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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Doctrines'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Otto, James R. (James Ritchie). "Complexity doctrines." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29104.

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We characterize various complexity classes as the images in set$ sp2,$ set$ sp{V},$ and set$ sp3$ of categories initial in various complexity doctrines. (A doctrine consists of the models of a theory of theories.) We so characterize the linear time, P space, linear space, P time, and Kalmar elementary functions as well as the linear time hierarchy relations. (Our machine model is multi-tape Turing machines with constant number of tapes.) These doctrines extend, using comprehensions, the first order doctrines GM and JB. We show, using dependent product diagrams, how to so extend the higher order doctrine LCC. However, using Church numerals, we show that the resulting LCC comprehensions do not provide enough control over higher order types to characterize complexity classes. We also show how to use sketches and orthogonality for almost equational specification.
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2

Skaring, Li. "Doctrinal descriptions of Stabilization : Same challenge- different articulations in Swedish and French doctrines." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-2623.

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The Swedish armed forces’ doctrinal documents are currently under review, where the Doctrine for Land Forces will together with the doctrines for Navy and Air force be reissued into one common operative doctrine 2013. This essay can be seen as a possible interjection in order to facilitate the work with the new Swedish operative doctrine, by analyzing doctrinal articulated descriptions and know-hows from the French Army in the context of stability operations. Since, what fundamentally differentiates stabilization from the pacification operations of the past is the end state where the local authorities and population retake the ownership of their country. The French doctrines contain a significant higher level of details regarding the tactical methods and principles, such as the Oil spots, Quadrillage, Force and Influence ratio, and the measures for how the actual re-construction and re-building should take place. This compared to the Swedish doctrinal document that mainly involves the initial stages of intervention and laying the foundations for further development. The gap between these phases and the desired end-state of peace is vaguely described, which can be characterized as a mayor difference.
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3

Tiefensee, Christine. "Expressivism, minimalism and moral doctrines." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609582.

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4

Jungestrand, Michael. "Geostrategy and the doctrines function : A case study of the Swedish doctrines MSD12 and MSD16." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7603.

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In the field of war studies there is an ongoing debate about the understanding of the doctrine. A common understanding of the doctrine is important not only within the field of research but also because it creates a common language among its users which reduces the risk of misunderstandings. Harald Høiback, an important player in the matter, claims that a nations prolonged geostrategic situation predicts its doctrines content with regard to its function. These functions are to act as tools of command, education and change. The main aim of this essay is to make a contribution to the debate by testing Høiback´s predication. In a case study of the Swedish strategic doctrines MSD12 and MSD16, Høiback´s predication is tested using qualitative text analysis. The main finding of this essay is that a doctrine can change its function as tool of command faster than Høiback's assertion predicts.
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5

Campos, Heber Carlos de. "The Arminian libertarian doctrines of freedom and responsibility evaluated according to biblical-reformed doctrine of sin." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.

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6

Jorgensen, Knud Erik. "Three doctrines on European foreign policy." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4631/.

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Taking its departure from the debate on the Iraq war, the article examines three so-called „doctrines“ on European foreign policy. According to the first one, there is no such thing as an EU foreign policy. This may come as a surprise for policy-makers but is a common view among media commentators, analysts and some diplomats. The second doctrine holds that the EU’s foreign policy has been, is, and always will be a failure. Reasons for this gloomy view show considerable variations and are most likely unsustainable in the long run. The third approach is more optimistic, counting on the EU’s material volume, yet often ignoring the need to politically cash in if international clout is the quest.
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7

Lewis, Ronald J. "A survey of major biblical doctrines." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.

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8

Yeo, T. M. "Choice of law for equitable doctrines." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391055.

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9

Celik, Murat. "Comparison of the British and Canadian CIMIC and the U.S. CMO doctrines to the NATO CIMIC doctrine." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Dec%5FCelik.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Stabilization and Reconstruction))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Karen Guttieri. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82). Also available online.
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10

Charnay, Jean-Paul. "Essai méthodique sur l'évolution des doctrines stratégiques." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040301.

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La thèse présente les méthodes et les résultats des précédentes recherches interdisciplinaires (v. Stratégie et altérité). Elle comprend les rééditions des principaux traités d'art de la guerre et de droit des gens. Une présentation critique et des inédits ont été ajoutés à certaines d'entre elles (v. Guibert, Carnot). Une nouvelle définition de la stratégie a été proposée, basée sur les variations de la négation (ou de la convergence) entre ennemis (ou partenaires), menées avec plus ou moins de rationalité. (v. L'essai général de stratégie). L'essai d'analyse stratégique présente les actuelles évolutions sémantiques et praxéologiques : défense, dissuasion, géopolitique. Certaines autres notions ont été élaborées : psycho et socio stratégie, stratégie différentielle, anthropologie stratégique, acculturation tactique, géosociologie
The thesis presents the methods and the results of previous interdisciplinary research (see Stratégie et altérité). First it includes the reprint of major strategic books relating to the art and the law of war. For some of these reprints (see Guibert, Carnot) a critical presentation has been added, with unpublished texts. A new definition of strategy has been proposed, which is based upon the variations of negation (or convergence) between enemies (or partners), rationally speaking (see Essai général de stratégie). The Essai d'analyse stratégique emphasizes the present semantic and praxeological mutations: defense, deterrence, geopolitics. Certain notions of strategic analysis have proposed: psycho and socio-strategy, differential strategy, strategical anthropology, tactical acculturation geosociology
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11

Le, Roy Frédéric. "Doctrines militaires et management stratégique des entreprises." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON10041.

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Trois façons d'utiliser la stratégie militaire en management stratégique des entreprises sont identifiées : le mode ontologique, le mode métaphorique, le mode analogique. Dans cette troisième perspective, une doctrine de stratégie opérationnelle est utilisée pour formuler un modèle contingent de stratégie concurrentielle. Les résultats empiriques indiquant l'existence effective d'analogies.
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12

Lévy, René. "Les doctrines de la providence d'après Maïmonide." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040226.

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Le thème de la providence et son traitement par Maïmonide constituent le terme du Guide des égarés, dans la double acception du mot : le bout et le but de tout l’ouvrage. Les chapitres 16 et 17 du livre III, position du problème et recension des différentes doctrines sur la providence, forment l’axe de notre étude que nous partageons en deux parties : une première, d’histoire doctrinale, consacrée à l’examen des recensions faites par Maïmonide des doctrines antérieures (Épicure, Aristote, théologiens du Kalam et judaïsme) ; une deuxième, d’exégèse philosophique, prenant pour objet spécifique la doctrine providentialiste de Maïmonide. Dans cette deuxième partie, nous remontons aux prémices du problème de la providence, à savoir la question du mal, ou théodicée. Nous abordons en outre les questions annexes, mais capitales, de la causalité et de la science divines. Cela fait, nous relevons des liens étroits entre les idées de providence tutélaire, d’intelligeance et de singularité, définie comme l’ultime perfection de l’homme, par-delà son individualité périssable ; atteinte à force d’intelligeance et grâce à laquelle « il est avec Dieu et Dieu est avec lui. »
The subject of providence and its treatment by Maimonides are the term of the Guide of the Perplexed, in the two senses of the word : the end and the aim of the entire work. Chapters 16 and 17 of Book III, the laying out of the problem and the review of doctrines on providence, form the axis of our study, which is divided into two parts : the first part, a work on doctrinal history, is devoted to examining Maimonides reviews of previous doctrines (Epicure, Aristotle, Kalam theologians and Judaism) ; the second, as a philosophical exegesis, takes the providential doctrine of Maimonides as its specific object. This second part goes back to the premises of the problem of providence : the question of evil, or theodicy. It also covers the additional — albeit essential — topics of divine causality and science. It then points out the close link between the concepts of tutelary providence, intelligeance and uniqueness defined as the ultimate perfection of man beyond its perishable individuality, reached by dint of intelligeance and thanks to which “he is with God and God is with him”
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13

Charnay, Jean-Paul. "Essai méthodique sur l'évolution des doctrines stratégiques." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376038291.

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14

Clarke, Lynda 1956. "Early doctrine of the Shiåh, according to the Shī̊ī sources." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28712.

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Well before the Occultation of the Twelfth imam in 330/942 and before the time of the great Shi 'i theologians such as al-Shaykh al-Mufi d (d. 413/1022), the Shi 'ah had constructed their own integral and elaborate system of thought. This thought is expressed in the sayings of the Shi 'i imams, recorded in hadi th collections gathered in the traditionist centres of Kufah and Qum. It is apparent when these narratives are pieced together that the Shi 'i system as presented by the Shi 'ah themselves bears little resemblance to the descriptions of the heresiographers. At the centre of the Shi 'i worldview is the relation between the imams and the community. The imams' constitution is altogether supernatural, and they succeed to the whole of the prophetic knowledge, while the Shi 'ah, who were created of the same substance as the imams, are the bearers and beneficiaries of that knowledge. The imams continue to receive intelligence from God so that they know every thing and are able to address themselves to every circumstance, while the Shi 'ah must resort to no one else to guide them. God is known only through the imams and they conduct their followers to Paradise while others are left for the Fire. There is, however, evidence of revision of belief already in the time of the first traditionists. The definition of faith is emended so as to allow the non-Shi 'ah a place in Paradise and enable the Shi 'ah to integrate into the larger community. The confinement of the imams by the Abbasids and the lesser Occultation lead to reconsideration of the question of authority: human reason is given a greater role as the Shi 'ah set about thinking how to evaluate the words of the imams already recorded. Kalam, a field of enquiry formerly forbidden to the faithful Shi 'ah due to the necessity of absolute submission to the statements of the imams, is sanctioned so that dicta concerning theology are issued under their names. Tradition now moves away from predestinarianism, and other
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15

Muhaya, Abdul. "Maqāmāt (stations) and aḥwāl (states) according to al-Qushayrī and al-Hujwīrī : a comparative study." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69631.

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This thesis is a study of the doctrine of maqamat (stations) and ahwal (states), the crucial doctrine of sufism, as described in two different books, al-Risalah al-Qushayriyah and Kashf al-Mahjub, by two different masters of Sufism: one Sunni-Shafi'i, al-Qushayri, the other Sunni-Hanafi, al-Hujwiri. After introducing their positions in the history of sufism, the thesis examines their backgrounds as well as their mystical inclinations. The thesis then analyzes al-Qushayri's and al-Hujwiri's doctrine of maqamat and ahwal through a comparison of concrete examples found in the two books. Through this comparison, the thesis attempts to show the differences and the similarities of their concepts of maqamat and ahwal. The conclusion discovers that the differences which appear in al-Qushayri's and al-Hujwiri's views concerning identification of a virtue as a state or a station pertain to theoretical differences only.
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16

Liew, Jew Chong, and 劉佑章. "The Sarvāstivāda doctrine of the path of spiritual progress: a study based primarily on the Abhidharma-mahāvibhāṣā-śāstra, the Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya and their Chinese andSanskrit commentaries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44527068.

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17

Scott, Shawn A. "A study in transitions : Wesley's soteriology." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60096.

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The purpose of this thesis is to delineate the theological shifts that occurred in Wesley's post-Aldersgate soteriology. To realize this purpose, three distinct soteriological shifts in his thought will be examined. These shifts involve changes in how he understood the following: the conditions of redemption, the state of humanity and the scope of salvation. Through an examination of these shifts, three distinct phases (early, middle and late) were detected. In the early phase there appears to be a distinct Reformed bias; fallen human beings are totally depraved and can be redeemed only through explicit faith in Christ's atonement. In the two subsequent phases, an increasing emphasis is given to Arminian distinctives. Particular emphasis is given to the Arminian understanding of prevenient grace. In the middle phase, the Reformed and Arminian elements appear to co-exist within the same soteriological framework--reconciled through a tenuous and at times tortuous dialectic. This dialectic seems to crumble in the late phase. The Reformed elements are quietly dismissed; the Arminian elements dominate.
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18

Held, Paul Gregory. "An historical, theological analysis of the doctrine of perseverance in some East European Baptist Unions 1890-2000, with special reference to Hungary." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683101.

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19

Steel, Alexander. "Exceptional proof of causation doctrines in tort law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610872.

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20

Bartos, Emil. "The concept of deification in Eastern Orthodox theology with detailed reference to Dumitru Staniloae." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683144.

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21

Low, Boon Toh, and 劉文琸. "Doctrine of cognition in early Yogācāra : a case study based on bhūmi1 & 2 of Yogācāra-bhūmi-śāstra." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45350991.

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22

Dorries, David William. "Nineteenth century British Christological controversy, centring upon Edward Irving's doctrine of Christ's human nature." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=130741.

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Considerable misunderstanding has accompanied the life and doctrine of early nineteenth century British pastor and theologian, Edward Irving. Although commended for his noble character and ministerial excellence, his Christology aroused a st Preliminary tasks preceded our concluding assessment of Irving's doctrine in the context of controversy. After placing Irving and the controversy in historical perspective, we presented a careful study of the essential components of Irving's i We arrived at the following conclusion. From the writings of Irving's opponents, including the trial reports, we detected a definite docetic Christological tendency, particularly similar to the ancient Eutychean error.
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23

Spitalieri, de Cessole Hugues. "La pensée militaire française actuelle et les organismes de recherche." Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020064.

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Les effets cumules d'obstacles de differente nature rendent ordinairement difficile en france l'epanouissement de la pensee militaire. A l(interieur de l'armee l'hypotheque est historique juridique et sociologique. Partiellement liberee, la liberte d'expression des cadres reste insuffisante cependant qu'une interpretation trop stricte de la specificite militaire continue de prevaloir au sein de la hierarchie. Si les questions de defense ne rencontrent plus chez les civils le desinteret de naguere elles se heurtent dans l'ensemble a une faiblesse chronique de ressources financieres. Cette impecuniosite, jointe au caractere recent de la perte de leur monopole, garantit, dans la recherche collective de defense, l'hegemonie des instances officielles et la contribution encore adventice de celles qui ne le sont point. Trois hommes, a l'oree des annees 60, animent le renouveau theorique d'une pensee militaire appele par l'evolution d'une matiere strategique en profond bouleversement et favorise par le contexte politique national. Global dans l'oeuvre du general beaufre le champ d'investigation est plus circonscrit dans celles des generaux pm gallois et l. Poirier, axees principalement sur la revolution nucleaire. Adoptees a des degres variables par le pouvoir politique les idees de ces 2 derniers forment le substrat de l'actuelle doctrine officielle (dissuasion du faible au fort). Immuable sur l'essentiel celle-ci marque davantage d'hesitations sur le contingent. La dissuasion du faible au fort essuiera, tout au long de la 5eme republique 2 types de contestations. Obeissant a des mobiles d'abord politiques les sectateurs de l'otan incarneront la premiere. Plus technique la seconde rassemblera les esprits rallies sous conditions a l'orthodoxie
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY THINKING HAS OFTEN BEEN MADE UNCERTAIN DUE TO COMBINES EFFECTS OF VARIED OBSTACLES. INSIDE THE ARMY ITSELF THE DIFFICULTY IS HISTORICAL (A LONG TRADITION OF INTELLECTUAL ERRORS) LEGAL TOO (OBLIGATION OF OFFICE) AND SOCIOLOGICAL (SPECIFICITY). PARTIALLY FREED, THE OFFICERS'FREEDOM OF SPEECH REMAINS POOR BECAUSE A STRICT INTERPRETATION OF MILITARY SPECIFICITY WHICH PREVAILS WITHIN THE HIERARCHY. DEFENSE ISSUES DO NOT MEET THE LACK OF INTEREST OF VICILIANS ANY LONGER AS THEY USED TO FORMERLY BUT THEY STILL SUFFER FROM PERSISTENT LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES. THIS SHORTAGE PLUS THE LOSS OF ITS MONOPOLY GUARANTEES, within COLLECTIVE RESEARCH OF DEFENSE, THE SUPREMACY OF OFFICIAL AUTHORITIES WHETHER NEW OR TRADITIONAL AND THE ADVENTITIOUS CENTRIBUTION OF THOSE WHICH ARE NOT YET. FRENCH MILITARY THINKING HAS BORNE SOME SORT OF REVIVAL IN THE EARLY SIXTIES. THIS IS DUE TO THE EVOLUTION OF A STRATEGY IN COMPLETE REFORM AND FAVOURED BY THE POLITICAL CONTEXT OF THE PERIOD. THE REVIVAL IS CONDUCTED BY 3 OFFICERS IT IS GLOBAL IN GENERAL BEAUFRE'S WORK IT IS MORE LIMITED WITH GENERALS PM GALLOIS AND L. POIRIER'S. THEIR WORK IS MOSTLY DEVOTED TO THE NUCLEAR REVOLUTION. THE IDEAS OF THESE TWO GENERALS ARE STILL. THOUGH AT DIFFERENT LEVELS, THE BASIS OF THE CURRENT MILITARY DOCTRINE. THE ADVANTAGE OF THE STRONG OVER THE WEAK. UNCHANGING ON THE MAJOR VALUES YET THERE ARE MORE HESITATIONS AMONG THE DRAFTEES. THE ADVANTAGE OF THE STRONG OVER THE WEAK WILL BE THE MAJOR DISPUTE OVER THE COURSE OF THE FIFTH REPUBLIC. BEING LED BY POLITICAL IDEAS FISRT, THE PARTISANS OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY IN THE WAKE OF THE USA WILL DEFEND THE FORMER. THE LATTER BEING MORE TECHNICAL BUT LESS ABSOLUTE WILL MOBILIZE MOST OF THOSE CLOSE TO ORTHODOXY AND WITH VARIED LEVELS OF ADJUSTMENTS
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Becerra, Sergio. "Racines puritaines de la doctrine du Sabbat adventiste du Septième jour : étude historique et théologique." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20054.

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En étudiant les origines de l'adventisme du septième jour on est surpris d'apprendre que ce mouvement, issu du millénarisme millerite américain, s'est intéressé dès ses débuts au septième jour l'adoptant rapidement, sans tensions majeures. Nous nous demandons si l'adventisme n'est redevable à d'autres traditions chrétiennes pour sa doctrine du sabbat. Notre recherche s'est surtout penchée sur la filière puritaine. .
The history of the origin of the Sabbath doctrine among Seventh-day Adventist comprises a number of unexpected developments. This denomination, brought forth out of the disintegration of the most important millenarian movement in American history, adopted the seventh-day Sabbath quite rapidly, without major conflict. One wonders if this is not a sign proving that Seventh-day Adventism embraced the Sabbath under the influence of other Christian traditions, rather than as a fruit of its own internal doctrinal development. Our research focused on Puritanism as a possible source. .
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25

Conduché, Cécile. "Les exemples grecs des Institutions grammaticales, héritages et doctrines." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858001.

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Le corpus de cette thèse est fourni par les exemples en langue grecque de la grande grammaire de Priscien, ouvrage rédigé dans le premier tiers du VIe siècle à Constantinople. La première partie est une longue introduction, qui présente un historique des recherches et évalue la fiabilité de l'édition de référence établie par Martin Hertz en 1855-1859. Un retour à la tradition manuscrite permet de proposer des amendements au texte grec. La deuxième partie présente une typologie de l'utilisation du grec dans la grammaire, à l'exclusion du vocabulaire technique. Ainsi, le recours au grec de Priscien est mis en relation avec la pratique des autres grammairiens latins de l'Antiquité tardive. Elle permet de relativiser l'idée d'une fonction purement heuristique du grec, éclaircissement du latin. La troisième partie consiste en une étude des sources grecques des exemples de Priscien, qu'elles soient nommées comme Apollonios Dyscole ou Hérodien, ou implicites comme la métrique ou les dialectologues. Priscien apparaît très proche, dans son maniement de la littérature technique d'époque romaine, de ses successeurs grammairiens d'époque byzantine. La quatrième et dernière partie se concentre sur la théorie et la pratique comparatistes de Priscien, en particulier dans son étude syntaxique. On y avance l'hypothèse que la recherche d'une correspondance entre faits de langue grecs et latins conduit à transférer des notions et des règles grammaticales du latin vers le grec. Le développement est complété par deux annexes : comparaison du texte des citations grecques de Priscien avec la tradition directe, accords entre les analyses de Priscien et celles des grammairiens grecs.
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26

Kadosh, Refael. "Extremist religious philosophy : the religious doctrines of Satmar Rebbe." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10693.

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Rabbi Yoel Teitelbaum, The Satmar Rebbe, (1886-1978) was a well known Hassidic rabbinical leader of the 20th century. He was born into a rabbinical 'dynasty' and was ordained as a rabbi, Rosh Yeshiva and Rebbe in Hungary at a young age. It was in Hungary that his anti-Zionist views were developed. Notwithstanding the annihilation of Eastern European Jewry during the Holocaust, these views became more extreme with the passing years, and in some of his writings he explained the Shoa as a punishment from G-d for the "Zionist sin". The dissertation investigates the Rebbe's writings, which include: his biblical commentary, letters, speeches and sermons, hallachic responsa and philosophical contemplations; with special attention to his most famous book: "Vayoel Moshe".
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Hausam, Mark. "Communicating philosophically and theologically : a study of the dialogue between the mainstream Reformed and Edwardian traditions of the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries concerning sin and salvation." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683255.

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28

Touche, Catherine. "Les doctrines juridiques de l'Europe libérée face aux codes napoléoniens (1811 -1825)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN1G009.

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À compter de 1793, la France révolutionnaire puis napoléonienne en est venue à occuper la moitié de l’Europe. Les territoires belges et la Hollande, une grande partie des territoires suisses et allemands, la Pologne, les divers royaumes italiens et l’Espagne ont ainsi été soumis, à divers degrés, au modèle juridique français, dont ses législations codifiées : non seulement le Code civil (1804) – le plus fameux des cinq –, mais aussi le code de procédure civile (1806), le code de commerce (1807), le code d’instruction criminelle (1808) et le code pénal (1810). L’un des grands paradoxes de cette épopée française est d’avoir voulu imposer un système juridique commun à l’Europe et, ce faisant, d’avoir partout éveillé les nationalismes. La désaffection progressive des élites et des populations accompagne le désastre de Leipzig (octobre 1813), la campagne de France et le traité de Fontainebleau (juin 1814). L’acte final du congrès de Vienne (9 juin 1815) et la défaite de Waterloo (18 juin) consacrent l’effondrement de l’hégémonie française. Dans cette période charnière, les auteurs de doctrine écrivent. Tandis que des réformateurs proposent de prendre les codes français pour modèle, d’autres rejettent ou ignorent l’héritage de l’envahisseur. Tandis que certains font l’exégèse de la codification française, d’autres cherchent à l’insérer dans un paysage juridique européen où la comparaison est une nécessité. Parfois, les réactions aux codes mènent à la création : l’École historique du droit est ainsi fondée en 1814. La littérature juridique de ces pays, dans le crépuscule de l’occupation puis à l’aube des restaurations, témoigne d’une grande diversité, d’une évolution à la fois substantielle et méthodologique, et met en lumière l’existence de réseaux doctrinaux avec leurs pôles d’attraction. Examiner la façon dont les auteurs européens se positionnent face aux cinq codes français, c’est interroger un carrefour de l’histoire du droit en Europe
From 1793 onwards, Revolutionary and then Napoleonic France came to occupy half of Europe. The Belgian territories and Holland, a large part of the Swiss and German territories, Poland, the various Italian kingdoms and Spain were thus subjected, to varying degrees, to the French legal model, including its codified legislation: not only the Civil Code (1804) - the most famous of the five - but also the Code of Civil Procedure (1806), the Commercial Code (1807), the Code of Criminal Procedure (1808) and the Penal Code (1810). However, while it sought to impose a common legal system over Europe, France paradoxically aroused nationalism everywhere. The disaster of Leipzig (October 1813), the French campaign and the Treaty of Fontainebleau (June 1814) were accompanied by the growing disaffection of both the population and the elite towards Napoleon. The Congress of Vienna’s Final Act (9 June 1815) and the defeat at Waterloo (18 June) completed the collapse of French hegemony. During this watershed period, authors of doctrine were active. While some reformers suggested taking the French codes as a model, others rejected or ignored the legacy of the invader. While some produced exegetic commentaries of French codification, others sought to make it fit within the European legal landscape, necessarily leading to comparisons between models. Reactions to the codes sometimes led to creation as demonstrated by the founding of the Historical School of Law in 1814. The legal literature of these countries, in the twilight of the occupation and then at the dawn of the restorations, displays a great diversity and an evolution that is both substantial and methodological. Furthermore, it highlights the existence of doctrinal networks with their respective poles of attraction. To examine the way in which European authors position themselves in relation to the five French codes is to investigate a turning point in the history of law in Europe
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Fitzai, Corneliu-Ghiocel. "Origines et actualité du mouvement adventiste du septième jour en Roumanie." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040102.

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Les origines du Mouvement adventiste du septième jour en Roumanie transcendent les échecs des calculs des Millérites, millénaristes américains du XIXe siècle. Ce Mouvement s’enracine au coeur du Vieux continent et remonte à la Renaissance. L’essor intellectuel provoqué surtout par la lecture de la Bible, détonateur de la Réforme du XVIe siècle, de la Réforme radicale et de la Contre-Réforme produit des contestations et affrontements religieux qui entraînèrent la déchirure de la chrétienté occidentale et culminèrent dans les sanglantes Guerres de religion. Ces multiples tensions engendrèrent en Transylvanie le Mouvement sabbatarien. Ne jouissant d’aucune reconnaissance officielle en tant que religio recepta, victimes des persécutions et renonçant à vivre dans l’illégalité, certains des dirigeants de ce courent s’exilèrent, et la foi sabbatarienne essaima en Angleterre. La lente métamorphose en Mouvement baptiste du septième jour et son passage sur le continent américain préparèrent, trois siècles plus tard, sa rencontre inattendue avec un groupe de rescapés du Mouvement millérite. Le Mouvement adventiste du septième jour prit la relève et revint sur la terre ancestrale. Cette étude s’intéresse à l’adventisme en Roumanie pendant la monarchie et la dictature communiste, et fournit le cadre et les repères politiques, sociaux et culturels essentiels à la compréhension de son histoire
The origin of the Seventh-day Adventist Movement in Romania goes back beyond the failed calculations of the Millerites, who were American millenarians in the 19th century. This Movement has its roots in the Old Continent, and goes back to the Renaissance. The intellectual revival promoted by the reading of the Bible, prepared the 16th century Reformation, followed by the Radical Reformation and by the Counter-Reformation. All these movements of religious awakening inevitably produced a break within Western Christianity, opening the way to violence and to religious confrontations, culminating in the bloody Wars of religion. These multiple tensions gave birth to the Sabbatarian Movement in Transylvania. Deprived of any official recognition as a religio recepta and refusing to live in illegality, some of its leaders went into exile, and the Sabbatarian faith took root in England. Its slow metamorphosis into the Seventh-day Baptist Movement and its transfer to the American continent prepared, three centuries later, an unexpected meeting with a group that had survived the Millerite Movement. This transplant was a success : the Seventh-day Adventist Movement followed and with the time it returned to Romania. This study deals with this Movement in Romania during the monarchy and during the Communist dictatorship, and supplies the political, social and cultural framework and references necessary to an understanding of its history
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30

Frantzen, Henning-Andre. "NATO and peace support operations 1991-1999 : policies and doctrines." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407669.

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31

Apostolidis, Charalambos. "Doctrines juridiques et droit international : critique de la connaissance juridique." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100068.

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Les doctrines juridiques sont de pratiques théoriques qui opèrent à l'intérieur du champ de la connaissance juridique. Ce dernier se caractérise, par conséquent, par une pluralité de discours qui portent sur le réel juridique. Chaque doctrine définit un mode de connaissance de l'objet réel (droit international) qu'elle tend à expliquer selon sa propre manière. D'autre part l'objet juridique, en tant qu'objet de connaissance ne préexiste pas au discours qui l'énonce. Il y a ainsi un rapport dialectique indépassable entre celui-ci et l'objet de connaissance qu'il construit; des lors il s'agit d'intégrer les différentes possibilités discursives dans une démarche unitaire permettant de situer les clivages conceptuelles et de penser les divergences méthodologiques, tout en faisant la critique théorique du rapport discours objet.
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Apostolidis, Charalambos. "Doctrines juridiques et droit international critique de la connaissance juridique /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602390g.

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33

Steigerwald, Diane 1961. "L'imâmologie dans la doctrine ismaélienne nizarienne." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66129.

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34

Boisvert, Mathieu 1963. "A study of the five aggregates in Theravāda Buddhism : their order and their relation to the doctrine of the paṭiccasamuppāda." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39466.

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Although Buddhism denies the existence of a permanent individual entity, the tradition nevertheless makes frequent use of the "aggregate" scheme when asked to explain the elements at work in the individual. Through a detailed analysis of each of these five aggregates (pancakkhandha). I first intend to establish how the Theravada tradition views their interaction, with each other and with the external world. Secondly, I will attempt to offer strong evidence that the traditional order systematically used for the enumeration of the five aggregates is significant. This will be evidenced by establishing a correlation between the five aggregates and the eight middle links of the theory of dependent origination (paticcasamuppada). The results of my research will not only explain the psychosomatic workings of the individual--as viewed by the Theravada tradition--, but will clarify the mental process which, according to the Pali suttas, constitutes the grounds of transmigration.
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Silverman, Marjorie L. "A critical examination of the agnostic Buddhism of Stephen Batchelor /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33926.

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The current study examines the agnostic Buddhism of contemporary scholar and practitioner Stephen Batchelor. The main question under examination is whether the essence of Buddhism is undermined when interpreted through Batchelor's agnostic and "belief-free" lens. In an attempt to answer this question, Batchelor's main philosophical texts---Alone With Others, The Faith to Doubt, and Buddhism Without Beliefs---are analysed, as are three critiques of his work written by Bhikkhu Punnadhammo, Bhikkhu Bodhi, and Sangharakshita. It is concluded that while Batchelor is discarding many of the conventional trappings of Buddhism, he is not placing its integrity at risk.
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Wei, Lien-Yueh. "Doctrinalising dreams : patristic views of the nature of dreams and their relation to early Christian doctrines." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5462.

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Modern scholarship has generated several works on ancient Greco-Roman, Jewish or biblical oneirology, whereas it has never resulted in a book or monograph devoted solely to the study of patristic oneirology. Although many articles discuss the dreams in patristic texts, most of their authors do not analyse these dreams correctly in their doctrinal context, a context from which virtually all patristic dream narratives or discourses emerged. This thesis endeavours to remedy the deficiency in the construction of patristic views of dreams by a corresponding analytic approach. Numerous early Christian writers attempted to formulate a Christian dream theory, conceptualise dream phenomena, or interpret their own dreams or the dreams of prominent figures. This thesis argues that from their perspective, the nature of human-inspired dreams can be conceived of as creations of the soul, as indicators of the dreamer’s state and as moral reflection (Ch.1 to 3), that of demon-inspired dreams as demonic assault, temptation and deception (Ch.4) and finally that of divinely-inspired dreams as a site of epiphany, as divine messages and as the dynamic of faith reinforcement (Ch.5 to 7). In addition to investigating their thoughts on dreams, additional discussions of Greco-Roman, Jewish and biblical dream traditions will be provided as helpful references for readers to understand the background in which patristic oneirology was shaped and cultivated (Appendixes). Moreover, unlike pagan authors, these Christian writers did not elucidate dreams for oneirological, physiological or psychological purposes. Rather, their real agenda was to promulgate Christian doctrines, including the doctrines of man, asceticism, sin, demonology, God, Christology, revelation and eschatology. When they encountered dreams, they not only interpreted but doctrinalised them, just as they did to many other aspects of human life. Methodologically, they dogmatically expounded dreams so as to facilitate their dissemination of the doctrines. The making of patristic oneirology was essentially the propagation of dogmatics. Hermeneutically, they integrated doctrinal tenets into their explication of dreams. The doctrines defined the essence of dreams and even orientated their mission outside the dream world. Accordingly, their oneirological and doctrinal conceptions were intertwined and serve each other. This doctrinalised oneirology marked the birth of a new ideology of dreams in late antiquity. Hence, in each chapter the methodological and hermeneutical relationships between dreams and the related doctrine in patristic texts will be demonstrated. Due to these relationships, this thesis contends that the task of penetrating patristic views of dreams cannot be accomplished without analysing them in their doctrinal context; meanwhile, the doctrines cannot be fully represented without undertaking that task.
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Echiguer, Mohammed Haddou. "Al-Gahiz et sa doctrine mu'tazilite." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30035.

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Al-gahiz, abu utman amr b. Bahr, celebre prosateur arabe, auteur d'ouvrages d'adab de theologie mutazilite et de polemique politico-religieuse, naquit a basra vers 160 776 et y mourut en muharram, 255 decembre 868 - janvier 869. A baghdad al-gahiz trouva une riche nourriture dans les multiples traductions du grec entreprises sous le califat d'al-mamun, et l'etude des philosophes de l'an- tiquite - d'aristote notamment - lui permit, a la fois, d'elargir son horizon et de mettre au point sa propre doctrine theologique qu'il avait commence d'elaborer sous la direction des grands mutazilites contemporains tels an-nazzam et tumama b. Asras qui parait avoir exerce sur lui une puissante influence (ei2, ii, al. Ajdahiz, 395, art. De ch. Pellat). Il est curieux de constater qu'abu utman est surtout apprecie comme ecrivain et non comme mutakallim mutazilite. Ceux qui se sont interesses a ses travaux, n'ont ete attires que par son adab. Nous avons pu reconstituer la doctrine mutazilite d'al-gahiz a travers ses propres ouvrages qui constituent, a defaut d'informations sures et suffisantes, une documentation de premiere main. Ces ouvrages qui ont echappe aux mains des ennemis des mutazila, a cause de leur caractere d'adab sont : kitab at-tarbi wa-t-taduir, kitab al-hayawan, kitab-al-bayan - wa-t-tabyin, kitab al-buhala et quelques epitres (rasa'il) se rapportant a notre sujet. - dans notre essai sur la doctrine mutazilite d'al gahiz, nous avons mis en relief tout ce qui le distinguait des mutazila en general et de ses maitres an-nazzam et tumama b. Asras en particulier. Cette approche nous semble englober dans l'etat ac- tuel des etudes gahiziennes le maximum de ce qui nous est accessible, dans le do- maine des theories et des opinions personnelles d'abu'utman. Al-gahiz avait un message mutazilite a transmettre a la posterite. Il l'a confie tres habilement au kitab al-hayawan
Al-gahiz, abu utman amr b. Bahr, is a famous arab prose writer, author of several works of adab, mutazilit theology and politico-religious polemics. He was born in basra around 160 776 and died there in mouharram 255, december 868 january 869. In baghdad, al-gahiz found a rich cultural environment provided by numerous translations from the greek which were achieved under the califat al-mamun; moreover, the study of ancient philosophers, namely aristotle enabled him to widen his horizon and to come up with his own theological doctrine, which he had already started developing as a disciple of the great contemporary mutazilit such as an-nazzam and tumama b. Asras, who seems to have influenced him greatly (ei2 ii, al-djahiz, 395 art. De pellat). Oddly enough, abu utman is mostly valued as a writer, not a mutazilit mutakallim. Those who became interested in his work were attracted by his adab. We have been able to reconstruct al-gahiz mutazilit doctrine from his own writings, which are first hand documents, for lack of any reliable source of information these are works that have not been destroyed by the ennemy of the mutazilit, because they were perceived as works of adab. They are : kitab at-tarbi wa-t-taduir, kitab al hayawan, kitab al-bayan-wa-t-tabyin, kitab al-buhala, and few letters (rasail) that are relevant for our study. Our essay on al-gahiz mutazilit doctrine has brought out what distinguishes him from the mutazila in general, and in particular from his masters an-nazzam and tumama b. Asras. Given the state of the art in al-gahiz studies, this approach seems to cover most of what is available, as far as abu utman's theories and personal opinions are concerned. Al-gahiz had a mutazilit message to transmit to posterity, he did it very skilfully-to kitab al-hayawan
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38

Dalzell, Timothy Wayne. "The Anabaptist Purity of Life Ethic." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331869/.

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This dissertation establishes that the Evangelical Anabaptists lived a noticeably distinctive Christian life when compared with their peers, accounts for their committed pursuit of holiness, and describes the outcome of that commitment. The sources used include the arranged archival source material in the Tauferakten, confessions, tracts, letters, debates, martyrologies, miscellaneous writings of the Anabaptists, and subsequent scholarship on the subject.
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39

Östman, Hans. "Vilar doktriner för civil-militärt samarbete på aktuell forskning?" Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-212.

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Doktriner utgör väpnade styrkors viktigaste beskrivning avseende hur man avser använda militära medel för att uppnå politiska mål. För att tjäna sitt syfte bör doktriner utvecklas med rationella utgångspunkter som omvärldens utveckling och senaste forskning. Dock menar många att andra faktorer sprungna ur kulturella traditioner och organisationers särintressen påverkar tillkomsten av doktriner.

Civil-militärt samarbete har i moderna konflikter blivit allt mer betydelsefullt. Strategier för fredsfrämjande insatser i dagens komplexa konflikter bygger i allt högre grad på integrerade insatser mellan flera olika funktioner och aktörer. Civil-militärt samarbete har dock traditionellt haft en underordnad, stödjande roll i militära organisationer.

I denna uppsats undersöks forskningens roll i doktrinutveckling. Mer specifikt undersöks om doktriner inom det högaktuella området, civil-militärt samarbete, tagit till sig och omfattar den aktuella forskningen inom ämnesområdet. Storbritanniens och USA:s doktriner för civil-militärt samarbete har jämförts med aktuell forskning. Resultatet visar att dessa doktriner på ett bra sätt tillvaratagit forskningens uppfattningar. 


Doctrines constitute armed forces most important guidelines on how to achieve political objectives with military means. To serve its purpose doctrines should be developed on rational grounds based on current world situation and most recent research. However many thinks that other factors such as organisations cultures and special interests influence doctrinal development.

Civil-military cooperation has in contemporary conflicts gained in importance. Strategies in complex peace support operations are increasingly based on integrated approaches between various functions and actors. Civil-military operations have traditionally played a secondary and supportive role in military organisations.

This paper will study the role of scientific research in doctrinal development. More to the point, doctrines within the highly topical field of civil-military cooperation are tested regarding coherence with recent research. Doctrines concerning civil-military cooperation in Great Britain and United States have been compared to recent research. The result shows that these doctrines have taken care of relevant opinions within recent scientific research.

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40

Habets, Michael, and n/a. "�The danger of vertigo� : an evaluation and critique of Theosis in the theology of Thomas Forsyth Torrance." University of Otago. Department of Theology and Religious Studies, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070508.120857.

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The Christian tradition, both East and West, has developed various models and theories of the atonement as explanations of what it means to speak of the reconciling activity of God in Christ. Central to these has been the claim that God has reconciled the world to himself in Christ. One way of testifying to the reconciling love of God has been the adoption of the metaphor theosis (�divinization�, �deification�) as an explanation of salvation. While central to Eastern Orthodoxy, a doctrine of theosis also has a rich tradition within Western, especially Reformed theology. The Reformed theologian, Thomas Forsyth Torrance, represents an attempt to construct a soteriology that incorporates both Eastern and Western models of the atonement around the controlling metaphor of theosis. A close reading of his theology presents a robust and clearly articulated doctrine of theosis as a key way of expressing God�s reconciling activity in Christ. As the true Man and the last Adam, Christ represents the arche and telos of human existence, the one in whose image all humanity has been created and into whose likeness all humanity is destined to be transformed from glory to glory. Through the Incarnation the Son becomes human without ceasing to be divine, to unite humanity and divinity together and effect a �deification� of human nature, mediated to men and women who are said to be �in Christ� by the work of the Holy Spirit. By means of a �wonderful exchange� Christ takes what is ours and gives us what is his. For Torrance, this is the heart of atonement. The goal of humanity is worship, something Torrance defines as the gift of participating through the Spirit in the incarnate Son�s communion with the Father. The locus of worship, and thus of theosis, is the church, the communion of saints created by the fellowship of the Holy Spirit. Throughout Torrance�s doctrines of creation, anthropology, incarnation, reconciliation, and pneumato-ecclesiology, the concept of theosis plays a central and constitutive role in explaining a Christian theology of salvation. Theosis is thus foundational to Torrance�s theology and is one way in which he holds together in systematic fashion his diverse theological oeuvre.
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41

Hendricks, Mogamat Mahgadien. "A translation, with critical introduction, of Shaykh °Alawåi al-Risåalah al-Qawl al-Ma `råuf fåi al-Radd `alåa man Ankara al-Tasawwuf: A kind word in response to those who reject Sufism." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2152.

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Magister Artium - MA
The objective of this thesis was the translation of an original defence of Sufi practice titled "A Kind word in response to those who reject sufism" by Shaykh Aòhmad ibn Muòsòtafá °Alawåi. This book was written in defence of Sufis and Sufism. This research provide some notes on the life, spiritual heritage and writings of the Shaykh °Alawåi in conjunction with a critical introduction to complement the translated text. The Shaykh's methodology applied in his ijtihåad to validate and defend the Sufis and their practices was also reviewed.
South Africa
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42

Kalkhoran, Mir Hossein Abedian. "Penalty clauses and associated doctrines : a critical analysis of the penalty doctrine and its possible application to the similar areas of the law." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/802c0279-667a-4e3c-91de-4b1f1874e874.

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43

Yu, Kuo-Liang. "H.D.and Jung : Coherent Splendor in Search of Wholeness within Mystical Doctrines." 名古屋大学国際言語文化研究科国際多元文化専攻, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8262.

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44

Agha, Tehrani Morteza. "Sayyid Ḥaydar Āmulī (719-7871319-1385) : an overview of his doctrines." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23705.

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One of the outstanding scholars of his time, Sayyid Haydar Amuli (719-787/1319-1385) played an important role in the development of Shii 'Irfan, a tradition which traces its roots back to the Prophet Muhammad and the Imams. He gave his attention to the subject at a time when the Shia Islam began to develop its characteristic set of doctrines through the efforts of 'Allama Hilli and his son Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin in Iran and Iraq.
Sayyid Haydar lived at a time of great political and social upheaval. This thesis places Amuli within this context and describes his life in some detail. Moreover, a number of problems surrounding the corpus of his writings are resolved by a complete listing of his works.
Finally, we provide an overview of his doctrines, most especially his ideas concerning the people of sharia, tariqa and haqiqa. Amuli puts great effort into reconciling these three groups, although he consistently maintains a mystical approach in his works. While Amuli accepts Ibn 'Arabis metaphysical doctrines he criticizes his teachings on walaya and Imama. This thesis deals with the issue of Imama from the point of view of Amuli in detail.
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45

Parakala, Prabhakar. "Military regimes, security doctrines, and foreign policy : Brazil, Indonesia, and Ghana." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281944.

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46

Arminjon, Hachem Constance. "L'exercice de l'autorité dans le chisme duodécimain contemporain : doctrines et institutions." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0033.

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En identifiant la fonction du juriste religieux à l'autorité du Prophète, l'ayatollah Khomaynî voulut rétablir le modèle d'autorité idéal de l'islam. Erigé en représentant du dernier Imâm dans la Constitution iranienne, le valî-e faqîh tendit à abolir les obstacles historiques et théologiques de la tradition des Imâms. Conçue d'abord comme un remède à la sécularisation de la société, la velâyat-e faqîh assume une fonction de gouvernance dont le caractère religieux consiste essentiellement dans la finalité et le statut du détenteur de l'autorité. Cependant la plupart des marja chiites récusent l'unification des instances, invoquant la rupture irréversible créée par l'Occultation du dernier Imâm. En perpétuant un mode pluraliste et informel d'exercice de l'autorité, de même qu'en renouvelant les modalités de leurs relations avec les fidèles, ils témoignent de leur attachement à un fondement de l'institution du clergé chiite autant que de leur capacité d'adaptation à la modernité religieuse. En autre les marja ont su conserver une influence parfois décisive dans le champ sociopolitique. Tout en invoquant une commune histoire, les autorités religieuses chiites manifestent la plurivocité et le dynamisme de la tradition. Les deux institutions actualisent au sein même du champ clérical la bipolarité de l'autorité religieuse structurelle dans le chiisme. Tandis que la reconstruction des institutions étatiques iraquiennes représente un nouveau laboratoire pour la modernité politique dans le chiisme, plusieurs courants intellectuels en Iran tendent à un profond renouvellement du champ de l'autorité par une ouverture de la pensée religieuse
If pluralism was always inherent in shi'ite religious authority, it has taken a new form since the establishment of a clerical government in Iran in 1979. The institution of the "Guardianship of the Jurist (velâyat-e faqih) after the Islamic Revolution has brought about an unprecedented blossoming of political thought as weil as the diversification of religious functions within Shi'ism. Despite the power of the Iranian valî-e faqîh, the persistent plurality and multipolarity of the marâji' have revealed an irreducible dualism of authority functions, and indeed the bipolarization of religious authority. In fact, both religious institutions (the velâyat-e faqîh and the marja 'iy'ya) assume distinctive ways of adaptation to modernity. The religious aspect of the state institution of velâyat-e faqih mainly consists in the religious purpose of the governance and in the status of the leader, a religious jurist. Thus it can adapt to political modernity. On the other hand due to its inherent pluralism and to its informal mode of guidance, the marja'iy'ya seems able to meet the needs religious modernity. Thus the shi'ite religious institutions testify the high dynamism and pluralism in the tradition. Besides, a current trend among the clerics in Iran tends to renew the whole field of authority through new conceptions of religion itself
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Homedes-Palau, Marc. "Le mariage comme "res sacra" et comme consécration sacramentelle dans le magistère de l'église catholique : contribution d'histoire doctrinale à une théologie de la "consecratio sui generis" du sacrement de mariage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAK006.

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La thèse examine le développement de la doctrine du sacrement de mariage entre le pape Pie VIII (1829) et le pape François (2022) sous l’angle de deux notions : la sacralité du mariage et sa consécration sacramentelle. La première apparaît comme une notion clé jusqu’au concile Vatican II, mais perd ensuite son importance, bien que Jean-Paul II l’ait remise en valeur dans un discours en 2003. Le mariage est – déjà en tant qu’institution naturelle – une « res sacra », une réalité sacrée en lien avec Dieu. La notion de consécration émerge dans le Magistère en 1930 et se réfère plus directement au mariage chrétien, dans sa spécificité de sacrement de la Loi nouvelle. L’usage de cette notion est hésitant dans un premier temps (les époux sont « comme consacrés ») et son sens ne sera approfondi que par Jean-Paul II. Deux lignes d’interprétation vont se développer : une ligne morale, fondée sur la pensée de Pie XI, et une ligne ecclésiologique, fondée sur la pensée de Pie XII. Bien que la première ait dominé la réflexion jusqu’aux catéchèses de Jean-Paul II sur l’amour humain (1984), c’est la seconde qui passera ensuite au premier plan. Le pape François la consolidera. La thèse accorde une attention particulière aux travaux du Concile, ainsi qu’au magistère de Jean-Paul II et du pape François
The thesis examines the development of the doctrine of the sacrament of marriage between Pope Pius VIII (1829) and Pope Francis (2022) from the perspective of two notions: the sacredness of marriage and its sacramental consecration. The first appeared as a key notion until the Second Vatican Council, but then lost its importance, although John Paul II re-emphasized it in a speech in 2003. Marriage is – already as a natural institution – a “res sacra”, a sacred reality in relation to God. The notion of consecration emerged in the Magisterium in 1930 and refers more directly to Christian marriage, in its specificity as a sacrament of the New Law. The use of this notion is hesitant at first (spouses receive “a kind of consecration”) and its meaning will only be deepened by John Paul II. Two lines of interpretation will develop: a moral line, based on the thought of Pius XI, and an ecclesiological line, based on the thought of Pius XII. Although the first one dominated reflection until the catecheses of John Paul II on human love (1984), it is the second one which will then come to the fore. Pope Francis will consolidate it. The thesis pays particular attention to the work of the Council, as well as to the magisterium of John Paul II and Pope Francis
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48

Gabrani, Majida Badruddin. "The concept of "Imâmah" in the works of ʻAlī Sharîʻatî (1933-77 A.D.) /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66165.

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49

Cheung, Tsui-lan Liza, and 張翠蘭. "Doctrines of spiritual praxis from Abhidharma to Mahāyāna Yogācāra : with special reference to the Śrāvakabhūmiḥ of the Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209436.

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This study examines the Śrāvakabhūmih of the Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra with the aim of identifying the doctrines of spiritual praxis from Abhidharma to Mahāyāna Yogācāra. The hypothesis posited is that the spiritual praxis of the Mahāyāna Yogācāra is modified from the practice of the Śrāvakayāna yogācāra-s, the early meditation practitioners whose practices were closely related to the Abhidharma. Two questions have been set for this investigation; the first question being: Is the spiritual praxis of the Śrāvakayāna yogācāra-s actually related to the Abhidharma tradition, and if so how? The second question is: How much influence did the practice of the Śrāvakayāna yogācāra-s have on the evolution of the spiritual praxis of the Mahāyāna Yogācāra and what new developments, if any, were there? Together, the answers to these two questions will reveal how far the hypothesis set for this study is justified. This research starts with accumulation of knowledge around the identity of the yogācāra-s as meditation practitioners in early Buddhism, the different phases of the Mahāyāna Yogācāra school, the structure and contents of the Śrāvakabhūmih and the current reports on the relationship between the practice of the Śrāvakayāna yogācāra-s and the Mahāyāna Yogācāra. In order to bring out the profound practice of the Śrāvakabhūmih, an English translation of the important teachings in the Yogasthāna III of the Śrāvakabhūmih has been attempted. A key section of this research is the analysis and discussion of the findings with appropriate passages from two major groups of texts: (a) the Abhidharma texts and (b) the Mahāyāna Yogācāra texts. These texts include: (a) the Abhidharmasangītiparyāya-pāda-śāstra ( 阿毘達磨異門足論), the Abhidharma-dharmaskandha-pāda-śāstra (阿毘達磨法藴足論), and the *Abhidharma-mahāvibhā āśāstra ( 阿毘達磨大毘婆沙論); (b) the Samāhitābhūmi_ ( 三摩呬多地), Cintāmayībhūmih ( 思所成地), Bodhisattvabhūmih ( 菩薩地) and the Viniścayasamgrahanī ( 攝決擇分) of the Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra, the Sandhinirmocana-sūtra (解深密經), liu men jiao shou xi ding lun (六門教授習定論) and the Abhidharmasamuccaya-bhā yam-śāstra (大乘阿毘達磨雜集論). The findings of this preliminary study show that the practices of the Śrāvakayāna yogācāra-s are indeed systematic re-organizations of Abhidharma materials with elaborated details and the Mahāyāna Yogācāra did establish their spiritual praxis on the foundation of these practices of the early meditation practitioners modified with new theories and explanations. Thus, it can be concluded that the spiritual praxis of the Mahāyāna Yogācāra was indeed modified from the practices of the Śrāvakayāna yogācāra-s, the early meditation practitioners whose practices are closely related to the Abhidharma.
published_or_final_version
Buddhist Studies
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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50

Wang, Youxuan. "Madhyamaka Vijnanavada and deconstruction : a comparative study of the semiotics in Kumarajiva, Paramartha, Xuanzang and Derrida." Thesis, Bath Spa University, 1999. http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/1440/.

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