Academic literature on the topic 'Domestic film trade'
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Journal articles on the topic "Domestic film trade"
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Choi, Yong-Jae, Chung-ki Min, and Chanyul Park. "Effects of Trade Barriers and Cultural Distance on the Domestic Market Share in the Film Industry." World Trade Review 19, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745619000077.
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AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the effects of trade barriers and cultural distance on the domestic market share in the film industry. We analyze panel data with both two-stage least squares and instrumental-variable methods. These methods can separate the effects of time-invariant measures of trade barriers and cultural difference from country-specific effects. This improvement in the estimation method and the use of a more appropriate measure of trade barriers in the film industry enable us to produce empirical results that are consistent with theoretical arguments. Based on the panel data collected from 30 countries for the period 2001–2013, the empirical results herein indicate that the cultural distance, as well as market size, is an important factor for the domestic market share. Trade barriers are also shown to be a significant factor, but the magnitude of their impact on the domestic market share is much smaller than that of the market size.
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CHOI, YONG-JAE, CHUNG-KI MIN, and CHANYUL PARK. "Effects of trade barriers and cultural distance on the domestic market share in the film industry – ERRATUM." World Trade Review 18, no. 4 (September 11, 2019): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745619000272.
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Corbett, Susan. "Immaterial cultural property and the private owner: how copyright and trade law might address access and preservation." Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 9, no. 3 (July 2019): 262–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2019.03.02.
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Private owners of culturally significant works are legally entitled to refuse to permit third parties, including cultural heritage institutions (CHIs), to access those works. This situation is particularly problematic for CHIs when the cultural works at issue are immaterial works that are supported on unstable physical platforms, such as cellulose acetate film, cellulose tapes or early computer software. Ideally, these cultural works should undergo urgent digital preservation processes in order to preserve and protect the public interest in accessing its cultural heritage. If property is culturally important, a private owner's ability to withhold it from third party access may conflict with the human right to participate in cultural life, as affirmed in international human rights law. Noting however that human rights law also provides that ‘no-one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property’, a balance between the property rights of the owner and the public interest in culture is essential. This article proposes amendments to copyright law and domestic trade law as possible ways to provide this balance. This article focuses on New Zealand law and its earliest immaterial cultural works, but the arguments could be extended to other cultural works and to other jurisdictions.
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Agustina, Fitri, Nachnul Ansori, and Tegar Pradana F.A. "PEMETAAN INDUSTRI KREATIF DAN PENENTUAN KOMPETENSI INTI BANGKALAN." Jurnal Teknik Industri 14, no. 2 (June 27, 2014): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol14.no2.131-138.
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Fitri Agustina, Nachnul Ansori, dan Tegar Pradana F.AProgaram Studi Teknik Industri, Universitas Trunojoyo MaduraJl. Raya Telang Po Box 2 Kamal, Bangkalan Madura 69162, IndonesiaE-mail: fitri_agoesti@yahoo.co.id, nachnul@gmail.comABSTRAKPenentuan kompetensi inti industri kreatif yang bercirikan pemanfaatan kreatifitas, ketrampilan serta bakat individu merupakan proses pemilihan yang sangat krusial. Hal ini dikarenakan output dari industri kreatif berupa produk ataupun pemanfaatan daya kreasi dan daya cipta individu yang semakin variatif dan berkembang. Untuk bisa melakukan penentuan kompetensi inti maka dilakukan pemetaan industri kreatif terlebih dahulu. Kajian dalam penelitian ini berupa pemetaan industri kreatif beserta penentuan kompetensi inti industri kreatif Kabupaten Bangkalan berdasarkan multi-kriteria pada variabel produk domestik bruto (PDB), jumlah ketenagakerjaan, perdagangan internasional dan jumlah perusahaan. Metode yang digunakan berupa integrasi Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan metode perankingan Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE). Hasil yang didapatkan dari pemetaan industri kreatif di Bangkalan terdiri dari subsektor pasar seni dan barang antik, kerajinan, desain fesyen, video/film dan fotografi serta penerbitan dan percetakan. Sedangkan subsektor kerajinan dipilih sebagai kompetensi inti yang diunggulkan.Kata kunci: industri kreatif, kompetensi inti daerah, MCDM, AHP, PROMETHEEABSTRACTDetermining core competence for creative industry which is characterized by utilizing creativity, skill and individual talent is the crucial selection process. It is because the output of creative industry as well as products and utilization of creativity are rapidly developed. This research discusses about mapping creative industry and determining core competence for creative industry in Bangkalan district based on the variable of gross domestic product, number of worker, international trade and number of firm. The method adopted for core competence determination is an integrated Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE). The result of mapping creative industry shows that art, craft, design, video or film and publishing are included in it. Meanwhile craft subsector is determined as a core competence that is focused in Bangkalan district.Keywords: creative industry, core competence, MCDM, AHP, PROMETHEE
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Fattore, Christina. "Domestic legal traditions and the dispute settlement body." Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 13, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-10-2013-0029.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to focus on the influence of domestic legal traditions on dispute behavior, which has been widely examined in the conflict literature, within the World Trade Organization (WTO). States with a civil legal tradition hold treaties and agreements in high esteem. Therefore, they will be more likely to file trade complaints and pursue adjudication when compared to states with common or mixed legal traditions. Design/methodology/approach – The hypotheses in this study have been tested using a quantitative test with data from the WTO regarding trade disputes. Findings – While civil law states are more likely to file complaints, they are less likely to pursue adjudication over a negotiated settlement. Originality/value – This study brings to light how domestic legal systems affect state behavior within an international legal body.
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King, Michael. "Policing the illicit trade of tobacco in Australia." Journal of Financial Crime 26, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-12-2017-0121.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify factors that have led to the rebirthing of the illicit cultivation of tobacco in Australia known as chop-chop. Limited research has been conducted on the Commonwealth policing of tobacco-related criminal activity, but no prior studies have investigated domestic cultivation since the tobacco farming ceased legal production. Design/methodology/approach To fill the void of the literature, this study used data collected from Australian Government publications, court cases and newspapers to develop an understanding of the financial aspects and policing of the rebirth of chop-chop. Newspaper articles for a range of publications for a two-year period were used to examine policing efforts to disrupt criminals engaged in domestic cultivation of tobacco. Findings As tobacco was first legally grown in Australia, authorities have always faced the problems associated with the illicit cultivation of tobacco. Findings indicate that as a result of the increased number of successful interception of illicit tobacco at the border, the domestic cultivation of chop-chop is growing as criminal enterprises find alternative means to fund their activities. Originality/value The paper improves upon a neglected topic by offering a current contribution to a topic looking at the illicit tobacco, chop-chop trade.
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Sibanda, Omphemetse S. "Dumping The Competition, And Scarring Off Investors: The Impact And Influence Of The South African Anti-Dumping And Competition Measures On Foreign Direct Investment." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, no. 4 (July 14, 2015): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i4.9356.
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Since the dawn of democracy South Africa has embarked in a process of dismantling protectionist business and trade policies, and made the countrys stream of commerce one of the preferred globally. The countrys sound competition and trade policies, natural resource endowments, market size and regional influence, attracted foreign businesss and foreign direct invetsment (FDI). Equally the country has been under pressure to protect the domestic industries from injurious competition and business, through sector specific laws, anti-dumping and countervailing duties laws, investment and competition regime. The concern has been the likilelihood of the introduction of trade and competition barriers, and the allienation of FDI. This paper critically examines the impact the countrys antidumping and competition law and practice upon foreign direct investment. Domestic industries have never been shy file anti-dumping and anti-competition suits against foreign companies, sometimes even against the public interest outcry. Relevant examples of these suits include the famous Wal-Mart anti-competition case, and recently the Brazilian frozen fowl meat anti-dumping case.
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Perez, Brittani N., John R. Buchanan, Jennifer M. DeBruyn, Kelly Cobaugh, and William E. Hart. "Removal of Ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Triclosan from Domestic Wastewater Using Recirculating Packed-Bed Media Filters." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 5 (2017): 1593–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12176.
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Abstract. Trace organic compounds from pharmaceutical and personal care products are often not fully removed during wastewater treatment, resulting in discharge of these emerging pollutants to surface and groundwater. Fate and transformation of trace organics has primarily been investigated in larger activated sludge wastewater treatment facilities; almost no research has been done on passively aerated fixed-bed bio-filters that are used in decentralized facilities that serve smaller communities. Four laboratory-scale, packed-bed, recirculating-media filter systems were constructed to evaluate the removal of ibuprofen, naproxen, and triclosan. The media (or packed bed) provided support for the development of the fixed film and the needed porosity for air and water movement. Effluent from a local residential septic tank effluent gravity (STEG) system was used as the wastewater supply. This supply had greater than 100 ppb concentrations of ibuprofen, naproxen, and triclosan. Three of the media filters were spiked (nominal 0.1 ppm) with ibuprofen, naproxen, or triclosan to better represent the wastewater from a rural healthcare facility; the fourth media filter received wastewater as produced by the STEG system and served as a non-spiked control. Overall, the mean removal of ibuprofen, naproxen, and triclosan from the wastewater solution was 94%, 84%, and 83%, respectively. At the end of the study, samples of the fixed film were analyzed to discern whether removal was by sorption or biodegradation. It was determined that sorption of the three trace organic compounds into the biofilm accounted for only 0.12% of the ibuprofen, 0.20% of the naproxen, and 1.41% of the triclosan. These results indicate that biodegradation is the primary removal mechanism for these compounds. Keywords: Ibuprofen, Microbial degradation, Naproxen, PPCPs, Recirculating media filters, Triclosan.
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Schirm, Stefan A. "Refining domestic politics theories of IPE: A societal approach to governmental preferences." Politics 40, no. 4 (January 23, 2020): 396–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263395719896980.
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Domestic politics theories of international political economy and the recent disruptions in international cooperation and trade apparently induced by domestic discontent have shown the crucial role domestic forces play in influencing governmental preferences. This article contributes to this theoretical school, first, by assessing seminal works on the ideational, material, and institutional dimensions of domestic politics, and second, by conceptualising the ‘societal approach’ to fill a major gap in domestic politics theorising. The societal approach asks under which conditions value-based societal ideas, domestic institutions, and material interests matter in shaping governmental preferences. When do ideas prevail over interests and vice versa? How do they interact with each other and with domestic institutions? The societal approach includes all three domestic variables as potential driving forces for governmental preferences and conceives them both as individual and as interacting forces. Most importantly, it complements domestic politics theories by proposing hypotheses on the conditions for the influence of each variable on governmental preferences. The article brings together previously conceived parts of the societal approach and considerably expands it.
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ECKHARDT, JAPPE, and DIRK DE BIÈVRE. "Boomerangs over Lac Léman: Transnational Lobbying and Foreign Venue Shopping in WTO Dispute Settlement." World Trade Review 14, no. 3 (January 16, 2015): 507–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745614000500.
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AbstractIn this article, we explore the conditions under which firms engage in transnational lobbying and foreign venue shopping in the framework of WTO dispute settlement. Classical World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement cases mostly originate in domestic firms instigating their public authorities to bring a complaint against foreign trade barriers incompatible with WTO law. In recent years, however, we have witnessed the rise of WTO cases in which firms get a foreign government to file a case against its own authorities. By analysing transnational lobbying by EU firms in the WTO footwear case filed by China against the EU, and by US firms in the WTO gambling case Antigua brought against the US, we highlight the increasing resemblance between trade disputes and investment disputes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Domestic film trade"
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Hope, Cathy, and n/a. "A History of the Sydney and Melbourne Film Festivals, 1945-1972: negotiating between culture and industry." University of Canberra. Creative Communication, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050630.130907.
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This thesis is a history of the Sydney and Melbourne International Film Festivals, and covers the years from 1945 to 1972. Based primarily on archival material, it is an organisational history dealing with the attempts by the two Film Festivals to negotiate between the demands of �culture� and �industry� throughout this period. The thesis begins with a consideration of the origins of the Festivals in the post-war period �with the attempts by non-Hollywood producers to break into the cinema market, the collapse of the �mass audience�, and the growth of the film society movement in Australia. The thesis then examines the establishment in the early 1950s of the Sydney and Melbourne Festivals as small, amateur events, run by and for film enthusiasts. It then traces the Festivals� historical development until 1972, by which time both Festivals had achieved an important status as social and cultural organisations within Australia. The main themes dealt with throughout this period of development include the Festivals� difficult negotiations with both the international and domestic film trade, their ongoing internal debates over their role and purpose as cultural organisations, their responses to the appearance of other international film festivals in Australia, their relation to the Australian film industry, and their fight to liberalise Australia�s film censorship regulations.
Books on the topic "Domestic film trade"
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U.S.-Russia economic relationship: Implications of the Yukos affair : hearing before the Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy, Trade, and Technology of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, October 17, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.
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Guarneri, Michael. Vampires in Italian Cinema, 1956-1975. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474458115.001.0001.
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The book takes as its subject a corpus of thirty-three vampire movies made, distributed and exhibited during the peak years of film production in Italy, and certified to be of Italian nationality by state institutions such as the Italian Show Business Bureau and the Italian Film Censorship Office. Positioning itself at the intersection of Italian film history, horror studies and cultural studies, the book asks: why, and how, is the protean, transnational and transmedial figure of the vampire appropriated by Italian cinema practitioners between 1956 and 1975? Or, more concisely, what do the vampires of post-war Italian cinema mean? The aim is to show that – in spite of Italian vampire cinema’s imported and derivative nature, and its great reliance on profits coming from distribution on the international market – Italian cinematic vampires reflect their national zeitgeist from the economic miracle of the late 1950s to the mid-1970s austerity, twenty years of large political and socio-economic change in which gender politics were also in relative flux. The result of an original research into film production data, film censorship files, screenplays, trade papers, film magazines and vampire-themed paraliterature, the book leaves the well-trod track of award-winning art films to shed light on some of the so-called ‘lower forms’ of cinematic culture, looking for the economic backbone and cultural instrumentality of post-war Italian cinema in the run-of-the-mill genre movies rushed through a cheap production and into domestic and international distribution to parasitically (vampirically?) exploit a given commercially successful film.
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Gerzina, Gretchen H., ed. Britain's Black Past. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621600.001.0001.
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The presence and history of black people in Britain, going back centuries, has been obscured, forgotten and misunderstood. This book, which expands upon the Radio 4 series of the same name, uses new archival discoveries and fresh scholarly interpretations to recover the stories of some of the black individuals, groups and communities whose lives in England were shaped and restricted by slavery and racism during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In eighteen chapters by different contributors, readers encounter black figures from the past who span the social and economic spectrum from domestic servants, actors, and mariners to those who enjoyed wealth, privilege and, in rare cases, power. In addition to investigating how black people of this era navigated the complex dynamics of white households and larger white British society, connections—economic and personal—to colonial slavery and the slave trade in America and the Caribbean are threaded throughout the book. In addition to scholarly work, many chapters examine how the lives of some of these black figures are being newly explored and interpreted in non-academic mediums such as television, film, fiction, art, and performance. Current events—including the Grenfell Towers fire and the Windrush immigration scandal—underscore the importance of recognizing Britain’s multiracial past and this book urges continued study of a historical black presence to better understand the past and affirm an expanded notion of Britishness.
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Helmut, Lübke, Zuber Anne, Willenbrock Harald, and Albert Sigrun, eds. Home is where the heart is: Warum wir wohnen, wie wir wohnen ; eine Hommage zum 50-jährigen Jubiläum von COR = Why we live the way we live : an homage on the occasion of COR's 50th anniversary. [Ludwigsburg: Avedition, 2004.
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Gebert, Alfred, Sigrun Albert, Till Briegleb, Thomas Dullo, Heinz Rudolf Kunze, Gudrun Landgrebe, Gerhard Meir, et al. Home is Where the Heart is. Birkhauser, 2004.
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Anne, Zuber, Willenbrock Harald, Albert Sigrun, and COR Sitzmöbel Helmut Lübke Gmbh & Co KG., eds. Home is where the heart is: Warum wir wohnen, wie wir wohnen : eine hommage zum 50-jährigen Jubiläum von COR = why we live the way we live = an homage on the occasion of COR's 50th anniversary. Rheda-Wiedenbrück: COR, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Domestic film trade"
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Hollyfield, Jerod Ra'Del. "‘He Is Not Here by Accident’: Transit, Sin and the Model Settler in Patrick Lussier’s Dracula 2000." In Framing Empire, 39–55. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429948.003.0003.
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This chapter examines Dracula 2000 as both a resistant text of settler colonial identity and an example of Hollywood’s influence on the Canadian film industry. Seen by Miramax cofounder Bob Weinstein as a potential franchise successor to the recently completed Scream trilogy, the film reunited much of that earlier franchise’s creative team with horror legend Wes Craven assuming the role of producer and passing directorial reigns to longtime Dimension editor and Canadian filmmaker Patrick Lussier. Focusing on a Dracula who is revealed to be an undead Judas Iscariot and a Van Helsing sustained through the 20th Century by injections of Dracula’s blood, the film engages with a poststructuralist cycle of the settler/subject/colonial dynamic. Likewise, the film’s relocation from the imperial centre of London to New Orleans not only positions America as a contemporary imperial power but also harkens back to the port city’s legacy as a hub for slavery and global trade during Stoker’s time. Shot primarily on Canadian sound stages that doubled for London and New Orleans, Dracula 2000 also embodies contemporary production politics in which Hollywood’s relationship to settler nations such as Canada provides economic support for national cinemas while still dominating domestic box office.
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Erish, Andrew A. "1909–1913." In Vitagraph, 58–110. University Press of Kentucky, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813181196.003.0004.
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Chapter Three charts Vitagraph's ascendency in becoming the world's leader in motion picture production, during which time the company earned one million dollars in annual net profit. This was derived exclusively from foreign earnings due to the mismanagement of the Patents Company's domestic distribution arm. Part of Vitagraph's popularity is attributed to the crediting and promotion of its actors via the creation of the first trade and fan magazines devoted exclusively to the movies. There are in-depth profiles of such leading players "Vitagraph Girl" Florence Turner, matinee idol Maurice Costello, and comedian John Bunny, who was widely regarded as the most recognizable man in the world. The significance of Vitagraph's Los Angeles studio in the production of popular Westerns is considered. The chapter also includes an analysis of the company's development of a sophisticated cinematography aesthetic to complement particular narratives, an approach that later came to be labeled "film noir".
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Davis, Christina L. "Introduction." In Why Adjudicate? Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691152752.003.0001.
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This book examines why democratic institutions for accountability encourage use of adjudication to resolve trade disputes. It argues that governments file a formal legal complaint for World Trade Organization (WTO) adjudication as a costly signal to domestic and foreign audiences of the government's support for exporter interests that have been harmed by foreign protectionism. On the defendant side too, allowing oneself to be dragged into court signals support for importer interests that benefit from the trade barrier. The book develops a theory about domestic constraints to explain why democratic states are more likely to file legal complaints against trade barriers and select their cases based on the political influence of the affected industry. It explores the conditions under which states choose legal venues for dispute settlement, and how the legal context changes the outcome. This introductory chapter provides an overview of international trade law enforcement.
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Erkut, Burak. "Exporting Without Direct Access to International Markets." In Impact of Global Issues on International Trade, 106–23. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8314-2.ch006.
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In the literature on exports, the question of why some firms decide to export and why others decide to focus on the domestic market has only received fragmented and different answers. The only overemphasized factor, productivity, seems to be a dead end when empirical evidence is given for high productivity firms which decide to remain in the domestic market. This is mainly due to the ignorance of the role of the firm in international trade by the majority of the literature. In this empirical research, the aim of the author is to test the impact of legal, institutional, and financial conditions on the firm decision to export based on the Enterprise Survey by the World Bank for the Turkish Cypriot people, which remained out of the international community for 57 years, where Turkey emerged as its access point to international markets. Hence, the study contributes to the existing literature on export development by highlighting the obstacles in front of the export decisions of firms and addressing a hitherto not addressed case in international economics.
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Patibandla, Murali. "Empirical Analysis of International Trade and Investment Behaviour of Firms." In International Trade and Investment Behaviour of Firms, 80–122. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190126865.003.0004.
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This Chapter develops econometric modelling to test for relationships between firm size and exports under theoretical factors of technology, organization, and economies of scale. We measured different and relevant variables. We specified the equations based on a carefully formulated hypothesis taking into account non-linearity in relationships between dependent and independent variables. It econometrically tested for the relationship between firm size and international trade behaviour from different dimensions. Large firms with domestic market power and better access to imports were less export oriented than medium and small-scale firms. Small firms in general adopted labour-intensive production practices in tune with comparative advantage. Small firms that faced inefficient subcontract relations and those that reached a critical technological size went in for export markets with efficient payments arrangements. Consequently, about 50 per cent of India’s exports were accounted for by small and medium scale firms.
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Arkolakis, Costas, Aristos Doxiadis, and Galenianos Manolis. "The Challenge of Trade Adjustment in Greece." In Beyond Austerity. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035835.003.0003.
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Greece's trade deficit declined by 10 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) between 2007 and 2012, removing one of the great economic imbalances of the pre-crisis years. However, this reduction was achieved exclusively through import compression while exports fell over that period, thereby worsening the economic crisis. This chapter studies Greece's export underperformance in comparison to Ireland, Portugal and Spain as well as Greece's own pre-crisis experience. The main findings are that (1) given past performance, Greece's exports should have increased by 25 percent, rather than drop by 5 percent between 2007 and 2012; (2) labor markets have adjusted to the new economic environment; (3) product markets did not adjust, hindering the recovery of competitiveness; (4) export underperformance is responsible for a third of the decline in GDP since 2007. The chapter concludes that the business environment and firm size distribution in Greece are also hindering the necessary adjustment.
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Jackson, Gordon. "Chapter 12 Expanding Fleets and the New Fishing Grounds, 1919-1920." In The British Whaling Trade, 169–84. Liverpool University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973007398.003.0012.
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British whaling in the interwar period cannot be understood, or adequately described, in terms solely of national production or national consumption. The continuation of Anglo-Norwegian rivalry ensured the international nature of the industry, in which the desire to maximise profits under a system of very free competition led to most complicated investment decisions based on factors that were very largely beyond the control of the British firms, or indeed, of any firm. There had always been international competition in whaling, but never before had individual firms produced so much, or had so much capital at stake. The balancing of supply and demand in the producers' favour was by no means easy, and, as with other primary producers, whaler-owners were already moving dangerously close to over-production. At the same time the acceleration of technical change during the war ensured an international market for oil among soap and margarine producers, with the result that purely national needs had little effect on prices. Although British firms served their domestic market more than any other, the returns on their effort might be determined by marginal production in Norway or government purchasing policy in Germany. On the production side it will be necessary from time to time to set British whaling in the context of total whaling activity as recorded in the ...
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Patibandla, Murali. "Indian Multinational Firms." In International Trade and Investment Behaviour of Firms, 200–204. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190126865.003.0009.
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An important phenomena in recent years is the entry of emerging economy multinational firms on the global stage with important implications on the structure. These countries are China, South Korea, Brazil, Argentina, and India. In the Post-reforms era domestic market has become very competitive, driving Indian companies to acquire world class standards in technology and organization. A consequence of this is several large Indian firms investing oversea markets especially developed countries with both green field ventures and cross-border acquisitions. India’s endowment of largescale skilled manpower (human capital) provided comparative advantage both for exports and international investments. One of the underlying factors for Indian corporations (generally emerging economy multinational firms) investing in developed countries is to develop linkages with the world market in order to leverage strategic resources that in turn promote learning within the firm.
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Adelson, Robert. "Financial struggles." In Erard, 73–81. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197565315.003.0009.
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Establishing a piano manufacture in Paris required a substantial outlay of capital: for the vast properties on the rue du Mail, the machinery for making pianos and harps, the large quantities of raw materials, and the money to pay the 120 workers. The Erards relied heavily on credit to fund their commercial operations, confident that the quality of their instruments would bring in the income needed to pay their creditors. The French Revolution came at the worst possible time for their business. Foreign sales became impossible and domestic sales increasingly difficult; as a result, they had little income to offset their enormous investments. Faced with drastically reduced income, the firm still needed to pay their creditors and their workers, as well as maintain their properties. Moreover, the Erard empire was forcefully riven in two by the protracted state of war between the French Republic and Great Britain. The Treaty of Amiens gave the Erards a glimmer of hope. They quadrupled their stock of materials, rented new storerooms, enlarged their workshops and hired additional workers. The Erards’ enormous investments in their firm turned out to be a tragic miscalculation. Napoleon’s trade blockages exacerbated the Erards’ financial woes, and in February 1813 the Paris branch of the Erard firm officially declared bankruptcy.
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Young, John W., and John Kent. "27. Threats to the Existing Global Order: Instability in the West." In International Relations Since 1945, 670–86. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198807612.003.0027.
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This chapter examines significant challenges to the status quo in the West. President Obama’s domestic success was the extension of health care, while the fallout from the 2008 financial crisis resulted in heavy electoral losses for the Democrats in 2010. Nevertheless, he secured a second term in 2012 after some foreign policy successes, including arms reduction with Russia and the death of Osama bin Laden. Ultimately, Obama’s preference for diplomacy over force allowed Russia and Iran to fill the vacuum in Syria. Donald Trump became the oldest US president following the 2016 election. Controversially, he challenged conventional wisdom on climate change, free trade, and NATO, while sympathising with Brexit and Vladimir Putin. The aftermath of the 2008 crash, the failure of neo-liberalism, UK austerity, and Eurozone instability are examined in the second section. The chapter concludes with the reasons for the Brexit referendum, the result, and its consequences.