Journal articles: 'Docosahexaenoic acid'

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Richard, Caroline, and Philip C. Calder. "Docosahexaenoic Acid." Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal 7, no. 6 (November 2016): 1139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.116.012963.

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YAZAWA, Kazunaga. "Docosahexaenoic Acid." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 52, no. 12 (1994): 1089–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.52.1089.

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Calder, Philip C. "Docosahexaenoic Acid." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 69, Suppl. 1 (2016): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000448262.

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain, highly unsaturated omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid. It has a structure that gives it unique physical and functional properties. DHA is metabolically related to other n-3 fatty acids: it can be synthesised from the plant essential fatty acid α-linolenic acid (ALA). However, this pathway does not appear to be very efficient in many individuals, although the conversion of ALA to DHA is much better in young women than in young men. Furthermore, young infants may be more efficient converters of ALA to DHA than many adults, although the conversion rate is variable among infants. Many factors have been identified that affect the rate of conversion. The implication of poor conversion is that preformed DHA needs to be consumed. DHA is found in fairly high amounts in seafood, especially fatty fish, and in various forms of n-3 supplements. The amount of DHA in seafood and in supplements varies. Breast milk contains DHA. DHA is found esterified into complex lipids within the bloodstream, in adipose stores and in cell membranes. Its concentration in different compartments varies greatly. The brain and eye have high DHA contents compared to other organs. DHA is especially concentrated in the grey matter of the brain and in the rod outer segments of the retina. In the brain DHA is involved in neuronal signalling, while in the eye it is involved in the quality of vision. DHA is accumulated in the brain and eye late in pregnancy and in early infancy. A lower DHA content is linked to poorer cognitive development and visual function. DHA affects cell and tissue physiology and function through numerous mechanisms, including alterations in membrane structure and function, in membrane protein function, in cellular signalling and in lipid mediator production.

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Irwanto and Ilham Ikhtiar. "A quick glance at docosahexaenoic acid fortification in formulated milk for infants, from animal models to clinical studies: a review." Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna 18, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pimr.2022.0004.

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Docosahexaenoic acid is a fatty acid found naturally in plants oil, fish oil, fish meat, seafood flaxseed, algae, and egg yolk. It is one of the long-chain unsaturated fatty acids that are important for human biochemistry. As an important component of grey matter, docosahexaenoic acid is subject to intense research in the field of neurodevelopmental study. It is needed mainly in the third trimester of pregnancy for optimal foetal brain growth and mother’s docosahexaenoic acid intake is known to be important in supplying the foetal needs. However, arguments still exist on whether docosahexaenoic acid status is essential or non-essential for infants, especially in the preterm infant population. In the past, strong arguments coming from translational studies showed the benefits of supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid in developing foetuses and infants. Hence, docosahexaenoic acid supplementation has long existed as commercially available docosahexaenoic acid-fortified formula milk. However, the benefit of this supplementation remains controversial after follow-up in human-based studies and clinical trials. The discovery of the fatty acid desaturase gene and its significance in regulating human docosahexaenoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids levels also seemed to give new evidence basis for docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in infants. This literature review attempts to explain the current understanding of clinical benefit of docosahexaenoic acid-fortified milk for infants, starting from the translational study level to clinical trials.

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&NA;. "Docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 740 (February 1999): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199907400-00016.

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&NA;. "Eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 817 (September 2000): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200008170-00015.

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Niemoller, Tiffany D., and Nicolas G. Bazan. "Docosahexaenoic acid neurolipidomics." Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 91, no. 3-4 (April 2010): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.09.005.

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Appolinário, Patricia Postilione, Danilo Bilches Medinas, Ohara Augusto, and Sayuri Miyamoto. "SOD1 Aggregation Induced by Docosahexaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Hydroperoxides." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 49 (January 2010): S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.10.454.

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Engler, Mary B. "Effect of omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic, on norepinephrine-induced contractions." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-086.

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The relaxant responses of the rat thoracic aorta to omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic, on norepinephrine- and potassium-induced contractions were investigated. Relaxation was enhanced in vessels contracted with norepinephrine. Docosahexaenoic acid at concentrations as low as 1, 3, and 10 μM evoked significant relaxant responses (15, 23, 30%) in norepinephrine-contracted vessels as compared with responses (5, 9, 12%) in potassium-contracted vessels. Results for eicosapentaenoic acid under similar conditions were 3, 8, and 19% in norepinephrine-contracted vessels and 3, 3, and 8% in potassium-contracted vessels. Pretreatment with eicosapentaenoic (10 μM) or docosahexaenoic acids (1–10 μM) decreased the contractile response to physiologic concentrations of norepinephrine. In the presence of calcium-free medium, the omega-3 fatty acids (1–30 μM) significantly abolished sustained norepinephrine contractions but did not reduce the phasic contractions when incubated prior to norepinephrine contraction. Comparatively, the effects of docosahexaenoic acid were greater than eicosapentaenoic acid. These findings suggest that the relaxant effects of the omega-3 fatty acids are specific to the mode of contraction, i.e., α-adrenoceptor stimuli. This effect may be related to intracellular calcium mechanisms, since both fatty acids reversed norepinephrine-induced sustained contractions in the absence of extracellular calcium.Key words: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, vascular responses, fish oils.

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Mizugaki, M., T. Hishinuma, and M. Nishikawa. "Docosahexaenoic acid: An update." Drug News & Perspectives 12, no. 7 (1999): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dnp.1999.12.7.863642.

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Jensen, Craig L., and Alexandre Lapillonne. "Docosahexaenoic acid and lactation." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 81, no. 2-3 (August 2009): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2009.05.006.

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Namani, Trishool, Takashi Ishikawa, Kenichi Morigaki, and Peter Walde. "Vesicles from docosahexaenoic acid." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 54, no. 1 (January 2007): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.05.022.

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Rossoni, Giuseppe, and Bojidar M. Stankov. "Alpha-lipoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid." Nutrafoods 9, no. 3 (July 2010): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03223338.

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Alhakamy, Nabil A., Hibah M. Aldawsari, Khaled M. Hosny, Javed Ahmad, Sohail Akhter, Ahmed K. Kammoun, Adel F. Alghaith, Hani Z. Asfour, Mohammed W. Al-Rabia, and Shadab Md. "Formulation design and pharmacokinetic evaluation of docosahexaenoic acid containing self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for oral administration." Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 10 (January 1, 2020): 184798042095098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847980420950988.

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Docosahexaenoic acid is a omega-3-fatty acid which together with other long-chain omega-3-fatty acid known to have protective effect against various diseases including hypertension, myocardial infarction, Alzheimer disease, and cancers. Poor bioavailability owning to limited aqueous solubility limits its effective therapeutic delivery. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems are known to enhance the systemic absorption of poorly bioavailable lipophilic bioactive/therapeutics compounds. The purpose of this work was to investigate the potential of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems produced by spontaneous nanoemulsification to enhance the oral bioavailability of docosahexaenoic acid. Initially, the screening of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant was carried out by determining the miscibility and emulsifiability of the component with docosahexaenoic acid. Docosahexaenoic acid-containing self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems were prepared using Capryol 90, Tween 20, and polyethylene glycol 200 due to their excellent miscibility and emulsifiability with docosahexaenoic acid. Docosahexaenoic acid-containing self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems’ droplet size, size distribution, and zeta potential were found to be 111.5 ± 4.2 nm, 0.269 ± 0.05 nm, and −23.53 ± 2.9 mV, respectively. The in vitro drug release and ex vivo absorption studies showed better in vitro release and intestinal absorption as compared to docosahexaenoic acid aqueous dispersion. In vivo studies demonstrated a significant increase ( p < 0.001) in the oral bioavailability of docosahexaenoic acid-containing self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems in comparison to a docosahexaenoic acid aqueous dispersion. This indicated the potential of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems as an effective unit dosage form for the oral delivery of docosahexaenoic acid.

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Jørgensen, Marianne Hørby, Gunhild Hølmer, Pia Lund, Olle Hernell, and Kira Fleischer Michaelsen. "Effect of Formula Supplemented with Docosahexaenoic Acid andγ‐Linolenic Acid on Fatty Acid Status and Visual Acuity in Term Infants." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 26, no. 4 (April 1998): 412–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1998.tb00809.x.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Docosahexaenoic acid is present in high concentration in retina and does not influence visual development in preterm infants. It is still under discussion whether docosahexaenoic acid is important for visual development in term infants.Methods:Thirty‐seven infants fed formula for a median of 14 days were randomized at median age of 25 days to three formulas: a) DHAGF: 0.3 wt% docosahexaenoic acid and 0.5 wt% γ‐linolenic acid; b) DHAF 0.3 wt% docosahexaenoic acid; or c) STF: standard formula without long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and 17 breast‐fed infants were observed, using blood samples and anthropometric measurements from 1 to 4 months of age. At 4 months, visual acuity was measured by swept steadystate visual evoked potential. A cross‐sectional study on 25 breast‐fed infants was carried out as a reference group for the analyses.Results:Infants fed the two docosahexaenoic acid‐supplemented formula had relative docosahexaenoic acid concentrations in red blood cell phospholipids almost as high as those in breast‐fed infants, whereas infants in the standard formula group had significantly lower levels. The addition of γ‐linolenic acid to the formula had a positive effect on red blood cell arachidonic acid levels, compared with levels obtained using fish oil only. Visual acuity was significantly different among all feeding groups (analysis of variance;p = 0.05, means ± standard deviation: breast‐fed, 0.37± 0.06 logMAR; DHAF and DHAGF combined, 0.40 ± 0.07 logMAR; and standard formula 0.44 ± 0.07 logMAR. However, there was no statistical difference among the formula groups. In a multiple regression analysis including all formula‐fed infants, weight at delivery (p = 0.002), but not type of formula, was significantly associated with visual acuity at 4 months of age.Conclusions:The addition of docosahexaenoic acid resulted in concentrations in red blood cells at similar levels as those in breast‐fed infants, whereas the increase in visual acuity did not reach significance. The addition ofγ‐linolenic acid resulted in higher arachidonic acid concentrations in red blood cells.

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Vinogradov, I. V., A. R. Zhivulko, L. M. Vinogradova, and S. V. Korolev. "Docosahexaenoic acid in the treatment of male infertility." Andrology and Genital Surgery 19, no. 4 (December 23, 2018): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2070-9781-2018-19-4-21-27.

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Literature review is devoted to the analysis of modern data on the use of docosahexaenoic acid in the treatment of male infertility. A brief description of modern ideas about the possible causes of male infertility (a disturbance of function of the cell membrane and genetic damage of sperm) was conducted. The data on the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are described in detail. The bioavailability of docosahexaenoic acid and the choice of drugs containing it for the treatment of male infertility are discussed. Increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular docosahexaenoic acid, in the sperm membrane was associated with higher ejaculate quality. Therapy with the use of these substances led to the improvement of standard indicators of semen and a decrease in the proportion of sperm with fragmented DNA.

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Martinez, Manuela. "Docosahexaenoic acid therapy in docosahexaenoic acid-deficient patients with disorders of peroxisomal biogenesis." Lipids 31, no. 1 (March 1996): S145—S152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02637067.

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Kujawska, Natalia, Szymon Talbierz, Marcin Dębowski, Joanna Kazimierowicz, and Marcin Zieliński. "Cultivation Method Effect on Schizochytrium sp. Biomass Growth and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Production with the Use of Waste Glycerol as a Source of Organic Carbon." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 2952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102952.

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Inexpensive carbon sources offering an alternative to glucose are searched for to reduce costs of docosahexaenoic acid production by microalgae. The use of waste glycerol seems substantiated and prospective in this case. The objective of this study was to determine the production yield of heterotrophic microalgae Schizochytrium sp. biomass and the efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid production in various types of cultures with waste glycerol. Cultivation conditions were optimized using the Plackett–Burman method and Response Surface Methodology. The highest technological performance was obtained in the fed-batch culture, where the concentration of Schizochytrium sp. biomass reached 103.44 ± 1.50 g/dm3, the lipid concentration in Schizochytrium sp. biomass was at 48.85 ± 0.81 g/dm3, and the docosahexaenoic acid concentration at 21.98 ± 0.36 g/dm3. The highest docosahexaenoic acid content, accounting for 61.76 ± 3.77% of total fatty acids, was determined in lipid bodies of the Schizochytrium sp. biomass produced in the batch culture, whereas the lowest one, accounting for 44.99 ± 2.12% of total fatty acids, in those of the biomass grown in the fed-batch culture.

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Hoffman, Dennis R., Eileen E. Birch, David G. Birch, Ricardo Uauy, Yolanda S. Castañeda, Maia G. Lapus, and Dianna H. Wheaton. "Impact of Early Dietary Intake and Blood Lipid Composition of Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Later Visual Development." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 31, no. 5 (November 2000): 540–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2000.tb07178.x.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundIn contrast to human milk, current infant formulas in the United States do not contain ω3 and ω6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. This may lead to suboptimal blood lipid fatty acid profiles and to a measurable diminution of visual function in developing term infants. The need for docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid supplementation in the infant diet was evaluated in a double‐blind, randomized clinical trial.MethodsHealthy term infants were randomized to diets of (1) commercial formula, (2) docosahexaenoic acid–enriched formula (0.35% of total fatty acids), or (3) docosahexaenoic acid– (0.36%) and arachidonic acid– (0.72%) enriched formula. Eighty‐seven infants completed the 17‐week nutritional trial, and 58 were observed until 52 weeks of life. A reference group was exclusively breast fed for at least 17 weeks (n = 29). Outcome measures included electroretinographic responses, visual evoked potentials, and blood fatty acid analysis in infants at birth and at 6, 17, and 52 weeks of age.ResultsCommercial formula‐fed infants had 30% to 50% lower content of docosahexaenoic acid in total red blood cell lipids during the 17‐week feeding trial compared with breast‐fed infants. Significant differences persisted at the 1‐year follow‐up. Arachidonic acid content was consistently reduced in the commercial formula group by 15% to 20%. Infants fed long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid–enriched formulas had docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid blood lipid profiles resembling those of human milk‐fed infants. Infants receiving this enriched formula had more mature electroretinographic responses than commercial formula‐fed infants at 6 weeks of age. Human milk‐fed and docosahexaenoic acid‐enriched formula‐fed infants had better visual acuity than commercial formula‐fed infants at both 17 and 52 weeks of age. Early (17‐week) fatty acid profiles in blood lipids were correlated with later (52‐week) visual function development in study infants.ConclusionsResults from this clinical trial demonstrate that long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of formula in term infants produces blood lipid fatty acid profiles that are similar to those observed in breast‐fed infants. This supplementation leads to better visual function later in life (i.e., 1 year of age) than that shown by infants fed commercial formula.

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Kralik, Gordana, Zlata Kralik, Eva Straková, Manuela Grčević, and Danica Hanžek. "Enriched eggs as a source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for humans." Acta Veterinaria Brno 86, no. 3 (2017): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201786030293.

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The aim of the research was to enrich eggs with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by using plant oils and fish oil as dietary supplements in laying hens’ feed. The focus was put on the effect of the daily consumption of 100 g of egg yolk, i.e. 100 g of egg mass, on the human health. The 1st group of laying hens was fed a diet containing soybean and fish oil, and the 2nd group was given feed containing a combination of linseed, rapeseed, soybean, and fish oils. Eggs laid by the 2nd group contained 4.73% α-linolenic acid, 0.20% eicosapentaenoic acid and 2.37% docosahexaenoic acid (% of total fatty acids in yolk lipids, P < 0.001), which marks an increase of × 4.04 for α-linolenic acid, × 3.33 for eicosapentaenoic acid, and × 1.75 for docosahexaenoic acid compared to eggs laid by the 1st group. Total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in eggs of the 2nd group were × 2.8 higher than in the 1st first group. Calculated per 100 g of eggs of the 2nd group, the intake for the human body corresponds to 435 mg α-linolenic acid, 18.43 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, and 218.2 mg docosahexaenoic acid.

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&NA;. "Docosahexaenoic acid/arachidonic acid enhances preterm growth." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1348 (July 2002): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200213480-00044.

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Stillwell, William. "Docosahexaenoic acid: a most unusual fatty acid." Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 153, no. 1 (May 2008): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.02.012.

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Strandvik, Birgitta, Wanda K. O´ Neal, Mohamed A. Ali, and Ulf Hammar. "Low linoleic and high docosahexaenoic acids in a severe phenotype of transgenic cystic fibrosis mice." Experimental Biology and Medicine 243, no. 5 (March 2018): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370218758605.

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Low linoleic acid concentration is a common finding in patients with cystic fibrosis and associated with severe clinical phenotype. Low docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids are more inconsistently found in patients, but arachidonic/docosahexaenoic ratio is usually high. In animal models with cftr mutations or KO animals for the cftr gene, linoleic acid deficiency has not been consistently reported and some report docosahexaenoic deficiency as the major fatty acid abnormality. We hereby describe fatty acid profile in a severe clinical cystic fibrosis phenotype in mice with a duplication of exon 3 generated in the cystic fibrosis gene of C57B1/6J mice ( cftrm1 Bay allele). In 43/50 animals, plasma phospholipid fatty acids were repeatedly analyzed (mean three times/animal) covering ages between 7 and 235 days. Linoleic acid concentrations were significantly lower in cftr−/− mice compared to heterozygotes ( P = 0.03) and wild type mice ( P < 0.001). Females had significantly lower linoleic acid than males, not related to age. Arachidonic acid did not differ but docosahexaenoic acid was higher in cftr−/− than in wild type mice ( P < 0.001). The arachidonic/docosahexaenoic acid ratio did not differ but arachidonic/linoleic acid ratio was higher in cftr−/− mice compared to wild type mice ( P = 0.007). Similar to clinical studies, type of mutation is important for lipid abnormality with low linoleic acid most consistently found in the animals. Rodents differ in metabolism by synthesizing docosahexaenoic acid more efficiently comparing to humans, suggesting greater influence by diet. Precaution seems important when comparing animal and humans. Impact statement In translational research, animal models are important to investigate the effect of genetic mutations in specific diseases and their metabolism. Special attention has to be given to differences in physiology and metabolism between species and humans, which otherwise can hazard the conclusions. Our work illustrates that the different synthesis capacity in mice and humans for DHA would explain different results in different models for cystic fibrosis and different influences of diets. To avoid disappointing clinical results, these facts have to be considered before extensive clinical studies are started based on results from single animal studies.

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Van Houwelingen, Adriana C., Janny Dalby Søsrensen, Gerard Hornstra, Marianne M. G. Simonis, Jane Boris, Sjurdur F. Olsen, and Niels J. Secher. "Essential fatty acid status in neonates after fish-oil supplementation during late pregnancy." British Journal of Nutrition 74, no. 5 (November 1995): 723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950175.

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Healthy pregnant women (n 23) were supplemented with fish-oil capsules (2·7 g n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids/d) from the 30th week of gestation until delivery. Subjects in a control group were either supplemented with olive-oil capsules (4 g/d, n 6) or received no supplementation (n 10). Fatty acid compositions of the phospholipids isolated from umbilical plasma and umbilical arterial and venous vessel walls were determined. Fatty acid compositions of maternal venous plasma phospholipids were determined as well. Maternal plasma phospholipids of the fish-oil-supplemented group contained more n-3 fatty acids and less n-6 fatty acids. Moreover, the amounts of the essential fatty acid deficiency markers Mead acid (20:3n-9) and Osbond acid (22:5n-6) were significantly lower. The extra amount of n-3 fatty acids consumed by the mothers resulted in higher contents of n-3 fatty acids, and of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) in particular, in the phospholipids of umbilical plasma and vessel walls. It is, indeed, possible to interfere with the docosahexaenoic acid status at birth: children born to mothers supplemented with fish oil in the last trimester of pregnancy start with a better docosahexaenoic acid status at birth, which may be beneficial to neonatal neurodevelopment.

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Weydert, J. A. "Docosahexaenoic Acid and Head Trauma." AAP Grand Rounds 36, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.36-1-8.

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Nakamura, Norio, Tomohito Hamazaki, and Masashi Kobayashi. "Physiological effects of docosahexaenoic acid." Ensho 13, no. 1 (1993): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2492/jsir1981.13.17.

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YAZAWA, Kazunaga, and Haruo KAGEYAMA. "Physiological Activity of Docosahexaenoic Acid." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 40, no. 10 (1991): 974–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.40.974.

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Makrides, Maria, and Karen Best. "Docosahexaenoic Acid and Preterm Birth." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 69, Suppl. 1 (2016): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000448263.

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Preterm birth accounts for more than 85% of all perinatal complications and deaths. There are many short- and long-term consequences of being born too soon. These infants often require intensive care and are at increased risk of early morbidities often with life-long sequelae. Approximately 50% of all preterm births have unknown or unclear causes, and there are no effective primary prevention strategies in widespread clinical use. Epidemiological studies have observed an increased length of gestation in populations with high fish consumption. These findings have led to randomised controlled trials of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation which show that these dietary agents may delay the timing of birth and may have value as a prophylactic intervention in some women. This review presents the available evidence and discusses the relationship between prenatal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy and the incidence of preterm birth.

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Harris, W. S., R. De Caterina, and P. E. Marik. "Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl esters ineffective?" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 25 (May 13, 2013): E2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1305038110.

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YAZAWA, Kazunaga. "Docosahexaenoic Acid in Fish Oil." Kobunshi 45, no. 6 (1996): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.45.396.

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Linko, Y. Y., and K. Hayakawa. "Docosahexaenoic acid: A valuable nutraceutical?" Trends in Food Science & Technology 7, no. 2 (February 1996): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-2244(96)81329-x.

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Yoshida, Satoshi. "Structural Significance of Docosahexaenoic Acid." Journal of Lipid Nutrition 26, no. 1 (2017): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4010/jln.26.9.

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Blankenship, Jeanne. "Increasing Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 105, no. 7 (July 2005): 1103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.05.191.

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Morris, Martha Clare. "Docosahexaenoic Acid and Alzheimer Disease." Archives of Neurology 63, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.63.11.1527.

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Kuratko, Connye N., and Norman Salem. "Docosahexaenoic acid from algal oil." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 115, no. 9 (June 25, 2013): 965–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201300060.

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Kuda, Ondrej. "Bioactive metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid." Biochimie 136 (May 2017): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2017.01.002.

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Majdoubi, Fatima-Zahra, Redouane Benhima, Anouar Ouizgane, Sana Farid, Mohammed Droussi, Giulia Guerriero, and Mustapha Hasnaoui. "Ova Fatty Acids Composition and Spawning Performances of Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Morocco)." Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 20, no. 12 (November 6, 2020): 879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v20_12_04.

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The present study is performed in order to determine the relationship between fatty acid (FA) profile of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) eggs and fertilization success, embryos viability and larval production. Mature unfertilized ova were collected during the reproductive season from 23 mature and healthy females, reared in Deroua fish farm (Morocco). Total lipids were extracted from ova sample and subjected to trans-esterification then the resulting fatty acids methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). The results showed that silver carp ova are dominated on total FA by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (21.21%) followed by oleic acid (21.07%), palmitic acid (17.71%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (10.25%). During the breeding season, polyunsaturateds (PUFAs), monounsaturateds (MUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) didn’t show any significant difference. Moreover, within the PUFAs, the n-3 series were more abundant than the n-6 series, the total mean was 31.57 ± 1.01% and 5.33 ± 0.32%, respectively. No correlation was between fatty acids and the fertilization success. Maternal weight has effect on the levels of oleic acid (C18:1), arachidonic acid (C20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) in the egg whereas levels of palmetoleic acid (C16:1), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) are related to female age.

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Bortolozo, Eliana Aparecida Fagundes Queiroz, Elenise Sauer, Marli da Silva Santos, Sueli Regina Baggio, Guataçara dos Santos Junior, Paulo Vitor Farago, Lys Mary Bileski Cândido, and Luiz Alberto Pilatti. "Supplementation with the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid: influence on the lipid composition and fatty acid profile of human milk." Revista de Nutrição 26, no. 1 (February 2013): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-52732013000100003.

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OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the impact of supplementing the diet of women during pregnancy and lactation with fish oil containing the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid, and its influence on the composition of human milk. METHODS: The sample comprised 60 women aged 18 to 38 years with appropriate dietary pattern, all of them healthy and nonsmokers. The intervention consisted of a daily supplementation with fish oil capsules that corresponded to a daily intake of 315mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 80mg of eicosapentaenoic acid during the third trimester of pregnancy and the first three months postpartum. The total fat content and fatty acid profile of their milk were determined by creamatocrit and gas chromatography. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and the significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the fat contents of the study (fish oil capsules) and control (capsules containing corn starch as filler) groups. However, the milk of women taking fish oil contained higher docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid levels 30 and 60 days after delivery. These results demonstrate that high omega-3 intake can influence its concentration in human milk. CONCLUSIONS: Given the importance of docosahexaenoic acid in the neonatal period, it is appropriate for pregnant and breastfeeding women to supplement on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may be done by adding fish oil to the regular diet.

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Spiegel, Christopher, Stephan Josef Maria Steixner, and Débora C. Coraça-Huber. "Antibiofilm Activity of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Its Influence on the Expression of Biofilm Formation Genes on Staphylococcus aureus." Antibiotics 11, no. 7 (July 11, 2022): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070932.

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Background: Currently, 1–2% of all prosthetic joint surgeries are followed by an infection. These infections cause approximately 4% of deaths in the first year after surgery, while the 5-year mortality rate is up to 21%. Prosthetic joint infections are mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermis strains. Both species share the capability of biofilm formation and methicillin resistance. The formation of biofilm helps bacterial cells to withstand critical environmental conditions. Due to their tolerance against antibacterial substances, biofilms are a significant problem in modern medicine. Alternatives for the use of methicillin as a therapeutic are not yet widespread. The use of omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid, may help against prosthetic joint infections and lower mortality rates. The aim of this study is to evaluate if docosahexaenoic acid offers a safe anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA without enhancing icaADBC-dependent biofilm formation or additional stress responses, therefore enhancing antibiotic tolerance and resistance. Methods: In this study, we examined the gene expression of biofilm-associated genes and regulators. We performed RT-qPCR after RNA extraction of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and one clinical MRSA strain. We compared gene expression of icaADBC, SarA, SigB, and agrAC under the influence of 1.25 mg /L and 0.625 mg/L of docosahexaenoic acid to their controls. Results: We found a higher expression of regulatory genes such as SarA, SigB, agrA, and agrC at 1.25 mg/L of docosahexaenoic acid in ATCC 29213 and a lower increase in gene expression levels in clinical MRSA isolates. icaADBC was not affected in both strains at both concentration levels by docosahexaenoic acid. Conclusions: Docosahexaenoic acid does not enhance icaADBC-dependent biofilm formation while still reducing bacterial CFU in biofilms. Docosahexaenoic acid can be considered an option as a therapeutic substance against biofilm formation and may be a good alternative in reducing the risk of MRSA formation.

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Montgomery, Colette, Brian K. Speake, Alan Cameron, Naveed Sattar, and Lawrence T. Weaver. "Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and fetal accretion." British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 1 (July 2003): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2003888.

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n−3) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that is an essential constituent of membranes, particularly of the nervous system. Infants acquire DHA from their mothers, either prenatally via the placenta or postnatally in milk. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that maternal supplementation during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy enriches maternal and/or fetal DHA status. In a randomised, prospective, double-blind study 100 mothers received either fish-oil capsules containing 400mg DHA/g (200mg/d) (n 50), or placebo containing 810mg oleic acid/g (400mg/d) (n 50) from 15 weeks gestation until term. Venous blood samples were obtained from mothers at 15, 28 and 40 weeks, and from the umbilical cord at birth. Total fatty acids in plasma and erythrocytes were analysed by GC–MS. There were no significant differences between maternal groups in baseline DHA, as a proportion of total fatty acids (g/100g total fatty acids) or concentration (nmol/ml), in plasma and erythrocytes. DHA concentrations in plasma at 28 weeks (P=0·02) and erythrocytes at both 28 weeks (P=0·03) and term (P=0·02) were 20% higher in supplemented mothers than the placebo group. DHA accounted for a higher proportion of total fatty acids in erythrocytes of supplemented mothers at 28 weeks (P=0·003) and term (P=0·01). There were no significant differences between groups in DHA (g/100g total fatty acids or nmol/l) in cord blood. Maternal DHA status was maximal in mid-trimester and declined to term, at a lower rate in supplemented compared with unsupplemented mothers. Maternal DHA supplementation significantly increases maternal DHA status and limits the last trimester decline in maternal status, aiding preferential transfer of DHA from mother to fetus.

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DeMar, James C., Carmine DiMartino, Adam W. Baca, William Lefkowitz, and Norman Salem. "Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from alpha-linolenic acid in young rats." Journal of Lipid Research 49, no. 9 (May 9, 2008): 1963–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.m800117-jlr200.

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JANG, Ji-Won, Young-Chul KIM, Kyoung-Duck KIM, Kang-Woong KIM, Sang-Gu LIM, and Sungchul C. BAI. "The optimum dietary eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels for growth of juvenile flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus." JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13000/jfmse.2019.2.31.1.35.

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Mihailescu, Alexandra, Vlad Serafim, Corina Paul, Nicoleta Andreescu, Diana-Andreea Tiugan, Paul Tutac, Iulian Velea, et al. "Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Intakes Modulate the Association of FADS2 Gene Polymorphism rs526126 with Plasma Free Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels in Overweight Children." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 9845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219845.

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids are involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are two essential fatty acids that the body cannot synthesize. The conversion rates in the body depend on FADS2 genetic variants. Certain variations in this gene are directly responsible for the low levels and poor conversion efficiency of the delta-6 desaturase enzyme, resulting in low circulating levels of docosahexaenoic acid. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the rs526126 FADS2 gene polymorphism on fatty acid levels in a group of two hundred children (n = 95 males, n = 105 females) aged 7–18 years, with obesity defined by BMI > +2 SD. Fatty acid quantification was performed by LC-MS/MS while genotyping for genetic variants was performed using a custom-made hotspot sequencing panel of 55 SNPs. Our results suggest that rs526126 FADS2 gene polymorphism specifically impacts the plasma levels of free n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Finally, the presence of the minor allele G of rs526126 could have beneficial effects, as it was associated with higher levels of free docosahexaenoic acid in plasma, especially in children with low n-3 intakes.

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Burdge, Graham C., Emmanuelle Delange, Ludivine Dubois, Rebecca L. Dunn, Mark A. Hanson, Alan A. Jackson, and Philip C. Calder. "Effect of reduced maternal protein intake in pregnancy in the rat on the fatty acid composition of brain, liver, plasma, heart and lung phospholipids of the offspring after weaning." British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 2 (August 2003): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2003909.

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Reduced protein intake during pregnancy decreased maternal hepatic and plasma docosahexaenoic acid concentrations and impaired docosahexaenoic acid accumulation into fetal brain in the rat. The present study investigated whether restriction of maternal protein intake during pregnancy in the rat alters membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition in the offspring after weaning. Female rats (six per group) were mated and fed diets containing either 180 or 90 g protein/kg throughout pregnancy. Mothers were transferred to standard chow after delivery and the litters reduced to eight pups. Weaning was at 28 d and pups were killed 5 to 6 d later. Tissue weights or membrane total phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) concentrations in the offspring did not differ between dietary groups. There were significant differences between the 180 and 90 g/kg groups in liver, brain, lung and heart fatty acid composition that differed between tissues and phospholipid classes. For example, docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid concentrations were 23 and 10 % lower respectively in hepatic PC, but not PE, in the 90 g/kg group. In brain, docosahexaenoic acid concentration was 17 % lower in PC, but not PE, while arachidonic acid content was 21 % greater in PE but unchanged in PC. The greatest differences were in unsaturated fatty acids, which suggests alterations to desaturase activities and/or the specificity of phospholipid biosynthesis. These results suggest that restricted maternal protein intake during pregnancy results in persistent alterations to membrane fatty acid content.

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Morioka, Tomoaki, Masanori Emoto, Satoshi Imamura, Yoshinori Kakutani, Yuko Yamazaki, Koka Motoyama, Katsuhito Mori, et al. "Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid profile is associated with vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 15, no. 4 (July 2018): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164118774314.

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Decreased plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels or the n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios are associated with a risk of cardiovascular events. In this cross-sectional study, we measured plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid and investigated the association between the plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid profile and vascular endothelial function in 396 patients with type 2 diabetes. Endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery was measured using ultrasonography. Multiple regression analyses, including age, sex, body mass index, and other cardiovascular risk factors, revealed that plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels ( β = 0.140, p = 0.008) and the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio ( β = 0.127, p = 0.019), but not plasma docosahexaenoic acid levels ( β = 0.067, p = 0.220) or the docosahexaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio ( β = 0.034, p = 0.559), were independently and positively associated with flow-mediated dilatation. In conclusion, plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels and the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio are independently associated with endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study indicates a positive association between eicosapentaenoic acid, rather than docosahexaenoic acid, and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes.

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Hong, Tae-Hwa, Hoon Kim, Soyeon Shin, Kaipeng Jing, Soyeon Jeong, Hyun Lim, Donghyuk Yun, et al. "Cytotoxic Mechanism of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Human Oral Cancer Cells." Journal of Life Science 23, no. 5 (May 30, 2013): 689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.5.689.

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Levy, Ryna, and Gene R. Herzberg. "Hydrolysis of long-chain, n-3 fatty acid enriched chylomicrons by cardiac lipoprotein lipase." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 77, no. 10 (October 15, 1999): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y99-083.

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The hydrolysis of chylomicrons enriched in long-chain n-3 fatty acids by cardiac lipoprotein lipase was studied. In 60 min, 24.8% of the triacylglycerol fatty acids were released as free fatty acids. The fatty acids were hydrolyzed at different rates. DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3) were released at rates significantly less than average. Stearic acid (18:0), 20:1n-9, and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) were released significantly faster than average. There was no relationship between the rate of release of a fatty acid and the number of carbons or the number of double bonds. Lipoprotein lipase selectively hydrolyzes the fatty acids of chylomicron triacylglycerols. This selectively will result in remnants that are relatively depleted in 18:0, 20:1, and 18:3 and relatively enriched in 20:5 and 22:6.Key words: lipoprotein lipase, chylomicrons, fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid.

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Musfiroh, Ida, Ginna Megawati, Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati, Okta Nama Putra, and Evi Sylvia Nurrasjid. "Molecular dynamic of omega-3 compounds as an anti-obesity agent into GPR-120 receptor." Pharmacia 70, no. 4 (December 18, 2023): 1541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e115501.

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Obesity is a cause of comorbid diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension which is based on low-level chronic inflammation. The GPR-120 receptor plays a role in insulin sensitization which is related to diabetes mellitus which is a comorbid obesity. Omega-3 fatty acids are believed to possess anti-inflammatory properties, hence potentially serving as a preventive measure against obesity-related comorbidities. The aim of this study is to do a stability analysis of the binding affinity between nine specific chemicals derived from omega-3 and the active site of the human GPR120 receptor using molecular dynamics simulations. Docking analysis was performed using Discovery Studio Visualizer, AutoDock Tools 1.5.6, and molecular dynamic simulation with AMBER 16. In this study, we used neurotensin 8–13 as a natural ligand to bind with the neurotensin receptor. Based on the neurotensin receptor docking results, the ΔG values for the following compounds are close to the values for neurotensin 8–13 -6.41 kcal/mol; docosahexaenoic acid -8.96 kcal/mol; eicosapentaenoic acid -7.41 kcal/mol; and heneicosapentaenoic acid -6.34 kcal/mol. Neurotensin 8–13 forms hydrogen bonds with TYR146, ARG213, and PHE344 of the neurotensin receptor, whereas docosahexaenoic acid forms hydrogen bonds with TYR146. Meanwhile, the average RMSD fluctuations for each system, namely docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and heneicosapentaenoic acid, were 0.672, 0.437, and 0.650, respectively. The SASA of the neurotensin receptor-ligand complex showed similar fluctuations, with the average values for docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and heneicosapentaenoic acid being 230.40, 229.89, and 230.20 nm2.

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Le, Hau D., Jonathan A. Meisel, Vincent E. de Meijer, Kathleen M. Gura, and Mark Puder. "The essentiality of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 81, no. 2-3 (August 2009): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2009.05.020.

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Carlson, Susan E. "Docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in infant development." Seminars in Neonatology 6, no. 5 (October 2001): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/siny.2001.0093.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Docosahexaenoic acid'

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