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Academic literature on the topic 'Domaines PDZ – Dissertation universitaire'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Domaines PDZ – Dissertation universitaire"
Jané, Palli Pau. "Quantification des affinités PBM/PDZ et de leurs sites modulateurs par des approches expérimentales et informatiques à haut débit." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAJ051.
Full textThis thesis focuses on PDZ domains, a family of globular domains that bind to conserved PDZ-Binding Motifs (called henceforth PBMs) generally situated at the extreme C-terminus of their partner proteins. Domain-motif networks are often modulated by reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs). We used synthetized PBMs to reproduce different conditions, such as a wild-type, acetylation or phosphorylation, addition of extra exosites or residue mimication of PTM in the literature. These peptides were used for interaction studies using the holdup assay, an assay originally developed in our laboratory. We evaluated the impact of diverse modifications of the PBM/PDZ interactions, which led to a global change of the PDZ-binding capability. These results provided quantitative information on the biological effects that such modifications may have in the context of full-length proteins
Neyraud, Vincent. "L'ubiquitination des GTPases Ral : Un nouveau mécanisme de régulation diu trafic intracellulaire de Ral et des micro-domaines menmbranaires lipidiques." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T085.
Full textDemouveaux, Bastien. "Modification des gels de mucus par la délivrance de molécules composées de domaines CYS." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S029.
Full textMucus is a gel conserved among vertebrates and invertebrates. Its major functions arethe protection and hydration of non-keratinized epithelia. Gel-forming mucins are multidomainproteins, which self-associate together to form linear and entangled polymers toform the mucus glycoprotein matrix. The well-characterized covalent interactions, but alsonon-covalent (reversible) links, are responsible for the viscoelastic character of mucus. Themucin CYS domain is found in mucus on the surface of all secretory human mucosae. Itis very well conserved in vertebrates and very hydrophobic. Thus, it is one of the bestcandidates for establishing reversible hydrophobic bonds.The aim of this work is to study the impact of CYS domain enrichment on propertiesof mucus gels. For this, a transgenic mouse model (Tg222) and a mucus-secretingcell line (HT29-MTX E12), constitutively secreting a recombinant molecule made of 12consecutive CYS domains (rCYSx12), were developed. The effect of endogenous deliveryof rCYSx12 on mucus gel permeability, cellular motility and rheological properties wasstudied (micro- and macro-scale). Cellular models secreting a molecule made up of CYSdomains (poly-CYS) have also been developed in order to consider the exogenous deliveryof this molecule, and to study its effect in a pathological context.Endogenous delivery of rCYSx12 into the mucus of the HT29-MTX E12 cell linedecreased the permeability of the mucus gel. The secretion of rCYSx12 was also associatedwith a decrease in bacterial motility (velocity and linearity of displacement) in the mucusof the cellular and mouse models. The rheological properties of the colonic mucus weredetermined at multi-scale levels. The delivery of rCYSx12 leads to a remodeling of the mucus protein matrix by reducing its mesh size. The production of a poly-CYS moleculewas developed in the yeast Pichia pastoris and in the human cell line HEK293. UnlikeP. pastoris, the HEK293 cell line produced and secreted the poly-CYS molecule withoutapparent modifications.The rCYSx12 is of great therapeutic interest for strengthening mucus gels in pathologicalcontexts such as ulcerative colitis or intrauterine infections. The development ofmodels stably secreting the poly-CYS molecule will make it possible to carry out exogenousdelivery tests, and thus to evaluate the therapeutic potential of this molecule
Sessa, Gaetana. "Role of the Interaction of BRCA2 and DDX5 in the DNA Damage Response BRCA2 promotes DNA-RNA hybrid resolution by DDX5 at DNA double strand breaks to facilitate homologous recombination Proper chromosome alignment depends on BRCA2 phosphorylation by PLK1." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS116.
Full textIncreasing evidence support the idea that proteins involved in RNA metabolism such as RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and RNA helicases are directly implicated in the DNA damage response (DDR). This activity is generally achieved through their interaction with DNA repair factors.BRCA2 is a tumor suppressor protein that plays an important role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR) as well as protecting stalled replication forks from unscheduled degradation; therefore, it is essential to maintain genome integrity. Interestingly, BRCA2 deficient cells accumulate DNA-RNA hybrids or R-loops, a known source of DNA damage and genome instability, providing evidence for its role in either R-loop prevention or processing. However, the specific role of BRCA2 on these structures remains poorly understood.A mass spectrometry screen to identify partners of BRCA2 performed in our laboratory revealed an enrichment of proteins involved in RNA metabolism such as RNA helicases. These findings led us to investigate whether BRCA2 could cooperate with these candidate interacting RNA helicases in processing DNA-RNA structures. First, we confirmed the interaction of BRCA2 and the DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX5, which we found is enhanced in cells exposed to -irradiation. Then, we narrowed down the interaction to the first 250 aa of BRCA2 (BRCA2T1) and found that it is direct using purified proteins. In collaboration with A. Aguilera lab (Cabimer, SP), we could show that depletion of DDX5 leads to a genome-wide accumulation of DNA-RNA hybrids that is particularly enriched at DNA damage sites. DDX5 associates with DNA-RNA hybrids that form in the vicinity of DSBs. Interestingly, we found that BRCA2 is important for the retention of DDX5 at laser irradiation-induced DNA damage. Notably, in vitro R-loop unwinding assays using purified DDX5 and BRCA2 proteins revealed that BRCA2 stimulates the R-loop helicase activity of DDX5.A breast cancer variant of unknown clinical significance (VUS) located in BRCA2T1 (T207A) reduced the interaction between BRCA2 and DDX5 and led to the accumulation of DNA-RNA hybrids. Cells stably expressing BRCA2-T207A also showed a decreased association of DDX5 with DNA-RNA hybrids, especially upon irradiation. Notably, monitoring RAD51 foci to evaluate HR-mediated DSBs repair efficiency in either DDX5-depleted cells or in BRCA2-T207A cells resulted in a delayed kinetics of appearance of RAD51 foci upon irradiation suggesting an active role of BRCA2-DDX5 interaction in ensuring timely HR repair. In agreement with this, overexpression of the RNAseH1 ribonuclease, that specifically degrades the RNA moiety in DNA-RNA structures, partially restored RAD51 kinetics phenotype of BRCA2-T207A cells. Moreover, cells bearing BRCA2-T207A variant also showed a reduced number of RPA foci compared to BRCA2 WT expressing cells, a step that precedes RAD51 loading at DSBs.Taken together, our results are consistent with DNA-RNA hybrids being an impediment for the repair of DSBs by HR and reveal BRCA2 and DDX5 as active players in their removal
Bouillier, Camille. "L'analyse de l'interactome du facteur de transcription M2-1 du Virus Respiratoire Syncytial révèle une interaction avec PABPC1 (polyA-binding protein cytoplasmic 1)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV010/document.
Full textAlthough the Respiratory Syncytial Virus, responsible of bronchiolitis in infants, represents a major public health problem, there are currently no vaccine or curative antiviral directed against it. The lack of information on key steps of its viral cycle and on virus-cell interactions hinders the development of new antiviral molecules.We chose to study the interactome of two viral proteins: the polymerase L and the transcription factor M2-1. To do so, we developed a screen based on interactomic and functional criteria.The first step consisted in identifying potential binding partners of M2-1 and L by co-immunoprecipitations coupled to quantitative proteomics. For better relevance, this screen was realised on infected cells, thanks to recombinant viruses produced by reverse genetics. 45 and 137 potential binding partners of M2-1 and L respectively were thus identified. A systematic study of the inhibition of 15 potential partners of M2-1 and its impact on viral multiplication enabled the selection of three candidates: ILF2, PABPN1 and PABPC1.We chose to concentrate on PABPC1. The inhibition of PABPC1’s expression reduces viral multiplication, but no specific effect on viral transcription or translation was brought to light. Its interaction with M2-1 was confirmed, and the MLLE domain of PABPC1 was identified as the M2-1 binding site. The interaction between M2-1 and PABPC1 was observed both in the cytoplasm and in IBAGs, substructures of viral inclusion bodies where viral mRNA accumulate. We formulated the hypothesis that M2-1, with PABPC1, stays with viral mRNA after leaving inclusion bodies and during their translation. This suggests a role for M2-1 in the fate of viral mRNA downstream of transcription
Risser, Fanny. "Études d’un mécanisme enzymatique et d’interactions inter-protéiques au sein de voies complexes de biosynthèse de polycétides Characterization of Intersubunit Communication in the Virginiamycin trans-Acyl Transferase Polyketide Synthase Understanding Intersubunit Interactions in the Enacyloxin Mixed cis- /trans-acyltransferase Modular Polyketide Synthase Insights into a dual function amide oxidase/macrocyclase form lankacidin biosynthesis." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0296.
Full textComplex polyketides are secondary metabolites which are produced by a range of different organisms, and which present a broad spectrum of therapeutic activity. The modular organization of the enzymes responsible for their synthesis, the polyketide synthases (PKS), makes them attractive targets for synthetic biology aimed at obtaining new polyketide structures. One of the most promising strategies to date consists in swapping of whole sub-units between different PKS systems. However, the success of this strategy critically depends on understanding and exploiting ‘docking domains’ the protein sequences at the C- and N-terminal extremities of the subunits which are responsible for correctly ordering the polypeptides, and therefore for faithful chain transfer. To increase our knowledge of DDs, we investigated several interfaces in both trans-AT and cis-AT PKSs. This work led notably to the identification of the first family of DDs from trans-AT PKSs, and we were further able to characterize a complete interface formed between two consecutive subunits within the virginiamycin PKS. In addition, we showed that at least one DD of matched pairs is often an intrinsically disordered region (IDR), as this type of interaction motif allows for specific but medium affinity contacts. Indeed, in the enacyloxin hybrid cis-AT/trans-AT PKS which we also investigated extensively, docking at every interface is mediated by a C-terminal IDR. In addition, we demonstrated that multiple structural classes of DD are present within the system, but that variations of the electrostatic ‘code’ within an individual structural class can also be used to ensure specificity. Taken together, these results provide important guidelines for future attempts to deploy DDs in subunit engineering. Another attractive target for synthetic biology are the so-called ‘post-PKS’ enzymes, which chemically decorate the initially-formed structure, and are often essential for their bioactivity. In this context, we studied LkcE, a bi-functional enzyme that catalyzes a rare amide oxidation followed by an intramolecular Mannich reaction to yield the lankacidin macrocycle – both to understand its unusual mechanism and to evaluate its suitability as a general polyketide modifying enzyme. We solved four crystal structures of the enzyme, and characterized it kinetically. Together, our data allowed us to propose a detailed catalytic mechanism for LkcE, involving a large-scale conformational change of the enzyme to bring the substrate into a cyclisation-ready state. Moreover, we showed that LkcE displays a certain tolerance toward its substrate structures, suggesting its usefulness as a general catalyst for cyclisation/ligation reaction in synthetic biology and chemical synthesis
Fahs, Amin. "Modeling of naturel convection in porous media : development of semi-analytical and spectral numerical solutions of heat transfer problem in special domains." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2021. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2021/Fahs_Amin_2021_ED269.pdf.
Full textThe problem of the porous square cavity is extensively used as a common benchmark case for Natural convection (NC) problem in porous media. It can be used for several numerical, theoretical, and practical purposes. All the existing high accurate solutions are developed under steady-state conditions. However, it is well known that the processes of NC in porous media occurs naturally in a time-dependent procedure, as boundary conditions can be variable in time. Also, the convergence of the steady-state solution is known to be difficult. To overcome this difficulty, the steady-state solution is often simulated as a transient solution that evolves until reaching the steady-state condition. These time-dependent modes are very efficient to detect the effects of the parameter variations on the physical process of NC, especially for the subject of interest in this thesis: the domain inclination level and hot wall temperature variation in time. For this purpose, three goals are identified in this Thesis: 1. Developing a time-dependent solution of natural convection in porous media using the Darcy model in two modes: Transient and unsteady. 2. Investigating the time-dependent behavior of natural convection in porous media having the domain inclination level as a variable parameter in two modes: Transient and unsteady. 3. Developing a time-dependent solution of natural convection in porous media using the Darcy-Lapwood-Brinkman model in two modes: Transient and unsteady. To do so, according to the high accuracy in the simply connected domains, one of the Galerkin spectral weighted residual method is chosen to develop a space-time dependent solution for NC problem in a square porous cavity. Applying the Fourier-Galerkin (FG) procedure, two configurations dealing with transient and unsteady regimes are considered where each solution is derived for a wide range of Rayleigh numbers with other special conditions. This work of thesis is explained in details as five chapters.The NC physical process with the time-dependent variations is described in the transient mode to reach the steady-state solution and for the unsteady mode during a one period using periodic sinusoidal boundary conditions on the cavity hot wall. Finally, the work of this thesis is described in details in five chapters; while the sixth and last chapter is devoted to the summary and conclusion.The results in this thesis work provide a set of high-accurate data that are published in three papers to be used for testing numerical codes of heat transfer in time-dependent configurations