Academic literature on the topic 'Docosahexaenoic acid'

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Journal articles on the topic "Docosahexaenoic acid"

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Richard, Caroline, and Philip C. Calder. "Docosahexaenoic Acid." Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal 7, no. 6 (November 2016): 1139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.116.012963.

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YAZAWA, Kazunaga. "Docosahexaenoic Acid." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 52, no. 12 (1994): 1089–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.52.1089.

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Calder, Philip C. "Docosahexaenoic Acid." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 69, Suppl. 1 (2016): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000448262.

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain, highly unsaturated omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid. It has a structure that gives it unique physical and functional properties. DHA is metabolically related to other n-3 fatty acids: it can be synthesised from the plant essential fatty acid α-linolenic acid (ALA). However, this pathway does not appear to be very efficient in many individuals, although the conversion of ALA to DHA is much better in young women than in young men. Furthermore, young infants may be more efficient converters of ALA to DHA than many adults, although the conversion rate is variable among infants. Many factors have been identified that affect the rate of conversion. The implication of poor conversion is that preformed DHA needs to be consumed. DHA is found in fairly high amounts in seafood, especially fatty fish, and in various forms of n-3 supplements. The amount of DHA in seafood and in supplements varies. Breast milk contains DHA. DHA is found esterified into complex lipids within the bloodstream, in adipose stores and in cell membranes. Its concentration in different compartments varies greatly. The brain and eye have high DHA contents compared to other organs. DHA is especially concentrated in the grey matter of the brain and in the rod outer segments of the retina. In the brain DHA is involved in neuronal signalling, while in the eye it is involved in the quality of vision. DHA is accumulated in the brain and eye late in pregnancy and in early infancy. A lower DHA content is linked to poorer cognitive development and visual function. DHA affects cell and tissue physiology and function through numerous mechanisms, including alterations in membrane structure and function, in membrane protein function, in cellular signalling and in lipid mediator production.
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Irwanto and Ilham Ikhtiar. "A quick glance at docosahexaenoic acid fortification in formulated milk for infants, from animal models to clinical studies: a review." Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna 18, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pimr.2022.0004.

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Docosahexaenoic acid is a fatty acid found naturally in plants oil, fish oil, fish meat, seafood flaxseed, algae, and egg yolk. It is one of the long-chain unsaturated fatty acids that are important for human biochemistry. As an important component of grey matter, docosahexaenoic acid is subject to intense research in the field of neurodevelopmental study. It is needed mainly in the third trimester of pregnancy for optimal foetal brain growth and mother’s docosahexaenoic acid intake is known to be important in supplying the foetal needs. However, arguments still exist on whether docosahexaenoic acid status is essential or non-essential for infants, especially in the preterm infant population. In the past, strong arguments coming from translational studies showed the benefits of supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid in developing foetuses and infants. Hence, docosahexaenoic acid supplementation has long existed as commercially available docosahexaenoic acid-fortified formula milk. However, the benefit of this supplementation remains controversial after follow-up in human-based studies and clinical trials. The discovery of the fatty acid desaturase gene and its significance in regulating human docosahexaenoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids levels also seemed to give new evidence basis for docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in infants. This literature review attempts to explain the current understanding of clinical benefit of docosahexaenoic acid-fortified milk for infants, starting from the translational study level to clinical trials.
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&NA;. "Docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 740 (February 1999): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199907400-00016.

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&NA;. "Eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 817 (September 2000): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200008170-00015.

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Niemoller, Tiffany D., and Nicolas G. Bazan. "Docosahexaenoic acid neurolipidomics." Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 91, no. 3-4 (April 2010): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.09.005.

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Appolinário, Patricia Postilione, Danilo Bilches Medinas, Ohara Augusto, and Sayuri Miyamoto. "SOD1 Aggregation Induced by Docosahexaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Hydroperoxides." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 49 (January 2010): S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.10.454.

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Engler, Mary B. "Effect of omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic, on norepinephrine-induced contractions." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-086.

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The relaxant responses of the rat thoracic aorta to omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic, on norepinephrine- and potassium-induced contractions were investigated. Relaxation was enhanced in vessels contracted with norepinephrine. Docosahexaenoic acid at concentrations as low as 1, 3, and 10 μM evoked significant relaxant responses (15, 23, 30%) in norepinephrine-contracted vessels as compared with responses (5, 9, 12%) in potassium-contracted vessels. Results for eicosapentaenoic acid under similar conditions were 3, 8, and 19% in norepinephrine-contracted vessels and 3, 3, and 8% in potassium-contracted vessels. Pretreatment with eicosapentaenoic (10 μM) or docosahexaenoic acids (1–10 μM) decreased the contractile response to physiologic concentrations of norepinephrine. In the presence of calcium-free medium, the omega-3 fatty acids (1–30 μM) significantly abolished sustained norepinephrine contractions but did not reduce the phasic contractions when incubated prior to norepinephrine contraction. Comparatively, the effects of docosahexaenoic acid were greater than eicosapentaenoic acid. These findings suggest that the relaxant effects of the omega-3 fatty acids are specific to the mode of contraction, i.e., α-adrenoceptor stimuli. This effect may be related to intracellular calcium mechanisms, since both fatty acids reversed norepinephrine-induced sustained contractions in the absence of extracellular calcium.Key words: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, vascular responses, fish oils.
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Mizugaki, M., T. Hishinuma, and M. Nishikawa. "Docosahexaenoic acid: An update." Drug News & Perspectives 12, no. 7 (1999): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dnp.1999.12.7.863642.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Docosahexaenoic acid"

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Sorreta, Arianne G. "Docosahexaenoic acid and prostate cancer." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1446441.

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Levy, Milne Ryna. "Differential metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ56664.pdf.

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Wang, Hong. "Properties of docosahexaenoic acid-enriched dairy products." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51106.pdf.

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Theobald, Hannah Elise. "The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on endothelial function." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404589.

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Montgomery, Colette. "Maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation and fetal DHA accretion." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366298.

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Malcolm, Cari A. "Maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation and infant visual development." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270513.

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葉翠宜 and Chui-yee Yap. "Production of docosahexaenoic acid by thraustochytrium SP. under heterotrophic conditions of growth." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227004.

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Yap, Chui-yee. "Production of docosahexaenoic acid by thraustochytrium SP. under heterotrophic conditions of growth /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24533324.

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Atnip, Allison A. "Oxidative Stabilities of Docosahexaenoic Acid Oil and Linoleic Acid in an Aqueous System." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1284727595.

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Keithly, Jennifer Irene. "Thermogenesis, serum metabolites and hormones, and growth in lambs born to ewes supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid." Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/keithly/KeithlyJ0510.pdf.

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Neonatal lamb mortality is a major factor effecting profitability in the sheep industry. Lamb thermogenesis and immunocompetence are key elements in neonatal lamb survival. Research has shown an increase in lamb vigor, when ewes were supplemented during late gestation with algae-derived docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, the impact of DHA on lamb thermogenesis and immunocompetence has not been investigated. Eighty twin-bearing Targhee ewes were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 supplemental treatments to determine the effects of feeding (DHA) to ewes during late gestation and early lactation on lamb thermogenesis, immunocompetence, serum metabolites and hormones, and lamb growth. Treatments within supplements were: 1) 12 g/ewe daily of the product DHA Gold in the form of algal biomass (ALGAE), and 2) no DHA (CONTROL). Treatment supplements were individually fed daily during the last 30 d of gestation and pen fed (6 pens/treatment, and 6 or 7 ewes/pen) during the first 38 d of lactation. One h after lambing and before nursing, twin-born lambs were weighed, bled via jugular puncture, and placed in a dry cold chamber for 30 min (0°C). Lamb rectal temperatures were recorded every 1 min. After 30 min, lambs were removed from the cold chamber, bled, warmed for 15 min, and returned to their dam. Ewes were bled and colostrum samples collected 1 h postpartum. Ewe and lamb sera were assayed for glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cortisol, leptin and anti-Parainfluenza Type 3 (PI³) titers. Lamb rectal temperature, glucose, NEFA, cortisol, leptin, anti-PI³ titers, and birth weights did not differ between treatments. Thirty-eight-d BW was greater (P = 0.03) in lambs born to CONTROL-supplemented than lambs born to ALGAE-supplemented ewes; however, the colostrum of ALGAE-supplemented ewes had a greater specific gravity (P = 0.05), indicating greater IgG concentrations, than colostrum of CONTROL-supplemented ewes. Supplementation of DHA during late gestation and early lactation had a negative impact on lamb BW and did not affect indices of lamb thermogenesis, but may have improved IgG concentrations in ewe colostrum.
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Books on the topic "Docosahexaenoic acid"

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Ley, Beth M. DHA (docosahexaenoic acid): The magnificent marine oil. Temecula, CA: BL Publications, 1999.

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DHA: A good fat : essential for life. New York: Kensington, 1999.

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Valentine, R. C. Omega-3 fatty acids and the DHA principle. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2010.

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The DHA story: How nature's super nutrient can save your life. North Bergen, NJ: Basic Health Publications, 2002.

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L, Valentine David, ed. Omega-3 fatty acids and the DHA principle. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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Valentine, R. C. Omega-3 fatty acids and the DHA principle. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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A, Passwater Richard, ed. The missing wellness factors: EPA and DHA the most important nutrients since vitamins? Laguna Beach, CA: Basic Health Publications, 2012.

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Hunt, Alison Elizabeth. The production of the n-3 polyunsaturate docosahexaenoic acid by members of the marine protistan group of the thraustochytrids. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, School of Biological Sciences, 2000.

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Valentine, R. C. Neurons and the DHA principle. Boca Raton: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Vargas, Alfonso. Docosahexaenoic Acid: Properties, Functions and Health Effects. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Docosahexaenoic acid"

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Docosahexaenoic Acid." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 172. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_3396.

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Clauss, Nikki, and Ashley Rankin. "Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_743-1.

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Clauss, Nikki, and Ashley Rankin. "Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2073–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_743.

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Wright, T., B. McBride, and B. Holub. "Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Milk." In World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 160–65. Basel: KARGER, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000059660.

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Holub, Bruce J. "Docosahexaenoic Acid in Human Health." In ACS Symposium Series, 54–65. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0788.ch005.

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Hashimoto, Michio, Hossain Md Shahdat, and Masanori Katakura. "Docosahexaenoic Acid and Cognitive Dysfunction." In Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition, 1797–813. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_117.

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Crawford, M. A., M. Bloom, S. Cunnane, H. Holmsen, K. Ghebremeskel, J. Parkington, W. Schmidt, A. J. Sinclair, and C. L. Broadhurst. "Docosahexaenoic Acid and Cerebral Evolution." In Fatty Acids and Lipids - New Findings, 6–17. Basel: KARGER, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000059743.

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Farooqui, Akhlaq A., Wei-Yi Ong, and Lloyd A. Horrocks. "Plasmalogens, Docosahexaenoic Acid and Neurological Disorders." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 335–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9072-3_45.

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Zeller, Sam, William Barclay, and Ruben Abril. "Production of Docosahexaenoic Acid from Microalgae." In ACS Symposium Series, 108–24. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0788.ch009.

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Duttaroy, Asim K., and Sanjay Basak. "Docosahexaenoic Acid and Angiogenesis: A Review." In Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids, 193–208. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-215-5_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Docosahexaenoic acid"

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Steinhart, H., A. Müller, and W. Richter. "Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acid as Functional Food Ingredients." In 13th World Congress of Food Science & Technology. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/iufost:20060582.

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Metherel, Adam. "Dietary Alpha-linolenic Acid Is Necessary for the Increase in Eicosapentaenoic Acid Following Docosahexaenoic Acid Intake." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.101.

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O'Donnell, Jillian A., Lindsey K. Buckingham, Stuart R. Pierce, Lindsay West, Yiajie Yin, Wenchuan Sun, Ziwei Fang, Douglas P. Lee, Chunxiao Zhou, and Victoria L. Bae-Jump. "Abstract PO031: Docosahexaenoic acid demonstrates anti-tumorigenic effects in endometrial cancer." In Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Endometrial Cancer: New Biology Driving Research and Treatment; November 9-10, 2020. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.endomet20-po031.

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Fuller, Ioan, Adam Cumming, Asli Card, Elaine Burgess, Colin Barrow, Nigel Perry, and Daniel Killeen. "Free Fatty Acids in Commercial Krill Oils: Concentrations, Compositions, and Implications for Oxidative Stability." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/tbmz9014.

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The concentrations and pro-oxidative effects of free fatty acids in commercial krill oil are not well defined. We now report that krill oil free fatty acids account for 2–13% of total lipids in commercial krill oil (n = 8) that these compounds are enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (+7.1%) and docosahexaenoic acid (+6.3%) relative to whole oils; and that this composition make them highly pro-oxidizing in marine triacylglycerol oils, but not in krill oil, which derives oxidative stability from both its phospholipids, and neutral lipids (the latter because of astaxanthin). Specific fatty acid esterification patterns showed that krill oil free fatty acids predominantly (88–93%) originated from phospholipids, mainly from the sn-2 position, which was eight-fold more hydrolyzed than the sn-1 position. Lipolysis was not ongoing in stored oils. Adding small amounts of krill oil (1–5%) to marine triacylglycerol oils significantly increased their oxidative stability and also their resistance to free fatty acid-mediated pro-oxidative effects.
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Nazir, Mohd Yusuf Mohd, Najeeb Kaid Nasser Al-Shorgani, Mohd Sahaid Kalil, and Aidil Abdul Hamid. "Enhancement of docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium SW1 using response surface methodology." In THE 2015 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2015 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4931230.

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Hannafon, Bethany N., Karla Carpenter, William Berry, Ralf Janknecht, William Dooley, and Wei-Qun Ding. "Abstract 5205: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alters breast cancer exosome-mediated microRNA signaling." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-5205.

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Dalli, Jesmond, Ana Rodriguez, Bernd Spur, and Charles Serhan. "Structure elucidation and biological evaluations of sulfido-conjugated specialized pro-resolving mediators." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/mqgv6628.

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Inflammatory diseases are characterized by unabated inflammation that leads tissue destruction resulting in malaise. Whilst much is known on the mechanism that perpetuate inflammation, less is known about the molecules and pathways that coordinate the termination of inflammation and facilitate the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. To evaluate the potential contribution of essential fatty acid-derived mediators in coordinating this life saving response we interrogated inflammatory exudates obtained following self-limited inflammatory challenge. Using radio-isotope tracking we found that the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid is utilized to produce novel bioactive molecules in these exudates. The structures of these molecules were elucidated using a range of physical techniques, demonstrating that these molecules were peptide lipid conjugated mediators and the stereochemistry of the functional groups was established using total organic synthesis. Investigations into their biosynthetic pathways demonstrated that the formation of their formation was initiated via the 14-lipoxygenation of DHA, that was then converted into an intermediate allylic epoxide and then conjugated to glutathione to yield the first mediator in the family which was coined as maresin conjugated in tissue regeneration (MCTR)1. This was then further converted to to 13-cysteinylglycinyl,14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (MCTR2) and 13-glycinyl,14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (MCTR3). Evaluation of the biological activities of these molecules demonstrated that they limited the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the sites of both sterile and infectious challenge. They reprogrammed biology towards a tissue protective phenotype and promoted the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. Evaluation of the levels of these mediators in human peripheral blood demonstrated that the production of MCTR3 is significantly reduced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis that display signs of erosive joint disease. Together, these findings identify previously undescribed chemical signals that enhance host responses to limit inflammation, stimulate resolution of inflammation, and promote the restoration of function.
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Birch, Eileen, Dennis Hoffman PhD, David Birch, Ricardo Uauy, Mark Bane, Yolanda Castañeda, and Claude Prestidge. "Visual Acuity Development of Term Infants Fed ω3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LCPUFA) Supplemented Formula." In Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.tha.1.

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While breast-feeding provides optimal nutrition for healthy infants, maternal health, social, and/or economic factors may constrain a mother's ability to provide human milk. Formula feeding provides a safe and effective alternative source of nutrition. In response to ongoing research, formula composition is revised to more closely mimic human milk in providing essential nutrients to support optimal growth and development. During the last decade, supplementation of infant formula with ω3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) has been a major focus of infant nutrition research. ω3 LCPUFAs, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are found in extremely high concentration in photoreceptor outer segments and in cerebral cortex.
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Li, Siwen, Jie Cao, Jingyi Qin, Xin Zhang, Samuel Achilefu, Zhiyu Qian, and Yueqing Gu. "Docosahexaenoic acid conjugated near infrared flourescence probe for in vivo early tumor diagnosis." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Samuel Achilefu and Ramesh Raghavachari. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2003250.

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Romberger, D. J., A. J. Heires, D. Villageliu, T. M. Nordgren, and D. Samuelson. "Docosahexaenoic Acid Treatment Mitigates Inflammation Induced by Extracellular Vesicles Contained in Agricultural Dust." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a3580.

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Reports on the topic "Docosahexaenoic acid"

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Borgonovi, Sara Margherita, Stefania Iametti, and Mattia Di Nunzio. Docosahexaenoic acid as master regulator of cellular antioxidant defenses: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.6.0017.

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Review question / Objective: Evaluate the potential effect of DHA in regulating cellular antioxidant enzymes and hypothesizes possible molecular scenarios between DHA and Nrf2 in regulating cellular antioxidant defenses. Eligibility criteria: Chosen studies were published between 1998 and 2021 without restriction regarding pe-riod or publication status. Exclusion criteria were: (i) titles irrelevant to the research topic; (ii) abstract inappropriate or not related to the research topic; (iii) studies that used n-3 PUFAs rich oils which not allowed to discriminate the effect of DHA from other n-3 PUFAs; (iv) studies that co-administrated DHA with other compounds; (v) studies that used DHA oxidation products to better reflect normal nutritional conditions (vi) studies or data with inadequate statistical analysis or inappropriate control. Reviews, letters, ab-stracts, and articles without a complete text in the English language were also excluded.
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Gu, Yongwen. The Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)-Containing Phosphatidylcholine (PC) on Liquid-Ordered and Liquid-Disordered Coexistence. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1949.

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