effective and optimal wild cat conservation programmes with assisted reproductive technology (ART) it is necessary to combine advances from different disciplines of science, starting from the biology of the species, through research into the population and habitat, assisted reproductive technologies, establishment of gene banks, developing bioinformatic systems, and ending with biodiversity and endangered species management. In the last few years knowledge of felid reproduction has expanded considerably thanks to comparative studies utilising the domestic cat as a research model for endangered wild cats. Basic reproductive techniques utilised in both domestic cat breeding and rescuing wild felid populations that are threatened with extinction include semen collection and cryopreservation, artificial insemination, oocyte collection, in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilisation, somatic cloning, and embryo transfer. The main directions in which assisted reproductive technologies are being developed in wild cat conservation implementations and the contribution of Polish research centres in advancing these methods are presented.
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Plowden, Campbell, and David Bowles. "The illegal market in tiger parts in northern Sumatra, Indonesia." Oryx 31, no. 1 (January 1997): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1997.d01-4.x.
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The Sumatran tiger is the only one of three original subspecies of tigers that survives in Indonesia today. Its wild population, estimated to be 400–650 animals, has progressively diminished because of habitat destruction, poaching and the removal of tigers involved in conflicts with local farmers. This paper presents previously undocumented information on the market in tiger products. It shows that, while no documentation of intentional tiger poaching to meet an international demand for tiger bones was recorded, the domestic demand for tiger bones, teeth and claws is still a potential threat to the future survival of this subspecies. In addition to continuing work to protect the integrity of tiger habitat in Sumatra, enforcement actions are required to prevent the domestic market for tiger parts increasing the threats to this subspecies and to ensure its conservation.
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Tahvonen, Outi. "Scalable Green Infrastructure—The Case of Domestic Private Gardens in Vuores, Finland." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 4571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124571.
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The planning, implementation, and everyday use of the built environment interweave the green and grey components of urban fabric tightly together. Runoff from grey and impermeable surfaces causes stormwater that is managed in permeable surfaces that simultaneously act as habitats for vegetation. Green infrastructure (GI) is one of the concepts that is used to perceive, manage, and guide the components of urban green spaces. Furthermore, GI pays special attention to stormwater management and urban vegetation at several scales at the same time. This study concentrated on scalable GI in domestic private gardens. A set of garden designs in Vuores, Finland were analyzed and developed by Research by Design. The aim was to study how garden scale choices and designs can enhance GI at the block and neighbourhood scales to rethink design practices to better integrate water and vegetation throughout the scales. As a result, we propose a checklist for designers and urban planners that ensures vegetation-integrated stormwater management to enhance habitat diversity in block scale and possibility to use blocks of private plots for ecological networks. The prerequisite for garden designers is to be capable to balance between water, vegetation, and soil, and their processes and flows in detail the scale.
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Baum, Elizabeth M., Todd F. Robinson, Randy T. Larsen, Steven L. Peterson, and Ryan J. Shields. "Resource Selection of Domestic Sheep on Mountainous Summer Habitat in Utah, United States." Rangeland Ecology & Management 84 (September 2022): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2022.05.009.
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Zając, Zbigniew, Katarzyna Bartosik, and Aneta Woźniak. "Monitoring Dermacentor reticulatus Host-Seeking Activity in Natural Conditions." Insects 11, no. 5 (April 25, 2020): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11050264.
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Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites of humans and animals. These arthropods employ different strategies in their host-seeking activity; most often, it is the “nest”- and “pasture-questing” behaviour. Some species, e.g., Dermacentor reticulatus, exhibit both types of activity depending on their developmental stage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the host-seeking activity of adult D. reticulatus ticks in the eastern part of Poland. To this end, ticks were collected with the flagging method during their seasonal activity in three different types of habitat. Active specimens were marked with a permanent marker and then released. This was repeated consistently at 7-day intervals using a different colour of the marker each time, which allowed tracking the questing activity of the specimens. Most frequently, repetitive tick activity (repeated up to seven times) was noted in a locality surrounded by urban developments. In an agriculturally unused open meadow habitat, 69.9% of D. reticulatus ticks were found to undertake questing activity only once. D. reticulatus females proved to be more aggressive and determined to find a host than the males of this species. Adult D. reticulatus ticks are able to stay in the habitat for a long time and undertake multiple host-seeking activities. The greatest threat of attacks on animals, including domestic animals, and sporadically humans, by these ticks occurs in meadow habitats, which are preferred by this species.
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Recio, Mariano R., Carmen M. Arija, Sara Cabezas-Díaz, and Emilio Virgós. "Changes in Mediterranean mesocarnivore communities along urban and ex-urban gradients." Current Zoology 61, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 793–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.5.793.
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Abstract Urbanization causes wildlife habitat loss, fragmentation, and the replacement of specialist species by generalists and/or exotic taxa. Because mesocarnivores are particularly vulnerable to habitat modifications, the rapid expansion of urban areas and the increasing trend for ex-urban development occurring in Mediterranean ecosystems may be major drivers of change in mesocarnivore communities. We combined camera trapping and sign surveys to quantify the richness and relative abundance of a set of wild and domestic mesocarnivores. We quantified these variables controlling for the gradient of urbanism, ex-urbanism, and other environmental variables in patches of natural vegetation in the region of Madrid (central Spain), and a non-urbanized control area ~220 km south of Madrid city. Using conditional autoregressive models (CAR) and model selection procedures, we found that urbanization influenced mesocarnivore community composition but this influence was not detrimental for all the species tested. Generalist carnivores such as the red fox Vulpes vulpes were more abundant in urban and ex-urban areas. Ex-urban development creates overlapping areas between wild and domestic species (such as the domestic cat Felis catus and the wildcat Felis silvestris) but contact between wild and domestic carnivores in natural areas is unlikely. Detection of species in the control area was very low. Therefore, the impact of urbanization in causing changes in mesocarnivore communities may be less than other factors such as illegal predator culling.
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Wu, Linlin, Caige Sun, and Fenglei Fan. "Estimating the Characteristic Spatiotemporal Variation in Habitat Quality Using the InVEST Model—A Case Study from Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (March 7, 2021): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13051008.
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The intensity of human activity, habitat loss and habitat degradation have significant impacts on biodiversity. Habitat quality plays an important role in spatial dynamics when evaluating fragmented landscapes and the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to evaluate the status and characteristic variation in habitat quality to analyze the underlying factors affecting habitat quality in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Here, we applied Kendall’s rank correlation method to calculate the sensitivity of habitat types to threat factors for the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs habitat quality (InVEST-HQ) model. The spatiotemporal variation in habitat quality of the GBA in the period 1995–2015 was estimated based on the InVEST-HQ model. We analyzed the characteristic habitat quality using different ecosystem classifications and at different elevation gradients. Fractional vegetation cover, the proportion of impervious surface, population distribution and gross domestic product were included as the effect factors for habitat quality. The correlation between the effect factors and habitat quality was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation tests. The results showed that the spatial pattern of habitat quality decreased from fringe areas to central areas in the GBA, that the forest ecosystem had the highest value of habitat quality, and that habitat quality increased with elevation. In the period from 1995 to 2015, habitat quality declined markedly and this could be related to vegetation loss, land use change and intensity of human activity. Built-up land expansion and forest land fragmentation were clear markers of land use change. This study has great significance as an operational approach to mitigating the tradeoff between natural environment conservation and rapid economic development.
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Silva, Paulo Machado e., Gedeom Teófilo Serafim, Ednaldo Cândido Rocha, Ana Paula Elias Fonseca, and Osmar Alves Ferreira. "A rare record of bush dogs (Speothos venaticus) in a peri-urban area of Cerrado in Minas Gerais State, Brazil." Multi-Science Journal 5, no. 1 (November 11, 2022): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33837/msj.v5i1.1574.
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Bush dog (Speothos venaticus) is an endangered wild canid, about which there are still several gaps of knowledge. The species has large home range and can live in environments altered by human activities but requires native habitats. Bush dogs are classified as “endangered” in the Cerrado biome, and the main threats are habitat loss, contraction of diseases from domestic animals and killing by dogs and humans. To contribute with data on the species, we report an unexpected and unprecedented encounter with five bush dogs in a peri-urban reserve, an environment that lies between activities of the Kinross mining company and a residential neighborhood of Paracatu-MG, Brazil, in July 2021. At the time, the animals were seen while marking territory with urine and fecal mucus on a trail widely used by humans and domestic dogs. This is an important and relevant record because, in addition to being unprecedented, as it occurred in a peri-urban environment, it demonstrates the importance of conservation and protection of local areas of native vegetation in the Cerrado biome. Speothos venaticus still needs to be further studied, and effective measures to protect the species, such as population control and health care actions targeting domestic dogs are urgent.
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Restrepo-Cardona, Juan Sebastián, César Márquez, María Ángela Echeverry-Galvis, Félix Hernán Vargas, Diana M. Sánchez-Bellaizá, and Luis Miguel Renjifo. "Deforestation May Trigger Black-and-Chestnut Eagle (Spizaetus isidori) Predation on Domestic Fowl." Tropical Conservation Science 12 (January 2019): 194008291983183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082919831838.
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In anthropogenically transformed habitats, some birds of prey feed on domestic animals, triggering conflict between people and predators. To manage this conflict, it is important to understand the ecological circumstances associated with the predation of domestic animals. We studied variation in the diet of the endangered Black-and-chestnut Eagle ( Spizaetus isidori) in four different Andean landscapes in Colombia. We analyzed 261 prey items brought to five S. isidori nests during the period when the nestlings were being raised. Domestic fowl are relatively frequent prey in the diet of S. isidori in three of the four localities studied (frequency: 9.3%–36%), representing 12.2% to 37.1% of the total biomass of prey consumed. In terms of biomass, in Ciudad Bolívar, Jardín, and Campohermoso, the sites with the greatest forest cover, mammals were the most important prey in the diet of S. isidori, while in Gachalá, the most deforested site, domestic fowl were the most important prey. We recommend that forest cover be maintained and increased to provide habitat for wild prey in the breeding territories of S. isidori using the landscape management tools best suited to the specific socioecological contexts of this eagle’s territories. We also suggest that the management of domestic fowl under controlled conditions or the use of some deterrent be examined as strategies to mitigate or prevent conflict between people and S. isidori. Socioecological research and educational programs should be carried out to increase the public’s understanding of this eagle and its benefits to the ecosystem.
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Lanszki, József, Bertalan Sárdi, and Gabriella L. Széles. "Feeding habits of the stone marten (Martes foina) in villages and farms in Hungary." Natura Somogyiensis, no. 15 (2009): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2009.15.231.
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Habitat type dependent feeding habits of the stone marten (Martes foina) was examined in eight villages and four farms of Somogy county on the basis of scat analysis (n=1227). In the studied summer-autumn period plants (mainly pear, plum, cherry/sour-cherry, grape) formed the dominant component of the diet (villages: 35.6-87.4%, farms 54.1-91.3%). Relying on the animal food, in villages primarily birds (42%, mainly with small singing-birds), secondly small mammals (33%), while on farms primarily small mammals (46%, mostly voles), secondly birds (27%) were consumed, but the difference depending on the type of habitat was not significant. Martens in villages compared with the ones which live on farms consumed more prey species living on trees and bushes (43% vs. 27%) and less terrestrial preys (56% vs. 72%, P<0.05). Irrespectively of type of habitat, small prey species, 15-50 g in range of weight primarily (60%, vs. 50%), mainly habitat-generalist prey species, namely also living in open and forest habitat (84% vs. 87%), and prey species living in human habitat (40% vs. 47%), or also existing in wild and human habitat, were consumed. Consumption ratio of domestic animals (poultry and egg, 7-48%), and rodent pests (house mouse and brown rat, 7-29%) were considerable.
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Shima, Amy L., Lee Berger, and Lee F. Skerratt. "Conservation and health of Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi)." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 1 (2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17030.
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Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) is an iconic species in far north Queensland yet little is known about its health or population status. Studies on this species have been conducted in a limited number of locations and focused primarily on ecology, habitat use and home-range size. The species is relatively common in the Atherton Tablelands but habitat loss, predation by domestic, feral and wild dogs, vehicle strike, low fecundity, and disease have been identified as threats to the population. We review knowledge of population ecology and threats for this species, and include a novel collation of disease reports on all tree-kangaroos with particular reference to Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo. Health of Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo appears to be impacted by the increase in humans and domestic animals in their range. There have been reports of melioidosis, toxoplasmosis, tick paralysis and blindness in wild tree-kangaroos. We identify where increased information on health and population viability will improve conservation and management of the species.
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Rhuemann, Megan, and Sue Wolff. "How are Brewer's Sparrows Affected by the Encroachment of the Exotic Grass Species, Smooth Brome (Bromus Inermis Leyss.)?" UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 30 (January 1, 2006): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2006.3679.
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Sagebrush habitats (Artemisia spp.) across the western United States have been continuously altered since the arrival of early European settlers. Habitat loss and fragmentation in sagebrush-dominated habitats has been attributed to domestic livestock, introduction of non-native vegetation, agricultural expansion, urbanization, and changes in ecological processes that regulate ecosystems (Knick et al. 2003). These alterations have resulted in landscape level changes; for example, it is estimated that between 50-60% of the nearly 63 million hectares once covered by sagebrush in the west have been either completely converted to non-native grasslands or now contain nonÂnative grasses in the understory (Miller and Eddleman 2001, West 2000 and 1996). The encroachment of non-native plants that compete with native vegetation has been identified as one of the most serious threats to the health and integrity of sagebrush ecosystems throughout the west (Paige and Ritter 1999).
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Stoner, David C., Mark A. Ditmer, Dustin L. Mitchell, Julie K. Young, and Michael L. Wolfe. "Conflict, coexistence, or both? Cougar habitat selection, prey composition, and mortality in a multiple-use landscape." California Fish and Wildlife Journal 107, no. 3 (November 2, 2021): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.hwisi.2.
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Western North America is experiencing remarkable human population growth and land-use change. Irrigation and associated cultivation have led to colonization of urban-wildland interface (UWI) environments by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and consequently, cougars (Puma concolor). In the wake of these changes, human-wildlife conflicts have increased in tandem with questions about long-term species conservation. To address these concerns, we fit 79 cougars with radio-telemetry collars in the Oquirrh Mountains near Salt Lake City, Utah (2002–2010). Our goal was to evaluate variation in cougar habitat selection, diet, and cause-specific mortality in a landscape dominated by urban, military, and industrial activities. We used radio-telemetry data in concert with Resource Selection Functions to address three hypotheses: (1) that cougars would select wildland over UWI land-uses; (2) prey composition would reflect differences in land-use; and (3) mortality would be predominantly human-caused. Cougars largely selected wildland habitats associated with seasonal mule deer presence, but contrary to expectation, they also selected habitats closer to urban and mined areas. Prey composition in the UWI did not differ from wildland habitats. Domestic ungulates represented only 2% of 540 recovered prey items and were found primarily in wildlands. Native ungulates comprised > 90% of the total kill, irrespective of season or land-use, suggesting that use of UWI habitats was linked to mule deer presence. Cougar mortality was disproportionately due to natural causes in wildlands, but individuals that died of human causes in UWI habitats were more likely to be inexperienced hunters, supporting young kittens, or compromised by physical handicaps. In general, presence of mule deer was the key predictor of cougar habitat use, even in this highly disturbed, anthropogenically altered landscape. As such, management designed to reduce conflict and ensure conservation will need to focus on urban deer, land-use planning, and targeted education campaigns to reduce food subsidies.
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Nolan, B. "An Update of The Proserpine Rock-wallaby Petrogale persephone Recovery Plan." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97309.
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The Proserpine Rock-wallaby (Petrogale persephone) was not discovered until 1976, with scientific description occurring in 1982 by G.M. Maynes. Petrogale persephone occurs only within the Whitsunday Shire and on Gloucester Island, North Queensland and lives amongst rocky outcrops in elevated pockets of semi-deciduous vine forests. Food is found within the forest and in adjoining woodlands. Changes in land use and habitat fragmentation, through clearing, has isolated many colonies. Habitat loss remains as the single biggest threat to this species followed by road kills in specific areas. Other threats include predation, harassment and transfer of disease from feral and domestic animals. A Recovery Plan has been prepared which identifies priorities for research and management. These priorities include distribution surveys and mapping of habitat, habitat utilisation by P. persephone, captive colony establishment to study reproduction and age estimation and identifying the significance of road kills and predation on the population dynamics of this rock-wallaby. A public education and awareness program has also been developed for implementation.
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Hampson, B. A., M. A. Zabek, C. C. Pollitt, and B. Nock. "Health and behaviour consequences of feral horse relocation." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 2 (2011): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj10075.
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Despite ongoing projects involving the breeding and release of equids into semi-wild and wild environments, insufficient information is available in the literature that describes strategies used by equids to adapt and survive in a novel environment. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of naïve, feral Equus caballus (horse) mares to cope in a novel feral horse environment and investigate possible reasons why some may not survive this challenge. Four mares taken from a semi-arid desert environment remained in good health but significantly changed their movement behaviour pattern when surrounded by prime grazing habitat in a mesic temperate grassland. Three of the four mares captured from the prime grazing habitat and released in the semi-arid desert habitat died, apparently due to stress and/or starvation, within 8 weeks of release. The fourth mare survived 4 months but lost considerable weight. The group of mares relocated to the semi-arid desert environment had difficulty adapting to relocation and did not take up the movement behaviour strategy of local horses, which required long distance treks from a central water hole to distant feeding areas at least 15 km away. The movement behaviour, range use and health consequences of relocating equids may be of interest to wildlife ecologists, animal behaviourists and horse welfare groups. The observations may be used to guide those intending on relocating managed domestic and native horses to novel habitats.
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Borchard, Philip, and Ian A. Wright. "Using camera-trap data to model habitat use by bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) and cattle (Bos taurus) in a south-eastern Australian agricultural riparian ecosystem." Australian Mammalogy 32, no. 1 (2010): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am09010.
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Bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) are an often important south-east Australian agricultural riparian species that may improve riparian landscape heterogeneity via their burrowing activity. At the same time they are often accused of causing soil erosion. As populations of wombats in other landscapes are under threat due to habitat disturbance, road mortality and disease, knowledge of the factors determining their use of riparian systems are important for their conservation and management. Since the European colonisation of Australia, riparian areas have been utilised by domestic cattle (Bos taurus), usually resulting in a decline in biodiversity. Camera-trap data was used to investigate the habitat use by wombats and cattle in remnant Eastern Riverine Forests. A total of 664 detections of animals from 13 species were made over the entire riparian-zone survey. Wombats were the most detected species, followed by cattle, then foxes and cats. Wombat and cattle activity varied significantly through the diurnal cycle, with wombats active from 1900 to 0700 hours and cattle active from 0700 to 1900 hours. There were no seasonal effects relating to the detection of either species. Feral species such as foxes, cats and rabbits were more frequently detected at sites highly disturbed by cattle. Results of this study illustrate the potential of camera-trapping for modelling habitat use by wombats and cattle and providing guidelines for the management of feral animals in remnant agricultural riparian habitats.
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Araújo, Cristiano V. M., Enrique González-Ortegón, Marina G. Pintado-Herrera, Miriam Biel-Maeso, Pablo A. Lara-Martín, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, and Julián Blasco. "Disturbance of ecological habitat distribution driven by a chemical barrier of domestic and agricultural discharges: An experimental approach to test habitat fragmentation." Science of The Total Environment 651 (February 2019): 2820–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.200.
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