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Hodish, Israel. "Insulin requirements are eternally dynamic." Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 23, no. 10 (July 19, 2021): 2409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.14460.
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Liu, Minqin, Yang Ding, Shimeng Peng, Yang Lu, Zhi Dang, and Zhenqing Shi. "Molecular fractionation of dissolved organic matter on ferrihydrite: effects of dissolved cations." Environmental Chemistry 16, no. 2 (2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en18235.
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Environmental contextCarbon sequestration and dynamics are influenced by adsorptive fractionation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on minerals. We found that the molecular fractionation of DOM on ferrihydrite was highly dependent on the presence of Na, Ca and Cu ions in water. These results advance our mechanistic understanding of the dynamic behaviour of DOM, and contribute to predicting carbon cycling and contaminant behaviour in the natural environment. AbstractThe adsorptive fractionation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the ferrihydrite and water interface is a key geochemical process controlling DOM compositions and reactivity, thus affecting carbon cycling and contaminant behaviour in the environment. However, the effects of cations on DOM fractionation and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) combined with spectroscopic methods were employed to investigate molecular fractionation of DOM on ferrihydrite under different cations in the background electrolytes, including Na, Ca, and Cu ions. The results indicated that DOM fractionation was influenced by the combined effects of cation type, intrinsic molecular property, and extent of DOM adsorption. DOM adsorption on ferrihydrite exhibited the strongest and the weakest fractionation under Na and Ca background electrolytes, respectively. Both Ca and Cu background electrolytes reduced the adsorption of highly unsaturated and phenolic/polyphenolic molecules with high molecular weight and number of O atoms. In addition to the molecular acidity, the complexation of Ca and Cu ions to DOM binding sites and the coagulation effect of divalent cations may affect molecular fractionation. Additionally, DOM fractionation was enhanced with increasing DOM adsorption. Our results contribute to predicting carbon cycling and contaminant behaviour in the natural environment.
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Tarvirdizadeh, Bahram, Khalil Alipour, and Alireza Hadi. "An algorithm for dynamic object manipulation by a flexible link robot." Engineering Computations 33, no. 5 (July 4, 2016): 1508–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-06-2015-0145.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on an online closed-loop (CL) approach for performing dynamic object manipulation (DOM) by a flexible link manipulator. Design/methodology/approach – Toward above goal, a neural network and optimal control are integrated in a closed-loop structure, to achieve a robust control for online DOM applications. Additionally, an elegant novel numerical solution method will be developed which can handle the split boundary value problem resulted from DOM mission requirements for a wide range of boundary conditions. Findings – The obtained simulation results reveal the effectiveness of both proposed innovative numerical solution technique and control structure for online object manipulation purposes using flexible manipulators. Originality/value – The object manipulation problem has previously been studied, however, for the first time its accomplishment by flexible link manipulators was addressed just in offline form considering an open-loop control structure (Tarvirdizadeh and Yousefi-Koma, 2012). As an extension of Tarvirdizadeh and Yousefi-Koma (2012), the current research, consequently, focusses on a numerical solution and a CL approach for performing DOM by a flexible link manipulator.
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Brumley, Douglas R., Francesco Carrara, Andrew M. Hein, Yutaka Yawata, Simon A. Levin, and Roman Stocker. "Bacteria push the limits of chemotactic precision to navigate dynamic chemical gradients." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 22 (May 16, 2019): 10792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816621116.
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Ephemeral aggregations of bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment, where they serve as hotbeds of metabolic activity, nutrient cycling, and horizontal gene transfer. In many cases, these regions of high bacterial concentration are thought to form when motile cells use chemotaxis to navigate to chemical hotspots. However, what governs the dynamics of bacterial aggregations is unclear. Here, we use an experimental platform to create realistic submillimeter-scale nutrient pulses with controlled nutrient concentrations. By combining experiments, mathematical theory, and agent-based simulations, we show that individual Vibrio ordalii bacteria begin chemotaxis toward hotspots of dissolved organic matter (DOM) when the magnitude of the chemical gradient rises sufficiently far above the sensory noise that is generated by stochastic encounters with chemoattractant molecules. Each DOM hotspot is surrounded by a dynamic ring of chemotaxing cells, which congregate in regions of high DOM concentration before dispersing as DOM diffuses and gradients become too noisy for cells to respond to. We demonstrate that V. ordalii operates close to the theoretical limits on chemotactic precision. Numerical simulations of chemotactic bacteria, in which molecule counting noise is explicitly taken into account, point at a tradeoff between nutrient acquisition and the cost of chemotactic precision. More generally, our results illustrate how limits on sensory precision can be used to understand the location, spatial extent, and lifespan of bacterial behavioral responses in ecologically relevant environments.
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Ghigo, E., E. Ciccarelli, S. D. Bianchi, G. Gatti, G. M. Molinatti, F. Massara, E. E. Müller, and F. Camanni. "in Comparison between pituitary computed tomographic findings and tests of hypothalamo-pituitary function 72 patients with hyperprolactinaemia." Acta Endocrinologica 112, no. 1 (May 1986): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1120020.
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Abstract. To verify the diagnostic capacity of some dynamic tests of the prolactin (Prl) secretion, the findings obtained by high-resolution computed tomography (CT) were compared with results obtained from tests using nomifensine (NOM) domperidone (DOM) and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in 72 patients with pathological hyperprolactinaemia. None of the patients with tumours had a positive Prl response to NOM or to DOM administration; however, a positive response to these tests was present in only 24 and 41%, respectively, of the patients with normal CT picture. The results of TRH testing were similar to those obtained with DOM. Different neuroendocrine patterns were disclosed by comparing pituitary Prl and thyrotrophin (TSH) responses to DOM: 1) some subjects had a reduced Prl response together with an exaggerated or normal TSH response to DOM; they comprised patients with tumour, empty sella, and normal CT picture; 2) other patients with normal CT picture had a positive Prl and a normal TSH response to DOM. These results demonstrate that a negative Fri response to NOM and DOM characterizes all patients with adenoma; however, the tumour-like responses in patients with no visible tumours seem to reduce the diagnostic value of these tests, unless the latter may predate the radiological appearance of an adenoma. On the other hand, a positive Prl and a normal TSH response to DOM exclude the presence of a pituitary tumour. This diagnostic finding is strengthened by the positive response also to NOM. Whatever may be the diagnostic validity of dynamic tests, they provide sound information on the functional state of dopamine neurotransmission.
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Wang, Yanlong, and Jinhua Liu. "Object-oriented Design based Comprehensive Experimental Development of Document Object Model." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 3, no. 1 (December 7, 2022): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.3.1.390.
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JavaScript code using Document Object Model (DOM) can realize the dynamic control of Web pages, which is the important content of the Web development technology course. The application of DOM is very flexible and includes many knowledge points, so it is difficult for students to master. In order to help students to understand each knowledge point and improve their engineering ability to solve practical problems, a DOM comprehensive experiment project similar to blind box is designed and implemented. This experimental project integrates knowledge points such as DOM events, DOM operations, and communication between objects. Practice has proved that running and debugging of the project can help students to understand and master relevant knowledge points.
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Prijac, Antonin, Laure Gandois, Laurent Jeanneau, Pierre Taillardat, and Michelle Garneau. "Dissolved organic matter concentration and composition discontinuity at the peat–pool interface in a boreal peatland." Biogeosciences 19, no. 18 (September 22, 2022): 4571–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4571-2022.
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Abstract. Pools are common features of peatlands and can represent from 5 % to 50 % of the peatland ecosystem's surface area. Pools play an important role in the peatland carbon cycle by releasing carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere. However, the origin of this carbon is not well constrained. A hypothesis is that the majority of the carbon emitted from pools predominantly originates from mineralized allochthonous (i.e., plant-derived) dissolved organic matter (DOM) from peat rather than in situ primary production. To test this hypothesis, this study examined the origin, composition, and degradability of DOM in peat porewater and pools of an ombrotrophic boreal peatland in northeastern Quebec (Canada) for 2 years over the growing season. The temporal evolution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, the optical properties, molecular composition (THM-GC-MS), stable isotopic signature (δ13C-DOC), and degradability of DOM were determined. This study demonstrates that DOM, in both peat porewater and pools, presents a diverse composition and constitutes highly dynamic components of peatland ecosystems. The molecular and isotopic analyses showed that DOM in pools was derived from plants. However, DOM compositions in the two environments were markedly different. Peat porewater DOM was more aromatic, with a higher molecular weight and DOC : DON (dissolved organic nitrogen) ratio compared to pools. The temporal dynamics of DOC concentration and DOM composition also differed. In peat porewater, the DOC concentration followed a strong seasonal increase, starting from 9 mg L−1 and reaching a plateau above 20 mg L−1 in summer and autumn. This was explained by seasonal peatland vegetation productivity, which is greater than microbial DOM degradation. In pools, DOC concentration also increased but remained 2 times lower than in the peat porewaters at the end of the growing season (∼ 10 mg L−1). Those differences might be explained by a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors. The limited hydraulic conductivity in deeper peat horizons and associated DOM residence time might have favored both DOM microbial transformation within the peat and the interaction of DOM aromatic compounds with the peat matrix, explaining part of the shift of DOM compositions between peat porewater and pools. This study did not report any photolability of DOM and only limited microbial degradability. Thus, it is likely that the DOM might have been microbially transformed at the interface between peat and pools. The combination of DOM quantitative and qualitative analyses presented in this study demonstrates that most of the carbon present within and released from the pools originates from peat vegetation. These results demonstrate that pools represent a key component of the peatland ecosystem ecological and biogeochemical functioning.
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Goczewski, Maciej, and R. Stupnytsky. "The instrument transfer method in four handed dentistry in dental operating microscope as a module of a training program in the aspect of reduction of the dynamic load of the visual system of the operator." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 108, no. 4 (2021): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2021-4-54.
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Resume. Introduction of a Dental Operating Microscope (DOM) in the clinical work can make some difficulties in operator’s work.In particular, to ensure the safety of the operator’s visual system and ergonomics of the work, the operator’s gaze should be continuously directed to the operating field. The instruments should be moved over the operating field by the assisting personnel, whose participation in the transfer is not complete until the evening nstrument is visible through the microscope and the operator is fully capable of controlling its movement. Instrument transfer method in DOM includes 3 steps: modified direct placement, predelivery, delivery and exchange of instruments. In the presented method the most important elements are the properly oriented end of the instrument by dental assistant and mutual grasp of instrument. The method allows to reduce the load on the operator’s visual system and to make four-handed work ergonomic. Key words: dental operating microscope (DOM), four-handed dentistry in DOM, instrument transfer in DOM, mutual grasp, visual system overload of dental operator.
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Hsu, C. T., S. W. Chiang, and K. F. Sin. "A Novel Dynamic Quadrature Scheme for Solving Boltzmann Equation with Discrete Ordinate and Lattice Boltzmann Methods." Communications in Computational Physics 11, no. 4 (April 2012): 1397–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.150510.150511s.
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AbstractThe Boltzmann equation (BE) for gas flows is a time-dependent nonlinear differential-integral equation in 6 dimensions. The current simplified practice is to linearize the collision integral in BE by the BGK model using Maxwellian equilibrium distribution and to approximate the moment integrals by the discrete ordinate method (DOM) using a finite set of velocity quadrature points. Such simplification reduces the dimensions from 6 to 3, and leads to a set of linearized discrete BEs. The main difficulty of the currently used (conventional) numerical procedures occurs when the mean velocity and the variation of temperature are large that requires an extremely large number of quadrature points. In this paper, a novel dynamic scheme that requires only a small number of quadrature points is proposed. This is achieved by a velocity-coordinate transformation consisting of Galilean translation and thermal normalization so that the transformed velocity space is independent of mean velocity and temperature. This enables the efficient implementation of Gaussian-Hermite quadrature. The velocity quadrature points in the new velocity space are fixed while the correspondent quadrature points in the physical space change from time to time and from position to position. By this dynamic nature in the physical space, this new quadrature scheme is termed as the dynamic quadrature scheme (DQS). The DQS was implemented to the DOM and the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). These new methods with DQS are therefore termed as the dynamic discrete ordinate method (DDOM) and the dynamic lattice Boltzmann method (DLBM), respectively. The new DDOM and DLBM have been tested and validated with several testing problems. Of the same accuracy in numerical results, the proposed schemes are much faster than the conventional schemes. Furthermore, the new DLBM have effectively removed the incompressible and isothermal restrictions encountered by the conventional LBM.
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Zabihhosseinian, Mahboobeh, Ryan Gilley, Danielle Andrew, Bernadette Murphy, and Paul Yielder. "Differential Changes in Early Somatosensory Evoked Potentials between the Dominant and Non-Dominant Hand, Following a Novel Motor Tracing Task." Brain Sciences 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10050290.
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During training in a novel dynamic environment, the non-dominant upper limb favors feedback control, whereas the dominant limb favors feedforward mechanisms. Early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) offer a means to explore differences in cortical regions involved in sensorimotor integration (SMI). This study sought to compare differences in SMI between the right (Dom) and left (Non-Dom) hand in healthy right-handed participants. SEPs were recorded in response to median nerve stimulation, at baseline and post, a motor skill acquisition-tracing task. One group (n = 12) trained with their Dom hand and the other group (n = 12), with their Non-Dom hand. The Non-Dom hand was significantly more accurate at baseline (p < 0.0001) and both groups improved with time (p < 0.0001), for task accuracy, with no significant interaction effect between groups for both post-acquisition and retention. There were significant group interactions for the N24 (p < 0.001) and the N30 (p < 0.0001) SEP peaks. Post motor acquisition, the Dom hand had a 28.9% decrease in the N24 and a 23.8% increase in the N30, with opposite directional changes for the Non-Dom hand; 22.04% increase in N24 and 24% decrease in the N30. These SEP changes reveal differences in early SMI between Dom and Non-Dom hands in response to motor acquisition, providing objective, temporally sensitive measures of differences in neural mechanisms between the limbs.
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Flerus, R., B. P. Koch, O. J. Lechtenfeld, S. L. McCallister, P. Schmitt-Kopplin, R. Benner, K. Kaiser, and G. Kattner. "A molecular perspective on the ageing of marine dissolved organic matter." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 6 (November 29, 2011): 11453–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-11453-2011.
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Abstract. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was extracted with solid phase extraction (SPE) from 137 water samples from different climate zones and different depths along an Eastern Atlantic Ocean transect. The extracts were analyzed with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI). Δ14C analyses were performed on subsamples of the SPE-DOM. In addition, the amount of dissolved organic carbon was determined for all water and SPE-DOM samples as well as the yield of amino sugars for selected samples. Linear correlations were observed between the magnitudes of 43 % of the FT-ICR mass peaks and the extract Δ14C values. Decreasing SPE-DOM Δ14C values went along with a shift in the molecular composition to higher average masses (m/z) and lower hydrogen/carbon (H/C) ratios. The correlation was used to model the SPE-DOM Δ14C distribution for all 137 samples. Based on single mass peaks a degradation index was developed to compare the degradation state of marine SPE-DOM samples analyzed with FT-ICR MS. A correlation between Δ14C, degradation index, DOC values and amino sugar yield supports that SPE-DOM analyzed with FT-ICR MS reflects trends of bulk DOM. A relative mass peak magnitude ratio was used to compare aged SPE-DOM and fresh SPE-DOM regarding single mass peaks. The magnitude ratios show a continuum of different reactivities for the single compounds. Only few of the compounds present in the FT-ICR mass spectra are expected to be highly degraded in the oldest water masses of the Pacific Ocean. All other compounds should persist partly thermohaline circulation. Prokaryotic (bacterial) production, transformation and accumulation of this very stable DOM occurs probably primarily in the upper ocean. This DOM is an important contribution to very old DOM, showing that production and degradation are dynamic processes.
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Flerus, R., O. J. Lechtenfeld, B. P. Koch, S. L. McCallister, P. Schmitt-Kopplin, R. Benner, K. Kaiser, and G. Kattner. "A molecular perspective on the ageing of marine dissolved organic matter." Biogeosciences 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 1935–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1935-2012.
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Abstract. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) from 137 water samples from different climate zones and different depths along an eastern Atlantic Ocean transect. The extracts were analyzed with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI). Δ14C analyses were performed on subsamples of the SPE-DOM. In addition, the amount of dissolved organic carbon was determined for all water and SPE-DOM samples as well as the yield of amino sugars for selected samples. Linear correlations were observed between the magnitudes of 43 % of the FT-ICR mass peaks and the extract Δ14C values. Decreasing SPE-DOM Δ14C values went along with a shift in the molecular composition to higher average masses (m/z) and lower hydrogen/carbon (H/C) ratios. The correlation was used to model the SPE-DOM Δ14C distribution for all 137 samples. Based on single mass peaks, a degradation index (IDEG) was developed to compare the degradation state of marine SPE-DOM samples analyzed with FT-ICR MS. A correlation between Δ14C, IDEG, DOC values and amino sugar yield supports that SPE-DOM analyzed with FT-ICR MS reflects trends of bulk DOM. DOM weighted normalized mass peak magnitudes were used to compare aged and recent SPE-DOM on a semi-quantitative molecular basis. The magnitude comparison showed a continuum of different degradation rates for the detected compounds. A high proportion of the compounds should persist, possibly modified by partial degradation, in the course of thermohaline circulation. Prokaryotic (bacterial) production, transformation and accumulation of this very stable DOM occur primarily in the upper ocean. This DOM is an important contribution to very old DOM, showing that production and degradation are dynamic processes.
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Wang, Can, Yao Xiao, Jue Wang, Ning Hou, Weiyi Cui, Xiaomin Hu, Fanxin Zeng, et al. "Dynamic changes in insulin and glucagon during disease progression in rhesus monkeys with obesity‐related type 2 diabetes mellitus." Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 21, no. 5 (January 22, 2019): 1111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.13624.
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Denis, Marie, Laurent Jeanneau, Patrice Petitjean, Anaëlle Murzeau, Marine Liotaud, Louison Yonnet, and Gérard Gruau. "New molecular evidence for surface and sub-surface soil erosion controls on the composition of stream DOM during storm events." Biogeosciences 14, no. 22 (November 14, 2017): 5039–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5039-2017.
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Abstract. Storm events are responsible for more than 60 % of the export of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from headwater catchments due to an increase in both the discharge and concentration. The latter was attributed to changing water pathways inducing the mobilization of DOM from the surface soil horizons. Recent molecular investigations have challenged this view and hypothesized (i) a contribution of an in-stream partition of organic matter (OM) between eroded particles and the dissolved fraction and (ii) the modification of the composition of soil DOM during storm events. To investigate these assumptions, soil solutions in the macropores, surface runoff and stream outlet were sampled at high frequency during three storm events in the Kervidy–Naizin catchment, part of the French critical zone observatory AgrHyS. The molecular composition of the DOM was analysed by thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM) with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) coupled to a gas chromatograph and a quadrupole mass spectrometer. These analyses highlighted a modification of the DOM composition in soil solution controlled by the water-table dynamic and pre-event hydrological conditions. These findings fit with the mechanism of colloidal and particulate destabilization in the soil macroporosity. The different behaviour observed for lignins, carbohydrates and fatty acids highlights a potential chemical segregation based on their hydrophobicity. The composition of surface runoff DOM is similar to the DOM composition in soil solution and could be generated by the same mechanism. The DOM composition in both soil solution and surface runoff corresponds to the stream DOM composition observed during storm events. On the basis of these results, modifications of the stream DOM composition during storm events seem to be due to surface and sub-surface soil erosion rather than in-stream production.
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Xia, Xiang, Zhi Shu Li, and Yi Xiang Fan. "The Advanced "Rich-Client" Method Based on DOM for the Dynamic and Configurable Web Application." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 1691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.1691.
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In order to meet the user requirement of the dynamic customization and configuration of the changeable and complicated page functionality on the client, when constructing the web application platform, an advanced rich-client method and technology based on DOM ( Document Object Model ) was designed and used to develop the client module. The client module with rich-client technology was in the traditional J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition ) architecture which was the Client-Centric and MVC ( Model-View-Control ) mode. On the client side, according to the dynamic page generation algorithm, developers wrote JavaScript scripting language based on DOM and Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) for user customization and choose the part of the third-party open-source Extjs ( Extendable JavaScript ) components as the page elements to generate client-side dynamic configuration interface. From a user experience perspective, The good performance test results of the advanced rich-client method effectively examine the distinguishing features of the new method.
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Peng, She Qiang, and Ze Yi Tian. "Design and Realization of IE Vulnerabilities Mining Based on Fuzz Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 2032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.2032.
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In order to detect Internet Explorer browser vulnerabilities, the miner distributed with test method based on the DOM tree are designed and implemented, it also implemented dynamic selection of the test case execution, experiment results found 50 IE vulnerabilities.
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Zhou, Chun Fa, Zi Gong Ning, Wei Zhao, Yun Kai Li, Ming Chao Liang, Ze Shi, Pei Ling Yang, and Zhi Yun Ouyang. "Impact of DOM in Reclaimed Water on Nitrogen/Phosphate Adsorption in Sediments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.678.
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The nitrogen and phosphate were regarded as the target pollutants in this paper to study the balance of adsorption / desorption to nitrogen and phosphate, the adsorption dynamic characteristics under the action of four kinds of urban rivers and lakes sediments in Beijing as well as the impact of DOM in reclaimed water to absorb nitrogen and phosphate. Results show that: the processes of sorption of nitrogen and phosphate in the four sediments could be described by the Linear and Freundlich models, while the adsorption-desorption goes with hysteresis effect. The adsorption of nitrogen and phosphate were inhibited by DOM in reclaimed water, with an adsorption coefficient Kddecreasing by 0.04% -56.88%, reaching a significant level (confidence level α = 0.05);And DOM increased the nonlinear parameter 1/n, up to 2.20 times at most, resulting in a lower adsorption stable.
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Smith, H. J., M. Tigges, J. D'Andrilli, A. Parker, B. Bothner, and C. M. Foreman. "Dynamic processing of DOM: Insight from exometabolomics, fluorescence spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry." Limnology and Oceanography Letters 3, no. 3 (April 25, 2018): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10082.
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Kuhlisch, Constanze, Guy Schleyer, Nir Shahaf, Flora Vincent, Daniella Schatz, and Assaf Vardi. "Viral infection of algal blooms leaves a unique metabolic footprint on the dissolved organic matter in the ocean." Science Advances 7, no. 25 (June 2021): eabf4680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf4680.
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Algal blooms are hotspots of primary production in the ocean, forming the basis of the marine food web and fueling the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool. Viruses are key players in controlling algal demise, thereby diverting biomass from higher trophic levels to the DOM pool, a process termed the “viral shunt.” To decode the metabolic footprint of the viral shunt in the environment, we induced a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi and followed its succession using untargeted exometabolomics. We show that bloom succession induces dynamic changes in the exometabolic landscape. We found a set of chlorine-iodine–containing metabolites that were induced by viral infection and released during bloom demise. These metabolites were further detected in virus-infected oceanic E. huxleyi blooms. Therefore, we propose that halogenation with both chlorine and iodine is a distinct hallmark of the virus-induced DOM of E. huxleyi, providing insights into the metabolic consequences of the viral shunt.
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Ladd, Mallory P., David T. Reeves, Suresh Poudel, Colleen M. Iversen, Stan D. Wullschleger, and Robert L. Hettich. "Untargeted Exometabolomics Provides a Powerful Approach to Investigate Biogeochemical Hotspots with Vegetation and Polygon Type in Arctic Tundra Soils." Soil Systems 5, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5010010.
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Rising temperatures in the Arctic have led to the thawing of tundra soils, which is rapidly changing terrain, hydrology, and plant and microbial communities, causing hotspots of biogeochemical activity across the landscape. Despite this, little is known about how nutrient-rich low molecular weight dissolved organic matter (LMW DOM) varies within and across tundra ecosystems. Using a high-resolution nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) approach, we characterized the composition and availability of LMW DOM from high-centered polygons (HCP) and low-centered polygons (LCP) with Eriophorum angustifolium or Carex aquatilis as the dominant vegetation. Over 3000 unique features (i.e., discrete mass/charge ions) were detected; 521 were identified as differentially abundant between polygonal types and 217 were putatively annotated using high mass accuracy MS data. While polygon type was a strong predictor of LMW DOM composition and availability, vegetation and soil depth were also important drivers. Extensive evidence was found for enhanced microbial processing at the LCP sites, which were dominated by Carex plant species. We detected significant differences between polygon types with varying aboveground landscape features or properties, and hotspots of biogeochemical activity, indicating LMW DOM, as quantified by untargeted exometabolomics, provides a window into the dynamic complex interactions between landscape topography, vegetation, and organic matter cycling in Arctic polygonal tundra soils.
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Pan, Hongwei, Lili Shi, Xin Liu, Hongjun Lei, Jie Yu, and Guang Yang. "Characteristics of Soil DOM and Its Effect on the Transformation of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE) Forms under Organic Fertilizer Return Conditions." Agronomy 13, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030630.
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In order to explore the effects of the composition and structure of soil’s dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its electron transfer capacity (ETC) on the bioavailability of the potential toxic elements chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) after the application of decomposed pig manure organic fertilizer, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEMs), parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and electrochemical methods were used to analyze the composition characteristics of DOM in soil solution and the changes in the ETC, and the dynamic relationship between the relative content of DOM, ETC and various forms of potential toxic elements was explored by means of a Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA). Among them, Cr, Pb and Cd were the elements with significant biological toxicity in farmland soil. The results indicated the following: (1) The soil DOM before and after returning the organic fertilizer to the field contained four components: UV and UVA humic-like (C1), tryptophan-like and UVA humic-like (C2), Exogenous and visible humic-like (C3) and tyrosine-like (C4). Humus-like was the main component. (2) After applying organic fertilizer, the relative contents of the DOM humus and tyrosine-like components in the soil increased by 8% and 8.73%, respectively. In this process, the DOM electron-accepting capacity (EAC) and electron-donating capacity (EDC) increased by 39.98% and 27.91%, respectively. (3) The humic-like fraction showed a highly significant positive correlation with ETC (p < 0.01), and the tyrosine-like fraction showed a significant negative correlation with ETC (p < 0.05). (4) The humus-like substance and ETC were positively correlated with the total amount, reducible state and oxidizable state of the potential toxic elements and negatively correlated with the weak acid extracted state and residue state; this showed that the humus-like components and ETC were more helpful for the transformation of the weak acid extracted state to the reducible state, oxidizable state and residue state in the interaction between the DOM components and Cr, Pb and Cd. In summary, the reasonable application of organic fertilizer could improve the relative content of DOM and ETC in soil, inhibit the biological toxicity of potential toxic elements in soil and provide a theoretical basis for the safe use of organic fertilizer.
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Damcevic, Katarina, and Filip Rodik. "Ready for the Homeland." Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2018.3.264.
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The article analyzes nationalistically motivated online hate speech on selected right-wing public Facebook pages in Croatia. The rise of historical revisionism and populism paved the way for the growing presence of hate speech, with the most salient example being the resurfacing of the World War II fascist salute Za dom spremni (“Ready for the Homeland”) across different communicative situations. We account for the online dynamic of Za dom spremni as well as for the most frequent expressions of xenophobia that accompany the salute by presenting data gathered between 2012 – 2017 using Facebook Graph API. From the total of 4.5 million postings published by readers, those containing Za dom spremni and its variations were filtered and followed by the frequency and prevalence of the accompanying notions. By relying on cultural semiotics, we highlight the socio-communicative functions of hate speech on two levels. Firstly, the notion of the semiosphere helps us illustrate how hate speech is used to reproduce the idea of Croatianness as the dominant self-description. Secondly, we examine how the dominant self-description maintains the boundary between us and the other by merging diverse textual fragments and how their perseverance depends on the communicative situations they enter online.
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He, Wei, Meilian Chen, Mark A. Schlautman, and Jin Hur. "Dynamic exchanges between DOM and POM pools in coastal and inland aquatic ecosystems: A review." Science of The Total Environment 551-552 (May 2016): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.031.
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Wang, Ran, Guangquan Xu, Xianjiao Zeng, Xiaohong Li, and Zhiyong Feng. "TT-XSS: A novel taint tracking based dynamic detection framework for DOM Cross-Site Scripting." Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 118 (August 2018): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2017.07.006.
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Wang, Xinyi, Xiaoge Zhen, Renzheng Li, Xiaoman Liu, Tiantian Wang, Li Zhao, and Jian Yang. "Migration and transformation characteristics of DOM in fine sand and marl rock." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 1 (April 22, 2016): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.193.
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This paper mainly studied migration and transformation characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in underground aquifers. To achieve the research purpose, we carried out the dynamic column experiments of the DOM at different conditions indoors. In the experiment, the water of Wujiang River from Pingdingshan Coal-field is used as water sample, meanwhile, fine sand and marl rock are used as testing rock sample. A comparative study on migration and transformation characteristics of the DOM in different rock samples is done. The results show that, in the fine sand, the main effects are convection and dispersion, while the adsorption and biological effects are very weak. However, in the marl rock, besides existing convection and dispersion, the adsorption and biological effect are quite significant. And in the marl rock, convection and dispersion plays a major role in the early experiment, while adsorption is the main effect in the medium term, then the biodegradation dominates the final stage. With the increasing of temperature and seepage velocity in the fine sand, the impact of the convection effect becomes gradually weak, the dispersion effect gradually enhances, and, however, convection effect is still playing a dominant role. With the temperature rising in the marl rock, the adsorption effect becomes weak, but biodegradation is enhanced. As the seepage velocity increases in the marl rock, the adsorption and biodegradation both decrease.
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Riley, W. J., F. Maggi, M. Kleber, M. S. Torn, J. Y. Tang, D. Dwivedi, and N. Guerry. "Long residence times of rapidly decomposable soil organic matter: application of a multi-phase, multi-component, and vertically resolved model (BAMS1) to soil carbon dynamics." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 4 (July 10, 2014): 1335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1335-2014.
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Abstract. Accurate representation of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in Earth system models is critical for future climate prediction, yet large uncertainties exist regarding how, and to what extent, the suite of proposed relevant mechanisms should be included. To investigate how various mechanisms interact to influence SOM storage and dynamics, we developed an SOM reaction network integrated in a one-dimensional, multi-phase, and multi-component reactive transport solver. The model includes representations of bacterial and fungal activity, multiple archetypal polymeric and monomeric carbon substrate groups, aqueous chemistry, aqueous advection and diffusion, gaseous diffusion, and adsorption (and protection) and desorption from the soil mineral phase. The model predictions reasonably matched observed depth-resolved SOM and dissolved organic matter (DOM) stocks and fluxes, lignin content, and fungi to aerobic bacteria ratios. We performed a suite of sensitivity analyses under equilibrium and dynamic conditions to examine the role of dynamic sorption, microbial assimilation rates, and carbon inputs. To our knowledge, observations do not exist to fully test such a complicated model structure or to test the hypotheses used to explain observations of substantial storage of very old SOM below the rooting depth. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that a reasonable combination of sorption parameters, microbial biomass and necromass dynamics, and advective transport can match observations without resorting to an arbitrary depth-dependent decline in SOM turnover rates, as is often done. We conclude that, contrary to assertions derived from existing turnover time based model formulations, observed carbon content and Δ14C vertical profiles are consistent with a representation of SOM consisting of carbon compounds with relatively fast reaction rates, vertical aqueous transport, and dynamic protection on mineral surfaces.
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Shan, Guangchun, Haoyuan Lu, and Qunliang Li. "The properties and dynamic changes of DOM subfractions during food waste and sugarcane leaves co-composting." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 8 (December 26, 2017): 7433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-1083-y.
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Hong, Xiao Bin, Gui Xiong Liu, and Jian Long Xu. "Dynamic Interpretation Method of XML Configuration Strategy for IP Mode Measurement and Control System." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 2537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.2537.
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The interoperability among diversified ubiquitous sensor network platforms can be solved well by employing XML technology. According to the requirement that implementing accurately remote XML configuration strategy for spot equipments, a new dynamic interpretation method of XML configuration strategy is proposed. First, an XML-based IP mode measurement & control system is introduced. On the basis of realizing graphical strategy editor, the innovative ways and technologies of some key problems for dynamic interpretation method were especially discussed in this paper, including configuration strategy conversion combining preorder binary tree traversal with stack, XML strategy decomposition based on DOM tree model and dynamical update of XML configuration strategy. Finally, an application example in IP mode ethanol concentration measurement & control system is introduced. Experimental results show that the new method can greatly simplify conversion from measurement & control strategy to microinstructions, which saves system resources and improves greatly the speed of interpretation.
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Mosley, Luke M., and Peter S. Liss. "Particle aggregation, pH changes and metal behaviour during estuarine mixing: review and integration." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 3 (2020): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19195.
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Estuaries are dynamic mixing zones where river water interacts with seawater, resulting in large and complex geochemical changes. How two key factors, particle aggregation and pH, affect metal behaviour in estuaries is reviewed and integrated in this paper. Riverine particles are coated with organic matter and electrostatic repulsive forces restrict aggregation. In estuaries, increased concentrations of divalent cations reduce the repulsive forces between particles at low salinities, resulting in their rapid coagulation and removal of particulate-associated metals (e.g. Fe and Pb). However, truly dissolved metals may mix conservatively, and metals associated more with colloidal and dissolved organic material (e.g. Cu and Zn) can show variable behaviour. In many field studies and modelling of river inputs with different compositions, pH decreases slightly at low salinity. Geochemical model simulations of dissolved metal speciation indicated that Zn would be desorbed from iron oxide binding surfaces due to these pH and cation concentration changes, with Cu also showing less binding to dissolved organic matter (DOM). DOM, pH and particle surfaces can influence individual metal behaviour at various spatial and temporal scales. Further integrated field and laboratory research in estuaries where key geochemical processes affecting metal concentrations are measured and modelled is needed.
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Chen, Wenhao, Zhigang Yu, Xu Yang, Tantan Wang, Zihao Li, Xin Wen, Yubo He, and Chang Zhang. "Unveiling the Role of Dissolved Organic Matter on the Hg Phytoavailability in Biochar-Amended Soils." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 20, 2023): 3761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043761.
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Biochar can effectively reduce the phytoavailability of mercury (Hg) in soil, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, the dynamic changes in Hg content adsorbed by the biochar (BC-Hg), Hg phytoavailability in the soil (P-Hg), and soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics were determined over a 60-day treatment period. Biochar obtained at 300 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C reduced the P-Hg concentration assessed by MgCl2 extraction by 9.4%, 23.5% and 32.7%, respectively. However, biochar showed a very limited adsorption on Hg, with the maximum BC-Hg content only accounting for 1.1% of the total amount. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) results showed that the proportion of Hg atoms in biochar after 60 d was barely detectable. Biochar treatment can shift soil DOM toward higher aromatic content and molecular weight. Additionally, the addition of high-temperature biochar increased more humus-like components, but low-temperature biochar increased more protein-like components. Correlation analysis and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) showed that biochar promoted humus-like fractions formation to reduce the Hg phytoavailability. This research has deepened the understanding of the mechanisms by which biochar stabilizes Hg in agricultural soils.
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Charan Patel, Nimai, Manoj Kumar Debnath, Durgesh Prasad Bagarty, and Pranati Das. "GWO tuned multi degree of freedom PID controller for load frequency control." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (June 8, 2018): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.33.14831.
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In order to enhance the control action, in this article multi degree of freedom PID controllers (MDFPID) like 2DOF-PID and 3DOF-PID controllers are suggested for frequency control in a multi-unit hydro-thermal interconnected system. The finest gains of the recommended MDFPID controllers are achieved with Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) Technique considering a time based evaluative function. The dom-inating performance of the suggested control technique is validated by relating the outcomes with a pre-published journal results. The robust behavior of the MDFPID controller is also validated by abruptly amplifying the loading of the system. The system dynamic responses are analyzed in consideration with time response parameters like minimum undershoots, settling time and peak overshoots.
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Siddique, Muhammad Saboor, Xuejun Xiong, Hankun Yang, Tahir Maqbool, Nigel Graham, and Wenzheng Yu. "Dynamic variations in DOM and DBPs formation potential during surface water treatment by ozonation-nanofiltration: Using spectroscopic indices approach." Chemical Engineering Journal 427 (January 2022): 132010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.132010.
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Kim, Jong-Keun, Eui-Sun Kang, Kun-Jung Sim, Hee-Ae Ko, and Young-Hwan Lim. "A Scheme that Transcodes and Services from PC Web Page to Mobile Web Page of Dynamic Object with DOM." KIPS Transactions:PartD 14D, no. 3 (June 30, 2007): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstd.2007.14-d.3.355.
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Hu, Shineng, Shang-Ping Xie, and Sarah M. Kang. "Global Warming Pattern Formation: The Role of Ocean Heat Uptake." Journal of Climate 35, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1885–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0317.1.
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Abstract This study investigates the formation mechanism of the ocean surface warming pattern in response to a doubling CO2 with a focus on the role of ocean heat uptake (or ocean surface heat flux change, ΔQnet). We demonstrate that the transient patterns of surface warming and rainfall change simulated by the dynamic ocean–atmosphere coupled model (DOM) can be reproduced by the equilibrium solutions of the slab ocean–atmosphere coupled model (SOM) simulations when forced with the DOM ΔQnet distribution. The SOM is then used as a diagnostic inverse modeling tool to decompose the CO2-induced thermodynamic warming effect and the ΔQnet (ocean heat uptake)–induced cooling effect. As ΔQnet is largely positive (i.e., downward into the ocean) in the subpolar oceans and weakly negative at the equator, its cooling effect is strongly polar amplified and opposes the CO2 warming, reducing the net warming response especially over Antarctica. For the same reason, the ΔQnet-induced cooling effect contributes significantly to the equatorially enhanced warming in all three ocean basins, while the CO2 warming effect plays a role in the equatorial warming of the eastern Pacific. The spatially varying component of ΔQnet, although globally averaged to zero, can effectively rectify and lead to decreased global mean surface temperature of a comparable magnitude as the global mean ΔQnet effect under transient climate change. Our study highlights the importance of air–sea interaction in the surface warming pattern formation and the key role of ocean heat uptake pattern.
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Sun, Yue, Weisheng Zheng, Xinchun Ding, and Rajendra Prasad Singh. "Adsorption of Nitrate by a Novel Polyacrylic Anion Exchange Resin from Water with Dissolved Organic Matters: Batch and Column Study." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 30, 2019): 3077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153077.
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A novel anion exchange resin AEE-3 was synthesized by N-alkylation of a weakly basic polyacrylic anion exchanger D311 with 1-bromopropane to effectively remove nitrate (NO3−-N) from aqueous solution. The related finding revealed that its adsorption isotherm obeyed the Langmuir model well, and the second-order model was more validated for the NO3−-N adsorption kinetics study. Compared to commercially-available polystyrene-based nitrate specialty resin Purolite A 520E (A520E), AEE-3 resin has a higher adsorbed amount and better regeneration performance toward NO3−-N in the existence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) using static and dynamic methods. Notably, a real secondary treated wastewater (STWW) obtained from a local municipal wastewater treatment plant was also assessed for NO3−-N removal in fixed-bed columns. Observations from this study indicated that AEE-3 could effectively remove NO3−-N from contaminated surface water.
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Cui, Lizhen, Jing Chen, Wei He, Hui Li, Wei Guo, and Zhiyuan Su. "Achieving Approximate Global Optimization of Truth Inference for Crowdsourcing Microtasks." Data Science and Engineering 6, no. 3 (May 12, 2021): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41019-021-00164-2.
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AbstractMicrotask crowdsourcing is a form of crowdsourcing in which work is decomposed into a set of small, self-contained tasks, which each can typically be completed in a matter of minutes. Due to the various capabilities and knowledge background of the voluntary participants on the Internet, the answers collected from the crowd are ambiguous and the final answer aggregation is challenging. In this process, the choice of quality control strategies is important for ensuring the quality of the crowdsourcing results. Previous work on answer estimation mainly used expectation–maximization (EM) approach. Unfortunately, EM provides local optimal solutions and the estimated results will be affected by the initial value. In this paper, we extend the local optimal result of EM and propose an approximate global optimal algorithm for answer aggregation of crowdsourcing microtasks with binary answers. Our algorithm is expected to improve the accuracy of real answer estimation through further likelihood maximization. First, three worker quality evaluation models are presented based on static and dynamic methods, respectively, and the local optimal results are obtained based on the maximum likelihood estimation method. Then, a dominance ordering model (DOM) is proposed according to the known worker responses and worker categories for the specified crowdsourcing task to reduce the space of potential task-response sequence while retaining the dominant sequence. Subsequently, a Cut-point neighbor detection algorithm is designed to iteratively search for the approximate global optimal estimation in a reduced space, which works on the proposed dominance ordering model (DOM). We conduct extensive experiments on both simulated and real-world datasets, and the experimental results illustrate that the proposed approach can obtain better estimation results and has higher performance than regular EM-based algorithms.
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Qi, Huiyu, Nobuo Funabiki, Khaing Hsu Wai, Xiqin Lu, Htoo Htoo Sandi Kyaw, and Wen-Chung Kao. "An Implementation of Element Fill-in-Blank Problems for Code Understanding Study of JavaScript-Based Web-Client Programming." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 12, no. 11 (2022): 1179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2022.12.11.1736.
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At present, web-client programming using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript is essential in web application systems to offer dynamic behaviors in web pages. With rich libraries and short coding features, it becomes common in developing user interfaces. However, the teaching course is not common in universities due to limited time. Therefore, self-study tools are strongly desired to promote it in societies. Previously, we have studied the programming learning assistant system (PLAS) as a programming self-study platform. In PLAS, among several types of programming problems, the element fill-in-blank problem (EFP) has been implemented for code understanding study of C and Java programming. In an EFP instance, the blank elements in a source code should be filled in with the proper words, where the correctness is checked by string matching. In this paper, we implement EFP for web-client programming in PLAS. In a web page, HTML and CSS define the components with tags in the document object model (DOM), and JavaScript offers their dynamic changes with libraries, which are blanked in EFP. Besides, a set of web page screenshots are given to help the solution. For evaluations, the generated 21 EFP instances were assigned to 20 master students in Okayama University. By analyzing their solution results, the effectiveness was confirmed for JavaScript programming learning.
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Meneses Chacón, Edxon Stiven, Julián Ernesto Jaramillo-Ibarra, and Elisabet Mas de les Valls. "Numerical analysis of the thermal and fluid dynamic behavior of the flue gases in a traditional furnace for panela production." INGE CUC 15, no. 1 (June 8, 2019): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.15.1.2019.12.
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Introduction: Panela is a product derived from sugar cane that is prepared using a traditional burner designed especially for this purpose. According to studies found in the literature, it was identified that the thermal efficiency of panela burners is 30% on average.
Objective: The objective of this investigation is to contribute to the search for new alternatives for the improvement of the low efficiency present on these systems, mainly affecting the flue gases duct.
Methodology: The development of this study is as follows: first, a research of the radiation and optical thickness effect in a simplified furnace is carried out. Afterward, a series of simulations with modifications in the design of the flue gas duct for a real size furnace are analyzed.
Results: The results showed that the radiation effect must be considered and, even though the optical thickness is low, it has a relevant impact in the heat transfer process due to the high temperatures in the furnace. A chaotic movement of the gases implied more heat transferred to the heaters and high values of Nusselt with the addition of new elements in the duct were obtained.
Conclusions: Arrangement 1, provides the best results with a Nusselt and thermal efficiency increase. No significant differences between the DOM and the P-1 radiation were found.
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Liu, Yushuo, Dahe Qin, Zizhen Jin, Yanzhao Li, Liang Xue, and Xiang Qin. "Dynamic Monitoring of Laohugou Glacier No. 12 with a Drone, West Qilian Mountains, West China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 14 (July 9, 2022): 3315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14143315.
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Laohugou glacier No. 12 (LHG12), located in the northeast of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, is the largest valley glacier in the Qilian mountains. Since 1957, LHG12 has shrunk significantly. Due to the limitations of in situ observations, simulations and investigations of LHG12 have higher levels of uncertainty. In this study, consumer-level, low-altitude microdrones were used to conduct repeated photogrammetry at the lower part of LHG12, and a digital orthophoto map (DOM) and a digital surface model (DSM) with a resolution at the centimeter scale were generated, from 2017 to 2021. The dynamic parameters of the glacier were detected by artificial and automatic extraction methods. Using a combination of GNSS and drone-based data, the dynamic process of LHG12 was analyzed. The results show that the terminus of LHG12 has retreated by 194.35 m in total and by 19.44 m a−1 on average during 2008–2021. The differential ablation leading to terminus retreat distance markedly increased during the study period. In 2019–2021, the maximum annual surface velocity was 6.50 cm day−1, and during ablation season, the maximum surface velocity was 13.59 cm day−1, 52.17% higher than it is annually. The surface parameters, motion, and mass balance characteristics of the glacier had significant differences between the west and east branches. The movement in the west branch is faster than it is in the east branch. Because of the extrusion of the two ice flows, there is a region with a faster surface velocity at the ablation area. The ice thickness of LHG12 is decreasing due to intensified ablation, leading to a deceleration in the surface velocity. In large glaciers, this phenomenon is more obvious than it is in small glaciers in the Qilian mountains.
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Xu, Wu Jian, Hao Sheng, Chen Lou, and Hui Jie Zhao. "The Gray Processing of Moon Digital Orthophoto Map." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 2113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.2113.
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Considering the mosaic result of the lunar DOM (Digital Orthophoto Map) produced by China's “CE-1” satellite, there usually exists a sharp gray jump beside the joining line. As to a strip image, the gray distribution may be uneven because of the light changing or position difference during photographing. To solve these matters, a method was proposed which is based on dynamic rules to detect the best joining line, and then stretch image according to its gray histogram. By making the pixels around boundary to change gradually, the joining line will finally be invisible. In order to solve the uneven gray distribution problems causing by imaging angle, light condition and other factors, a homogenization technology based on statistics of gray distribution was proposed. Using statistical information of the bands’ longitudinal changes to united the gray level to a defaulted range. The experimental results show that the method of this paper can make the integral gray level become even, the transition become more gently, and visual effect become more natural.
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Yuan, X., X. Wang, X. Ding, X. Wu, A. Dou, and S. Wang. "PRELIMINARY STUDY ON EARTHQUAKE SURFACE RUPTURE EXTRACTION FROM UAV IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 2191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2191-2018.
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Because of the advantages of low-cost, lightweight and photography under the cloud, UAVs have been widely used in the field of seismic geomorphology research in recent years. Earthquake surface rupture is a typical seismic tectonic geomorphology that reflects the dynamic and kinematic characteristics of crustal movement. The quick identification of earthquake surface rupture is of great significance for understanding the mechanism of earthquake occurrence, disasters distribution and scale. Using integrated differential UAV platform, series images were acquired with accuracy POS around the former urban area (Qushan town) of Beichuan County as the area stricken seriously by the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake. Based on the multi-view 3D reconstruction technique, the high resolution DSM and DOM are obtained from differential UAV images. Through the shade-relief map and aspect map derived from DSM, the earthquake surface rupture is extracted and analyzed. The results show that the surface rupture can still be identified by using the UAV images although the time of earthquake elapse is longer, whose middle segment is characterized by vertical movement caused by compression deformation from fault planes.
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Asghari, A., S. A. Gandjalikhan Nassab, and A. B. Ansari. "Numerical Study of Combined Radiation and Turbulent Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in a Compartment Containing Participating Media." Journal of Mechanics 31, no. 4 (August 2015): 467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2015.24.
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AbstractThe effect of radiation on turbulent mixed convection flow, generated by two plane wall jets with different temperatures inside a cavity was studied numerically. The medium is treated as a gray, absorbing, emitting and scattering. The two-dimensional Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes equations, coupled with the energy equation are solved by using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques, while the AKN low-Reynolds-number model is employed for computation of turbulence fluctuations. The Boussinesq approximation is used to calculate the buoyancy term, and the radiation part of the problem is solved by numerical solution of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) with the well known discrete ordinate method (DOM). The governing equations are discretized by the finite volume technique into algebraic equations and solved with the SIMPLE algorithm. The effects of radiation conduction parameter, scattering albedo, optical thickness and Richardson number on the thermal behavior of the system are carried out. Results show that the gas radiation has a significant effect on the temperature distribution inside the turbulent mixed convection flow.
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Chang, Ning, Zelong Yuan, Yunpeng Wang, and Jianchun Wang. "The effect of filter anisotropy on the large eddy simulation of turbulence." Physics of Fluids 35, no. 3 (March 2023): 035134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0142643.
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We study the effect of filter anisotropy and sub-filter scale (SFS) dynamics on the accuracy of large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulence, by using several types of SFS models including the dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM), dynamic mixed model (DMM), and the direct deconvolution model (DDM) with the anisotropic filter. The aspect ratios (AR) of the filters for LES range from 1 to 16. We show that the DDM is capable of predicting SFS stresses accurately at highly anisotropic filter. In the a priori study, the correlation coefficients of SFS stress reconstructed by the DDM are over 90%, which are much larger than those of the DSM and DMM models. The correlation coefficients decrease as the AR increases. In the a posteriori studies, the DDM outperforms DSM and DMM models in the prediction of various turbulence statistics, including the velocity spectra, and probability density functions of the vorticity, SFS energy flux, velocity increments, strain-rate tensors and SFS stress. As the anisotropy increases, the results of DSM and DMM become worse, but DDM can give satisfactory results for all the filter-anisotropy cases. These results indicate that the DDM framework is a promising tool in developing advanced SFS models in the LES of turbulence in the presence of anisotropic filter.
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Lapkina, Anna Vadimovna, and Andrew Alexandrovitch Petukhov. "HTTP-Request Classification in Automatic Web Application Crawling." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 33, no. 3 (2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2021-33(3)-6.
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The problem of automatic requests classification, as well as the problem of determining the routing rules for the requests on the server side, is directly connected with analysis of the user interface of dynamic web pages. This problem can be solved at the browser level, since it contains complete information about possible requests arising from interaction interaction between the user and the web application. In this paper, in order to extract the classification features, using data from the request execution context in the web client is suggested. A request context or a request trace is a collection of additional identification data that can be obtained by observing the web page JavaScript code execution or the user interface elements changes as a result of the interface elements activation. Such data, for example, include the position and the style of the element that caused the client request, the JavaScript function call stack, and the changes in the page's DOM tree after the request was initialized. In this study the implementation of the Chrome Developer Tools Protocol is used to solve the problem at the browser level and to automate the request trace selection.
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Chang, Ning, Zelong Yuan, and Jianchun Wang. "The effect of sub-filter scale dynamics in large eddy simulation of turbulence." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 9 (September 2022): 095104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0098925.
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We study the effect of sub-filter scale (SFS) dynamics on the accuracy of direct deconvolution models (DDM) in large eddy simulation of isotropic turbulence at different filter-to-grid ratios (FGR), by using several types of invertible filters including the Gaussian, Helmholtz I and II, Butterworth, Chebyshev I and II, Cauchy, Pao, and rapidly decaying filters. We show that the FGR is crucial in controlling errors to ensure an accurate prediction of SFS stresses. In the case of FGR of 1, the DDM models cannot accurately reconstruct SFS stress, since the effect of SFS dynamics on SFS stress is not properly resolved by the coarse grid. The prediction abilities of most DDM models are significantly improved at FGR of 2, giving rise to quite an accurate reconstruction of SFS stresses, except for the situation of Helmholtz I and II filters. All the DDM models give very accurate results at FGR of 4. Moreover, the DDM models are comprehensively compared against various traditional SFS models, including the velocity gradient model, dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM), dynamic mixed model (DMM), and the approximate deconvolution model. In the a priori study, the correlation coefficients of SFS stress for the DDM are much larger than those of the traditional models. In the a posteriori study, DDM outperforms DSM and DMM models in the prediction of various velocity statistics and instantaneous flow structures. These results indicate that the DDM framework with an appropriate FGR has much potential in developing high-fidelity SFS models in the LES of turbulence.
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Littlefair, Cara A., Suzanne E. Tank, and Steven V. Kokelj. "Retrogressive thaw slumps temper dissolved organic carbon delivery to streams of the Peel Plateau, NWT, Canada." Biogeosciences 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2017): 5487–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5487-2017.
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Abstract. In Siberia and Alaska, permafrost thaw has been associated with significant increases in the delivery of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to recipient stream ecosystems. Here, we examine the effect of retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) on DOC concentration and transport, using data from eight RTS features on the Peel Plateau, NWT, Canada. Like extensive regions of northwestern Canada, the Peel Plateau is comprised of thick, ice-rich tills that were deposited at the margins of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. RTS features are now widespread in this region, with headwall exposures up to 30 m high and total disturbed areas often exceeding 20 ha. We find that intensive slumping on the Peel Plateau is universally associated with decreasing DOC concentrations downstream of slumps, even though the composition of slump-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM; assessed using specific UV absorbance and slope ratios) is similar to permafrost-derived DOM from other regions. Comparisons of upstream and downstream DOC flux relative to fluxes of total suspended solids suggest that the substantial fine-grained sediments released by RTS features may sequester DOC. Runoff obtained directly from slump rill water, above entry into recipient streams, indicates that the deepest RTS features, which thaw the greatest extent of buried, Pleistocene-aged glacial tills, release low-concentration DOC when compared to paired upstream, undisturbed locations, while shallower features, with exposures that are more limited to a relict Holocene active layer, have within-slump DOC concentrations more similar to upstream sites. Finally, fine-scale work at a single RTS site indicates that temperature and precipitation serve as primary environmental controls on above-slump and below-slump DOC flux, but it also shows that the relationship between climatic parameters and DOC flux is complex for these dynamic thermokarst features. These results demonstrate that we should expect clear variation in thermokarst-associated DOC mobilization across Arctic regions. However, they also show that within-region variation in thermokarst intensity and landscape composition is critical for determining the biogeochemical response. Geological and climate legacy shape the physical and chemical composition of permafrost and thermokarst potential. As such, these factors must be considered in predictions of land-to-water carbon mobilization in a warming Arctic.
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Zhang, Guo, Jingyin Wang, Yonghua Jiang, Ping Zhou, Yanbin Zhao, and Yi Xu. "On-Orbit Geometric Calibration and Validation of Luojia 1-01 Night-Light Satellite." Remote Sensing 11, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030264.
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The Luojia 1-01 Satellite (LJ1-01) is the first professional night-light remote-sensing satellite in China, and thus, it is of pioneering significance for the development of night-light remote sensing satellites in China and the application of remote sensing in the social and economic fields. To ensure the application of night-light remote-sensing data, several studies concerning on-orbit geometric calibration and accuracy verification have been carried out for the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) rolling shutter camera of LJ1-01 since the launch of the satellite. Owing to the lack of high-precision nightlight geometric reference at home and abroad, it is difficult to directly calibrate the nighttime light image of LJ1-01. Based on the principle of rolling shutter dynamic imaging, a rigorous geometric imaging model of the time-sharing exposure of the rolling shutter of LJ1-01 is established, and a geometric calibration method for daytime imaging calibration and compensated nighttime light data is proposed. The global public Landsat digital orthophoto image (DOM) with a 15-m resolution and 90-m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model (SRTM-DEM) are used as control data. The images obtained in England, Venezuela, Caracas, Damascus, and Torreon (Mexico) were selected as experimental data. The on-orbit calibration and accuracy verification of LJ1-01 were carried out. Experiments show that after on-orbit geometric calibration, the daytime calibration parameters can effectively compensate for the systematic errors of night-light images. After compensation, the positioning accuracy of night-light images without geometric control points (GCPs) is improved from nearly 20 km to less than 0.65 km. The internal accuracy of the calibrated night-light images is better than 0.3 pixels, which satisfies the requirement of subsequent applications.
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Chi, Yi Tao, Ping Guo, Hao Jiang Gao, Xiu Bao Zhang, and Zhi Guang Zhang. "Automatic Batch Extraction of Specific Content of HTML Based on Tag Locations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 3826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.3826.
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HTML is utilized widely in web information description and exhibition. Although new technologies continue appearing during the HTML history, the basic structure and principal of HTML remains the same and HTML is still an important part for tasks such as web development and even dynamic page exhibition. We currently have mainly two types of parsers for HTML, SAX and DOM. The problem is that, the former is driven by parsing events but can only access the nodes sequentially with a slow speed, and the latter should load the whole document into memory and will consume a lot of space. In order to solve such problem, we proposed an automatic batch extraction method for specific content of HTML based on tag locations. The extraction process can be divided to two main steps, the first step is locating the start and end positions of HTML tags, the second step is finding the desired content based on the location of tags and corresponding attribute information. The first step is the core of the whole process. An example of extraction of specific content of a search result page verifies the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm can be further used for advanced tasks such as data mining and knowledge base establishment.
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Juhls, Bennet, Pier Paul Overduin, Jens Hölemann, Martin Hieronymi, Atsushi Matsuoka, Birgit Heim, and Jürgen Fischer. "Dissolved organic matter at the fluvial–marine transition in the Laptev Sea using in situ data and ocean colour remote sensing." Biogeosciences 16, no. 13 (July 11, 2019): 2693–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2693-2019.
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Abstract. River water is the main source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Arctic Ocean. DOC plays an important role in the Arctic carbon cycle, and its export from land to sea is expected to increase as ongoing climate change accelerates permafrost thaw. However, transport pathways and transformation of DOC in the land-to-ocean transition are mostly unknown. We collected DOC and aCDOM(λ) samples from 11 expeditions to river, coastal and offshore waters and present a new DOC–aCDOM(λ) model for the fluvial–marine transition zone in the Laptev Sea. The aCDOM(λ) characteristics revealed that the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in samples of this dataset are primarily of terrigenous origin. Observed changes in aCDOM(443) and its spectral slopes indicate that DOM is modified by microbial and photo-degradation. Ocean colour remote sensing (OCRS) provides the absorption coefficient of coloured dissolved organic matter (aCDOM(λ)sat) at λ=440 or 443 nm, which can be used to estimate DOC concentration at high temporal and spatial resolution over large regions. We tested the statistical performance of five OCRS algorithms and evaluated the plausibility of the spatial distribution of derived aCDOM(λ)sat. The OLCI (Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument) neural network swarm (ONNS) algorithm showed the best performance compared to in situ aCDOM(440) (r2=0.72). Additionally, we found ONNS-derived aCDOM(440), in contrast to other algorithms, to be partly independent of sediment concentration, making ONNS the most suitable aCDOM(λ)sat algorithm for the Laptev Sea region. The DOC–aCDOM(λ) model was applied to ONNS-derived aCDOM(440), and retrieved DOC concentration maps showed moderate agreement to in situ data (r2=0.53). The in situ and satellite-retrieved data were offset by up to several days, which may partly explain the weak correlation for this dynamic region. Satellite-derived surface water DOC concentration maps from Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) satellite data demonstrate rapid removal of DOC within short time periods in coastal waters of the Laptev Sea, which is likely caused by physical mixing and different types of degradation processes. Using samples from all occurring water types leads to a more robust DOC–aCDOM(λ) model for the retrievals of DOC in Arctic shelf and river waters.
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Kirar, Deepak Singh, Pradeep Jain, and Pallav Patni. "Comparison of different irrigation and agitation methods for the removal of two types of calcium hydroxide medicaments from the root canal wall: An in-vitro study." Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 90, no. 3 (July 25, 2017): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-737.
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Background and aim: Comparison of different irrigation and agitation methods for the removal of two types of calcium hydroxide medicaments from the root canal walls.Methods: Fifty extracted single rooted teeth were selected for this study. After decoronation, the root canals of these teeth were prepared to the size F3 (30 no.) using rotary ProTaper file system. These samples were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (n=20) were filled completely with water based calcium hydroxide (CH), Group 2 (n=20) were filled with oil based CH using lentulo spiral, Group 3 (n=5) - the positive control group received the CH as intracanal medication, but no subsequent removal, Group 4 (n=5) - the negative control did not receive CH placement. Further on, Group 1 and Group 2 were divided into four sub-groups (n=5). In sub-group A we performed conventional syringe irrigation with side-vented needle sub-group B) manual dynamic agitation, sub-group C sonic agitation using endoactivator, sub-group D passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Roots were split longitudinally into mesial and distal halves. Digital images of the root canal walls were acquired by a Dental Operating Microscope (DOM) and assessed by using a scoring criteria at different thirds (coronal, middle and apical) of the root canal as follows: score 1, score 2, score 3, and score 4. Data were analyzed applying one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests at a 95% confidence interval (P < 0.05).Results: Statistically significant differences were not found between the experimental groups and the negative group in any one third of the root canal (P>0.05). However, a difference did exist between the experimental groups and the positive control group (P<0.05). None of the experimental groups totally removed CH substances from root canal walls.Conclusion: Among all experimental groups, removal of CH was best achieved by sonic agitation using endoactivator followed by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), manual dynamic agitation and conventional syringe irrigation with side-vented needle.