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Seltzer, Benjamin K., Deniz S. Ones, and Arkun Tatar. "Using personality facets to understand the nature of personality-satisfaction relationships." Career Development International 22, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 477–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-08-2017-0141.
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Purpose The relationships between the Big Five personality traits and life and job satisfaction have been examined extensively. Despite this attention, however, most existing theories focus on a few global dimensions of the Big Five while relying primarily upon a selection of theoretically relevant but unmeasured facets to illuminate their factor-level explanations. The purpose of this paper is to examine personality–satisfaction relationships for job and life domains at the facet level to better identify and explain why certain global Big Five traits consistently relate to satisfaction, taking both factors and facets into account. Design/methodology/approach Data from over 20 specific occupational samples were pooled meta-analytically to examine personality facet of job/life satisfaction relationships and their generalizability. Bifactor latent variable modeling using meta-analytic input was used to examine independent contributions of general and unique personality facets. Findings The dominance facet of extraversion, low self-esteem facet of neuroticism, and responsibility facet of conscientiousness were most closely related to satisfaction variables. There were independent contributions of general and unique facet level personality–satisfaction relations for the neuroticism and conscientiousness domains, but not for the extraversion domain. Research limitations/implications Findings contribute to the literature on the bandwidth–fidelity dilemma in measuring personality and theories involving personality at work. Originality/value This study established the generalizability of Big Five traits–satisfaction relations and identified the empirically supported personality paths to understanding job and life satisfaction. This study also demonstrated how meta-analysis can be combined with bifactor models to understand substantive relations.
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Wei, Bifan, Jun Liu, Qinghua Zheng, Wei Zhang, Chenchen Wang, and Bei Wu. "DF-Miner: Domain-specific facet mining by leveraging the hyperlink structure of Wikipedia." Knowledge-Based Systems 77 (March 2015): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2015.01.001.
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Schnick-Vollmer, Kathleen, Stefanie Berger, Franziska Bouley, Sabine Fritsch, Bernhard Schmitz, Jürgen Seifried, and Eveline Wuttke. "Modeling the Competencies of Prospective Business and Economics Teachers." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 223, no. 1 (January 2015): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000196.
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Despite the important role that teachers’ professional competencies play, domain-specific models of competence as well as established instruments to measure such competencies are lacking (e.g., Blömeke, Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, Kuhn, & Fege, 2013 ). For this reason, a domain-specific model of competence and an instrument to measure prospective business and economics teachers’ professional competence in the domain of accounting was developed. This article focuses on the measurement of professional knowledge, which is a key facet of teachers’ professional competence. A corresponding test instrument is introduced and its measurement quality is reported. The test instrument used at 24 German universities (N = 1.158) comprises 49 items, distributed among different booklets following a multi-matrix design. All items have well functioning parameter values. In accordance with our hypothesis, a two-dimensional model fits the data best. The reliabilities of .64 (content knowledge) and .64 (pedagogical content knowledge) are satisfying. Thus, the developed instrument allows to gain a detailed understanding of prospective teachers’ professional knowledge in accounting.
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Krnjaic, Zora. "Towards the determination of capabilities relevant for expert thinking." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 38, no. 1 (2006): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0601045k.
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The paper starts from the assumption that expert thinking is a complex manner of thinking of higher order, comprising higher mental functions and complex capabilities based on deep structures and knowledge patterns. It is a domain-determined and specialized thinking developed through systematic education. Particular aspects of ability, selected for this study, primarily concern the relation between abilities and knowledge and the relation between general and specific abilities. Particular emphasis was laid on the key concepts of the theories presented, relevant for the study of the complex nature of expert thinking. Special attention was paid to mediated intelligence and the process of systemogenesis of knowledge, Katel?s definition of crystallized intelligence, Gardener?s work on multiple intelligences in the context of knowledge and experience as well as Sternberg?s two-facet subtheory. The capability for abstract thought and the ability to select what is important as well as the domain of relevant specific capability are assumed to be of special relevance for understanding expert thinking and, as such, they were articulated and examined. Expert thinking-abstract, specialized and domain-specific, seems to be based on general and specific capabilities and their interaction.
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Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, Olga, Sebastian Brückner, Marie-Theres Nagel, Ann-Kathrin Bültmann, Jennifer Fischer, Susanne Schmidt, and Dimitar Molerov. "PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT AND DIGITAL TRAINING FRAMEWORK FOR YOUNG PROFESSIONALS' GENERIC AND DOMAIN-SPECIFIC ONLINE REASONING IN LAW, MEDICINE, AND TEACHER PRACTICE." Journal of Supranational Policies of Education (JoSPoE), no. 13 (July 16, 2021): 9–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/jospoe2021.13.001.
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In the digital age, the Internet is increasingly considered a major information source. This is especially true for informal, e.g., post-university, learning. Evidentially, young professionals are increasingly using online sources as an information and learning tool. Critical reasoning from online information for learning and professional processes in the domains of medicine, law, and teaching is considered a highly relevant competence facet. For example, staying up to date on a multitude of matters, e.g., published in articles and guidelines, as is the case in the medical field, can be challenging when the required competencies to use online media are absent (e.g., Allen et al. 2005, O'Carroll et al. 2015). Current research on students in higher education indicates substantial deficits in their critical online reasoning skills, also among graduates. However, online information seeking and corresponding competencies of young professionals in job-specific educational processes have not been researched yet. There is a lack of both valid domain-specific assessments for different professions and learning tools that can effectively foster the competent use of online information in practice among young professionals. Our research presented here is part of the collaborative BRIDGE project, which is conducted under the umbrella of the program "Research for the Design of Educational Processes under the Conditions of Digital Change." This study is based on our previous work on the assessment of generic skills in higher education in the international projects CLA+, iPAL, and CORA as well as on experiences with job-specific performance assessments from the research programs KoKoHs and ASCOT+, which measured professional competence. To validly measure critical online reasoning among young professionals from three domains — medicine, law, and teacher training —we develop new computer-based online performance assessments and corresponding training tools. The specific aim is to analyze to what extent they improve in using online information with greater reflection when creating job-specific documents after an online training based on process and performance data (using innovative approaches, such as text mining and educational data mining). In this paper, we showcase the conceptual and assessment framework of the newly developed innovative tools to measure and promote generic and domain-specific online reasoning among young professionals in medicine, law, and teacher education. Based on this framework, we discuss how these crucial professional competence facets can be validly measured and effectively fostered in practice.
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Hoffmann, Anke, and Dietmar Spengler. "A New Coactivator Function for Zac1's C2H2 Zinc Finger DNA-Binding Domain in Selectively Controlling PCAF Activity." Molecular and Cellular Biology 28, no. 19 (July 28, 2008): 6078–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00842-08.
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ABSTRACT The generally accepted paradigm of transcription by regulated recruitment defines sequence-specific transcription factors and coactivators as separate categories that are distinguished by their abilities to bind DNA autonomously. The C2H2 zinc finger protein Zac1, with an established role in canonical DNA binding, also acts as a coactivator. Commensurate with this function, p73, which is related to p53, is here shown to recruit Zac1, together with the coactivators p300 and PCAF, to the p21Cip1 promoter during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neurons. In the absence of autonomous DNA binding, Zac1's zinc fingers stabilize the association of PCAF with p300, suggesting its scaffolding function. Furthermore, Zac1 regulates the affinities of PCAF substrates as well as the catalytic activities of PCAF to induce a selective switch in favor of histone H4 acetylation and thereby the efficient transcription of p21Cip1. These results are consistent with an authentic coactivator function of Zac1's C2H2 zinc finger DNA-binding domain and suggest coactivation by sequence-specific transcription factors as a new facet of transcriptional control.
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Woods, Amanda, Chelsea Iwig, Julie Dinh, and Eduardo Salas. "Informing the Development of a Safety and Performance Metric Selection Toolkit." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 1354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601312.
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Ensuring safety and optimal performance in Long Distance and Duration Exploration Missions (LDDEM) is critical to enabling success in future missions. However, selecting appropriate metrics for assessing safety and performance remains a challenge. The current research endeavor aims to address this challenge through the development of a metric selection tool architecture. Prior to the current facet of metric toolkit development, a systematic review of NASA documents and literature aided in identifying overarching themes for measuring human-automation interaction. However, many of the studies found in this literature review, were not specific to the spaceflight domain. Since this toolkit is being constructed to serve a specific audience – NASA designers and engineers – it is critical that the toolkit be designed based on their unique needs and preferences. Therefore, so as to inform toolkit design and development for the spaceflight domain, structured interviews were conducted with NASA employees to enhance effectiveness of the measurement selection apparatus. Interviews were coded to detect trends in responses and incorporate feedback into the next prototype design stage. Results provided insight into design features, measurement challenges, current procedures, and work environmental factors that will be integrated into the current toolkit. Respondent feedback implications and future directions for toolkit improvement are discussed.
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Das, Subhashis, Debashis Naskar, and Sayon Roy. "Reorganizing Educational Institutional Domain using Faceted Ontological Principles." KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 49, no. 1 (2022): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2022-1-6.
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The purpose of this work is to find out how different library classification systems and linguistic ontologies arrange a particular domain of interest and what are the limitations for information retrieval. We use knowledge representation techniques and languages for construction of a domain specific ontology. This ontology would help not only in problem solving, but it would demonstrate the ease with which complex queries can be handled using principles of domain ontology, thereby facilitating better information retrieval. Facet-based methodology has been used for ontology formalization for quite some time. Ontology formalization involves different steps such as, Identification of the terminology, Analysis, Synthesis, Standardization and Ordering. Firstly, for purposes of conceptualization OntoUML has been used which is a well-founded and established language for Ontology driven Conceptual Modelling. Phase transformation of “the same mode” has been subsequently obtained by OWL-DL using Protégé software. The final OWL ontology contains a total of around 232 axioms. These axioms comprise 148 logical axioms, 76 declaration axioms and 43 classes. These axioms glue together classes, properties and data types as well as a constraint. Such data clustering cannot be achieved through general use of simple classification schemes. Hence it has been observed and established that domain ontology using faceted principles provide better information retrieval with enhanced precision. This ontology should be seen not only as an alternative of the existing classification system but as a Knowledge Base (KB) system which can handle complex queries well, which is the ultimate purpose of any classification system or indexing system. In this paper, we try to understand how ontology-based information retrieval systems can prove its utility as a useful tool in the field of library science with a particular focus on the education domain.
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Ziegler, Matthias, Erik Danay, Franziska Schölmerich, and Markus Bühner. "Predicting academic success with the Big 5 rated from different points of view: Self‐rated, other rated and faked." European Journal of Personality 24, no. 4 (June 2010): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.753.
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Self‐ratings of personality predict academic success above general intelligence. The present study replicated these findings and investigated the increment of other‐ratings or intentionally distorted self‐ratings. Participants (N = 145) had to compile a personality questionnaire twice. First they were given neutral instructions. The second time they were asked to imagine a specific applicant setting. Furthermore, two peers rated each participant. Additionally, verbal, numerical and figural reasoning scores were obtained. Grades on a statistics exam obtained 2 months later served as the criterion. Results replicated prior findings and showed incremental validity for self‐ and other‐rated personality, which was stable after controlling for intelligence. Faking had no impact on the domain‐score level, but results on the facet‐score level were less encouraging. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Anwar, Muhammad Naveed, and Elizabeth Daniel. "The Role of Entrepreneur-Venture Fit in Online Home-Based Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Enterprising Culture 24, no. 04 (December 2016): 419–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495816500151.
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Home-based businesses and their founders represent an important, but under-researched facet of entrepreneurship. Far from being small, hobby-businesses with little economic impact, home-based business make significant contribution to national economies in terms of both turnover and employment. Online home-based businesses have been recognised as an important and distinct sector of the home-based business domain, offering unique opportunity for innovation and business diversity. The paper presents a systematic literature review of extant research on online home-based entrepreneurs and their businesses. The findings of the review are structured and discussed using the theoretical lens of entrepreneur-venture fit. Use of this lens allows the study to bring coherence to previously fragmented extant studies, providing a basis for future research in this domain. The study also develops a novel model of entrepreneur-venture fit in the specific case of online home-based businesses. This allows us to suggest five positive interactions between entrepreneurial and venture characteristics. It also allows us to suggest a number of previously unidentified negative interactions, which may result in entrepreneurs becoming ‘locked-in’ and suffering multiple sources of stress.
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Roberts, E. Claire, Richard W. Deed, Toshiaki Inoue, John D. Norton, and Andrew D. Sharrocks. "Id Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins Antagonize Pax Transcription Factor Activity by Inhibiting DNA Binding." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 2 (January 15, 2001): 524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.2.524-533.2001.
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ABSTRACT The Id subfamily of helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins plays a fundamental role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. The major mechanism by which Id proteins are thought to inhibit differentiation is through interaction with other HLH proteins and inhibition of their DNA-binding activity. However, Id proteins have also been shown to interact with other proteins involved in regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation, suggesting a more widespread regulatory function. In this study we demonstrate functional interactions between Id proteins and members of the Pax-2/-5/-8 subfamily of paired-domain transcription factors. Members of the Pax transcription factor family have key functions in regulating several developmental processes exemplified by B lymphopoiesis, in which Pax-5 plays an essential role. Id proteins bind to Pax proteins in vitro and in vivo. Binding occurs through the paired DNA-binding domain of the Pax proteins and results in the disruption of DNA-bound complexes containing Pax-2, Pax-5, and Pax-8. In vivo, Id proteins modulate the transcriptional activity mediated by Pax-5 complexes on the B-cell-specific mb-1 promoter. Our results therefore demonstrate a novel facet of Id function in regulating cellular differentiation by functionally antagonizing the action of members of the Pax transcription factor family.
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Pannese, Alessia. "Epistemic Perspectives on Enthusiasm in Late Seventeenth-Century England." Harvard Theological Review 115, no. 2 (April 2022): 243–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816022000165.
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AbstractThis study examines the late seventeenth-century reception of enthusiasm in England in the context of the contemporary epistemological debate. Challenging characterizations of responses to enthusiasm as partitioned along the rationalist-empiricist divide, I show how parallel critiques of enthusiasm by natural philosophers and theologians suggest shared epistemic commitments across methodological and disciplinary boundaries, reflecting evolving concerns in the broader epistemological debate, rather than fixed, domain- or ideology-specific positions. By challenging a crude rationalist-empiricist division, this study aligns itself with previous literature, while also departing from it, in that it locates in the critique of enthusiasm a previously under-examined facet of that debate. By showing that both natural philosophers and theologians rejected enthusiasm for its irrationality, this work also sharpens the current understanding of the epistemic significance of enthusiasm, in that it identifies the crux of the critique of enthusiasm in its lack of reason, and not of an empirical foundation.
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Stachl, Clemens, Quay Au, Ramona Schoedel, Samuel D. Gosling, Gabriella M. Harari, Daniel Buschek, Sarah Theres Völkel, et al. "Predicting personality from patterns of behavior collected with smartphones." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 30 (July 14, 2020): 17680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920484117.
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Smartphones enjoy high adoption rates around the globe. Rarely more than an arm’s length away, these sensor-rich devices can easily be repurposed to collect rich and extensive records of their users’ behaviors (e.g., location, communication, media consumption), posing serious threats to individual privacy. Here we examine the extent to which individuals’ Big Five personality dimensions can be predicted on the basis of six different classes of behavioral information collected via sensor and log data harvested from smartphones. Taking a machine-learning approach, we predict personality at broad domain (rmedian= 0.37) and narrow facet levels (rmedian= 0.40) based on behavioral data collected from 624 volunteers over 30 consecutive days (25,347,089 logging events). Our cross-validated results reveal that specific patterns in behaviors in the domains of 1) communication and social behavior, 2) music consumption, 3) app usage, 4) mobility, 5) overall phone activity, and 6) day- and night-time activity are distinctively predictive of the Big Five personality traits. The accuracy of these predictions is similar to that found for predictions based on digital footprints from social media platforms and demonstrates the possibility of obtaining information about individuals’ private traits from behavioral patterns passively collected from their smartphones. Overall, our results point to both the benefits (e.g., in research settings) and dangers (e.g., privacy implications, psychological targeting) presented by the widespread collection and modeling of behavioral data obtained from smartphones.
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Metzen, Eric. "Enzyme substrate recognition in oxygen sensing: how the HIF trap snaps." Biochemical Journal 408, no. 2 (November 14, 2007): e5-e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20071306.
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The transcriptional activator HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) is a focal point of biomedical research because many situations in physiology and in pathology coincide with hypoxia. The effects of HIF activation may be a facet of normal growth, as in embryonic development, they may counterbalance a disease, as seen in the stimulation of erythropoiesis in anaemia, and they may be part of the pathological processes, as exemplified by tumour angiogenesis. The oxygen-sensitive α-subunits of HIF are primarily regulated by the enzymatic hydroxylation that induces rapid proteasomal degradation. The HIFα hydroxylases belong to a superfamily of dioxygenases that require the co-substrates oxygen and 2-oxoglutarate as well as the cofactors Fe2+ and ascorbate. The regulation of enzyme turnover by the concentration of the cosubstrate oxygen constitutes the interface between tissue oxygen level and the activity of HIF. The HIFα prolyl hydroxylases, termed PHDs/EGLNs (prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins/EGL nine homologues), bind to a conserved Leu-Xaa-Xaa-Leu-Ala-Pro motif present in all substrates identified so far. This recognition motif is present twice in HIF1α, which gives rise to a NODD [N-terminal ODD (oxygen-dependent degradation domain)] containing Pro402 of HIF1α and a CODD (C-terminal ODD) where Pro564 is hydroxylated. PHD1/EGLN2 and PHD2/EGLN1 hydroxylate both ODDs with higher activity towards CODD, whereas PHD3/EGLN3 is specific for CODD. The reason for this behaviour has been unclear. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Villar and colleagues demonstrate that distinct PHD/EGLN domains, that are remote from the catalytic site, function in substrate discrimination. This elegant study improves our understanding of the interaction of the oxygen-sensing PHDs/EGLNs with their substrates, which include, but are not limited to, the HIFα proteins.
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Zhang, Keding. "A Cognitive Grammar approach to the SLocPAdjC in Mandarin Chinese." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.1.2.04zha.
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SLocPAdjC (Locative subject + adjective-predicate construction) is an idiosyncratic construction in Mandarin Chinese. It has its own specific structural and cognitive properties which are different from those of other constructions. Its structural properties are that it has locative phrases as its subject and adjective phrases as its predicate without the help of any linking verb. In addition, only state adjectives, and not property adjectives, can normally occur in SLocPAdjC as predicates. As is observed from the Cognitive Grammar perspective, what the predicate describes in SLocPAdjC is not the subject proper, but a certain facet of the spatial region of the entity designated by the subject. This depends on two cognitive mechanisms. One is the spatial region profiling mechanism of the subject, and the other is the active zone activating mechanism of the predicate. The former means that the signified entity of the nominal phrase in the subject functions as the base. The postposition serves to profile a certain spatial region of the base and makes this region a prominent candidate for the predicate to describe. The latter means that the adjective in the predicate, based on the cognitive domain it belongs to, activates a certain facet of or in the spatial region as the active zone which eventually becomes the actual matter to be described by the predicate. What’s more important, the meaning of the SLocPAdjC in Mandarin Chinese resides in the joint function of the profiling mechanism of the subject and the activating mechanism of the adjective-predicate.
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Matsuda, Patricia Noritake, Catherine Taylor, and Anne Shumway-Cook. "Examining the Relationship Between Medical Diagnoses and Patterns of Performance on the Modified Dynamic Gait Index." Physical Therapy 95, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140297.
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Background In the original and modified Dynamic Gait Index (mDGI), 8 tasks are used to measure mobility; however, disagreement exists regarding whether all tasks are necessary. The relationship between mDGI scores and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) severity indicators in the mobility domain has not been explored. Objective The study objectives were to examine the relationship between medical diagnoses and mDGI scores, to determine whether administration of the mDGI can be shortened on the basis of expected diagnostic patterns of performance, and to create a model in which mDGI scores are mapped to CMS severity modifiers. Design This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Methods The 794 participants included 140 people without impairments (control cohort) and 239 people with stroke, 140 with vestibular dysfunction, 100 with traumatic brain injury, 91 with gait abnormality, and 84 with Parkinson disease. Scores on the mDGI (total, performance facet, and task) for the control cohort were compared with those for the 5 diagnostic groups by use of an analysis of variance. For mapping mDGI scores to 7 CMS impairment categories, an underlying Rasch scale was used to convert raw scores to an interval scale. Results There was a main effect of mDGI total, time, and gait pattern scores for the groups. Task-specific score patterns based on medical diagnosis were found, but the range of performance within each group was large. A framework for mapping mDGI total, performance facet, and task scores to 7 CMS impairment categories on the basis of Rasch analysis was created. Limitations Limitations included uneven sample sizes in the 6 groups. Conclusions Results supported retaining all 8 tasks for the assessment of mobility function in older people and people with neurologic conditions. Mapping mDGI scores to CMS severity indicators should assist clinicians in interpreting mobility performance, including changes in function over time.
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Khan, Abdul Salam, Iqbal Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Sadiq, and Imran Ahmed Khan. "Falsification of Theorizing in Operations Management Research." Business and Management Horizons 6, no. 1 (May 27, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v6i1.12986.
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The practices of operations management research have been inclined towards practicality and pragmatism. Induction is core background of research in operations management. However, there are certain biases and critiques on the generalizability of data using the approach of Induction, of which falsification is more prominent. This study takes upon three major theories used in Operations Management (OM) research such as Resource Based View (RBV), Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and Resource Dependence Theory (RDT) and discusses the falsification critiques such as tautology on the theories and theorization of Operations Management (OM) and how the body of research in operations management responds to the criticism. Our study suggests that there needs to be a domain limitation of the theorizing process wherein the theory is posit to hold and thus exposing the theory at hand to the critique of falsification. The theory needs not to capture every facet of the phenomena under examination. This study also highlight the importance of developing field specific theories and the improvement brought into the process of theorization and towards the end we describe courses of action for improving the balance between theory and practice approach in the field.
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Cass, Lisa A., Scott A. Summers, Gregory V. Prendergast, Jonathan M. Backer, Morris J. Birnbaum, and Judy L. Meinkoth. "Protein Kinase A-Dependent and -Independent Signaling Pathways Contribute to Cyclic AMP-Stimulated Proliferation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 5882–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.9.5882.
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ABSTRACT The effects of cyclic AMP (cAMP) on cell proliferation are cell type specific. Although the growth-inhibitory effects of cAMP have been well studied, much less is known regarding how cAMP stimulates proliferation. We report that cAMP stimulates proliferation through both protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent and PKA-independent signaling pathways and that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is required for cAMP-stimulated mitogenesis. In cells where cAMP is a mitogen, cAMP-elevating agents stimulate membrane ruffling, Akt phosphorylation, and p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (p70s6k) activity. cAMP effects on ruffle formation and Akt were PKA independent but sensitive to wortmannin. In contrast, cAMP-stimulated p70s6k activity was repressed by PKA inhibitors but not by wortmannin or microinjection of the N-terminal SH2 domain of the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K, indicating that p70s6k and Akt can be regulated independently. Microinjection of highly specific inhibitors of PI3K or Rac1, or treatment with the p70s6k inhibitor rapamycin, impaired cAMP-stimulated DNA synthesis, demonstrating that PKA-dependent and -independent pathways contribute to cAMP-mediated mitogenesis. Direct elevation of PI3K activity through microinjection of an antibody that stimulates PI3K activity or stable expression of membrane-localized p110 was sufficient to confer hormone-independent DNA synthesis when accompanied by elevations in p70s6k activity. These findings indicate that multiple pathways contribute to cAMP-stimulated mitogenesis, only some of which are PKA dependent. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the ability of cAMP to stimulate both p70s6k- and PI3K-dependent pathways is an important facet of cAMP-regulated cell cycle progression.
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Wild, Klemens, Georg Kempf, Jan Grotwinkel, and Irmgard Sinning. "The many faces of SRP RNA." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314081868.
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The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a ribonucleoprotein complex that plays an essential role in co-translational targeting of membrane proteins. It is found in all three domains of life and exhibits a high diversity regarding composition and structure. In most organisms, SRP can be divided into two functional domains. The S domain mediates recognition and transport of ribosome-nascent chain complexes to the translocation channel, while the Alu domain stalls elongation of the ribosome until the complex has been faithfully delivered._x000B_Here we present the crystal structures of the complete bacterial SRP Alu domain and the ternary complex of human SRP S domain RNA, SRP19, and the SRP68-RBD. Together with previous structures, our data underline the taxon-specific evolutionary adaptation of SRP RNA that has important implications in SRP-mediated targeting.
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Jin, Binbin, Hongke Zhao, Enhong Chen, Qi Liu, and Yong Ge. "Estimating the Days to Success of Campaigns in Crowdfunding: A Deep Survival Perspective." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 4023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33014023.
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Crowdfunding is an emerging mechanism for entrepreneurs or individuals to solicit funding from the public for their creative ideas. However, in these platforms, quite a large proportion of campaigns (projects) fail to raise enough money of backers’ supports by the declared expiration date. Actually, it is very urgent to predict the exact success time of campaigns. But this problem has not been well explored due to a series of domain and technical challenges. In this paper, we notice the implicit factor of distribution of backing behaviors has a positive impact on estimating the success time of the campaign. Therefore, we present a focused study on predicting two specific tasks, i.e., backing distribution prediction and success time prediction of campaigns. Specifically, we propose a Seq2seq based model with Multi-facet Priors (SMP), which can integrate heterogeneous features to jointly model the backing distribution and success time. Additionally, to keep the change of backing distributions more smooth as the backing behaviors increases, we develop a linear evolutionary prior for backing distribution prediction. Furthermore, due to high failure rate, the success time of most campaigns is unobservable. We model this censoring phenomenon from the survival analysis perspective and also develop a non-increasing prior and a partial prior for success time prediction. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on a real-world dataset from Indiegogo. Experimental results clearly validate the effectiveness of SMP.
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Fazia, Teresa, Francesco Bubbico, Andrea Nova, Salvatore Bruno, Davide Iozzi, Beril Calgan, Giancarlo Caimi, Michele Terzaghi, Raffaele Manni, and Luisa Bernardinelli. "Beneficial Effects of an Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Sleep Quality in Italian Poor Sleepers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 2724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032724.
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Sleep of inadequate quantity and quality is increasing in the present 24 h society, with a negative impact on physical and mental health. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) generate a state of calm behavior that can reduce hyperactivity and improve sleep. We hypothesized that our specific MBI, administered online, may improve sleep quality and foster emotion regulation and mindfulness. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI), Arousal Predisposition Scale (APS), Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to measure sleep quality and stability. Emotion regulation and mindfulness were measured via the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Our MBI included 12 biweekly integral meditation (IM) classes, recorded IM training for individual practice, and dietary advice to promote sleep regulation. Fifty-six voluntary poor sleepers with a PSQI score of >5 were randomly allocated to treated (n = 28) and control (n = 28) groups. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the effectiveness of the intervention. Statistically significant results were observed in the FFMQ sub-domain non-reactivity to inner experience (β = 0.29 [0.06; −0.52], p = 0.01), PSQI (β = −1.93 [−3.43; −0.43], p = 0.01), SCI (β = 3.39 [0.66; 6.13], p = 0.02) and ISI (β = −3.50 [−5.86; −1.14], p = 0.004). These results confirm our hypothesis regarding the beneficial effects of our intervention on sleep quality.
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Robertson, Ivan, Mark P. Healey, Gerard P. Hodgkinson, Jill Flint-Taylor, and Fiona Jones. "Leader personality and employees’ experience of workplace stressors." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 1, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-05-2014-0019.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore relationships between leader personality traits (neuroticism and conscientiousness) and four specific workplace stressors (control; work overload; work-life balance and managerial relationships) experienced by work group members. Design/methodology/approach – The authors accessed personality data from N=84 leaders and surveyed members of their respective work groups (N=928) to measure established workplace stressors. Multi-level modelling analyses were conducted to explore relationships between leader neuroticism and conscientiousness and work group members’ perceptions of sources of pressure. Findings – The results relate to the general problem of how, and to what extent leaders have an impact on the well-being of members of their workgroups. Although previous research has generally associated conscientiousness with effective leadership, the results suggest that some facets of conscientiousness may be less useful for leadership effectiveness than others. In particular, the results show that leaders’ levels of achievement striving are linked to poor work life balance scores for their workgroups. The results also show that leader neuroticism is not related to work group members’ perceptions of sources of pressure. Practical implications – The findings showed that leader personality influences three out of the four employee stressors hypothesized. The idea that the influence of leader personality may be relatively indirect via employee working conditions is potentially important and suggests implications for practice. To the extent that the negative effects of leader personality are mediated via working conditions, it may be feasible to counter, or at least assuage such effects by implementing appropriate regulations or working practices that mitigate leaders’ ability to influence the specific conditions in question. Originality/value – Most studies have focused on how employee well-being outcomes are influenced through the direct impacts of leadership styles and behaviours, or contagious emotions. The authors explore an alternative and untested proposition that the leaders’ personality influences the working conditions that are afforded to subordinates. No empirical research to date have examined the relationships between leader personality and workplace stressors. The research also demonstrates the importance of using facet-level personality measures, compared with measures at the broad domain level.
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van der Meulen, Anna, Doret de Ruyter, Arjan Blokland, and Lydia Krabbendam. "Cross-Cultural Mental State Reading Ability in Antillean Dutch, Moroccan Dutch, and Dutch Young Adults." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 50, no. 3 (February 9, 2019): 419–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022118823283.
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Understanding how bicultural and monocultural individuals are oriented toward the cultures they come into frequent contact with can increase insights into their adaptation and well-being. Previous research has shown a relation between culture and mental state reading in the form of the cultural in-group effect, which is defined as the advantage in reading mental states from the own cultural group compared with other groups. Thus, orientation toward cultures can be assessed not only in self-reported behavioral and psychological acculturation but also in the domain of social–cognitive abilities. The aim of the current research is to gain insight into acculturation in the social–cognitive ability of mental state reading. In addition, it explores how this facet of acculturation is related to the more traditionally studied behavioral and psychological acculturation. Cross-cultural mental state reading, language and possession of friends (behavioral acculturation), and cultural identification (psychological acculturation) were assessed in Antillean Dutch ( n = 128), Moroccan Dutch ( n = 204), and Dutch ( n = 349) young adults between 19 and 24 years old ( M = 21.57 years, SD = 1.38 years). For cross-cultural mental state reading, the in-group effect was confirmed for the Dutch but not for the Antillean Dutch and Moroccan Dutch participants. Furthermore, there were no consistent associations between mental state reading and behavioral and psychological acculturation in the three groups. The present results extend fundamental research on cross-cultural mental state reading and also help to further understand the orientation of these specific cultural groups.
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Sheldon, E., S. Roman, M. Bursnall, R. Hawkins, A. Lobo, D. Hind, K. Randall, R. Wakeman, and R. Ainley. "P284 Assessing Patient Experience in an Inflammatory Bowel Disease service. Can we measure an effect from socioeconomic deprivation – experience from the AWARE-IBD programme?" Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 17, Supplement_1 (January 30, 2023): i431—i432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac190.0414.
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Abstract Background There is increasing international attention on delivery of services for people with Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Experience of care is defined and measured as ‘what’ happened, ‘how’ and ‘how often’ and is an important facet of service provision. Socioeconomic deprivation may be associated with poor disease-related outcomes and sub-optimal utilisation of services but its effect on experience of care in people with inflammatory bowel disease has not been reported. Methods An invitation to participate in a research study nested within the AWARE-IBD quality improvement programme was sent to 4082 patients attending the IBD service at a single UK teaching centre in October 2021. A second invitation was sent in May 2022 followed by telephone recruitment targeted to those from the most deprived deciles based on the index of multiple deprivation (IMD), a measure of relative deprivation for small areas in England (‘lower-layer super areas’, approximately 1500 residents). Participants returned an IBD specific patient reported experience measure (PREM) via a web application comprising 38 items across 3 domains: ‘My Care Team’, “What matters to me’, ‘Living with Crohn’s or Colitis’. Each item was scored 1 (poorest experience) to 5 (best experience). Median scores for individual items and by domain was compared in the following demographic groups: IMD decile IMD (1 = most deprived; 10 = least deprived), age, gender, disease type (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease). Results PREM responses were received from 249/4,082 (6%) patients. Patients from the most deprived decile were underrepresented in respondents compared to the invited cohort (Decile 1 22/249 (9%) vs 667/4,063(16%) p=0.002) and patients from the least deprived decile were over-represented; Decile 10: 38/249 (15%) vs 379/4063(9%) p=0.002). Respondents were otherwise broadly comparable to the invited cohort in terms of age, gender and disease type. Experience of care for respondents for individual PREM items or by domain did not differ according between IMD deciles (Figure 1), age, gender or disease type. Conclusion Measuring experience of care is an important part of IBD service quality improvement. No effect from socioeconomic deprivation was demonstrated. This finding conflicts with the literature on links between socioeconomic factors and quality of care and results across a service should be interpreted with caution. Experience of those at greatest risk is difficult to elicit with survey based experience measurement. Instead, tailored engagement exercises are required including qualitative and ethnographic approaches to better understand the impact of deprivation on experience.
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Jones, Josette, and Patricia F. Brennan. "Representing Nursing Knowledge: Applications for Database Design." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 12 (July 2000): 2–630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004401250.
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With the integration of health information available on the World Wide Web (WWW) in clinical practice, information management becomes more important than ever before. Although an on-line system could provide nurses with timely and convenient access to health information for discharge teaching, most nurses still rely on traditional practices such as written discharge notes and brochures. Nurses find the volume of information on the WWW overwhelming, the task of sorting out irrelevant and inaccurate information too difficult, and the time to search for information too long. Professional use of these resources requires an alternative organization, such as data repositories (i.e. electronic databases.) These are organized collections of information resources with indexes that support precise and sensitive retrieval. The paper reflects on consideration that organizing and indexing of on-line health information resources for professional use has a pragmatic facet: meet actual and future needs and requests for information. Hence, an information resource should not only be analyzed in and of itself, but should also be analyzed from the point of view of what questions it may or may not answer in the future. To search effectively, both indexers and searchers must understand the language used to represent the documents. The concepts that nurses most likely will use to seek information are domain-specific and reflect their practice. Several nursing knowledge representation systems or terminology models sexist but the question arises as to whether their understanding and use makes them adequate representations for consistently effective searches. The paper also reports on the results of indexing Web Pages using a medical (including nursing) controlled vocabulary (MeSH).
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Sun, Ke, Hong Liu, Qixiang Ye, Yue Gao, Jianzhuang Liu, Ling Shao, and Rongrong Ji. "Domain General Face Forgery Detection by Learning to Weight." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 3 (May 18, 2021): 2638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i3.16367.
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In this paper, we propose a domain-general model, termed learning-to-weight (LTW), that guarantees face detection performance across multiple domains, particularly the target domains that are never seen before. However, various face forgery methods cause complex and biased data distributions, making it challenging to detect fake faces in unseen domains. We argue that different faces contribute differently to a detection model trained on multiple domains, making the model likely to fit domain-specific biases. As such, we propose the LTW approach based on the meta-weight learning algorithm, which configures different weights for face images from different domains. The LTW network can balance the model's generalizability across multiple domains. Then, the meta-optimization calibrates the source domain's gradient enabling more discriminative features to be learned. The detection ability of the network is further improved by introducing an intra-class compact loss. Extensive experiments on several commonly used deepfake datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in detecting synthetic faces. Code and supplemental material are available at https://github.com/skJack/LTW.
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Darr, Wendy, and E. Kevin Kelloway. "Sifting the Big Five: examining the criterion-related validity of facets." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 3, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 2–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-11-2015-0038.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review organizational research on the criterion-related validity of the Big Five model of personality with a view to examine the organizational utility of facet measures of personality. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review of studies that use personality traits to predict organizational outcomes in three domains: performance (task and contextual), deviance, and interpersonal dynamics (leadership, team cohesion). Findings – The authors identify 15 specific facets drawn from the Big Five model that appear to have demonstrated criterion-related validity in the prediction of organizational outcomes. Practical implications – Results of the analysis suggest the utility of using facet-specific measures in organizational applications such as personnel selection. Originality/value – Although there is a substantial literature speaking to the validity of the Big Five traits, the study identifies specific facets that may provide a basis for more focused use of personality variables in organizations. The work also provides the basis for further measurement development of occupationally relevant personality measures.
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Cheung, Olivia S., Haiyang Jin, Alan C. N. Wong, and Yetta K. Wong. "Neural correlates of configural processing of faces and words: Domain-general or domain-specific?" Journal of Vision 21, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): 2536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.9.2536.
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Priyatno, Tri Puji, Farah Diba Abu Bakar, Rohaiza Ahmad Redzuan, Nor Muhammad Mahadi, and Abdul Munir Abdul Murad. "Functional Analysis of an Appressorium-Specific Gene from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.27.2.107.
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A novel gene (CAS2) specifically expressed during appressorium formation was isolated from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides using Differential Display RT-PCR. CAS2 comprises 368 deduced amino acid residues and is 50% identical to a hypothetical protein from Chaetomium globosum. ProtFun 2.2 server analysis predicted that Cas2 functions as a transport and binding protein. Based on putative transmembrane domain prediction software (HMMTOP), Cas2 protein is composed of five alpha-helical transmembrane domains with a very short external N-terminus tail and long internal C-terminus. ExPASy ScanProsite analysis showed the presence of integrin beta chain cysteine-rich domain, N-myristoylation site, EGF-like domain, 2Fe-2S ferredoxins, iron-sulfur binding region, VWFC domain, fungal hydrophobins signature, membrane lipoprotein lipid attachment site, and Janus-faced atracotoxin (J-ACTX) family signature in CAS2 protein. Mutants with deleted CAS2 were not significantly different in terms of vegetative growth, conidiation, and appressoria production compared to wild type. However, the Cas2 mutant produced multipolar germination, a feature which distinguishes it from wild type strain. Interestingly, the mutant is non-virulent to mango fruits, indicating that CAS2 may encode proteins that function as novel virulence factors in fungal pathogens.
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Skripkauskaite, Simona, Lance Slade, and Jennifer Mayer. "Attentional shifting differences in autism: Domain general, domain specific or both?" Autism 25, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 1721–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211001619.
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Atypical attention is considered to have an important role in the development of autism. Yet, it remains unclear whether these attentional difficulties are specific to the social domain. This study aimed to examine attentional orienting in autistic and non-autistic adults from and to non-social and social stimuli. We utilised a modified gap–overlap task with schematic images (Experiment 1: autistic = 27 and non-autistic = 26) and photographs (Experiment 2: autistic = 18 and non-autistic = 17). Eye-tracking data (i.e. saccadic latencies) were then compared across condition and type of stimulus (social or non-social) using multilevel modelling. Autistic adults exhibited mostly typical gap and overlap effects, as well as a bias towards social stimuli. Yet, autistic participants benefitted from exogenous disengagement when orienting to social information more than non-autistic participants. Neither a domain general nor social domain–specific account for attentional atypicalities in autism was supported separately. Yet, subtle combined domain differences were revealed in the gap condition. Lay abstract Previous research has shown that autistic individuals look at other people less and orient to them more slowly than others. Yet, it is still unclear if this represents general visual differences (e.g. slower looking at any new information, social or not) or a uniquely social difference (e.g. only slower looking to humans but not objects). Here, we aimed to examine how quickly autistic and non-autistic adults look to and away from social (i.e. faces) and non-social information (i.e. squares and houses). We used an attentional shifting task with two images where sometimes the first image disappears before the new image appears (makes it easier to notice the new image) and other times it stays on the screen when the new image appears. In Experiment 1, we showed schematic faces and squares to 27 autistic and 26 non-autistic adults, and in Experiment 2, we showed photographs of faces and houses to 18 autistic and 17 non-autistic adults. In general, autistic adults looked at the new non-social or social images similarly to non-autistic adults. Yet, only autistic adults looked at new social information faster when the first image disappeared before the new image appeared. This shows that autistic individuals may find it easier to notice new social information if their attention is not already occupied.
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Neta, Maital, William M. Kelley, and Paul J. Whalen. "Neural Responses to Ambiguity Involve Domain-general and Domain-specific Emotion Processing Systems." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 4 (April 2013): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00363.
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Extant research has examined the process of decision making under uncertainty, specifically in situations of ambiguity. However, much of this work has been conducted in the context of semantic and low-level visual processing. An open question is whether ambiguity in social signals (e.g., emotional facial expressions) is processed similarly or whether a unique set of processors come on-line to resolve ambiguity in a social context. Our work has examined ambiguity using surprised facial expressions, as they have predicted both positive and negative outcomes in the past. Specifically, whereas some people tended to interpret surprise as negatively valenced, others tended toward a more positive interpretation. Here, we examined neural responses to social ambiguity using faces (surprise) and nonface emotional scenes (International Affective Picture System). Moreover, we examined whether these effects are specific to ambiguity resolution (i.e., judgments about the ambiguity) or whether similar effects would be demonstrated for incidental judgments (e.g., nonvalence judgments about ambiguously valenced stimuli). We found that a distinct task control (i.e., cingulo-opercular) network was more active when resolving ambiguity. We also found that activity in the ventral amygdala was greater to faces and scenes that were rated explicitly along the dimension of valence, consistent with findings that the ventral amygdala tracks valence. Taken together, there is a complex neural architecture that supports decision making in the presence of ambiguity: (a) a core set of cortical structures engaged for explicit ambiguity processing across stimulus boundaries and (b) other dedicated circuits for biologically relevant learning situations involving faces.
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Rees, Clare S., Rebecca A. Anderson, and Sarah J. Egan. "Applying the Five-Factor Model of Personality to the Exploration of the Construct of Risk-Taking in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 34, no. 1 (December 14, 2005): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246580500247x.
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Although there has been a long interest in the personality traits associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), few studies have examined differences on normal, dimensional personality traits for individuals with OCD compared with other clinical disorders. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend upon the work of Rector et al. (2002) who found unique associations between OCD and trait domains and facets of the five-factor model of personality (FFM) when compared with a clinical sample of depressed individuals. The current study compared individuals with a current diagnosis of OCD (n=21) with individuals with a current diagnosis of anxiety or depression but no OCD symptoms (n=39) on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R Form S). Of particular interest was whether individuals with OCD would differ from other clinically anxious/depressed individuals on the actions facet of the FFM, as this facet is known to be related to harm and risk avoidance, and previous research suggests specific relationships between these forms of avoidance and OCD. Individuals with OCD were found to have lower scores on the actions, competence and self-discipline facets. These results add further support to previous research that suggests unique associations between trait domains and facets of the FFM and OCD.
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Flint, Kelsey M., Diane L. Fairclough, John A. Spertus, and David B. Bekelman. "Does heart failure-specific health status identify patients with bothersome symptoms, depression, anxiety, and/or poorer spiritual well-being?" European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes 5, no. 3 (January 11, 2019): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjqcco/qcy061.
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Abstract Aims Patients with heart failure often have under-recognized symptoms, depression, anxiety, and poorer spiritual well-being (‘QoL domains’). Ideally all patients should have heart failure-specific health status and quality of life (QoL) domains routinely evaluated; however, lack of time and resources are limiting in most clinical settings. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether heart failure-specific health status was associated with QoL domains and to identify a score warranting further evaluation of QoL domain deficits. Methods and results Participants (N = 314) enrolled in the Collaborative Care to Alleviate Symptoms and Adjust to Illness trial completed measures of heart failure-specific health status [Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, KCCQ (score 0–100, 0 = worst health status)], additional symptoms (Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), and spiritual well-being (Facit-Sp) at baseline. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) KCCQ score was 46.9 ± 19.3, mean age was 65.5 ± 11.4, and 79% were male. Prevalence of QoL domain deficits ranged from 11% (nausea) to 47% (depression). Sensitivity/specificity of KCCQ for each QoL domain ranged from 20–40%/80–96% for KCCQ ≤ 25, 61–84%/48–62% for KCCQ ≤ 50, 84–97%/26–40% for KCCQ ≤ 60, and 96–100%/8–13% for KCCQ ≤ 75. Patients with KCCQ ≤ 60 had mean ± SD 4.5 ± 2.5 QoL domain deficits (maximum 12), vs. 1.6 ± 1.6 for KCCQ > 60 (P < 0.001). Similar results were seen for KCCQ ≤25 (6.6 ± 2.4 vs. 3.3 ± 2.4), KCCQ ≤ 50 (4.8 ± 2.6 vs. 2.5 ± 2) and KCCQ ≤ 75 (4.0 ± 2.6 vs. 1.0 ± 1.2) (all P < 00001). Conclusion KCCQ ≤ 60 had good sensitivity for each QoL domain deficit and for patients with at least one QoL domain deficit. Screening for QoL domain deficits should target patients with lower KCCQ scores based on a clinic’s KCCQ score distribution and clinical resources for addressing QoL domain deficits.
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Yuryev, Anton, Makoto Ono, Stephen A. Goff, Frank Macaluso, and Lawrence P. Wennogle. "Isoform-Specific Localization of A-RAF in Mitochondria." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 13 (July 1, 2000): 4870–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.13.4870-4878.2000.
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ABSTRACT RAF kinase is a family of isoforms including A-RAF, B-RAF, and C-RAF. Despite the important role of RAF in cell growth and proliferation, little evidence exists for isoform-specific function of RAF family members. Using Western analysis and immunogold labeling, A-RAF was selectively localized in highly purified rat liver mitochondria. Two novel human proteins, which interact specifically with A-RAF, were identified, and the full-length sequences are reported. These proteins, referred to as hTOM and hTIM, are similar to components of mitochondrial outer and inner membrane protein-import receptors from lower organisms, implicating their involvement in the mitochondrial transport of A-RAF. hTOM contains multiple tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains, which function in protein-protein interactions. TPR domains are frequently present in proteins involved in cellular transport systems. In contrast, protein 14-3-3, an abundant cytosolic protein that participates in many facets of signal transduction, was found to interact with C-RAF but not with A-RAF N-terminal domain. This information is discussed in view of the important role of mitochondria in cellular functions involving energy balance, proliferation, and apoptosis and the potential role of A-RAF in regulating these systems.
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Klimstra, Theo A., Koen Luyckx, Luc Goossens, Eveline Teppers, and Filip De Fruyt. "Associations of Identity Dimensions with Big Five Personality Domains and Facets." European Journal of Personality 27, no. 3 (May 2013): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1853.
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Personality is among the most important factors contributing to individual differences in identity formation. However, previous studies mainly focused on broad personality domains and neglected more specific facets. In addition, it has only recently been recognized that identity formation is guided by multiple types of commitment and exploration. The present study aimed to remedy these limitations by relating the 30 personality facets of the NEO–PI–3 to five identity dimensions. In general, identity formation was especially facilitated by high levels of Conscientiousness and, to a lesser extent, also by high levels of Extraversion and low levels of Neuroticism. Openness and Agreeableness predicted greater involvement in both the positive side (i.e. exploration in breadth and depth) and negative side (i.e. ruminative exploration) of the exploration process. Personality facets and their overarching domains, as well as facets underlying the same domain, were often differentially associated with identity dimensions. Additionally, we found that some personality facets both have bright and dark sides, as they predicted both proactive identity work and a weakened sense of identity. Overall, the present study underscores the utility of multidimensional models of identity formation and points to the benefits of considering personality facets in addition to broad domains. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Schwinger, Malte, Claudia Schöne, and Nantje Otterpohl. "Structure of Contingent Self-Esteem." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 33, no. 5 (September 2017): 388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000296.
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Abstract. Contingent Self-Esteem (CSE) has been conceptualized in two different ways in the literature. Some theorists have emphasized that self-esteem may be generally dependent on external outcomes, while others have argued that people’s self-esteem is contingent on experiences related to specific domains (e.g., academic performance). However, relying on a particular definition of CSE may lead to different consequences for both research and practice. In this article, we sought to clarify whether contingent self-esteem represents a global, domain-specific, or hierarchically organized construct. Three large samples of German college students responded to two popular contingent self-esteem instruments and various validity measures. Findings from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses clearly favored a domain-specific model over unidimensional and hierarchical models. Moreover, hierarchical regression analyses in Study 3 indicated that participants’ depression and other important life outcomes could be better predicted by domain-specific facets than by global scores of contingent self-esteem. Compared to previous research, our findings provide a more thorough empirical and conceptual basis for favoring a domain-specific approach to contingent self-esteem. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.
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Langlais, Philippe, and Michael Carl. "General-purpose statistical translation engine and domain specific texts." Recent Trends in Computational Terminology 10, no. 1 (June 10, 2004): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.10.1.07lan.
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The past decade has witnessed exciting work in the field of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). However, accurate evaluation of its potential in real-life contexts is still an open question. In this study, we investigate the behavior of an SMT engine faced with a corpus far different from the one it has been trained on. We show that terminological databases are obvious resources that should be used to boost the performance of a statistical engine. We propose and evaluate one way of integrating terminology into a SMT engine which yields a significant reduction in word error rate.
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Li, Yunliang, Zhiqiang Du, Yanfang Fu, and Liangxin Liu. "Role-Based Access Control Model for Inter-System Cross-Domain in Multi-Domain Environment." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 13036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122413036.
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Information service platforms or management information systems of various institutions or sectors of enterprises are gradually interconnected to form a multi-domain environment. A multi-domain environment is convenient for managers to supervise and manage systems, and for users to access data across domains and systems. However, given the complex multi-domain environment and many users, the traditional or enhanced role-based access control (RBAC) model still faces some challenges. It is necessary to address issues such as role naming conflicts, platform–domain management conflicts, inter-domain management conflicts, and cross-domain sharing difficulties. For the above problems, a role-based access control model for inter-system cross-domain in multi-domain environment (RBAC-IC) is proposed. This paper formally defines the model, divides roles into abstract roles and specific roles, and designs the operating process of the access control model. The model has four characteristics: support role name repetition, platform–domain isolation management, inter-domain isolation management, and fine-grained cross-domain sharing. By establishing security violation formulas for security analysis, it is finally shown that RBAC-IC can operate safely.
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Son, Ji Y., and Robert L. Goldstone. "Fostering general transfer with specific simulations." Pragmatics and Cognition 17, no. 1 (February 18, 2009): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.1.01son.
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Science education faces the difficult task of helping students understand and appropriately generalize scientific principles across a variety of superficially dissimilar specific phenomena. Can cognitive technologies be adapted to benefit both learning specific domains and generalizable transfer? This issue is examined by teaching students complex adaptive systems with computer-based simulations. With a particular emphasis on fostering understanding that transfers to dissimilar phenomena, the studies reported here examine the influence of different descriptions and perceptual instantiations of the scientific principle of competitive specialization. Experiment 1 examines the role of intuitive descriptions to concrete ones, finding that intuitive descriptions leads to enhanced domain-specific learning but also deters transfer. Experiment 2 successfully alleviated these difficulties by combining intuitive descriptions with idealized graphical elements. Experiment 3 demonstrates that idealized graphics are more effective than concrete graphics even when unintuitive descriptions are applied to them. When graphics are concrete, learning and transfer largely depend on the particular description. However, when graphics are idealized, a wider variety of descriptions results in levels of learning and transfer similar to the best combination involving concrete graphics. Although computer-based simulations can be effective for learning that transfers, designing effective simulations requires an understanding of concreteness and idealization in both the graphical interface and its description.
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Kanwisher, Nancy, and Galit Yovel. "The fusiform face area: a cortical region specialized for the perception of faces." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1476 (November 8, 2006): 2109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1934.
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Faces are among the most important visual stimuli we perceive, informing us not only about a person's identity, but also about their mood, sex, age and direction of gaze. The ability to extract this information within a fraction of a second of viewing a face is important for normal social interactions and has probably played a critical role in the survival of our primate ancestors. Considerable evidence from behavioural, neuropsychological and neurophysiological investigations supports the hypothesis that humans have specialized cognitive and neural mechanisms dedicated to the perception of faces (the face-specificity hypothesis). Here, we review the literature on a region of the human brain that appears to play a key role in face perception, known as the fusiform face area (FFA). Section 1 outlines the theoretical background for much of this work. The face-specificity hypothesis falls squarely on one side of a longstanding debate in the fields of cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience concerning the extent to which the mind/brain is composed of: (i) special-purpose (‘domain-specific’) mechanisms, each dedicated to processing a specific kind of information (e.g. faces, according to the face-specificity hypothesis), versus (ii) general-purpose (‘domain-general’) mechanisms, each capable of operating on any kind of information. Face perception has long served both as one of the prime candidates of a domain-specific process and as a key target for attack by proponents of domain-general theories of brain and mind. Section 2 briefly reviews the prior literature on face perception from behaviour and neurophysiology. This work supports the face-specificity hypothesis and argues against its domain-general alternatives (the individuation hypothesis, the expertise hypothesis and others). Section 3 outlines the more recent evidence on this debate from brain imaging, focusing particularly on the FFA. We review the evidence that the FFA is selectively engaged in face perception, by addressing (and rebutting) five of the most widely discussed alternatives to this hypothesis. In §4 , we consider recent findings that are beginning to provide clues into the computations conducted in the FFA and the nature of the representations the FFA extracts from faces. We argue that the FFA is engaged both in detecting faces and in extracting the necessary perceptual information to recognize them, and that the properties of the FFA mirror previously identified behavioural signatures of face-specific processing (e.g. the face-inversion effect). Section 5 asks how the computations and representations in the FFA differ from those occurring in other nearby regions of cortex that respond strongly to faces and objects. The evidence indicates clear functional dissociations between these regions, demonstrating that the FFA shows not only functional specificity but also area specificity. We end by speculating in §6 on some of the broader questions raised by current research on the FFA, including the developmental origins of this region and the question of whether faces are unique versus whether similarly specialized mechanisms also exist for other domains of high-level perception and cognition.
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Debnath, Falguni, Debjit Chakraborty, Sandip Giri, Shatabdi Saha, Soume Pyne, Raja Chakraverty, Agniva Majumdar, et al. "Existing Policies/Guidelines on the Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: An Insight into the Key Facets through Review and SWOT Analysis." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110336.
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Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multidimensional phenomenon. The environment acts as a mixing pot of drug-resistant bacteria from many sources such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, veterinary, and agricultural sectors. In this study, we analysed the existing AMR-related policies/guidelines/legislations in India in the above domains and how the current practices are being guided by them. Methods: We used a convergent parallel mix method design. Quantitative data were collected through a review of policies/guidelines/legislations in the said domains and analysed using the SWOT tool parallelly supported by key informant interviews of domain-specific stakeholders. Results: Altogether, 19 existing AMR policies/guidelines/legislations were identified. The existence of few policies/guidelines in each domain indicated the evolving environment for policy interventions. However, the lack of capacity among farmers, inadequate provision for structured capacity building, high cost of alternatives to antimicrobials, and lack of provision of incentivisation in case of crop failure were identified as the major weaknesses prevalent across the domains. Opportunities for policy refinements/the introduction of new policies are ample. However, easy access to antimicrobials and injudicious use imposes threats to AMR containment in all sectors. Conclusions: Despite having a few policies for the containment of AMR, their implementation witnesses challenge due to the lack of collaborative approaches, the existence of policies disjointed from ground reality, infrastructural issues, and the lack of capacity and resources.
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Rusche, Marianna Massimilla, and Matthias Ziegler. "Measuring Domain-Specific Knowledge: From Bach to Fibonacci." Journal of Intelligence 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11030047.
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Along with crystallized intelligence (Gc), domain-specific knowledge (Gkn) is an important ability within the nomological net of acquired knowledge. Although Gkn has been shown to predict important life outcomes, only a few standardized tests measuring Gkn exist, especially for the adult population. Complicating things, Gkn tests from different cultural circles cannot simply be translated as they need to be culture specific. Hence, this study aimed to develop a Gkn test culturally sensitive to a German population and to provide initial evidence for the resulting scores’ psychometric quality. Existing Gkn tests often mirror a school curriculum. We aimed to operationalize Gkn not solely based upon a typical curriculum to investigate a research question regarding the curriculum dependence of the resulting Gkn structure. A set of newly developed items from a broad range of knowledge categories was presented online to 1450 participants divided into a high (fluid intelligence, Gf) Gf (n = 415) and an unselected Gf subsample (n = 1035). Results support the notion of a hierarchical model comparable to the one curriculum-based tests scores have, with one factor at the top and three narrower factors below (Humanities, Science, Civics) for which each can be divided into smaller knowledge facets. Besides this initial evidence regarding structural validity, the scale scores’ reliability estimates are reported, and criterion validity-related evidence based on a known-groups design is provided. Results indicate the psychometric quality of the scores and are discussed.
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Kim, Taeyun, and Jangbom Chai. "Pre-Processing Method to Improve Cross-Domain Fault Diagnosis for Bearing." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 4970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21154970.
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Models trained with one system fail to identify other systems accurately because of domain shifts. To perform domain adaptation, numerous studies have been conducted in many fields and have successfully aligned different domains into one domain. The domain shift problem is caused by the difference of distributions between two domains, which is solved by reducing this difference. Source domain data are labeled and used for training the models to extract the features while the target domain data are unlabeled or partially labeled and only used for aligning. Bearings play important roles in rotating machines, so many artificial intelligent models have been developed to diagnose bearings. Bearing diagnosis has also faced a domain shift problem due to various operating conditions such as experimental environment, number of balls, degree of defects, and rotational speed. Cross-domain fault diagnosis has been successfully performed when the systems are the same but operating conditions are different. However, the results are poor when diagnosing different bearing systems because the characteristics of the signals such as specific frequencies depend on the specifications. In this paper, the pre-processing method was used for improving the diagnosis without prior knowledge such as fault frequencies. The signals were first transformed to a common pattern space before entering the models. To develop and to validate the proposed method for different domains, vibration signals measured from two ball-bearing systems (Case Western Reserve University datasets and Paderborn University datasets) were used. One dimensional CNN models were utilized for verification of the proposed method and the results of the models using raw datasets and pre-processed datasets were compared. Even though each of the ball-bearing systems have their own specifications, using the proposed method was very helpful for domain adaptation, and cross-domain fault diagnosis was performed with high accuracy.
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Lee, Jae-Hyeok, John E. Heuser, Robyn Roth, and Ursula Goodenough. "Eisosome Ultrastructure and Evolution in Fungi, Microalgae, and Lichens." Eukaryotic Cell 14, no. 10 (August 7, 2015): 1017–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00106-15.
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ABSTRACTEisosomes are among the few remaining eukaryotic cellular differentations that lack a defined function(s). These trough-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane have largely been studied inSaccharomyces cerevisiae, in which their associated proteins, including two BAR domain proteins, have been identified, and homologues have been found throughout the fungal radiation. Using quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy to generate high-resolution replicas of membrane fracture faces without the use of chemical fixation, we report that eisosomes are also present in a subset of red and green microalgae as well as in the cysts of the ciliateEuplotes. Eisosome assembly is closely correlated with both the presence and the nature of cell walls. Microalgal eisosomes vary extensively in topology and internal organization. Unlike fungi, their convex fracture faces can carry lineage-specific arrays of intramembranous particles, and their concave fracture faces usually display fine striations, also seen in fungi, that are pitched at lineage-specific angles and, in some cases, adopt a broad-banded patterning. The conserved genes that encode fungal eisosome-associated proteins are not found in sequenced algal genomes, but we identified genes encoding two algal lineage-specific families of predicted BAR domain proteins, called Green-BAR and Red-BAR, that are candidate eisosome organizers. We propose a model for eisosome formation wherein (i) positively charged recognition patches first establish contact with target membrane regions and (ii) a (partial) unwinding of the coiled-coil conformation of the BAR domains then allows interactions between the hydrophobic faces of their amphipathic helices and the lipid phase of the inner membrane leaflet, generating the striated patterns.
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Warfield, Linda, Jie Luo, Jeffrey Ranish, and Steven Hahn. "Function of Conserved Topological Regions within the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Basal Transcription Factor TFIIH." Molecular and Cellular Biology 36, no. 19 (July 5, 2016): 2464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00182-16.
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TFIIH is a 10-subunit RNA polymerase II basal transcription factor with a dual role in DNA repair. TFIIH contains three enzymatic functions and over 30 conserved subdomains and topological regions. We systematically tested the function of these regions in three TFIIH core module subunits, i.e., Ssl1, Tfb4, and Tfb2, in the DNA translocase subunit Ssl2, and in the kinase module subunit Tfb3. Our results are consistent with previously predicted roles for the Tfb2 Hub, Ssl2 Lock, and Tfb3 Latch regions, with mutations in these elements typically having severe defects in TFIIH subunit association. We also found unexpected roles for other domains whose function had not previously been defined. First, the Ssl1-Tfb4 Ring domains are important for TFIIH assembly. Second, the Tfb2 Hub and HEAT domains have an unexpected role in association with Tfb3. Third, the Tfb3 Ring domain is important for association with many other TFIIH subunits. Fourth, a partial deletion of the Ssl1 N-terminal extension (NTE) domain inhibits TFIIH function without affecting subunit association. Finally, we used site-specific cross-linking to localize the Tfb3-binding surface on the Rad3 Arch domain. Our cross-linking results suggest that Tfb3 and Rad3 have an unusual interface, with Tfb3 binding on two opposite faces of the Arch.
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Chandrachooodan, Gayathri, Dr Radhika R., and Dr Ramesh Palappan R. "Adoption of Project Management Methodology and Challenges Faced: A Comparative Analysis between Government IT Sector and IT Organisations in the Corporate Sector in Kerala." Webology 18, SI05 (October 30, 2021): 939–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si05/web18273.
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Adoption of a Project Management methodology is highly critical in the success of projects in any domain. It is imperative that a matured project management methodology is significant in the successful implementation of projects. Various Project management methodologies such as PMBOK, Waterfall, PRINCE2, Agile, etc. are followed in different domains including IT. Yet challenges remain and very few projects are able to adopt these methodologies for project success. This paper covers a comparative analysis between corporate IT organisations operating in Kerala and IT organisations owned by Government of Kerala. The paper aims to identify the project management methodology, the level of project management practices, the reasons for project failures and the challenges in the adoption of a Project management framework. The study was conducted among 50 employees of four IT organisations in Government sector and 50 employees of Corporate IT sector in the state of Kerala, India. The focus is to understand the differences in project management practices, specific challenges in adoption of Project Management methodology between Government IT sector and Corporate IT organizations in Kerala. This study aims to enhance in the current practices of project management to create more successful projects in IT domain in Government Sector.
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An, Donggun, Yousun Kwon, Jungmin Pyo, and SunInn Yun. "Comparing the Mechanisms of Domain-Specific Creativity: The Roles of Openness Facets and Growth Mindsets." Korean Society for Creativity Education 20, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36358/jce.2020.20.1.101.
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Takeuchi, Riki, Mo Wang, Sophia V. Marinova, and Xin Yao. "Role of Domain-Specific Facets of Perceived Organizational Support During Expatriation and Implications for Performance." Organization Science 20, no. 3 (June 2009): 621–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1080.0403.
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Girolamo, Giovanni De, Paola Rucci, Paolo Scocco, Angela Becchi, Francesco Coppa, Angela D'Addario, Elisabetta Daru, et al. "Quality of life assessment: validation of the Italian version of the WHOQOL-Brief." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 9, no. 1 (March 2000): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00007740.
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SummaryObjective – To test the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the WHOQOL-BRIEF (e.g., construct and internal validity, concorrent validity with the MOS SF-36 and test-retest reliability). The WHOQOL-BRIEF is a 26-items self-report instrument which assesses four domains assumed to represent the Quality Of Life (QOL) construct: physical domain, psychological domain, social relationships domain and environment domain, plus two facets for assessing overall QOL and general health. Methods – Data have been collected in three sites (Bologna, Modena and Padua), located in the North of Italy, in the framework of the international WHOQOL project. According to the study design, the sample had to include about 50% males and 50% females, 50% of subjects below and 50% above the age of 45, all in contact with various health services. A subsample has been re-interviewed after 2-3 weeks in order to study test-retest reliability. After the WHOQOL-BRIEF, most subjects have also been administered the MOS-SF36 in order to test the concurrent validity between these two instruments. Results – The instrument was administered to 379 subjects (1/6 healthy and 1/6 sick), chosen to be representative of a variety of different medical conditions. Seventy patients, wTio displayed stable health conditions, have been reassessed after 2-3 weeks to study test-retest reliability. The WHOQOL-BRIEF domains has shown good internal consistency, ranging from 0.65 for the social relationships domain to 0.80 for the physical domain; it has been able to discriminate between in- and out-patients and between the two age groups considered in the present study (<45, ≥45 years). Only physical and psychological domains were found to discriminate between healthy and ill subjects. No gender differences in the mean scores for the four domains were found. Concurrent validity between the WHOQOL-Brief and the MOS-SF-36 was satisfactory, and specific for the physical and psychological health domains. Test-retest reliability values were also good, ranging from 0.76 for the environment domain to 0.93 for the psychological domain. Conclusions – This study shows that the WHOQOL-BRIEF is psychometrically valid and reliable, and that it is also potentially useful in discriminating between subjects with different health conditions in clinical settings.
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Kourea, Lefki, Lenwood Gibson, and Robai Werunga. "Culturally Responsive Reading Instruction for Students With Learning Disabilities." Intervention in School and Clinic 53, no. 3 (May 22, 2017): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053451217702112.
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As student populations are becoming more diverse in ability and ethnicity across American classrooms, teachers are faced with instructional challenges in meeting their students’ learning needs. Challenges are heightened for general and special education teachers who teach students with learning disabilities (LD) and have a culturally and linguistically diverse background. This article analyzes three main domains of culturally responsive reading instruction for students with LD: (a) instructional delivery, (b) environmental support, and (c) curriculum context. Specific strategies and teaching tools are described in each domain to assist teachers in making their daily reading instruction more culturally responsive and relevant to the needs of their students.