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1

Kučinskas, V. "Human mitochondrial DNA variation in Lithuania." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 52, no. 4 (December 13, 1994): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/52/1994/289.

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2

Baughman, Joshua M., and Vamsi K. Mootha. "Buffering mitochondrial DNA variation." Nature Genetics 38, no. 11 (November 2006): 1232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1106-1232.

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3

Lalith Perera. "CHLOROPLAST DNA VARIATION IN COCONUT IS OPPOSITE TO ITS NUCLEAR DNA VARIATION." CORD 18, no. 02 (December 1, 2002): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v18i02.359.

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The pattern of world distribution of two major fruit morphotypes of coconuts has led to development of theories on origin, domestication and dissemination of coconut. Results of recent nuclear DNA analyses are in agreement with these theories with several other new insights. Compared to the plant nuclear genome however, the plant organelle genomes, the chloroplast genome and the mitochondrial genome are highly conserved and are maternally inherited in most angiosperms. Therefore, most useful information have come from regions of DNA located in organelle genome for studying phylogeny in angiosperms and for deducing historical information and evolutionary history of populations such as past migration routes and colonization dynamics. This study was aimed to determine the feasibility of developing polymorphic cytoplasmic markers, particularly the chloroplast markers. Chloroplast DNA variation of coconut from all coconut growing regions in the world assessed by both restriction digestions and physical separation of PCR products obtained with universal primers, by chloroplast microsatellites and by sequencing showed no variation. This tends to suggest that coconut may have gone through a severe cytoplasmic bottleneck and only one chloroplast type may have participated in the colonization process.
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4

Collins, Francis S., Mark S. Guyer, and Aravinda Chakravarti. "Variations on a Theme: Cataloging Human DNA Sequence Variation." Science 278, no. 5343 (November 28, 1997): 1580–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5343.1580.

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5

Kopinski, Piotr K., Larry N. Singh, Shiping Zhang, Marie T. Lott, and Douglas C. Wallace. "Mitochondrial DNA variation and cancer." Nature Reviews Cancer 21, no. 7 (May 27, 2021): 431–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41568-021-00358-w.

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6

Barbujani, Guido. "DNA Variation and Language Affinities." American Journal of Human Genetics 61, no. 5 (November 1997): 1011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/301620.

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7

Bernoco, D., and G. R. Byrns. "DNA fingerprint variation in horses." Animal Biotechnology 2, no. 2 (January 1991): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10495399109525755.

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8

Srivastava, Sangeeta, and U. C. Lavania. "Evolutionary DNA variation in Papaver." Genome 34, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-118.

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In 23 species of Papaver L., 2C nuclear DNA amounts range from 4.64 pg in Papaver persicum (2n = 14) to 22.43 pg in Papaver orientale (2n = 42), revealing a fivefold variation within the genus. However, such variation is limited to only twofold among the species that have the same chromosome number (2n = 14). The distribution of DNA is discontinuously spread over six groups in the genus. A strong positive correlation exists between nuclear DNA content and metaphase chromosome length. Viewed in the context of evolutionary divergence, it is revealed that DNA reduction has taken place in conjunction with speciation. This is achieved by equal reduction to each chromosome independent of chromosome size, as apparent from the estimated DNA values for individual chromosomes within the complements. The diminution in DNA amount with evolutionary specialisation appears to be a genomic strategy to dispense with the less important DNA associated with heterochromatic segments. The uniform distribution of such dispensible DNA throughout the complement is probably nucleotypically conducive to allow the genomic loss to be adaptationally operative, lest it affects the very survival of the evolving species.Key words: Papaver, evolution, DNA content, DNA systematics.
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9

TAYLOR, DAVID B., ALLEN L. SZALANSKI, and RICHARD D. PETERSON II. "Mitochondrial DNA variation in screwworm." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 10, no. 2 (April 1996): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00723.x.

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10

Ramachandran, C., and R. K. J. Narayan. "Chromosomal DNA variation in Cucumis." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 69-69, no. 5-6 (March 1985): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00251092.

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11

Kidd, K. K., A. J. Pakstis, W. C. Speed, and J. R. Kidd. "Understanding Human DNA Sequence Variation." Journal of Heredity 95, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 406–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esh060.

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12

Joëlle, Cros, Gavalda Marie-Christine, Chabrillange Nathalie, and Hamon Serge. "Coffee nuclear DNA content variation." Biology of the Cell 76, no. 2 (1992): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0248-4900(92)90398-k.

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13

Schaal, Barbara A., Stephen L. O'Kane, and Steven H. Rogstad. "DNA variation in plant populations." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 6, no. 10 (October 1991): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(91)90041-u.

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14

Raina, S. N., P. K. Srivastav, and S. Rama Rao. "Nuclear DNA variation in Tephrosia." Genetica 69, no. 1 (March 1986): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00122931.

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15

Yang, Guo, Huitong Zhou, Jiang Hu, Yuzhu Luo, and Jon G. H. Hickford. "Variation in the Yak Dectin-1 Gene (CLEC7A)." DNA and Cell Biology 30, no. 12 (December 2011): 1069–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.2011.1276.

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16

Kajita, Tadashi, and Hiroyoshi Ohashi. "Chloroplast DNA variation inDesmodium subgenusPodocarpium (Leguminosae): Infrageneric phylogeny and infraspecific variations." Journal of Plant Research 107, no. 3 (September 1994): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02344263.

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17

Brower, A. V. Z., and T. M. Boyce. "Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Monarch Butterflies." Evolution 45, no. 5 (August 1991): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2409734.

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18

WILLIAMS, CHRISTEN LENNEY, BARBARA LUNDRIGAN, and OLIN E. RHODES. "MICROSATELLITE DNA VARIATION IN TULE ELK." Journal of Wildlife Management 68, no. 1 (January 2004): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541x(2004)068[0109:mdvite]2.0.co;2.

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19

Iezzoni, A. F., and A. M. Hancock. "CHLOROPLAST DNA VARIATION IN SOUR CHERRY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 410 (November 1996): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1996.410.17.

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20

Soltis, Douglas E., Pamela S. Soltis, John N. Thompson, and Olle Pellmyr. "Chloroplast DNA Variation in Lithophragma (Saxifragaceae)." Systematic Botany 17, no. 4 (October 1992): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2419730.

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21

Antonova, Olga U., and Tatyana A. Gavrilenko. "Organelle DNA variation in potato species." Ecological genetics 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2006): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen413-10.

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The genetic diversity of 34 species of the genus Solanum was studied using chloroplast (cp) DNA and mitochondrial (mt) DNA specific PCR primers. 11 cpDNA haplotypes and 16 mtDNA haplotypes were discovered. Traditional botanical taxonomy of potato species was not supported by cpDNA data. Cladistic relationships of 34 species support their geographical and genome differentiation. A derived clades contains E-, B- and A-genome species of the section Petota suggesting a coevolution of chloroplast and nuclear genomes.
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22

Palmer, Jeffrey D., Robert K. Jansen, Helen J. Michaels, Mark W. Chase, and James R. Manhart. "Chloroplast DNA Variation and Plant Phylogeny." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75, no. 4 (1988): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2399279.

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23

Price, H. James. "DNA Content Variation among Higher Plants." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75, no. 4 (1988): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2399283.

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24

Poggio, Lidia, and Juan H. Hunziker. "Nuclear DNA content variation in Bulnesia." Journal of Heredity 77, no. 1 (January 1986): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110165.

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25

Moriyama, E. N., and J. R. Powell. "Intraspecific nuclear DNA variation in Drosophila." Molecular Biology and Evolution 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025563.

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26

Chen, W. K., J. D. Swartz, L. J. Rush, and C. E. Alvarez. "Mapping DNA structural variation in dogs." Genome Research 19, no. 3 (December 22, 2008): 500–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.083741.108.

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27

BENTLEY, D. R. "DNA Sequence Variation of Homo sapiens." Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 68 (January 1, 2003): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2003.68.55.

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28

Ricaut, F. X., T. Thomas, C. Arganini, J. Staughton, M. Leavesley, M. Bellatti, R. Foley, and M. Mirazon Lahr. "Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Karkar Islanders." Annals of Human Genetics 72, no. 3 (May 2008): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00430.x.

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29

Ravi Prasad, B. V., Chris E. Ricker, W. Scott Atkins, Mary E. Dixon, Baskara B. Rao, J. Mastan Naidu, Lynn B. Jorde, and Michael Bamshad. "Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Nicobarese Islanders." Human Biology 73, no. 5 (2001): 715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2001.0072.

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30

Kouvatsi, Anastasia, Nikoletta Karaiskou, Apostolos Apostolidis, and George Kirmizidis. "Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation in Greeks." Human Biology 73, no. 6 (2001): 855–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2001.0085.

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31

Mancuso, Michelangelo, Massimiliano Filosto, Daniele Orsucci, and Gabriele Siciliano. "Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation and neurodegeneration." Human Genomics 3, no. 1 (2008): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-7364-3-1-71.

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32

Cullis, C. A., and W. Cleary. "DNA variation in flax tissue culture." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-034.

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The DNAs from leaves and callus from a series of flax genotrophs have been compared. The probes used for this comparison represent all of the highly repeated DNA sequence families in the flax genome. The abundance of most of the families could vary in culture, but the extent of variation was dependent on the genotroph. The extent of the variation observed between leaf DNA and callus DNA from a single genotroph was greater than that observed between the genotrophs in vivo. The DNAs from the progeny of a number of regenerated plants were also compared. They sometimes differed both from the callus from which the plants were regenerated and the original line from which the callus was derived. Individual progeny from a single inbred regenerated plant also differed.Key words: flax, DNA variation, somaclonal variation.
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33

Samuel, Rosabelle, J. B. Smith, and M. D. Bennett. "Nuclear DNA variation in Piper (Piperaceae)." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 1041–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-145.

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Significant interspecific variation in DNA amount was observed among nine species of Piper. The DNA amount of a wild octoploid accession of Piper nigrum was approximately double that of the cultivated tetraploid variety of the same species. However, three New World diploid species had higher nuclear DNA amounts than several New or Old World tetraploid species. The DNA content per basic genome was, on the whole, lower in cultivated than in wild species.Key words: Piperaceae, Piper, Piper nigrum (black pepper), polyploids, DNA amounts.
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34

Jianxun, Cui, Ren Xiuhai, and Yu Qixing. "Nuclear DNA Content Variation in Fishes." CYTOLOGIA 56, no. 3 (1991): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.56.425.

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35

Underhill, Peter A. "Browsing DNA cipherspace for sequence variation." Trends in Genetics 13, no. 1 (January 1997): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9525(96)30115-7.

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36

White, Matthew M. "Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation in Saugers." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 141, no. 3 (May 2012): 795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.675921.

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37

Maruszak, Aleksandra, Krzysztof Safranow, Katarzyna Gawęda-Walerych, Tomasz Gabryelewicz, Jeffrey A. Canter, Maria Barcikowska, and Cezary Żekanowski. "Mitochondrial DNA variation in Alzheimer’s disease." Pharmacological Reports 63, no. 5 (September 2011): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70662-4.

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38

Qamar, Raheel, Qasim Ayub, Aisha Mohyuddin, Agnar Helgason, Kehkashan Mazhar, Atika Mansoor, Tatiana Zerjal, Chris Tyler-Smith, and S. Qasim Mehdi. "Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in Pakistan." American Journal of Human Genetics 70, no. 5 (May 2002): 1107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/339929.

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39

Yamada, Kyoji, Teiichi Morita, Kyojiro Masuda, and Michizo Sugai. "Chloroplast DNA Variation in the genusSesamum." Journal of Plant Research 106, no. 1 (March 1993): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02344377.

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40

Silva Jr., Wilson A., Sandro L. Bonatto, Adriano J. Holanda, Andrea K. Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Beatriz M. Paixão, Gustavo H. Goldman, Kiyoko Abe-Sandes, et al. "Correction: Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Amerindians." American Journal of Human Genetics 72, no. 5 (May 2003): 1346–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/375118.

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41

Brower, A. V. Z., and T. M. Boyce. "MITOCHONDRIAL DNA VARIATION IN MONARCH BUTTERFLIES." Evolution 45, no. 5 (August 1991): 1281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04393.x.

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42

Hovig, Eivind, Birgitte Smith-S??rensen, Andr?? G. Uitterlinden, and Anne-Lise B??rresen. "Detection of DNA variation in cancer." Pharmacogenetics 2, no. 6 (December 1992): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008571-199212000-00011.

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43

Boscaiu, Monica, Philippe Ellul, Pilar Soriano, and Oscar Vicente. "Nuclear DNA content variation inHalimiumandXolantha(Cistaceae)." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 142, no. 1 (March 2008): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263500701872143.

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44

Ohgane, Jun, Teruhiko Wakayama, Yasushi Kogo, Sho Senda, Naka Hattori, Satoshi Tanaka, Ryuzo Yanagimachi, and Kunio Shiota. "DNA methylation variation in cloned mice." genesis 30, no. 2 (2001): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gene.1031.

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45

Halldén, C., C. Lind, and T. Bryngelsson. "Minicircle variation in Beta mitochondrial DNA." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 77, no. 3 (March 1989): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00305825.

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46

Palmer, Jeffrey D. "Chloroplast DNA Evolution and Biosystematic Uses of Chloroplast DNA Variation." American Naturalist 130 (July 1987): S6—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284689.

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47

Zhao, Yuan, Yu-Shui Ma, Ying Fang, Lili Liu, Sheng-Di Wu, Da Fu, and Xiao-Feng Wang. "IGF2BP2 Genetic Variation and Type 2 Diabetes: A Global Meta-Analysis." DNA and Cell Biology 31, no. 5 (May 2012): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.2011.1400.

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48

Czerneková, V., T. Kott, and I. Majzlík. "Mitochondrial D-loop sequence variation among Hucul horse." Czech Journal of Animal Science 58, No. 10 (September 27, 2013): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6992-cjas.

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Genetic variation in the Czech Hucul horse population was analyzed using a sequence analysis of the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA. One hundred and sixty-five Hucul horses were tested. Sequencing of the 700-base pairs fragment of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region revealed 38 mutation sites representing 14 haplotypes, which were clustered into six haplogroups. The genetic information obtained from the mitochondrial DNA typing is of utmost importance for the future breed-conservation strategies.  
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49

Laurent, Jon M., Sudarshan Pinglay, Leslie Mitchell, and Ran Brosh. "Probing the dark matter of the human genome with big DNA." Biochemist 41, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio04103046.

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Less than 2% of our genome is protein-coding DNA. The vast expanses of non-coding DNA make up the genome's “dark matter”, where introns, repetitive and regulatory elements reside. Variation between individuals in non-coding regulatory DNA is emerging as a major factor in the genetics of numerous diseases and traits, yet very little is known about how such variations contribute to disease risk. Studying the genetics of regulatory variation is technically challenging as regulatory elements can affect genes located tens of thousands of base pairs away, and often, multiple distal regulatory variations, each with a very small effect, combine in an unknown way to significantly modulate the expression of genes. At the Center for Synthetic Regulatory Genomics (SyRGe) we directly tackle these problems in order to systematically elucidate the mechanisms of regulatory variation underlying human disease.
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50

Ahmad, Niaz, and Brent L. Nielsen. "Plant Organelle DNA Maintenance." Plants 9, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9060683.

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Plant cells contain two double membrane bound organelles, plastids and mitochondria, that contain their own genomes. There is a very large variation in the sizes of mitochondrial genomes in higher plants, while the plastid genome remains relatively uniform across different species. One of the curious features of the organelle DNA is that it exists in a high copy number per mitochondria or chloroplast, which varies greatly in different tissues during plant development. The variations in copy number, morphology and genomic content reflect the diversity in organelle functions. The link between the metabolic needs of a cell and the capacity of mitochondria and chloroplasts to fulfill this demand is thought to act as a selective force on the number of organelles and genome copies per organelle. However, it is not yet clear how the activities of mitochondria and chloroplasts are coordinated in response to cellular and environmental cues. The relationship between genome copy number variation and the mechanism(s) by which the genomes are maintained through different developmental stages are yet to be fully understood. This Special Issue has several contributions that address current knowledge of higher plant organelle DNA. Here we briefly introduce these articles that discuss the importance of different aspects of the organelle genome in higher plants.
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