Academic literature on the topic 'Domestic habitat'
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Journal articles on the topic "Domestic habitat"
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Mysterud, Atle, Per Kristian Larsen, Rolf Anker Ims, and Eivind Østbye. "Habitat selection by roe deer and sheep: does habitat ranking reflect resource availability?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-025.
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Habitat ranking is often assumed to reflect food availability, but habitat selection may involve trade-offs, for example, between selecting for food or cover. We tested whether the habitat selection of 27 radio-collared European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 10 free-ranging domestic sheep (Ovis aries) on a forest range in southern Norway reflected resource availability. We predicted that ruminants of different feeding types would use habitats according to the main forage class, but that antipredator behavior might remove the correlation between habitat selection and food availability, thus making temporal and spatial scaling crucial. As predicted, habitat selection by sheep was highly correlated with grass availability on both the home-range and study-area scales. The habitat ranking of roe deer habitat selection did not correlate with the availability of herbs on either scale, but rather was correlated with the availability of canopy cover. We found a clear effect of temporal scale on habitat selection by roe deer. During summer, roe deer used forest habitats with more forage to a greater extent when they were active than when they were inactive, and tended to use habitats with greater availability of herbs at night. We conclude that scale-dependent trade-offs in habitat selection may cause inconsistent habitat rankings when pooled across temporal and spatial scales.
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Oehler, James D., and John A. Litvaitis. "The role of spatial scale in understanding responses of medium-sized carnivores to forest fragmentation." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 2070–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-235.
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Increased predation has been suggested as a proximate factor causing the decline of vertebrate diversity in many human-altered landscapes. Previous studies on this topic have provided conflicting results, perhaps as a consequence of the limited spatial scale used in these investigations. We incorporated a multiscaled approach (using site, plot (1.44 km2), and landscape (54 km2)) to investigate the distribution of activity of medium-sized carnivores relative to habitat edges and the numeric responses of these predators to habitat diversity. Among the taxa surveyed, raccoons (Procyon lotor) did not show an affinity for habitat edges at any spatial scale. However, raccoons were more abundant in landscapes characterized by a diversity of cover types. Free-ranging domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis domesticus) did not respond to the proximity of habitat edges in summer but showed a strong affinity for edge habitats (especially those associated with human dwellings) during winter. Wild canids (Vulpes vulpes and Canis latrans) also selected sites in close proximity to edges in winter and were more abundant in diverse landscapes. Although human-dominated habitats (agricultural areas, grass–brushland, and developed sites) represented only 7–27% of the three landscapes studied, populations of generalist predators (raccoons and wild canids) increased as landscapes became more diverse. As a result, even moderate levels of habitat fragmentation may elevate predation rates and subsequently alter the composition of prey communities.
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Coughlin, Cayley E., and Yolanda van Heezik. "Weighed down by science: do collar-mounted devices affect domestic cat behaviour and movement?" Wildlife Research 41, no. 7 (2014): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14160.
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Context Animals carrying tracking and logging devices are subject to a range of instrument effects that negatively affect survival, reproduction and behaviour. The common recommendation is that device weight should not exceed 5% body mass (BM) for terrestrial species; however, this rule-of-thumb has little empirical basis. Modelling indicates that devices weighing less than 3% BM may still have impacts. Several studies have used telemetry and data loggers on domestic cats (Felis catus) with instruments ranging in weight from 30 g to 125 g, but there has been no quantitative evaluation of instrument effects. In addition, inexpensive GPS tags such as iGotU are increasingly being used to track domestic cats, but often with little acknowledgement of habitat-related location error. Aims We evaluated the impact of wearing devices of different weights on domestic cat movements, and quantified location error across typical suburban habitats. Methods We recorded movements of cats wearing three different GPS collar weights for a week at a time: light, 30 g (<1% BM); medium, 80 g (~2% BM); and heavy, 130 g (~3% BM). Location error (LE) and fix success rates (FSR) were compared between backyard habitats and up- or downward orientation of the GPS tags on collars. Key results Home-range size and distance travelled from home were smaller when cats wore the heaviest collar. LE was lower and FSR higher for GPS tags with direct-line-of-sight to satellites (e.g. on lawns), but there was no difference between tags placed in dense vegetation (hedges) or more open vegetation (trees), or tags oriented up or down. Conclusions Collars carrying instruments on cats should be no more than 2% BM (medium-weight collar). LE was large relative to typical urban habitat size, indicating that misclassification of locations into habitats could easily occur in habitat-selection studies. Implications Some published accounts of cat home-range sizes may be underestimates, resulting in underestimates of the extent of impacts on prey species. Habitat-use studies should acknowledge the error associated with GPS tags and incorporate it into analyses using techniques such as Brownian Bridges.
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Davenport, Rebecca N., Melinda Weaver, Katherine C. B. Weiss, and Eric G. Strauss. "Spatiotemporal relationships of coyotes and free-ranging domestic cats as indicators of conflict in Culver City, California." PeerJ 10 (October 7, 2022): e14169. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14169.
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As habitat generalists, urban coyote (Canis latrans) populations often utilize an abundance of diverse food sources in cities. Within southern California, domestic cats (Felis catus) comprise a higher proportion of coyote diets than in other studied urban areas throughout the United States. However, it is unclear which ecological factors contribute to higher rates of cat depredation by coyotes in this region. While previous research suggests that coyote presence may have a negative effect on free-ranging domestic cat distributions, few studies have determined whether urban green spaces affect coyote or free-ranging domestic cat occurrence and activity within a predominantly urbanized landscape. We placed 20 remote wildlife cameras across a range of green spaces and residential sites in Culver City, California, an area of Los Angeles County experiencing pronounced coyote-domestic cat conflict. Using data collected across 6 months from 2019–2020, we assessed the influence of green space and prey species (i.e., cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.) and domestic cats) on coyote habitat use and activity. Coyotes exhibited a preference for sites with higher amounts of green space, while domestic cat habitat use was high throughout our study region. Although cottontail rabbit habitat use was also highly associated with urban green space, neither cottontails nor domestic cats appeared to temporally overlap significantly with coyotes. Unlike other cities where coyotes and domestic cats exhibit strong habitat partitioning across the landscape, domestic cats and coyotes spatially overlapped in green space fragments throughout Culver City. We suggest that this pattern of overlap may be responsible for the frequent cases of domestic cat depredation by coyotes in Culver City.
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Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi, Wara Dyah Pita Rengga, Dwi Gansar Santi Wijayanti, and Dhoni Hartanto. "PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH DOMESTIK MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK MENGGUNAKAN BIOCOMPOSTER DI KELURAHAN SEKARAN KEC. GUNUNGPATI KOTA SEMARANG." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Khatulistiwa 5, no. 1 (April 8, 2022): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpmk.v5i1.1397.
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ABSTRACTKelurahan Sekaran has a high population density because it consists of natives and immigrants. Dense activities creating a large volume of domestic waste. The domestic waste consists of vegetable, fruit, egg shells and food scraps and is semi-alkaline in nature. If this domestic waste is not managed properly, it will accumulate and cause environmental problems in the form of unpleasant odors, polluting the environment, disturbing the scenery, and becoming a habitat for pathogenic microorganisms that can cause disease for humans. Therefore, it is necessary to properly handle the organic domestic waste by recycling or processing into new and more useful products such as processing organic domestic waste into organic fertilizer using biocomposter. So far, not all people in Sekaran know the appropriate technology to process domestic waste into organic fertilizer and the economic potential of the products. Thus, community service activities have been carried out regarding training for processing skills of organic domestic waste into solid and liquid organic fertilizer (compost), as well as its application to plants. This training has a positive impact on environmental cleanliness and the creation of new products with appropriate technology, especially for the community in Sekaran Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City (PKK RT 04 RW 01 Sekaran).Keywords: Domestic waste, organic fertilizer, biocomposter, Sekaran Village ABSTRAKKelurahan Sekaran memiliki kepadatan populasi yang tinggi karena terdiri dari penduduk asli dan pendatang dari luar daerah. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan padatnya aktivitas sehingga menghasilkan volume sampah domestik yang besar. Sampah domestik tersebut terdiri dari sisa sayur, buah, cangkang telur maupun sisa-sisa makanan dan bersifat semi basa. Jika sampah domestik ini tidak dikelola dengan baik, maka akan menumpuk dan menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan berupa bau tidak sedap, mengotori lingkungan, mengganggu pemandangan, dan menjadi habitat bagi mikroorganisme patogen yang dapat menimbulkan penyakit bagi manusia. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penanganan yang tepat terhadap sampah domestik organik tersebut dengan recycle atau mengolah menjadi produk baru yang lebih bermanfaat seperti pengolahan sampah domestik organik menjadi pupuk organik menggunakan biocomposter. Sejauh ini, masyarakat di Sekaran belum semua mengetahui teknologi tepat guna untuk mengolah sampah domestik menjadi pupuk organik serta potensi ekonomis dari produk yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, telah dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat mengenai pelatihan ketrampilan pengolahan sampah domestik organik menjadi pupuk organik (kompos) padat dan cair, serta aplikasinya pada tanaman. Pelatihan ini berdampak positif terhadap kebersihan lingkungan dan penciptaan produk baru dengan teknologi tepat guna, khususnya bagi masyarakat di Kelurahan Sekaran, Kecamatan Gunungpati, Kota Semarang (PKK RT 04 RW 01 Sekaran). Kata Kunci: Sampah domestik, pupuk organik, biocomposter, Kelurahan Sekaran
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Deb, Mitrajit, Pinaki Adhikary, Petr Sláma, Zdeněk Havlíček, Petr Řezáč, Parimal C. Bhattacharjee, and Shubhadeep Roychoudhury. "Aggressive Behavior of Phayre’s Leaf Monkeys Towards Domestic Dogs in Cachar District of Assam, India." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 4 (2015): 1105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563041105.
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Phayre’s leaf-monkeys (Trachipithecus phayrei) or Phayre’s langurs are old world monkeys that inhabit South-East Asian tropical forests. The species is under a severe threat due to large scale habitat destruction and disturbances by people living near the habitat of langurs. The present study recorded the aggressive behavior of male langurs towards domestic dogs in the Cachar district of Assam. Response of each member in the troop was observed. The sophisticated behavior of males in safeguarding the weaker members was observed. In conclusion, the harassment by domestic dogs may result in the expulsion of Phayre’s langurs from their native habitat.
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Badwaik, Vaishali J. "An initial checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their specific distribution from district Wardha, Maharashtra, India." Science Archives 03, no. 02 (2022): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/sa.2022.3201.
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Biodiversity of life forms is incredible in India. In the present study, the comprehensive list of ant species and their distribution in district wardha from 2019 to 2021 have been studied. The habitat selected to study the impressive diversity of ants is agricultural field, domestic habitats, tree plantations, and surrounding water bodies. This is the first checklist of ant recorded in eight tehsil places (Seloo, Wardha, Deoli, Arvi, Ashti, Karanja, Hinganghat, Samudrapur) of district Wardha. The total ant species recorded belong to six subfamilies i.e. Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Dorylinae, Dolichoderinae, and Pseudomyrmicinae. A total of 57 species belonging to the 30 genera are listed in the district. The species diversity index is more in agricultural fields followed by domestic habitats. The generic richness recorded for Componotus and Crematogaster.
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Kim, Kim, Lim, Kim, Park, Kim, Lee, Lee, and Lee. "Distribution and Management of Nutria (Myocastor coypus) Populations in South Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 4169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154169.
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In 2014, the South Korean government initiated the “Nutria Eradication Project” to actively manage and control populations of nutria, an invasive alien species that threatens national biodiversity. In the present study, we examined domestic nutria habitats in 2014 to 2018 and analyzed spatial shifts in habitat distribution to develop management policies and eradication strategies for the South Korean Ministry of Environment. A total of 27,487 nutria individuals were captured over five years upon the initiation of the eradication project. We found that the number of habitat tracks decreased from 1510 in 19 administrative districts in 2014 to 176 in 14 districts in 2018. We examined the distribution of nutria habitat tracks and found a northwestward shift at an average angle of 313.9° and 46,656.9 m. This distribution shift prompted improvements in control policies focused on nutria capture to suppress rodent movement and shifting distributions. We redefined the spatial scope of our control regions accordingly and established isolated environments in each region to prevent further spread. Additionally, resource management was focused in areas showing habitat expansion. Overall, we observed an estimated 54% decrease in nutria habitat tracks from 2016 to 2017. Our results have since been enacted in government policies and provide a basis for establishing flexible strategies for effectively controlling nutria habitats and populations. In 2017, the South Korean government allocated additional funds for research and for the development of further control strategies working toward the project’s goals.
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Pahre, Robert. "International Cooperation as Interagency Cooperation: Examples from Wildlife and Habitat Preservation." Perspectives on Politics 7, no. 4 (December 2009): 883–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592709991861.
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Cooperation between two agencies presents much the same problem whether these agencies are found in different countries or in the same country. This similarity is generally overlooked because the issues over which agencies negotiate often differ—defense and trade policy at the international level, transportation or land use at the domestic level. Demonstrating the analytical similarity of international cooperation to domestic interagency cooperation requires holding issue area constant while allowing interstate and intrastate units to vary. To do this, I focus on cooperation over wildlife and habitat preservation at the domestic and international levels in the US and Canada. I explain this variation in cooperation in a simple theory in which agency goals and certain features of species interact. Variation between successful and unsuccessful cooperation in this issue area is governed solely by characteristics of the species and agency goals in each management unit, and does not depend on whether a problem is “international” or “domestic.” For scholars who think in terms of nation-states interacting in an anarchic international system, this points to a very different unit of analysis. For those who emphasize the domestic politics of international cooperation, this moves us away from executives constrained by legislatures to look at sub-units within each executive.
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Alho, CJR, S. Mamede, K. Bitencourt, and M. Benites. "Introduced species in the Pantanal: implications for conservation." Brazilian Journal of Biology 71, no. 1 suppl 1 (April 2011): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000200011.
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Land use and human occupation within the natural habitats of the Pantanal have facilitated introduction of invasive species of plants and animals, including domestic species. Exotic species threaten regional biodiversity because they modify ecological community structure, alter natural habitats and affect local biodiversity. An international organisation, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the Brazilian government, identify invasive species as the third most important threat to biodiversity, following habitat loss and direct effect on species. In addition, exotic species carry pathogens or may function as vectors or reservoirs for diseases that affect regional biota.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Domestic habitat"
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Scott, Cody B. "Behavioral Characteristics Affect Habitat Selection of Domestic Ruminants." DigitalCommons@USU, 1995. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6488.
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I evaluated some of the factors affecting livestock distribution by conducting experimental (Chapters II and III) and observational (Chapter IV) studies. In Chapter II, I described the effect of locations of familiar foods and social interactions on choice of feeding location by lambs. Lambs were exposed to a pasture as subgroups of strangers and companions with different dietary habits (i.e., three lambs that preferred milo with three lambs that preferred wheat). Milo was placed on one end and wheat on the other, about 100 m apart. Strangers typically fed in different locations, reflecting dietary preferences. Conversely, companions fed in both single subgroups and in separate subgroups because both social interactions and dietary preferences affected choice of feeding location.
The objective of Chapter III was to evaluate the effect of experience with a pasture on choice of feeding location. Lambs with different levels of familiarity with the pasture were exposed as subgroups with different dietary habits. Lambs familiar with the pasture typically fed in separate locations, reflecting dietary preferences. Lambs naive to the pasture always fed in one subgroup and consumed both foods because social interactions overrode dietary preferences.
Results in Chapter IV describe cattle observations on a 1,030-ha grazing allotment. Cattle home ranges were similar in location (i.e., site fidelity) between 1990 and 1991, even though home ranges increased in size and (or) shifted in location in response to water availability. Moreover, forage availability did not account for changes in home range size or location. Site fidelity probably developed because of experiences early in life while foraging with mother and (or) peers.
Managers may be able to improve distribution by manipulating foraging experiences. Placing familiar foods/supplements in underutilized areas, controlling the amount of experience livestock have with different habitat types, and culling animals that spend a disproportionate amount of time in riparian zones may improve · distribution. Herding could also improve distribution. Herding integrates social interactions and experience with foods by controlling the exposure of social groups to particular foods and habitats. Nevertheless, livestock may still spend considerable time in riparian zones unless other watering points are available.
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Baum, Elizabeth M. "Monitoring Domestic Sheep Energy Requirements and Habitat Selection on Summer Mountain Range Using Low-Cost GPS Collar Technology." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9177.
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With the advent of global position system (GPS) collar technology, we have developed a much greater understanding of the temporal and spatial distribution of livestock and their associated grazing patterns. While significant research using GPS collars has been reported for cattle, little research is available describing collar use in understanding the behavior of domestic sheep. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the energy requirements of sheep with the use of GPS collars. To accomplish this, we adapted a low-cost i-gotU GPS tracking device that is typically designed for cattle and modified it to fit sheep. Each collar was programmed to record sheep movements within four grazing habitat types during different times of the year. Habitat types included spring pasture (SP), spring low hill habitat (SH), summer mountain habitat (MH) and winter desert habitat (DH). We divided our research into two studies: 1) to track and compare energy expenditure of domestic sheep between four habitats using collars for recording sheep movements, and 2) to model summer mountain selection by sheep using the collar derived coordinate positions and environmental variables in an RSF model process. We hypothesized that there would more energy expended while out on desert habitat in comparison to other range habitats and sheep would select for sites on summer mountain habitat that were close to water, gentle in terrain, and higher in elevation. We used sheep energy equations to determine the energy requirement. Collar derived coordinates were used to measure the horizontal distance traveled on flat terrain or vertical distances both upslope and downhill across variable terrain. Our results found that total distance traveled was not different between SP, SH and MH at 6.7, 7.1 and 6.9 km/d, respectively, however, total movement was different (P<0.05) on DH at 10.5 km/d. Sheep movement was greater (P<0.05) on slopes (altitude change in 3m between waypoints) versus flat terrain (movement between waypoints >20m). For example, sheep spent 65% of movement on slope and 39% on flat movement for SH, 86% of movement was spent on slope and 16% on flat terrain for MH, and 89% of movement was spent on slope and 11% movement was on flat for DH. Total energy required between the four habitats was different (P<0.05) at 5.9, 8.6, 7.1 and 13.9 Mcal ME/d for SP, SH, MH and DH respectively. While on summer MH sheep avoided slopes and rugged terrain, but selected for sites close to water, northern facing aspects and areas higher in elevation. We found that sheep expend the most energy on DH and sheep on MH will select for gentle terrain, areas close to water, northern facing slopes, higher elevation and avoid slopes. With this insight, sheep managers can better meet energy requirements needs and understand habitat utilization of their flocks.
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Silva, Laura Cunha de Albuquerque Ferreira da. "Habitat selection by free-roaming domestic dogs in Indonesia : rural versus urban setting." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21129.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaFree-roaming domestic dogs (FRDD) greatly impact human public health, known for playing key roles in the transmission of numerous zoonotic diseases. Dogs are responsible for 99% of human rabies cases worldwide and FRDD are particularly important as the main source for rabies transmission to humans. Dog-mediated rabies lays a heavy economic, environmental and social burden on human communities, especially on those most vulnerable. Sixty percent of dog-mediated rabies human fatalities worldwide occur in Asia with Indonesia registering, per year, the fourth highest human rabies cases number of the continent. Improved rabies control programs can be attained through the study of dogs’ movements within their available habitat. Yet, little is known about FRDD habitat requirements, particularly in Indonesia. By analysing data on 109 FRDD in two distinct habitats, this project aimed to investigate resources meaningful to FRDD habitat selection in relation to anthropogenic and geographical characteristics in a rural and urban landscape. In particular, we assess whether FRDD select habitat resources differently according to the setting. The chosen methodology employed was spatial mixed effects logistic regression models which, by having as outcome the presence or absence of FRDD in the available habitat resources, provides insight on which resources dogs are more likely to be found and are therefore preferred. Habitat selection by FRDD disclosed slightly different preferences according to the setting. The most sought-after resources in both study sites were the buildings and roads. Vegetation covered areas were positively associated with FRDD presence in the semi-urban, but not in the rural study site. Nevertheless, in the semi-urban area, FRDD preferred the beach over vegetation covered areas. Slope, in the rural setting, and sea, in the semi-urban area, were identified as being negatively associated with the presence of FRDD. Although these results should not be incautiously extrapolated to other regions and should be interpreted keeping in mind the Indonesian context, these results are still novel and relevant to future rabies control actions.
RESUMO - Seleção de Habitat por Cães Domésticos Errantes na Indonésia – Contexto rural versus contexto urbano - Cães domésticos errantes têm um impacto nefasto na Saúde Pública Humana, sendo cruciais na transmissão de inúmeras doenças zoonóticas. Os cães são responsáveis por 99% dos casos de raiva humana registados a nível mundial e, os cães domésticos errantes são a causa principal de transmissão de raiva para o Homem. A raiva humana transmitida por cães impõe um pesado fardo económico, social e ambiental sobre as comunidades humanas. Sessenta porcento das mortes humanas por raiva transmitida por cães ocorre na Ásia e a Indonésia regista, por ano, o quarto número mais elevado de casos de raiva humana no continente. Programas mais adequados de controlo da raiva podem ser conseguidos através do estudo sobre como os cães se movem dentro do seu habitat. No entanto, pouco ou nada se sabe sobre os requisitos de habitat dos cães domésticos errantes, em particular na Indonésia. Através da análise de 109 cães domésticos errantes em dois habitats (ambiente rural e ambiente urbano), este projeto investigou quais os recursos significativos na seleção de habitat por estes cães. Especificamente, avaliou se a seleção de habitat por estes cães difere entre o ambiente rural e urbano. A metodologia empregue neste estudo foram modelos mistos espaciais de regressão logística que, ao utilizarem a presença/ausência do cão num determinado recurso do habitat, permitem inferir sobre quais os recursos onde os cães mais provavelmente se encontram, sendo por isso preferidos pelos mesmos. A seleção de habitat por cães domésticos errantes revelou diferenças ligeiras de acordo com o espaço geográfico em análise. O recurso mais procurado em ambos os espaços geográficos foram os edifícios e as estradas. Áreas cobertas por vegetação estão positivamente associadas com a presença de cães no ambiente urbano, mas não em ambiente rural. No entanto, na área urbana, os cães preferiram a praia a zonas cobertas por vegetação. O declive, na área rural, e o mar, na área urbana, estão negativamente associados com a presença de cães. Apesar destes resultados terem de ser interpretados tendo em conta o contexto indonésio e não poderem ser extrapolados incautamente para outras zonas do mundo, são ainda relevantes para ações de controlo da raiva transmitida por cães.
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Kaszta, Zaneta. "Using remotely-sensed habitat data to model space use and disease transmission risk between wild and domestic herbivores in the African savanna." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/253820.
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The interface between protected and communal lands presents certain challenges for wildlife conservation and the sustainability of local livelihoods. This is a particular case in South Africa, where foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), mainly carried by African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is transmitted to cattle despite a fence surrounding the protected areas.The ultimate objective of this thesis was to improve knowledge of FMD transmission risk by analyzing behavioral patterns of African buffalo and cattle near the Kruger National Park, and by modelling at fine spatial scale the seasonal risk of contact between them. Since vegetation is considered as a primary bottom-up regulator of grazers distribution, I developed fine-scale seasonal mapping of vegetation. With that purpose, I explored the utility of WorldView-2 (WV-2) sensor, comparing object- (OBIA) and pixel-based image classification methods, and various traditional and advanced classification algorithms. All tested methods produced relatively high accuracy results (>77%), however OBIA with random forest and support vector machines performed significantly better, particularly for wet season imagery (93%).In order to investigate the buffalo and cattle seasonal home ranges and resource utilization distributions I combined the telemetry data with fine-scale maps on forage (vegetation components, and forage quality and quantity). I found that buffalo behaved more like bulk feeders at the scale of home ranges but were more selective within their home range, preferring quality forage over quantity. In contrast, cattle selected forage with higher quantity and quality during the dry season but behaved like bulk grazers in the wet season.Based on the resource utilization models, I generated seasonal cost (resistance) surfaces of buffalo and cattle movement through the landscape considering various scenarios. These surfaces were used to predict buffalo and cattle dispersal routes by applying a cumulative resistant kernels method. The final seasonal contact risks maps were developed by intersecting the cumulative resistant kernels layers of both species and by averaging all scenarios. The maps revealed important seasonal differences in the contact risk, with higher risk in the dry season and hotspots along a main river and the weakest parts of the fence. Results of this study can guide local decision makers in the allocation of resources for FMD mitigation efforts and provide guidelines to minimize overgrazing.Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Bonnin, Marguerite. "Habitable et confortable : modèles culturels, pratiques de l’habitat et pratiques de consommation d’énergie en logement social et copropriétés." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100003/document.
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Ce travail de thèse en architecture se veut être une réponse à l’impasse conceptuelle dans laquelle se trouvent la plupart des recherches centrées sur les comportements de consommation d’énergie au logement, étudiés soit sous l’angle technique soit sous l’angle culturel, sans réussir à dresser une image complète des pratiques de consommation d’énergie. Elle repose sur une démarche de recherche inductive menée à partir de deux enquêtes de terrain, l’une auprès de vingt ménages habitant le parc social et l’autre chez six ménages du parc privé, qui ont conduit à une description ethnographique fine des pratiques domestiques. Celle-ci repose principalement sur la mise en place d’une méthodologie originale permettant de rendre lisibles les usages réels de l’énergie en fonction des activités qui ont lieu au domicile, en leur rendant leur contexte et leur dimension spatiale. Les résultats permettent de révéler un lien fort entre le rapport au logement qu’entretiennent les habitants (grâce à l’occupation des différents espaces et des ambiances mises en place, de la mise en scène du logement), et leur rapport à l’énergie (au travers de l’usage des différents appareils utilisant de l’énergie, du chauffage ou de l’aération), qui ne relève de facteurs financiers que dans des cas extrêmes. Les comportements de consommation alors observés prennent place dans le contexte de la construction d’un environnement rendu habitable et confortable par ses habitants, et donc dans une dimension très subjective du « bien habiter » et du « bien consommer »This architectural thesis is the reaction to the conceptual impasse found within most of the researches centred around behavioural patterns concerning energy consumption within housing, which is examined from either a technical or a cultural angle while failing to represent an overall view of energy consumption practices. The thesis is based on an inductive research approach following two surveys: with twenty households from the social housing sector and with six from the private housing sector, which generate a comprehensive ethnographic definition of domestic practices. This definition is predominantly based on a newly formulated methodology which provides insight into the real uses of energy with regards to domestic activities by applying a spacial quality to the context and dimension of such behaviours. The results reveals a strong link between the connection that the inhabitants have with their dwellings (resulting from their use of various spaces and their creation of particular environments, the staging of the home) and their relationship with energy (via the use of energy-based appliances, of heating and ventilation), rather than economic factors which are only relevent in extreme cases. Behaviours concerning consumption therefore take place within the context of a created environment made liveable and comfortable by its occupants and therefore a very subjective context with regards to «living well» and «consuming well»
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Vernet, Apolline. "L'habitat urbain au Proche-Orient, de la fin de la période byzantine aux premiers temps de l'Islam (VIè-s. - VIIIè s.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H044.
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Théâtre de la conquête des troupes musulmanes au début du VIIe s., le Proche-Orient (Bilād al-Shām) offre un terrain d’étude solide pour interroger la transition entre l’époque byzantine et l’époque islamique. Les données archéologiques, associées aux recherches historiques récentes permettent d’évaluer l’impact de la conquête musulmane sur les villes du Proche-Orient. Cette thèse propose donc d’étudier l’habitat urbain comme marqueur privilégié des transformations sociales à l’œuvre entre la fin du VIe s. et le milieu du VIIIe siècle. Le recensement de la documentation des habitats présents dans les villes entre le VIe s. et le VIIIe s. nous permet dans un premier temps de définir les formes d’habitats et leur implantation durant cette période. Ensuite, l’étude archéologique apporte une analyse technique de l’architecture et des installations domestiques, mais permet également au travers de la typologie d’éclairer le polymorphisme de l’habitat urbain. La thèse envisage finalement de comprendre l’habitat urbain comme révélateur des transformations sociales. En effet, l’évolution des modes de consommation et la mutation des activités hébergées dans les exemples du corpus témoignent d’un changement du cadre de vie du citadin entre le VIe s. et le VIIIe s. au Proche-Orient. L’archéologie nous offre donc les indices nécessaires pour déterminer les cadres de vie urbain et domestique à la fin de l’époque byzantine ainsi que les transformations à l’œuvre suite à la conquête musulmane du Proche-Orient. Ainsi, l’analyse des changements de l’habitat urbain nous permet d’entrevoir une nouvelle société après la conquête islamiqueThe Near East, also known as Bilād al-Shām, underwent major transformations between the 6th and 8th centuries, corresponding with the shift from the Byzantine to the Umayyad period. Archaeological data, associated with recent publications in History, allows one to evaluate the impact that the Islamic conquest had on the urban settlements of the Near East. This thesis offers to analyse urban dwellings as a marker for social transformations between the 6th and 8th centuries. The first part of the thesis gathers archaeological data pertaining to urban transformations and to households in Near East between 6th and 8th c. that allows us to define the particulars of urban dwellings during the period in question. The second part gives a technical analyse of architecture and domestic structures, in addition, the typology highlights different sorts of dwellings standing in urban contexts. The third step of this study aims to underline how urban dwellings can highlight transformations in living-habits. Indeed, the evolution of consumption practices and the variation of activities within dwellings reveal a profound change in habitation strategies among cities between the 6th and the 8th centuries. During a period where there is little textual data that concerns housing, this thesis shows how archaeological data can give us access to the transformations of everyday life from the end of the Byzantine period to the Islamic period. It also gives us new evidence about how urban society transformed after Islamic conquest in the Near East
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Gray, Samantha Jane. "The effects of habitat structure on the social behaviour of house mice : (Mus domesticus and Mus spretus)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338523.
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Shaw, Lorna. "Investigating the role of socioeconomic status in determining urban habitat quality for the house sparrow, Passer domesticus." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/99876.
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Urban areas are increasingly recognised as an important resource for wildlife, as studies have shown that gardens, parks and brownfield sites can contain high insect and plant diversity. Urban centres can also provide resources for species of conservation concern, and it is therefore important to monitor urban habitat quality and ensure the maintenance of urban biodiversity. However urban habitats are often difficult to monitor effectively due to access and sight restrictions in built up areas. This thesis investigates urban habitat quality in relation to an urban specialist species, the House Sparrow Passer domesticus. After considering the importance of urban habitats for biodiversity in general, I review the current status and distribution of the house sparrow in urban areas, with particular reference to the possibility that human socioeconomic status has influenced the decline of the species in some urban areas. I then consider which features of urban houses and gardens may provide a potential explanation for inter-city variation in habitat quality for urban birds. I present evidence that the age of houses; the prevalence of roof repairs; and the presence of extensive paved areas such as driveways are linked to areas with low levels of socioeconomic deprivation. I then use nationwide data to establish that house sparrows in English cities are more likely to occur in areas that are relatively deprived. Furthermore, analysis of land use data confirms that house sparrow occurrence decreases with increasing levels of building and paving, and increases with the area of green space available. However, house sparrow occurrence also appears to decrease with increasing garden area, a surprising finding given that gardens are important foraging habitats for urban birds. By radio tracking house sparrows in urban Bristol, I show that gardens are heavily utilised by house sparrows, but that those with a high proportion of paving are avoided. It appears that changes to areas with low levels of socioeconomic deprivation, notably an increase in paved areas, may have contributed to the urban decline of house sparrows in less deprived parts of English urban areas. These findings are discussed in relation to future urban planning requirements, and the need to mitigate for the detrimental effects of urban development on species of conservation concern. The contribution of large, nationwide datasets to the monitoring of urban habitats, and the implications of these findings for other urban species, including humans, are also highlighted.
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Wingett, Margaret Mary Anne. "The domestic kitchen : the weak link in the food chain : is convenience leading to apathy?" Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997.
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To investigate the meaning and understanding of domestic food preparation within the lived experience of the household's main food preparer this ethnographic study
used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Data were collected from three sources: the literature; an in-store survey of251 food shoppers
chosen at random while shopping during both peak and off peak shopping periods at metropolitan supermarkets; and semi-structured interviews with the principal food shopper and food preparer of 15 different Brisbane households. Male and female respondents representing a cross section of socio-economic groupings, ranged in age from 19-79 years and were all from English speaking backgrounds.
Changes in paid labour force participation, income and education have increased the value of the respondents' time, instigating massive changes in the way they
shop, cook and eat. Much of their food preparation has moved from the domestic kitchen into the kitchens of other food establishments. For both sexes, the dominant motivating force behind these changes is a combination of the their self perceived lack of culinary skill; lack of enjoyment of cooking and lack of motivation to cook. The females in paid employment emphasise all factors, particularly the latter two, significantly more than the non-employed females. All factors are of
increasing importance for individuals aged less than 35 years and conversely, of significantly diminished importance to older respondents. Overall, it is the
respondents aged less than 25 years who indicate the lowest cooking frequency and/or least cooking ability. Inherent in this latter group is an indifference to the art/practice of preparing food. Increasingly, all respondents want to do less cooking and/or get the cooking over with as quickly as possible. Convenience is a powerful lure by which to spend less time in the kitchen. As well, there is an
apparent willingness to pay a premium for convenience. Because children today are increasingly unlikely to be taught to cook, addressing the food skills deficit
and encouraging individuals to cook for themselves are significant issues confronting health educators. These issues are suggested as appropriate subjects of future research.
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Filipe, Mariana Tavares da Cunha Domingues. "Habitação para uma área critica, Bairro do Barruncho." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12301.
Full textBooks on the topic "Domestic habitat"
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Finucci, Enrique Urdaneta. Habitat para todos. Caracas: Fundación de la Vivienda Popular, 1994.
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Bégin, Michel. Choisissez votre habitat. Québec: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1987.
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Paravicini, Ursula. Habitat au féminin. Lausanne: Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, 1990.
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Paravicini, Ursula. Habitat au féminin. Lausanne: Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, 1990.
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Habitat 2002 (2002 Wrocław, Poland). Habitat trzeciej fali: Expo 2010--Wrocław. Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej, 2003.
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Habitat de la bourgeoisie marocaine. Paris: Harmattan, 2013.
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Maïtino, Hilda. Formes urbaines et habitat social: 120 réalisations expérimentales du Plan construction et habitat (1978-1984). Paris: Ministère de l'équipement, du logement, de l'aménagement du territoire et des transports, Plan construction et habitat, 1986.
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Doberti, Roberto. El Habitat de la pobreza: Configuración y manifestaciones. [Buenos Aires]: Comisión de Tierras Fiscales Nacionales. Programma Arraigo, 1996.
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Università di Napoli. Centro interdipartimentale di ricerca per lo studio delle tecniche tradizionali dell'area mediterranea, ed. Habitat rurale mediterraneo: Ricerche del CITTAM 2000. Napoli: Luciano, 2001.
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Correia, Telma de Barros. A construção do habitat moderno no Brasil, 1870-1950. São Carlos, SP: RiMa Editores, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Domestic habitat"
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Gafny, Sarig, Menachem Goren, and Avital Gasith. "Habitat condition and fish assemblage structure in a coastal mediterranean stream (Yarqon, Israel) receiving domestic effluent." In Assessing the Ecological Integrity of Running Waters, 319–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4164-2_26.
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Hanson, Haley E., Jaime E. Zolik, and Lynn B. Martin. "House Sparrow (Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758)." In Invasive birds: global trends and impacts, 85–96. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242065.0085.
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Abstract This chapter describes the common terminologies, taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, physiology, diet, behaviour, reproduction, habitats, ecology, invasion pathways, environmental impact, control and human use of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus).
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Gürtler, Ricardo E., María del Pilar Fernández, and Marta Victoria Cardinal. "Eco-Epidemiology of Vector-Borne Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in Domestic Habitats." In Triatominae - The Biology of Chagas Disease Vectors, 447–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64548-9_17.
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Wong, Ming-Hung. "Ecological Restoration of Man-Made Habitats, with Emphasis on Metal-Contaminated Sites and Domestic Landfills." In Twenty Years of Research and Development on Soil Pollution and Remediation in China, 15–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6029-8_2.
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Auger, James. "Seven Observations, or Why Domestic Robots are Struggling to Enter the Habitats of Everyday Life." In Meaningful Futures with Robots—Designing a New Coexistence, 169–74. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003287445-18.
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D’Addario, Marco, Massimo Labra, Silvia Mari, Raffaele Matacena, and Mariangela Zenga. "An analysis of the transaction towards sustainable food consumption practises during the Italian lockdown for SARS-CoV-2: the experience of the Lombardy region." In Proceedings e report, 121–26. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-304-8.24.
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This paper intends to investigate the behaviours adopted during this lockdown period due to SARS-CoV-2, in which most individuals have found themselves forced to carry out their daily lives within domestic boundaries, and compare them with previously practiced food-related habits. The aim is to understand whether strategies of buying, preparing and consuming food have changed with respect to established habits of 'ordinary' periods, and how these choices are linked to the psychological and emotional wellbeing/feeling experienced by individuals, to the physiological well-being of individuals and to social, environmental and economic sustainability. The analysis is based on the survey carried out by the Department of Psychology in collaboration with the interdepartmental center BEST4Food of Milano-Bicocca university.
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Han, Yi, Xiangyu Liu, Yanhui Du, and Tianliang Lu. "Research on the Relationship Between Chinese Nicknames and Accounts in Social Networks." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 143–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9229-1_9.
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AbstractWith the increasing integration of mobile Internet into people’s daily life, generally a user will register several different network applications at the same time. Therefore, there are many virtual identities belonging to one person on the Internet, and the similarity analysis of cross-platform network identities is of great significance in the field of network security. This paper studied the Chinese user nicknames and virtual identity recognition in domestic social networking. Considering that account nicknames, to some extent, can reflect the characteristics of the account owners’ naming habits and preferences, and that the information of nickname is easier to obtain than other registration information, we collected the nickname information of users who registered on three application platforms: WeChat, Weibo and Alipay. At the same time, according to the characteristics of account nicknames and their probability distribution, we determined the characteristic indicators that can be used to calculate the similarity of nicknames. Finally, this paper optimized the Jaro distance and Jaro-Winkler distance algorithms, and proposed an identity algorithm suitable for domestic social networks, especially calculating the similarity of Chinese nicknames, and verified the effectiveness of the algorithm on the basis of large-scale real data.
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García, Axel Alonso, Alondra Ayala Ramírez, Laura Vázquez Navarrete, and Rocío Abascal-Mena. "Habitar: A Collaborative Tool to Visualize, Distribute, Organize and Share Domestic Tasks Towards Reducing the Gender Gap in Household Labor." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 136–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66919-5_14.
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Wu, Chen-Fa, Chen Yang Lee, Chen-Chuan Huang, Hao-Yun Chuang, Chih-Cheng Weng, Ming Cheng Chen, Choa-Hung Chang, Szu-Hung Chen, Yi-Ting Zhang, and Kuan Chuan Lu. "Sustainable Rural Development and Water Resources Management on a Hilly Landscape: A Case Study of Gonglaoping Community, Taichung, ROC (Chinese Taipei)." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 115–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_7.
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AbstractThe Gonglaoping community is located in Central Western Taiwan, with approximately 700 residents. The hilly landscape contains farmlands and sloping areas with abundant natural resources. Locals rely on the Han River system and seasonal rainfall for water supply for domestic use and irrigation. Uneven rainfall patterns and high demand for water has led to the overuse of groundwater and conflicts among the people. The surrounding natural forests provide important ecosystem services, including wildlife habitats and water conservation, among others; however, overlap with human activities has brought threats to biodiversity conservation. Considering these challenges, locals were determined to transform their community towards sustainability. The Gonglaoping Industrial Development Association (GIDA) and the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau (SWCB) joined hands to initiate the promotion of the Satoyama Initiative, playing catalytic roles in several implementations, such as establishing water management strategies based on mutual trust, rebuilding the masonry landscape, and economic development, forming partnerships with other stakeholders. This multi-stakeholder and co-management platform allowed the community to achieve transformative change, particularly in resolving conflicts of water use, restoring the SEPL, enhancing biodiversity conservation, and developing a self-sustaining economy.Achieving sustainability in a SEPL requires the application of a holistic approach and a multi-sector collaborating (community-government-university) platform. This case demonstrates a practical, effective framework for government authorities, policymakers and other stakeholders in terms of maintaining the integrity of ecosystems. With the final outcome of promoting a vision of co-prosperity, it is a solid example showing a win-win strategy for both the human population and the farmland ecosystem in a hilly landscape.
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Jacob, Benjamin G., and Peace Habomugisha. "Location Intelligence Powered by Machine Learning Automation for Mapping Malaria Mosquito Habitats Employing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Implementing “Seek and Destroy” for Commercial Roadside Ditch Foci and Real Time Larviciding Rock Pit Quarry Habitats in Peri-Domestic Agro-Pastureland Ecosystems in Northern Uganda." In Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications, 133–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71998-2_8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Domestic habitat"
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Hüseynəli oğlu Rzayev, Fuad, and Eldar Köçəri oğlu Qasımov. "A systematic review of the parasites (Acanthocephala) of the domestic waterfowl." In I İNTERNATİONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON "FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL SCIENCE". http://aem.az/, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/2021/1/1.
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The article presents the information about a systematic review of parasitic worms – acanthocephalans of the domestic waterfowl. Based on our own and literature data, 12 acanthocephala species belonging to the 1 order, 1 family and 5 genera were identified in domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos dom.) and geese (Anser anser dom.). Three species of worms are found in domestic waterfowl in Azerbaijan. The acanthocephala Polymorphus magnus have been reported for the first time in Azerbaijan – Khachmaz region in both birds. Six species of acanthocephals parasitize only in anseriformes, and the remaining six species parasitize including other orders of birds (Ciconiiformes, Gruiformes, Galliformes, Podicipediformes, Gaviiformes, Falconiformes, Charadriiformes et al.) and even mammals (Rodentia, Carnivora). Of the registered acanthocephals, 3 species have a small area of distribution, and the remaining 9 species have a wide area. Each species is provided with the following data: scientific name, authority and year, synonyms, final, intermediate and auxiliary hosts, habitat in the bird body, collecting localities and geographic distribution, prevalence (PI) and intensity (II) of infection, literature sources. Keywords: geese, duck, acanthocephala, systematic review, area, hosts
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Hüseynəli oğlu Rzayev, Fuad. "EV SU QUŞLARINDA PARAZİTLİK EDƏN TİKANBAŞLILARIN (ACANTHOCEPHALA) SİSTEMATİK İCMALI." In I İNTERNATİONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON "FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL SCIENCE". https://aem.az/, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/2021/01/01/4-13.
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Açar sözlər: qaz, ördək, tikanbaşlılar, sistematik icmal, areal, sahiblər A systematic review of the parasites (Acanthocephala) of the domestic waterfowl Summary The article presents the information about a systematic review of parasitic worms – acanthocephalans of the domestic waterfowl. Based on our own and literature data, 12 acanthocephala species belonging to the 1 order, 1 family and 5 genera were identified in domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos dom.) and geese (Anser anser dom.). Three species of worms are found in domestic waterfowl in Azerbaijan. The acanthocephala Polymorphus magnus have been reported for the first time in Azerbaijan – Khachmaz region in both birds. Six species of acanthocephals parasitize only in anseriformes, and the remaining six species parasitize including other orders of birds (Ciconiiformes, Gruiformes, Galliformes, Podicipediformes, Gaviiformes, Falconiformes, Charadriiformes et al.) and even mammals (Rodentia, Carnivora). Of the registered acanthocephals, 3 species have a small area of distribution, and the remaining 9 species have a wide area. Each species is provided with the following data: scientific name, authority and year, synonyms, final, intermediate and auxiliary hosts, habitat in the bird body, collecting localities and geographic distribution, prevalence (PI) and intensity (II) of infection, literature sources. Keywords: geese, duck, acanthocephala, systematic review, area, hosts
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Semak, A. N., E. G. Busko, and V. A. Stelmakh. "MEDICAL-ECOLOGICAL AND CYTOGENETIC ASSESSMENT OF INDICATORS OF THE SKIN OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS OF THE CANINE FAMILY (CANIDAE) AND FELIDS (FELIDAE) OF CENTRAL BELARUS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-2-107-110.
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The study of the genesis of domestic animals in zoogeographic, phylogenetic and cytogenetic aspects allowed us to identify patterns of occurrence and development of various diseases and to predict their dynamics in connection with changes in the complex conditions of their habitat. It was found that among the examined group of dogs in 80,3% of cases were benign neoplasms, in 19,7% of cases the possibility of the occurrence and development of malignant neoplasms was diagnosed. Malignant neoplasms of the skin among the examined cats are detected more often and make up 63,0%, benign - 37,0%, respectively.
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Lidón de Miguel, María, Camilla Mileto, Fernando Vegas, and Alicia Hueto Escobar. "Inhabiting and Building la cour: Introduction to the Study of Mossi Verna-cular Architecture from a Gender Perspective." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14851.
Full textAbstract:
The study of vernacular architecture allows to know a culture through its domestic constructions. It also permits learning from its values to apply them in new architecture. In order to achieve both objectives, it seems pertinent to gain an in-depth knowledge of the reality, something which involves questioning what this traditional habitat means for each member of the community. Gender, as a category of analysis, is applied in a research on the vernacular architecture of the Mossi culture and its transformation, as an initial approach to the study of the role which women have played in relation to this traditional habitat. This analysis was based on a literature review which was subsequently contrasted with data collected during two stays in the village of Baasneere (Burkina Faso) in 2018. The study, which considers the role women have played in the configuration, construction and use of dwellings, shows two opposing aspects of the house: its essence as a setting for tradition-based power relations and a flexible nature capable of easily accommodating change. Finally, the research raises the possibility of investigating how women's relationship with inhabiting and building the house varies with the modernisation of architecture.
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Mayeed, Mohammed S., and Adeel Khalid. "Optimization of the Wind Turbine Designs for Areas With Low Wind Speeds." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49052.
Full textAbstract:
Wind energy has been identified as an important source of renewable energy. In this study, several wind turbine designs have been analyzed and optimized designs have been proposed for low wind speed areas around the world mainly for domestic energy consumption. The wind speed range of 4–12 mph is considered, which is selected based on the average wind speeds in the Atlanta, GA and surrounding areas. These areas have relatively low average wind speeds compared to various other parts of the United States. Traditionally wind energy utilization is limited to areas with higher wind speeds. In reality a lot of areas in the world have low average wind speeds and demand high energy consumption. In most cases, wind turbines are installed in remote offshore or away from habitat high wind locations, causing heavy investment in installation and maintenance, and loss of energy transfer over long distance. A few more advantages of small scale wind turbines include reduced visibility, less noise and reduced detrimental environmental effects such as killing of birds, when compared to traditional large turbines. With the latest development in wind turbine technology it is now possible to employ small scale wind turbines that have much smaller foot print and can generate enough energy for small businesses or residential applications. The low speed wind turbines are typically located near residential areas, and are much smaller in sizes compared to the large out of habitat wind turbines. In this study, several designs of vertical and horizontal axes wind turbines are modeled using SolidWorks e.g. no-airfoil theme, airfoil blade, Savonius rotor etc. Virtual aerodynamic analysis is performed using SolidWorks Flow simulation software, and then optimization of the designs is performed based on maximizing the starting rotational torque and ultimate power generation capacity. From flow simulations, forces on the wind turbine blades and structures are calculated, and used in subsequent stress analysis to confirm structural integrity. Critical insight into low wind speed turbines is obtained using various configurations, and optimized designs have been proposed. The study will help in the practical and effective utilization of wind energy for the areas around the globe having low average wind speeds.
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Mayeed, Mohammed S., and Adeel Khalid. "Designing Wind Turbines for Areas With Low Wind Speeds." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21143.
Full textAbstract:
Today’s wind turbines are designed in a wide range of vertical and horizontal axis types. In this study, several wind turbines are designed for low wind speed areas around the world mainly for domestic energy consumption. The wind speed range of 4–12 mph is considered, which is selected based on the average wind speeds in the Atlanta, GA and surrounding areas. These areas have relatively low average wind speeds compared to various other parts of the United States. Wind energy has been identified as an important source of renewable energy. Traditionally wind energy utilization is limited to areas with higher wind speeds. In reality a lot of areas in the world including Atlanta, GA., have low average wind speeds and demand high energy consumption. In most cases, wind turbines are installed in remote offshore or away from habitat locations, causing heavy investment in installation and maintenance, and loss of energy transfer over long distances. Therefore, the main focus of this study is to extract wind energy domestically at low wind speeds. A few more advantages of small scale wind turbines include reduced visibility, less noise and reduced detrimental environmental effects such as killing of birds, when compared to traditional large turbines. With the latest development in wind turbine technology it is now possible to employ small scale wind turbines that have much smaller foot print and can generate enough energy for small businesses or residential applications. The low speed wind turbines are typically located near residential areas, and are much smaller in sizes compared to the large out of habitat wind turbines. In this study, several designs of wind turbines are modeled using SolidWorks. Virtual aerodynamic analysis is performed using SolidWorks Flow simulation software, and then optimization of the designs is performed based on maximizing the starting rotational torque and acceleration. From flow simulations, forces on the wind turbine blades and structures are calculated, and used in subsequent stress analysis to confirm structural integrity. Critical insight into the low wind speed turbine design is obtained using various configurations and the results are discussed. The study will help identify bottlenecks in the practical and effective utilization of low speed wind energy, and help devise possible remedial plans for the areas around the globe that get low average wind speeds.
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Nkosi, C. Ncobile, J. Stuart Piketh, P. Roelof Burger, and Annergan J. Harrold. "Variability of domestic burning habits in the South African Highveld: A case study in the KwaDela Township (April 2017)." In 2017 International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy (DUE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/due.2017.7931820.
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Ferreri, Eric, Jean-Marc Salotti, and Pierre-Alexandre Favier. "Simulation of Habits and Planned Activities Related to Electrical Domestic Consumption." In 2015 17th UKSim-AMSS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation (UKSim). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uksim.2015.102.
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Ibrahimova, R. Sh. "The effects of anthropogenic factors on the formation of helminth fauna of domestic carnivores in the territory of Azerbaijan." In General question of world science. Наука России, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-03-2021-13.
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As a result of long-term studies, it has been identified that the effects of anthropogenic factors on the formation of helminth fauna of domestic carnivores are reflected in a number of changes. Thus, primarily due to the change in habit of animal, the quantitative and qualitative changes have happened in the helminth fauna: new species of helminths which assume epizootic and epidemiological significance has been found and this has significantly enriched the species composition of the helminth fauna. Due to the influence of anthropogenic factors, the mixed parasitic focuses have formed and 14 species of helminths have included in helminth fauna. The domestic carnivores infected with pathogenic helminths from this focus infect human beings, domestic and ruminating animals from sinantropic focus. Thus, due to impact of the anthropogenic factors, the helminth fauna of animals has changed and has acquired its modern helminthological status.
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Pérez García, Diego, and Ignacio Loyola Lizama. "La casa que habito." In Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura (JIDA). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/jida.2022.11553.
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This text summarizes the methodology used and some considerations derived from the experience of Taller de Arquitectura I (Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción) in order to reflect about this inevitable intersection between canonical architecture and anonymous work always present in the domestic project. Usually, when we study the house, the review of author’s architecture is opposed to the experiences of the buildings, mostly anonymous, that we inhabit. Space, site, and program are the teaching contents on which the student reflects, following Kahn’s logic, understanding the room as the basic unit of all architecture. The result is a collection of singular architectures, where each student, through the addition of rooms, with order, meaning and coherence, react over his/her own decisions. Thus, the professors conduct the design process towards a variety of results which the student is capable of understanding and, therefore, explain. El presente texto resume la metodología empleada y algunas consideraciones derivadas de la experiencia del Taller de Arquitectura I (Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción) con el fin de reflexionar acerca de este inevitable cruce entre la arquitectura canónica y la obra anónima presente siempre en el proyecto doméstico. Generalmente, cuando estudiamos la casa, la revisión de arquitectura de autor se contrapone a la experiencia de las construcciones, mayoritariamente anónimas, que habitamos. Espacio, lugar y programa son los contenidos docentes sobre los cuales el estudiante reflexiona, siguiendo la lógica de Kahn, entendiendo la habitación como unidad básica de toda arquitectura. El resultado es una colección de arquitecturas singulares, donde cada estudiante, a través de la adición de habitaciones con orden, sentido y coherencia, reacciona a sus propias decisiones. Así, el profesorado conduce la didáctica proyectual hacia unos resultados variados que el alumno es capaz de comprender y, por tanto, explicar.
Reports on the topic "Domestic habitat"
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Huijser, M. P., Robert J. Ament, M. Bell, A. P. Clevenger, E. R. Fairbank, K. E. Gunson, and T. McGuire. Animal Vehicle Collision Reduction and Habitat Connectivity Pooled Fund Study – Literature Review. Nevada Department of Transportation, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2021.12.
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This report contains a summary of past research and new knowledge about the effectiveness of mitigation measures aimed at reducing animal-vehicle collisions and at providing safe crossing opportunities for wildlife. The measures are aimed at terrestrial large bodied wild mammal species, free roaming large livestock species (e.g. cattle, horses), free roaming large feral species (e.g. “wild” horses and burros), and small animal species (amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals). While mitigation is common, it is best to follow a three-step approach: avoidance, mitigation, and compensation or “off-site” mitigation. If reducing collisions with large wild mammals is the only objective, the most effective measures include roadside animal detection systems, wildlife culling, wildlife relocation, anti-fertility treatments, wildlife barriers (fences),and wildlife fences in combination with wildlife crossing structures. If the objectives also include maintaining or improving connectivity for large wild mammals, then wildlife barriers (fences) in combination with wildlife crossing structures are most effective. Measures for large domestic mammal species are largely similar, though for free roaming livestock there are legal, moral and ethical issues. For small animal species, temporary or permanent road closure and road removal are sometimes implemented, but barriers in combination with crossing structures are the most common.
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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André, and Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.
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We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.
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Cairo, Jessica, Iulia Gherman, and Paul Cook. The effects of consumer freezing of food on its use-by date. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ret874.
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The current Food Standards Agency consumer guidance states that consumers can freeze pre-packed food right up to the “use-by” date and, once food has been defrosted, it should be consumed within 24 hours. This strategic review has collated relevant data to determine whether there is an increased risk in relation to freezing ready-to-eat and non-ready-to-eat foods on the use-by date compared to the day before the use-by date. The review has focused on how the shelf-life of a food is determined and the effects of freezing, thawing and refrigeration on foodborne pathogens, including Bacillus spp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. In the UK, food business operators are responsible for setting the safe shelf-life of a food which, in practice, should take into consideration the consumer habits, as well as the factors affecting shelf-life, such as food product characteristics, food processing techniques, transport, retail and domestic food storage temperatures, and type of packaging. Some countries, such as Ireland, New Zealand and Canada specifically recommend including safety margins within shelf lives. This is used to maintain brand integrity because it ensures that the food is consumed in its optimum condition. The FSA has collaborated with other organisations in the production of several guidance documents; however, there is no explicit requirement for the consideration of a margin of safety when setting shelf-life. There is also no legal requirement in the UK to consider a safety margin when setting shelf-life. According to regulations, pathogens should not be present in sufficient levels to cause foodborne illness on the use-by date, as food should still be safe to eat on that day. Given that these requirements are met, the risk assessed in this report arises from the processes of freezing, thawing and subsequent refrigerated storage for a further 24 hours, and the potential for these to increase pathogen levels. In this review, it was found that there is a risk of additional growth of certain pathogens during the refrigerated storage period although the impact of freezing and thawing on the extent of this growth was not readily evident. This risk would relate specifically to ready-to-eat foods as cooking of non-ready-to-eat foods after defrosting would eliminate pathogens. This report explores the potential issues related to consumer freezing on the use-by date and identifies additional information or research required to understand the risks involved. Overall, there is little evidence to suggest a significant change in risk between consumers freezing ready-to-eat food on the use-by date compared to freezing the food on the day before the use-by date. Specific areas that merit further research include the risks due to low temperature survival and growth of L. monocytogenes. There is also a lack of research on the effects of freezing, defrosting and refrigeration on the growth and toxin production of non-proteolytic C. botulinum, and the growth of Salmonella during domestic freezing and thawing. Finally, more information on how food business operators set shelf-life would enable a better understanding of the process and the extent of the safety margin when determining shelf-life of ready-to-eat and non-ready-to-eat foods.
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Ecology of native ungulates in the Jackson Valley: Habitat selection, interactions with domestic livestock, and effects of herbivory on grassland and willow communities. US Geological Survey, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/96215.
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