Journal articles: 'Dog faeces'

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GURLER, Ali Tumay, Cenk Soner BOLUKBAS, Aytac AKCAY, Gokmen Zafer PEKMEZCI, MUSTAFA AÇICI, and Şinasi Umur. "Role of cat and dog faeces in the contamination of sand playgrounds in public parks by Toxocara spp." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, no. 08 (2020): 6436–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6436.

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Toxocariasis is one of the most important parasitic zoonoses affecting human health. The main source of toxocariasis in humans is dog and cat faeces, which are primarily responsible for the contamination of urban areas with Toxocara spp. eggs. In this study, the relationship between dog or/and cat faeces and contamination of sand playgrounds in public parks with Toxocara spp. eggs was investigated. A total of 596 sand and 276 faecal samples (148 dog and 128 cat faeces samples) were collected from 52 public parks in Samsun. Toxocara spp. eggs were identified in 7% of sand samples, 33% of cat faeces samples and 9.5% and dog faeces samples. A positive correlation was found between the presence of faeces and the contamination of sand samples. The incidence of sand contamination was increased 8.3 times if a park contained dog or/and cat faeces, and the incidence was much greater if the faeces were infected with Toxocara spp. ova. Cat faeces had a greater effect on the contamination of sand than did dog faeces. The risk was 12.5 and 27 times greater if a park contained only cat faeces and infected cat faeces, respectively. However, no Toxocara spp. eggs were found in sand samples from parks that contained only dog faeces.

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Sherlock, Caoimhe, Celia V. Holland, and Jason D. Keegan. "Caring for Canines: A Survey of Dog Ownership and Parasite Control Practices in Ireland." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020090.

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Dogs are an important part of life for many people. Dog ownership can confer various health benefits to their owners, but it also presents some risks. In order to establish if dog owners were aware of these risks, an online survey of dog ownership practices was carried out. The survey was open during the month of January 2022 and received 662 responses regarding 850 individual dogs. Overall, 52% of people reported deworming their dog between zero and twice a year, which is unlikely to reduce the risk of infection to humans. The majority of dog owners (71%) reported disposing of faeces correctly; however, when comparing urban and rural environments, 33% of those in rural environments did not dispose of their dogs’ faeces at all, compared with 3% of people in urban locations. People who obtained their dog during the pandemic brought their dog to the vet and dewormed them more frequently than those who obtained their dog before the pandemic. There were no differences in how faeces was disposed of between these groups. These results indicate that we, as researchers and veterinarians, have much work to do in terms of educating dog owners about the ways in which we can reduce the risk of infection to ourselves and our communities.

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Magnaval, J. F., C. Boucher, B. Morassin, F. Raoul, F. Raoul, C. Duranton, P. Jacquiet, P. Giraudoux, D. A. Vuitton, and R. Piarroux. "Epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis in southern Cantal, Auvergne region, France." Journal of Helminthology 78, no. 3 (September 2004): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2004242.

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AbstractAlveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a helminth zoonosis which is encountered only in the northern hemisphere. In central France, the Auvergne region represents the most western and southern extension of this helminthiasis. In 1999, a human case of AE was diagnosed in the southern part of the Cantal department, where AE was supposed absent, and an epidemiological survey was subsequently carried out. The transmission of the zoonosis in the sylvatic and peridomestic definitive hosts was studied, as well as that in the rodent and human intermediate hosts. Eleven red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were shot, and 50 fox faecal deposits were collected. Twelve farm dogs had their faeces taken by rectal touch, and four were checked after arecoline purgation. Optical detection ofEchinococcus multilocularisworms was achieved on fox intestines after scraping, and also on dog stools after arecoline therapy. Coproantigen ELISA assay was performed for the 11 scraping products, for the 50 fox faeces, and for the 12 dog faecal samples. No adult AE agent was observed by microscopy, and the ELISA assay yielded positive results in one of 11 fox intestines, one of 50 fox faeces, and 2 of 12 dog faecal samples. Twenty-five small mammals were trapped, of which 19 wereArvicola terrestriswater voles. One rodent liver exhibited a hepatic lesion consistent with AE. An epidemiological questionnaire was completed in 85 human volunteers, who were also serologically tested for AE. Only one (the case's husband) exhibited a Western-blotting pattern indicative of a low-grade AE infection. The results of this preliminary study suggested a slow AE extension to the south of Cantal department from the northern focus.

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Figura, Natale. "Campylobacter spp isolated from dog faeces." Lancet 338, no. 8779 (November 1991): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)92286-b.

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Papini, R., E. Campisi, E. Faggi, G. Pini, and F. Mancianti. "Prevalence of Toxocara canis eggs in dog faeces from public places of Florence, Italy." Helminthologia 49, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-012-0031-0.

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AbstractTo determine whether canine faecal contamination may represent a source of environmental contamination with Toxocara canis eggs within the urban area of Florence, a total number of 754 dog faeces were collected in 7 public places and examined by routine floatation technique during one-year period. The total prevalence of intestinal nematode eggs was 8.6 %. Trichuris vulpis (4.6 %) eggs were the most prevalent followed by T. canis (3.6 %) and Ancylostomidae (1.7 %) eggs. Mixed infections included T. canis/T. vulpis (0.7 %), Ancylostomidae/T. canis (0.4 %), and Ancylosto-midae/T. vulpis (0.3 %). Total prevalence of intestinal nematode eggs was significantly higher in spring than in winter (OR = 2.06). Our results indicate a low prevalence of T. canis eggs suggesting that dog faeces left on soil are unlikely to cause high environmental contamination with T. canis eggs in the town of Florence.

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Vernerová, Eva, Nela Dvořáková, Vlasta Svobodová, and Jiří Bureš. "Factors affecting the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites and lungworm in dogs and assessment of antiparasitic drug use patterns." Acta Veterinaria Brno 91, no. 2 (2022): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202291020171.

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Dogs are hosts of parasites with different pathogenicities and zoonotic risks. The aim of our study was to assess factors that could affect the occurrence of endoparasitic infections in dogs using questionnaires for owners and examining canine faeces. Based on the responses of dog owners, we evaluated ways of the preventive and therapeutic use of antiparasitic drugs. One faecal sample was obtained from each dog (391 samples total), and then examined by flotation, larvoscopic, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. We focused on zoonotic tapeworms Echinococcus multilocularis and Taenia crassiceps. The answers in the dog owners’ questionnaires showed that owners most often dewormed their dogs irregularly (96.4%), namely, twice a year (24.3%). In coprological examinations the following parasites were detected: Giardia spp., Cystoisospora ohioensis complex, Neospora caninum/Hammondia heydorni, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Capillaria spp., Trichuris spp., Angiostrongylus vasorum, Crenosoma vulpis, Ancylostoma spp. and Taenia spp. A total of 4 out of 391 PCR investigated samples of faeces were positive for DNA of Taenia species. Sequences were obtained for 3 of them, confirming 100% identity with T. crassiceps. The zoonotic helminths Toxocara canis were the more prevalent species (9.3%, 4.3%, 1.9% group A, B, C). We consider the presence of T. crassiceps in 3 dog faecal samples to be serious due to its zoonotic potential. Data collected within this study showed that the prevention against endoparasites carried out at the breeders’ discretion is insufficient to ensure the health of their dogs or to cover the risk of zoonotic transmission.

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McGarry, J. "Identification of Cheyletiella eggs in dog faeces." Veterinary Record 132, no. 14 (April 3, 1993): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.132.14.359.

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Wallis, J. L., and H. D. Taylor. "Phenotypic population characteristics of the enterococci in wastewater and animal faeces: implications for the new European directive on the quality of bathing waters." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 3 (February 1, 2003): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0152.

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Faecal pollution of recreational bathing waters may derive from point sources of various wastewaters or from more diffuse sources such as run-off of agricultural wastes. The paper describes the application of population similarity studies to the enterococcal flora of various animal faeces and municipal wastewaters as a means of distinguishing human from animal faecal material. A simplified phenotypic testing technique (PhenePlate, PhP) was used to study the fermentation kinetics of eleven carbohydrates by all bacterial isolates. Enterococcal isolates (1,766) from six sources were investigated. Enterococcal population diversity (measured as Simpson's Diversity Index) in wastewater samples was high (mean Di = 0.95) compared with those of non-human faeces. The mean diversity of isolates in seabird faeces was 0.72, in sheep and donkey faeces 0.44, in dog faeces 0.42 and in cattle faeces 0.32. Analysis of population similarity coefficients demonstrated that faeces from sheep and cattle showed the greatest similarity (Sp = 0.72). Sheep and cattle faeces demonstrated a low similarity to municipal wastewater samples. This would suggest that population similarity studies might be a useful tool for distinguishing the relative contributions of municipal wastewater and agricultural run-off to bathing water pollution. The PhP procedure identified a specific PhP type that appears to have high specificity to non-human faeces. It may, therefore, represent an important tool in source tracking. Additional phenotypic and genotypic analysis of PhP types that demonstrate a high degree of source specificity is required. The benefits and limitations of the use of population similarity studies to distinguish pollution sources are discussed in comparison with other source tracking approaches and the implications of these developments for future European Union legislation on the quality of bathing waters are discussed.

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Hesta, M., S. Arnouts, and G. P. J. Janssens. "Dietary supplementation of coated butyrate in healthy dogs: effect on apparent digestibility, faecal flora and faecal volatile fatty acids." Veterinární Medicína 53, No. 3 (March 18, 2008): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1941-vetmed.

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The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary addition of coated butyrate on gut health related faecal traits in dogs. A food with or without coated butyrate was tested in a crossover study with 17 dogs. Faecal samples were collected and frozen until analysis for proximate components. Fresh faecal samples were collected for bacterial culturing and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) analysis. The addition of coated butyrate to a dog diet had neither effect on faecal consistency score, dry matter content and faecal production nor on digestibility coefficients. Absolute and relative faecal contents of SCFA were not different for the two foods. The bacterial nitrogen (N) content of the faeces was significantly lower after butyrate addition compared to the control diet. In conclusion, the addition of butyrate to a dog food had no effect on faecal characteristics but the faecal bacterial protein content was significantly reduced by butyrate addition.

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Gray, Jessica, Nicole Masters, Aaron Wiegand, and Mohammad Katouli. "Field assessment of horse-associated genetic markers HoF597 and mtCytb for detecting the source of contamination in surface waters." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 66, no. 11 (November 2020): 623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2019-0499.

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We investigated the specificity and sensitivity of two horse-associated markers, HoF597 and Horse mtCytb, and 12 mitochondrial and bacterial markers of six animal species (human, cow, pig, bird, dog, chicken) in the faecal samples of 50 individual horses. Both horse markers were detected in 48 (96%) faecal samples. Cross-reactivity with dog (BacCan545) and pig (P23-2) occurred in 88% and 72% of horse faecal samples, respectively. Several other bacterial and mitochondrial markers of non-target hosts were also detected; however, their specificities were >80%. Analyses of samples from surface waters (n = 11) on or adjacent to properties from which horse faecal samples had been collected showed only the presence of HoF597 but not horse mitochondrial marker. Our data suggest that while bacterial and (or) mitochondrial markers of other animal species may be present in horse faeces, dog and pig markers may predominantly be present in horse faecal samples, which points to their nonspecificity as markers for microbial source tracking. Although HoF597 and Horse mtCytb are highly sensitive and specific for the detection of horse faecal pollution, because of their low numbers, mitochondrial (mtDNA) markers may not be robust for screening surface waters.

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SMITH, A. F., M. ROCK, N. NEUMANN, and A. MASSOLO. "Urban park-related risks forGiardiaspp. infection in dogs." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 15 (April 13, 2015): 3277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815000400.

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SUMMARYGiardiaspp. is a common gastrointestinal (GI) parasite of multiple host species, including dogs and humans, with the potential for zoonotic transmission. The risk of GI parasitism in dogs (includingGiardiaspp.) may increase with park use in urban areas. This study aimed to (1) determine whether park attendance is a risk factor forGiardiaspp. infection in dogs and (2) characterize the behavioural and demographic risk factors forGiardiaspp. infection in park-attending and non-park-attending dogs. From August to September 2012, a total of 1293 dog owners completed a survey and 860 corresponding dog faecal samples were collected. Dog faeces were screened forGiardiaspp. using a direct immunofluorescence assay and associations assessed among behaviours, demographics, andGiardiaspp. infection. Main results included off-leash and swimming frequencies within parks as significantly positively associated withGiardiaspp. infection in dogs. Dog-owner age was negatively associated with off-leash and swimming frequencies in parks. The results suggest some recreational behaviours in parks and certain demographics are risk factors for parasitism in pet dogs.

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Greetham, Hazel L., Matthew D. Collins, Glenn R. Gibson, Catriona Giffard, Enevold Falsen, and Paul A. Lawson. "Sutterella stercoricanis sp. nov., isolated from canine faeces." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 1581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63098-0.

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Morphological, biochemical and molecular genetic studies were carried out on an unknown non-spore-forming, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which was isolated from dog faeces. The bacterium grew under anaerobic conditions, was asaccharolytic, resistant to 20 % (v/v) bile and was oxidase- and urease-negative. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the unidentified bacterium clustered with Sutterella wadsworthensis, although a sequence divergence of >5 % indicated that the bacterium from dog faeces represented a previously unrecognized subline within the genus. On the basis of the presented findings, a novel species, Sutterella stercoricanis sp. nov., is described. The type strain of Sutterella stercoricanis is 5BAC4T (=CCUG 47620T=CIP 108024T).

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Ludji Pau, Putri F., Yohanes T. R. M. R. Simarmata, and Ni Made Restiati. "LAPORAN KASUS : PENANGANAN OBSTRUKSI USUS PADA ANJING DI BALI VETERINARY CLINIC." JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v9i1.3899.

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A local breed dog was brought to the veterinary clinic with signs of vomiting and decreased appetite. Physical examination revealed a pale mucosa of the eye and nose, 2 seconds of CRT, abdomen distention and stiffness. A haematology examination indicated WBC drop into 4.9, lymphocyte into 5.4, MCV to into 55.42 and Plate Distribusi Wide 8.1. The X-ray test showed the presence of an unknown mass around the intestine. Therefore, the dog was then diagnosed with intestinal obstruction. A laparotomy exploration with an enterotomy technique was performed to treat the condition. The surgery procedure found a mass of stone-like faeces that also consist of a mix of grass. The stone-like faeces were then removed from the intestine. Post-surgery monitoring was performed routinely and the dog received Cefotaxime Sodium (Claforan®) 22 mg/kg, Odansentron HCl (Zofran®) 0.2 mg/kg, Sucralfate (Carafate®) 0.8 gram, Lactulose (Cephulac®) 25 mL, Dexamethasone (Dexasone®) 1 mg/kg, Diphenhydramine HCl (Benadryl®) 3mg/kg, along with antiseptic treatment for the surgical incision. 3 days after the operation the dog began to show signs of recovery where the dog appeared to start moving and showed the desire to eat food. This condition can be prevented by not giving the dog food that bones. Lastly, the dog should be only released in a safe and knowledgeable environment.

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Lawson, J. R., and M. A. Gemmell. "Transmission of taeniid tapeworm eggs via blowflies to intermediate hosts." Parasitology 100, no. 1 (February 1990): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000060224.

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SummaryExperiments showed that dead blowflies containing eggs of Taenia hydatigena can transmit infection if ingested by lambs during grazing. Rabbits became infected with T. pisiformis after grazing grass exposed to blowflies that had been in contact with dog faeces containing the eggs of this parasite. When captive blowflies were exposed first to dog faeces containing proglottids of T. hydatigena and then to cooked meat, 100% of pigs fed on this meat became infected. The experiments are intended to model the transmission dynamics that result in human larval tapeworm infections. The implications of the results to the epidemiology of human hydatid diseases caused by Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis as well as of T. solium cysticercosis are discussed.

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Aydenizöz Özkayhan, M. "Soil contamination with ascarid eggs in playgrounds in Kirikkale, Turkey." Journal of Helminthology 80, no. 1 (March 2006): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2005311.

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AbstractContamination of soil with feline and canine ascarid eggs in eight playgrounds in Kırıkkale, Turkey was investigated monthly from February 2003 to January 2004. Dog faeces were also collected and all samples were examined using the zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation method. Eggs of Toxocara were observed in 5 of 8 (62.5%) of playgrounds examined and in 15.6% of 480 soil samples. The number of eggs varied from 1 to 11. Eggs were observed in soil samples collected in February, March to June, August and November, with embryonated eggs appearing in June and August. Eggs of Toxascaris leonina and Taenia spp. and oocysts of Isospora spp. were also found in 1.5%, 1.0% and 0.2% of soil samples, respectively. Of 26 samples of dog faeces collected, 7.7% were contaminated with Toxocara spp. and 11.5% with Taenia spp. The presence of Toxocara eggs in the city playgrounds and dog populations suggests a potential human health hazard due to toxocariasis.

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Arandjelovic, Mimi, Richard A. Bergl, Romanus Ikfuingei, Christopher Jameson, Megan Parker, and Linda Vigilant. "Detection dog efficacy for collecting faecal samples from the critically endangered Cross River gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla diehli ) for genetic censusing." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 2 (February 2015): 140423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140423.

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Population estimates using genetic capture–recapture methods from non-invasively collected wildlife samples are more accurate and precise than those obtained from traditional methods when detection and resampling rates are high. Recently, detection dogs have been increasingly used to find elusive species and their by-products. Here we compared the effectiveness of dog- and human-directed searches for Cross River gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla diehli ) faeces at two sites. The critically endangered Cross River gorilla inhabits a region of high biodiversity and endemism on the border between Nigeria and Cameroon. The rugged highland terrain and their cryptic behaviour make them difficult to study and a precise population size for the subspecies is still lacking. Dog-directed surveys located more fresh faeces with less bias than human-directed survey teams. This produced a more reliable population estimate, although of modest precision given the small scale of this pilot study. Unfortunately, the considerable costs associated with use of the United States-based detection dog teams make the use of these teams financially unfeasible for a larger, more comprehensive survey. To realize the full potential of dog-directed surveys and increase cost-effectiveness, we recommend basing dog-detection teams in the countries where they will operate and expanding the targets the dogs are trained to detect.

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Naser, Sabri M., Marc Vancanneyt, Evelyne De Graef, Luc A. Devriese, Cindy Snauwaert, Karen Lefebvre, Bart Hoste, et al. "Enterococcus canintestini sp. nov., from faecal samples of healthy dogs." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 2177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63752-0.

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The taxonomic position of strain LMG 13590T, originally isolated from dog faeces and classified as Enterococcus dispar in the BCCM/LMG Bacteria Catalogue, was reinvestigated. This strain and 12 recent isolates from faecal samples of healthy dogs occupied a clearly separate position when investigated with multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the genes encoding the alpha subunit of ATP synthase (atpA), RNA polymerase alpha subunit (rpoA) and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase alpha subunit (pheS). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of one representative strain showed highest similarities of 98–99 % with E. dispar LMG 13521T, Enterococcus canis LMG 12316T and Enterococcus asini LMG 18727T. A further polyphasic taxonomic study based on whole-cell protein fingerprinting, DNA–DNA hybridization and biochemical features demonstrated that the 13 enterococcal dog faecal strains represent a single, novel Enterococcus species for which the name Enterococcus canintestini sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMG 13590T (=CCM 7285T).

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Mantaeva, S. Sh, I. A. Bittirov, and A. M. Bittirov. "Monitoring of the Trematode Metorchis Albidus (Braun, 1893), the Causative Agent of Methorchosis, as a Threat to Habitat and Health Domestic Canines and Humans in the Southern Regions of Russia." BIO Web of Conferences 63 (2023): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236305003.

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The goal is to monitor human methorchiasis and carnivores as an epidemic and sanitary and hygienic threat to the population of the southern subject of the Russian Federation.When analyzing materials on the incidence of methorchosis in dogs of the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, it turned out that in 12 districts the incidence rate of methorchosis in dogs varied from 5.6 to 15.9%. The gradation of the abundance index of trematode Metorchis albidus eggs in dog feces ranged from 2.9t0.5 to 7.070.8 ind. in 1 g of faeces, on average, 4.9400.65 ind. per 1 g of faeces, which can provide a high level of soil contamination with eggs. In general, in the Kabardino-Balkaria, the epidemiological situation of dog methorchosis can be classified as relatively unfavorable.

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Hill, Richard C., Colin F. Burrows, Gary W. Ellison, Mark D. Finke, Jennifer L. Huntington, and John E. Bauer. "Water content of faeces is higher in the afternoon than in the morning in morning-fed dogs fed diets containing texturised vegetable protein from soya." British Journal of Nutrition 106, S1 (October 12, 2011): S202—S205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511000833.

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Faecal moisture content can determine whether faeces appear soft or firm, and faecal character can influence whether owners are satisfied with a dog food. In a previous study, dogs appeared to produce softer faeces after noon. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether time of defecation affected canine faecal water content. A total of eight hound dogs were fed one of four canned diets as a single meal each morning for 1 week per diet in a Latin square design. All four diets contained approximately 77 % moisture and, on a DM basis, 24 MJ/kg gross energy, 23 % crude protein, 32 % crude fat, 31 % N-free extract and 1 % crude fibre. The proportion of dietary protein from soya-derived texturised vegetable protein (TVP):beef was 0:100, 14:86, 29:71 and 57:43, respectively. Soya carbohydrate partially replaced maize starch as TVP increased. Faeces were collected by direct catch during the sixth morning and afternoon of each diet period. Mean faecal moisture content was greater in the afternoon than in the morning (79 v. 71 %; P = 0·01) and increased with dietary TVP (P ≤ 0·0001), and there was an interaction between time of day and percentage TVP (P = 0·003). Faecal moisture content differed from morning to afternoon only with TVP in the diet. Faecal wet weight was similar from morning to afternoon. This suggests that time of day and presence of TVP from soya should be taken into account when evaluating the effect of a diet on faecal form and moisture content in dogs fed once daily.

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Szabová, E., P. Juriš, M. Miterpáková, D. Antolová, I. Papajová, and H. Šefčíková. "Prevalence of important zoonotic parasites in dog populations from the Slovak Republic." Helminthologia 44, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-007-0027-3.

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AbstractDogs serve as the vectors of serious parasitic diseases with a zoonotic character. In a one-year-study, we collected and examined 752 faeces of dogs. In these faecal samples, 11 different species of intestinal endoparasites were detected, as follows: Toxocara spp. eggs (21.9 %), eggs from the family Ancylostomatidae (18.4 %), coccidia oocysts (10.4 %), eggs of Trichuris spp. (10.0 %), Toxascaris leonina (7.3 %), Capillaria spp. (5.9 %), Taenia type eggs (3.2 %) and Giardia spp. cysts (1.6 %). Echinococcus multilocularis was detected in one sample. Toxocara spp. eggs were dominant in all dog categories, but in hunting dogs they occurred at the highest rate (45.1 %). Faecal samples of dogs from rural ecosystems showed 66.0 % prevalence of intestinal helminths. Presence of Toxocara spp. eggs was found in 25.0 % of sand samples.

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Cvetkovikj, Aleksandar, Ljubica Rashikj, Irena Celeska, Elena Atanaskova Petrov, Branko Angjelovski, Iskra Cvetkovikj, Maja Jurhar Pavlova, and Jovana Stefanovska. "First Case of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in a Dog in the Republic of Macedonia." Macedonian Veterinary Review 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/macvetrev-2017-0032.

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Abstract A six-month-old Pomeranian male dog was referred due to a month long history of unformed, soft faeces and mild weight loss. Stool analyses by direct faecal smear, Zinc sulphate flotation and the Baermann concentration method revealed an infection with Strongyloides stercoralis. The dog was initially treated once with a combination drug of praziquantel, pyrantel and febantel (½ Drontal® Plus Tablets for puppies and small dogs; Bayer; i.e. 31.5 mg/kg bodyweight of febantel ). The treatment was repeated after 12 days with the same dosage for 3 consecutive days. The stool analyses performed 14 days and 3 months after the second treatment were negative for S. stercoralis larvae. The results suggest that a repeated treatment with Drontal® Plus Tablets is effective against S. stercoralis in dogs and has no adverse effects.

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Lipar, Marija, Sonja Vukelić, Andrija Musulin, Branimir Škrlin, Andrea Martinović, Matko Buljan, and Dražen Vnuk. "Colonic diverticulum in a dog - a case report." Veterinarski arhiv 91, no. 6 (December 15, 2021): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.0974.

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The objectives of the current case report are to describe and report the diagnostics and surgical treatment of colonic diverticulum in a dog. A 13-year-old intact male Labrador retriever, suffering from the inability to defecate for 10 days, was diagnosed with a mass between the colon and the urinary bladder, filled with faeces. The diagnosis of a colonic diverticulum was obtained using plain abdominal radiography, ultrasonography, cystography and irigography. Native and contrast abdominal radiography and ultrasonography detected an abdominal mass with a diameter of 9 cm, filled with faeces, connected to the descending colon, and an enlarged prostatic gland. The dog was treated surgically with orchiectomy, exploratory celiotomy, partial resection of the colonic diverticulum wall, followed by reconstruction of the colon using the wall of the colonic diverticulum as a flap. The dog defecated 24 hours after surgery. On the 5th postoperative day, a wound infection was observed (redness, serous discharge from the ventral midline wound). The functional outcome was satisfactory. To the best of our knowledge, such a case report has not been reported before.

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Bunešová, Věra, Eva Vlková, Vojtěch Rada, Šárka Ročková, Ivona Svobodová, Lukáš Jebavý, and Vladimír Kmeť. "Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strains isolated from dog faeces." Veterinary Microbiology 160, no. 3-4 (December 2012): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.06.005.

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Martínez-Sabater, E., M. García-Muñoz, P. Bonete, M. Rodriguez, F. B. Sánchez-García, M. D. Pérez-Murcia, M. A. Bustamante, D. B. López-Lluch, and R. Moral. "Comprehensive management of dog faeces: Composting versus anaerobic digestion." Journal of Environmental Management 250 (November 2019): 109437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109437.

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Moravkova, M., M. Slany, I. Trcka, M. Havelkova, J. Svobodova, M. Skoric, B. Heinigeova, and I. Pavlik. "Human-to-human and human-to-dog Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission studied by IS6110 RFLP analysis: a case report." Veterinární Medicína 56, No. 6 (July 19, 2011): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1547-vetmed.

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This study reports on the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the same IS6110 RFLP type between two acquaintances with open pulmonary tuberculosis and a five-year-old Doberman bitch. No clinical signs, gross lesions at necropsy or histopathological lesions were observed in the infected lungs and gastrointestinal tract of the dog, although M. tuberculosis was directly detected by IS6110 PCR and culture examinations in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. IS6110 PCR positivity in the faeces and blood of the dog poses a risk of M. tuberculosis transmission between the dog and humans.

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Alvarez, Juan Francisco, Raúl Ruiz, Juan Ríos, and Cristian A. Alvarez Rojas. "Molecular Detection of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto in Environmental Dog Faecal Samples from the Magallanes Region, Patagonia, Chile." Parasitologia 1, no. 4 (November 4, 2021): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia1040025.

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Echinococcus granulosus is endemic in the Magallanes region and other areas of Chile. After a successful control programme implemented between 1979 and 2004, dogs’ prevalence decreased from 70% to 0.5%. Since the end of the programme, no prevalence study of canine echinococcosis has been performed in this region. Dog faecal samples were collected from epidemiological units for DNA isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect E. granulosus. In addition, dog owners were required to answer a questionnaire for a risk factor analysis. We collected 1069 environmental dog faecal samples from 267 urban, 241 periurban, and 61 rural epidemiological units. E. granulosus was found in 11/61 (18%) and 1/241 (0.4%) epidemiological units from rural and periurban areas, respectively. The Ultima Esperanza province showed the highest prevalence with eight out of 16 units with faeces positive to E. granulosus showing a main spatial cluster of canine echinococcosis. None of the risk factors investigated showed a statistical significance with positive units. This study shows the active transmission of the parasite in the Magallanes region, especially in the Ultima Esperanza province, with a possible re-emergence of the parasite. Further studies focusing on the incidence in humans are required together with the reestablishment of the compulsory deworming of dogs.

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Da Silva, Abdou Malik, Matthieu Bastien, Gérald Umhang, Franck Boué, Vanessa Bastid, Jean-Marc Boucher, Christophe Caillot, et al. "Soil contamination by Echinococcus multilocularis in rural and urban vegetable gardens in relation to fox, cat and dog faecal deposits." Parasite 28 (2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021073.

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Echinococcus multilocularis eggs are deposited on the ground with the faeces of the carnivore definitive hosts. A reliable assessment of the spatial distribution of E. multilocularis eggs in environments used by humans is crucial for the prevention of alveolar echinococcosis (AE). This study was conducted in 192 rural and 71 urban vegetable gardens in AE endemic areas of north-eastern France. Its objective was to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution of E. multilocularis estimated from the collection and molecular analysis of two types of samples: faeces and soil. A total of 1024 carnivore faeces and 463 soil samples were collected and analysed by real-time PCR. No fox droppings and no positive soil samples were collected from the urban gardens. Positive soil samples, positive carnivore faeces, or both, were found in 42%, 24% and 6% of the sampled rural gardens, respectively. No significant association was found between the detection of E. multilocularis in soil samples collected from 50 gardens during a single sampling session and the extent and frequency of deposits of fox and cat faeces collected during repeated sampling sessions conducted in the previous months. In 19/50 gardens, E. multilocularis was detected in the soil while no positive faeces had been collected in the previous 12 months. Conversely, in 8/50 gardens, no soil samples were positive although positive faeces had been collected in the previous months. Collecting and analysing faeces provide information on soil contamination at a given time, while analysing soil samples provides an overview of long-term contamination.

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Stevanovic, Oliver, Miljan Dobrijevic, Dejan Vujanic, Drago Nedic, Tamara Ilic, and Igor Trbojevic. "First report of autochthonous canine angiostrongylosis in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Veterinarski glasnik 74, no. 1 (2020): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl2001085s.

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This report describes a case of autochthonous canine angiostrongylosis in a mixed-breed dog in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The owner not?d the dog had lost appetite and weight, accompanied by a non-productive and intermittent cough. Physical examination revealed increased bronchovesicular pulmonary sounds and a caudally expanded lung field. Haematological parameters suggested mild dehydration in the dog. Radiological examination of the dog?s thorax showed a mild bronchointerstitial pattern with alveolar patches in the cardiac lobes. Coprological examination revealed the first stage (L1) Angiostrongylus vasorum larvae (Baillet, 1866). The dog was treated with two doses of 0.4 mg/kg of ivermectin administered subcutaneously with a time interval of 21 days between the two applications. Five weeks after the initial diagnosis, a repeated coprological examination revealed no evidence of L1 A. vasorum larvae in the dog?s faeces. This case report confirms the presence of A. vasorum in a dog from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Bogunović, Danica, Nina Dominiković, Nemanja Jovanović, Katarina Nenadović, Zoran Kulišić, Tamara Ilić, and Nataša Stević. "Environmental Contamination by Parasites in Public Parks in Belgrade in the Context of One Health Approach." Acta Veterinaria 72, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2022-0003.

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Abstract This paper studies the presence of developmental forms of gastrointestinal parasites in soil and sand samples, as well as in dog feces collected from public green spaces in Belgrade. The paper incorporates the spread analysis of contamination over different segments of parks. Four public green spaces in Belgrade were chosen, all containing an open-spaced children’s playground and a fenced dog park. Sample analysis of soil/sand was examined using qualitative methods without concentration (native slide) and with concentration (passive sedimentation and gravitational centrifugal flotation). In total, 106 samples have been collected out of which 60 samples of soil, 36 of dog faeces and ten samples of sand. Seven different agents have been detected, out of which five nematodes - Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp., Trichuris spp., Capillaria spp., Toxocara spp., Toxascaris leonina and two protozoa - Isospora spp. and Giardia intestinalis. The overall prevalence of contamination of soil samples was 31.67% and a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of ancylostoma eggs was found between different locations. The most common agent detected in the dog’s faeces was Isospora spp., with a prevalence of 5.56%, followed by Giardia intestinalis and ancylostomatids with a prevalence of 2.78% each. The sand samples had no parasitic elements found. The contamination by parasites and by dogs’ faeces was equally dispersed in all segments of the examined locations. There is a great need to raise public awareness on the issue, and by the joint action of veterinarians, medical doctors, pet owners and people using public parks for recreation - a precondition is created for the sustainability of the “One Health” concept which implies the preservation of the environment and human and animal health.

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Fernandez, H., and V. Arnes. "Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in dog faeces from the streets of a Southern Chilean city." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 28, no. 6 (December 1986): 410–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651986000600006.

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Dog faeces collected from the streets of a southern Chilean city were cultured on selective media for thermophilic Campylobacters. Campylobacter jejuni (biotype 1) was isolated from 53 (35.3%) of 150 samples. The use of an enrichment medium enhanced in 20.8% the isolation rate of this bacteria.

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Bystrianska, J., I. Papajová, J. Šoltys, and N. Sasáková. "Contamination of Sandpits with Soil-Transmitted Helminths Eggs in an Urban Environment." Folia Veterinaria 63, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2019-0009.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of the propagative stages of intestinal endoparasites in dog excrements collected within the close proximity of sandpits in an urban environment (Košice, Slovakia) and to determine the level of sandpits contamination with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). A total of 201 dog faecal samples were examined for the presence of helminth eggs with 10.95 % of the samples being positive. In faeces the most prevalent eggs were those of Toxocara canis (7.46 %). The contamination of sand with STH eggs in 84 sandpits was also investigated. Toxocara spp. eggs were found in 21.43 % of the sandpits. The eggs from the family Ancylostomatidae and Toxascaris leonina were also present. Taenia type eggs and Trichuris sp. eggs occurred less frequently. In some samples, not only monoinfection but also co-infection with eggs of 2‒3 helminth species were detected. In conclusion, the environmental contamination of sandpits with STHs eggs might pose a significant threat to the public health.

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Šuláková, Hana. "Diet composition of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and badger (Meles meles) in Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 1 (2004): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452010081.

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Diets of the raccoon dog and badger were studied in the Landscape Protected Area (LPA) Litovelské Pomoraví from 2000 to 2001 by collecting faeces from latrines during March – December every year. The relative volume and frequency occurrence of each food item in the feaces were calculated. Vertebrates and invertebrates constituted the bulk of the raccoon dog diet, while plants and invertebrates were most frequently eaten by the badger. Insecta and Rodentia were important to the raccoon dog, but it also consumed other food items. The raccoon dog was more omnivorous that the badger. Badger fed very frequently on plant material, raccoon dog, instead, frequently ate insects, especially beetles. In conclusion, the diet of the raccoon dog overlaps largely with that of badger, and some competition for food may occur between these species in the LPA Litovelské Pomoraví; however, their preferred food sources differ to some extent, which helps them to avoid competition.

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33

Lawson, J. R., and M. A. Gemmell. "The potential role of blowflies in the transmission of taeniid tapeworm eggs." Parasitology 91, no. 1 (August 1985): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000056572.

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In laboratory studies with 3 species of Calliphora more than half were shown to ingest eggs of Taenia hydatigena from the surface of clog faeces with a maximum of over 5000 eggs in 1 fly. Most eggs were voided within 48 h and between 38 and 48% of these eggs had lost their embryophores. In field studies carried out in the South Island of New Zealand, traps baited with dog faeces captured the following blowfly species in decreasing order of abundance: Hybopygia varia, Calliphora quadrimaculata, C. hortona and C. stygia. Peak numbers were trapped in January, February and March. Almost 25% of wild flies, caught after feeding for up to 3 mm on dog faeces naturally contaminated with taeniid eggs, had eggs in their intestine. When administered to lambs all 4 species of fly transferred infection. Lambs grazed in winter on plots near kennels that had housed dogs with patent infections of T. hydatigena acquired higher worm burdens than those grazed further away. The burdens were greater downwind of the prevailing wind. After removal of the dogs, blowflies caught in the vicinity contained taeniid eggs but the contents of pitfall traps did not. Blowflies, and to a much lesser degree the insects and dust caught on sticky traps during the presence of the dogs, transferred infection when administered to naive lambs.

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Lawson, Paul A., Hazel L. Greetham, Glenn R. Gibson, Catriona Giffard, Enevold Falsen, and Matthew D. Collins. "Slackia faecicanis sp. nov., isolated from canine faeces." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 3 (May 1, 2005): 1243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63531-0.

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Morphological, biochemical and molecular genetic studies were carried out on an unknown non-spore-forming, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that was isolated from dog faeces. The bacterium grew under strictly anaerobic conditions, was asaccharolytic, and possessed a relatively high G+C content of 61 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the unidentified bacterium was a member of the family Coriobacteriaceae and represents a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Slackia. Based on the presented findings, a novel species, Slackia faecicanis sp. nov., is described. The type strain of Slackia faecicanis is 5WC12T (=CCUG 48399T=CIP 108281T).

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KEMPE, R., M. SAASTAMOINEN, and S. HYYPPÄ. "Composition, digestibility and nutritive value of cereals for dogs." Agricultural and Food Science 13, no. 1-2 (December 4, 2008): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/1239099041838067.

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Most dry dog foods are based on cereals, but very little published information and few comparative studies are available on the nutritive value of various cereals in dogs. To determine the apparent nutrient digestibilities and feed values of five different autoclave-processed and ground cereals: oat groats, barley, wheat, corn and rice, a digestibility trial was carried out on twelve adult huskies according to a 6 x 4 cyclic changeover design. Total tract organic matter (OM), crude carbohydrate and gross energy (GE) digestibilities were higher in rice than in all the other cereals. Apparent crude protein (CP) and acid hydrolyzed fat digestibilities of rice (80% and 94%, respectively) were as good as for oat groats (81% and 93%). However, oat groats had higher OM, CP and GE digestibilities than barley, wheat and corn. The amount of digestible crude protein (118 g kg-1 DM) was higher in oat groats than in the other cereals. Digestible energy contents (MJ kg-1 DM) of oat groats, rice, corn, wheat and barley were 17.1, 16.0, 15.7, 15.6 and 15.5, respectively. The quantity of excreted wet faeces increased and the percentage of dry matter (DM) in faeces decreased when oat groats, barley, wheat or corn were supplemented to the basal diet, in contrast to rice, which had the opposite effect on wet faeces excretion. Oat groats are good substitutes for rice or other cereals in dry dog foods.;

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Reading, Richard P., Botilo Tshimologo, and Glyn Maude. "Coprophagy of African Wild Dog faeces by Hooded Vultures in Botswana." Vulture News 72, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/vulnew.v72i1.5.

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Merino-Tejedor, A., P. Nejsum, E. M. Mkupasi, M. V. Johansen, and Annette Olsen. "Molecular identification of zoonotic hookworm species in dog faeces from Tanzania." Journal of Helminthology 93, no. 3 (April 2, 2018): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x18000263.

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AbstractThe presence and distribution of various species of canine hookworms in Africa are poorly known. The main objective of this study, therefore, was to identify the hookworm species present in canine faecal samples from Morogoro, Tanzania, using molecular techniques. Faecal samples from 160 local dogs were collected and hookworm positive samples processed to recover larvae for further molecular characterization. DNA was extracted from pools of larvae from individual samples (n = 66), which were analysed subsequently using two different molecular approaches, polymerase chain reaction-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and species-specific PCR coupled with Sanger sequencing. The PCR-RFLP technique detected only the presence of the ubiquitousAncylostoma caninumin the 66 samples. However, by species-specific PCR coupled with Sanger sequencing we identified ten samples withA. braziliense, two withUncinaria stenocephalaand five withA. ceylanicum. Thus, all four known species of canine hookworms were identified in Morogoro, Tanzania. To our knowledge this is the first report of the detection of the presence ofU. stenocephalaandA. ceylanicumin Africa using molecular techniques. In addition to their veterinary importance, canine hookworms have zoonotic potential and are of public health concern.

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Poulsen, A. H., A. T. Lisle, and C. J. C. Phillips. "An Evaluation of a Behaviour Assessment to Determine the Suitability of Shelter Dogs for Rehoming." Veterinary Medicine International 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/523781.

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We evaluated a scheme for assessing shelter dog behaviour, which used 28 tests and rated responses from 0 (positive response) to 5 (fear, tonic immobility, or escape attempts). The assessment was evaluated for 236 dogs, and was repeated by a different assessor for 39 dogs approximately 80 days after rehoming to determine relevance of individual test components. A new owner survey evaluated satisfaction with the dog. A total of 130 of 236 dogs passed (score≤70), 24 scored 71–80 (referred for behavioural modification), and 82 (score>80) failed. Scores were mainly unaffected by dog type and environmental variables, but decreased if dog faeces from a previous test was present in the arena during a test. Shelter tests only correlated with repeat tests if there was no direct contact with assessors. Adopters were satisfied with their dogs, despite reporting some behaviour problems. The shelter assessment was therefore robust against most outside influences but did not predict responses to people well.

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Mohd Zain, S. N., R. Rahman, and J. W. Lewis. "Stray animal and human defecation as sources of soil-transmitted helminth eggs in playgrounds of Peninsular Malaysia." Journal of Helminthology 89, no. 6 (October 2, 2014): 740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x14000716.

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AbstractSoil contaminated with helminth eggs and protozoan cysts is a potential source of infection and poses a threat to the public, especially to young children frequenting playgrounds. The present study determines the levels of infection of helminth eggs in soil samples from urban and suburban playgrounds in five states in Peninsular Malaysia and identifies one source of contamination via faecal screening from stray animals. Three hundred soil samples from 60 playgrounds in five states in Peninsular Malaysia were screened using the centrifugal flotation technique to identify and determine egg/cyst counts per gram (EPG) for each parasite. All playgrounds, especially those in Penang, were found to be contaminated with eggs from four nematode genera, with Toxocara eggs (95.7%) the highest, followed by Ascaris (93.3%), Ancylostoma (88.3%) and Trichuris (77.0%). In addition, faeces from animal shelters were found to contain both helminth eggs and protozoan cysts, with overall infection rates being 54% and 57% for feline and canine samples, respectively. The most frequently occurring parasite in feline samples was Toxocara cati (37%; EPG, 42.47 ± 156.08), while in dog faeces it was Ancylostoma sp. (54%; EPG, 197.16 ± 383.28). Infection levels also tended to be influenced by season, type of park/playground and the texture of soil/faeces. The occurrence of Toxocara, Ancylostoma and Trichuris eggs in soil samples highlights the risk of transmission to the human population, especially children, while the presence of Ascaris eggs suggests a human source of contamination and raises the issue of hygiene standards and public health risks at sites under investigation.

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Al-Hamad, N. N. A., A. Y. Yacoub, and A. Raishan. "STUDY IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SARCOCYSTOSIS SARCOCYSTIS CAMELI IN CAMELS IN AI-QADISIYAH PROVINCE." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 26, no. 1 (October 30, 2021): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v26i1.1120.

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The aim of study was to investigate the prevalence of macroscopic and microscopic sarcocystosis of 312 camels slaughtered in Al-Qadisiyah province abattoirs. The developmental stages were studied in experimentally infected dogs with Sarcocystis cameli. For macroscopic sarcocystis naked eye examination was done while for microscopic type, the methods were employed (peptic muscular digestion, trichinoscopy, squeezing and histological examination) for the detection of infection in esophagus, heart, diaphragm and skeletal muscles. The percentage prevalence of macroscopic cysts were first recorded (0.64%) among the different organs examined. The rate of microscopic infection was (83.3%) in peptic digestion method followed by squeezing and trichinoscopy were 78.47 % and 58% respectively The highest rate of infection was recorded in the esophagus and the lowest in the heart. Histological examination revealed two different morphological cysts, the first one with thin wall and the other thick striated wall. The pre patent periods were 8-9 and 10-12day respectively, each infected dog-shed total about 32 * 10* sporocysts per gram of faeces. The peak of shedding reached 326*10* sarocystis per gram of faeces day12 post infection histological development stages of the parasite were detected in the small intestine mucosa of dog in days 6 and 12 post infection.

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Paek, Jayoung, Yeseul Shin, Joong-Ki Kook, and Young-Hyo Chang. "Blautia argi sp. nov., a new anaerobic bacterium isolated from dog faeces." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002981.

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Verlinden, A., M. Hesta, J. M. Hermans, and G. P. J. Janssens. "The effects of inulin supplementation of diets with or without hydrolysed protein sources on digestibility, faecal characteristics, haematology and immunoglobulins in dogs." British Journal of Nutrition 96, no. 5 (November 2006): 936–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjn20061912.

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Dogs with food allergy are often treated by giving a diet with hydrolysed protein sources. Prebiotics might also be successful in prevention and treatment of allergic disease through their effect on the colonic microflora, analogous to studies on probiotics in allergic children. The present study was set up to investigate the effect of supplementing inulin (IN) to commercial hypoallergenic dog diets on apparent nutrient digestibility, faecal characteristics, haematology and Ig in dogs. Supplementation of 3 % IN did not affect faecal pH, food and water intake and urine production. Compared with the intact protein diet with a limited number of ingredients (L), the diet with a hydrolysed protein source (H) resulted in an increased water intake (P<0·001), which could be due to the osmotic effect of free amino acids. Faeces production was increased by IN due to increased faecal moisture content. Increased faeces production on the H diet was mainly due to a higher DM excretion. Subsequently, the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of DM was lower in the H diet group. A similar result was noted for ADC of diethyl ether extract and crude ash. The ADC of crude protein was higher in the H diet group, whereas IN decreased the ADC of crude protein. Differences in the ADC of crude protein among the different diets disappeared after correction for a higher faecal biomass, except for the dogs fed the L + IN diet. Total faecal IgA concentrations were lower in the H group (P<0·05) because of lower antigenic stimulation of hydrolysed protein, which implies that hydrolysed protein is really hypoallergenic. The present study indicates that the use of hydrolysed protein diets for canine food allergy treatment can affect digestibility and that combination with IN affected apparent protein digestibility but not IgA response.

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Huang, Y., D. Y. Yi, L. L. Liu, L. Huang, W. J. Yu, Q. Wang, Y. Q. Li, et al. "Echinococcusinfections in Chinese dogs: a comparison of coproantigen kits." Journal of Helminthology 88, no. 2 (January 25, 2013): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x12000922.

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AbstractCoproantigen test kits forEchinococcusspp. worms in dogs, designed for commercial use, were obtained from three different Chinese producers, and were compared with a laboratory kit using reagents from New Zealand. None of the three producers would provide details of their test validation. From a known set of dog faeces obtained at necropsy from infected and uninfected dogs, and from faeces collected from dogs necropsied in the field, results differed between the kits. For field material, the Tiankang kit showed the best specificity but lacked sensitivity. The Combined kit showed best sensitivity but lacked specificity. Results for the Haitai kit were intermediate. With samples from experimentally infected dogs, both the Haitai and Combined kits lacked sensitivity. Kits will need to be validated by the user before they can be relied on to predict progress inEchinococcusspp. control in China or in other countries.

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Tenora, František. "Notes to Mesocestoides Vaillant, 1863 (Cestoda) and findings of Mesocestoides sp. parasitizing Canis familiaris (Carnivora) in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 4 (2004): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452040025.

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The partial critical analysis of the situation in systematic-taxonomic arrangement of tapeworms from the genusMesocestoidesVaillant, 1863 was performed. The attention is drawn to a number of problems preventing the uniform opinion on the species value within the genusMesocestoides. The own material of that genus fromCanis familiaris(gravid segments of cestodes from dog faeces, locality of Jílmoví, southern Moravia) is presented. The study is an appropriate complement to the abstract published by Borkovcová and Tenora (2003).

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Patterson, Jacoby. "Toxocarosis in humans: how much of a problem is it in the UK?" Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin 61, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/dtb.2022.000052.

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Toxocara canis(from dogs) is recognised as a potential cause of human toxocarosis, butToxocara cati(from cats) and other species (eg,Toxascaris leoninafound in foxes) are also possible causes. Most colonisation withToxocaraspecies does not lead to symptomatic infection in well-cared for adult animals; young and debilitated animals are at greater risk. Humans can acquire infection from infected animals, for example, via soil contaminated with faeces; however, most human infections are asymptomatic, with symptomatic infection being very rare in the UK. The risk of human infection is reduced by measures such as hand washing and responsible disposal of dog faeces. Some organisations recommend regular prophylactic treatment of pet dogs and cats. However, there are concerns that some parasiticides are contaminating the environment. As an example of a One-Health problem there is a potential conflict between the needs of animal health, human health and the health of the wider ecosystem. Also, considering that only about 5% of non-juvenile household dogs shedToxocaraeggs at a given time, it has been questioned whether it is worthwhile to invest in frequent blind treatments. British veterinary organisations have suggested less frequent treatment may be more appropriate and should be based on individual risk assessment and faecal examinations for worms rather than blanket regular prophylactic treatment, which could reduce the impact of parasiticides on the environment without greatly increasing the risks to animal or human health.

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Sevilla, Eloisa, Raúl C. Mainar-Jaime, Bernardino Moreno, Inmaculada Martín-Burriel, Mariano Morales, Sara Andrés-Lasheras, Manuel Chirino-Trejo, Juan J. Badiola, and Rosa Bolea. "Antimicrobial resistance among canine enteric Escherichia coli isolates and prevalence of attaching–effacing and extraintestinal pathogenic virulence factors in Spain." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 68, no. 1 (March 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2020.00013.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli from a dog population in Spain and assess specific virulence factors. Susceptibility to 22 antimicrobials was tested along with the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC in faecal isolates from 100 dogs. Virulence-related genes associated with attaching and effacing E. coli (eae, Stx1, Stx2) and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli – ExPEC – (papC, hlyA and cnf1) were detected by PCR. At least one kind of AMR was observed in 73% of the isolates. The highest prevalences corresponded to penicillin (45%), aminoglycoside (40%) and non-extended spectrum cephalosporin (39%) classes. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 53.4% of the resistant isolates. No resistance to colistin was found. Production of ESBL/AmpC enzymes was detected in 5% of E. coli. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli were not observed, enteropathogenic E. coli were identified in only 12% of them, and ExPEC were found in 25%. Dog faeces can be a source of E. coli strains potentially presenting a threat to humans through their virulence factors or AMR. The non-hygienic keeping of animals may increase the risk of colonisation of such pathogens in humans.

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Talvik, Heli, Epp Moks, Erika Mägi, T. Järvis, and Illa Miller. "Distribution of Toxocara infection in the environment and in definitive and paratenic hosts in Estonia." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 54, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.54.2006.3.10.

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The aim of the study was to elucidate the distribution and possible transmission routes of Toxocara spp. infection in Estonia. Out of 454 faecal and sand samples collected from park lawns and sandpits in the town of Tartu, 19 were Toxocara positive (4.2%). Out of the 45 sandpit samples 17.8% were Toxocara positive. Cat faeces was found in 21 sandpit samples. Parasitological necropsies were performed on 41 euthanised stray dogs and 27 cats in the Tallinn Dog Home. Additionally, 13 wild free-roaming brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) were captured from the Tallinn Dog Home territory, necropsied and studied for the presence of Toxocara larvae. Toxocara canis adults were found in 14.6% of the dogs and Toxocara cati (syn. mystax) adults in the small intestines of 48.2% of the cats examined. Larval infection was detected in the kidney and liver in 5 dogs (12.2%). Our study demonstrated only low-level larval Toxocara infections in adult dogs. Toxocara larvae were not found in cats and brown rats. According to the results of this study, cats more often carry Toxocara infection than dogs. Under our conditions, stray and free-roaming cats are the main contaminators of the environment with Toxocara eggs. Children playing in sandpits are the main risk group for larval toxocarosis.

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Jung, Christoph, and Daniela Pörtl. "How old are (Pet) Dog Breeds?" Pet Behaviour Science, no. 7 (May 1, 2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/pbs.v0i7.11494.

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Dogs are our Pets. Everybody knows dog breeds. A dog is often understood only as a specimen of a breed or a mongrel of several breeds. Some scholars argue, that dog breeds would be created as an artificial product starting 150 years ago in the Victorian era. The original dog would be an uniform dog type called “village dog”, hanging around human settlements while scavenging human waste and faeces. Astonishingly we only find very little research on evolution and history of dog breeds and dog breeding. In our article we will search for evidence. We found many records in history, archaeology and genetics pointing out that dog breeds have a long history likely starting in prehistoric times or at least in antiquity. Dog breeds shape no static monuments over thousands of years. We should understand dog breeds as steadily evolving populations in changing ecologies - like each species. Dogs’ ecological niches were made primarily by human. We are able to identify and clearly differ dogs in breeds, each breed fitting to its special niches. We are using dogs’ different traits since thousands of years. Dogs always had and have their jobs as hunting-, herding-, sledding-partners or as pets. Thus, dogs have been shaped to fit optimally to each job. Eventually, they evolved with their changing jobs in continually evolving human societies. Breeds have not been simply invented. Breeds did not derive artificially during some decades in the Victorian era. Victorian dog breeding culture only switched the focus from the behaviour to the appearance and that mainly with regard to fashion dogs. Even standardized modern purebred dogs on the official shows are continuously changing their traits and appearance following human fashions. Dog breeds may be understood as a reflection of human culture. Understanding the history of dog breeds is helpful for a better understanding of our dogs, the human-dog bonding and ourselves.

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Frada, Maria, João Machado, Teresa Coutinho, Ana Patrícia Lopes, and Mario M. D. Ginja. "Growth stunted in half a litter of puppies due to intestinal parasitism." Veterinary Record Case Reports 8, no. 1 (March 2020): e000939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000939.

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Four puppies of Estrela mountain dog breed, out of a litter of nine, eight weeks of age, and with poor body condition, poor appetite, pica (geophagia) and stunted growth from the fifth week of age, were attended at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. On physical examination, it was concluded that the puppies were severely underweight. Rectal examination showed dark faeces. Nevertheless, the puppies were alert, responsive and interested in wet food. Haematological, biochemical, faecal, radiographic, ultrasonographic and CT studies were performed. The main abnormalities detected were mild anaemia and intestinal parasitism caused by Giardia species and coccidia. The puppies started to be fed with wet food and were treated with metronidazole, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim for intestinal parasitism. The puppies regained their appetite and growth, and their body condition gradually improved. At 12 weeks of age the puppies were completely healthy, without evidence of sequela, and living with their new owners.

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Basso, W., D. C. Herrmann, F. J. Conraths, N. Pantchev, M. Globokar Vrhovec, and G. Schares. "First isolation of Neospora caninum from the faeces of a dog from Portugal." Veterinary Parasitology 159, no. 2 (February 2009): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.025.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dog faeces'

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