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Chohan, Zahid H. "Co-ordination chemistry of the 1,3-dithiole-2-thione (DMIT) and 2-one-4,5-dithiolato (DMIO) compounds." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244990.
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Various bis-dmio and -dmit zincate complexes, [Q]2[Zn(dmio)2] [Q = NEt4, 1,4-dmp, Ph4P and FcCH2NMe3] and [Q]2[Zn(dmit)2] [Q = FcCH2NMe3], have been prepared and characterised by IR, 1H and 13C-NMR spectral and elemental analysis data. The solid state structure of [FcCH2NMe3]2[Zn(dmio)2] was determined by X-ray crystallography. The complexes, [Q]2[Zn(dmio)2] and [Q]2[Zn(dmit)2], have been further used as precursors of various dmio and dmit complexes of tin (IV) and antimony (III) and (V). Metal exchange reactions with these complexes have also been investigated. The neutral tin compounds, R2Sn(dmio) [RR' = Me2, Et2, Bu2, Ph2 and MeO2CH2CH2] have been synthesised and characterised by IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn-NMR spectral and elemental analysis data and for Me2Sn(dmio) by X-ray diffraction. The compounds, [Q][R2Sn(dmio)X] [Q = NEt4, FcCH2NMe3 ; R = Ph, Et ; X = Cl] and [Q][R2(dmit)X] [Q = FcCH2NMe3 ; R = Ph ; X = Cl], have been prepared and halide (X) exchange reactions in [Q][R2Sn(dmio)X] [Q = NEt4 ; R=Ph ; X=Cl] have been investigated using alkali metal halides and pseudohalides [NaI, NaBr and NaSCN]. The solid state structures of [NEt4][Ph2Sn(dmio)Cl], [NEt4][Ph2Sn(dmio)-SCN] and [NEt4][NEt4][Et2Sn(dmio)Br] have been determined. The monoestertin bis-dmio complexes, [Q][MeO2CCH2CH2Sn(dmio)2] [Q = NEt4, 1,4-dmp and Ph4P] and the neutral diestertin dmio complex, [(MeO2CCH2CH2)2-Sn(dmio)], have been synthesised and characterised. The solid state structure of [NEt4][MeO2CCH2CH2Sn(dmio)2] has been determined. Also, the tris-dmio and dmit complexes, [Q]2[Sn(dmit)3] [Q = NEt4, 1,4-dmp, Ph4P and FcCH2NME3] and [Q][Sn(dmit)3] [Q = FcCH2NMe3] have been prepared and characterised. The antimony (III) bis-dmio complexes, [Q][SbIII(dmio)2] [Q = NEt4, 1,4-dmp, Ph4P and FcCH2NMe3], and antimony (III) bis-dmit complex, [Q][SbIII(dmio)2] [Q = FcCH2NMe3], have been synthesised and fully characterised by IR, 1H and 13C-NMR spectral and elemental analysis data.
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Kirui, Joseph Kiprono. "ESR study of DMTM(TCNQ)₂." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29191.
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The ESR g-value and susceptibility measurements for DMTM(TCNQ)₂ have been studied as a function of angle made by crystal with magnetic field and temperature. The angular dependence of g-value is fitted to g² = α+βcos2θ - γsin2θ for three orthogonal directions of crystal rotation. The principal g-values are close to those expected for TCNQ compounds: g₁ = 2.0034, g₂ = 2.0030, g₃ = 2.0024. The susceptibility as a function of temperature agrees with bulk susceptibility measurements except that the maximum position occurs at about 30 K. The results of Oostra et al. for bulk susceptibility showed a maximum at around 50 K. The phase transition
reported by Visser et al. at 272 K is observed in the ESR data as a 15% decrease in susceptibility. The linewidth is remarkably anisotropic typical of TCNQ salts. The phase transition study is done for two orientations
of the crystal with the magnet field. In one of the orientations the linewidth narrows from 0.15 to 0.11 gauss and in the other it narrows from 0.24 to 0.18 gauss. In the former case there is a growth of a second line due to the twinned stack; transformation twinning takes place at the phase transition. A small level-crossing interaction is inferred from the change in relative intensities of the lines near the crossover.Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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Yang, Zhen. "Quality of service management for multicast applications using MPEG-4/DMIF." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0017/MQ58520.pdf.
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COUTINHO, Izabella Bezerra. "Sor??o de zinco, c?dmio, cobre e chumbo em organossolos." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1798.
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CNPq
Soils have the capacity to retain metals due to the occurrence of the phenomenon of sorption, which is the accumulation of ions or molecules on the surface of organic and mineral colloids. For their high organic matter content, therefore large amount of organic colloids, the Histosols have high adsorptive capacity. Sorption can be described by means of different models, which consist in equations that seek to describe the phenomenon with minimal loss of information. Because each model is based on different assumptions, it is essential to select the best suited to the conditions to be analyzed, thus avoiding possible contamination of the environment caused by errors in predicting the adsorption capacity of the soil. This study aimed to select the models that best describe the sorption of Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb on Histosols. The study was conducted by an adaptation of the Batch of Lab Batch, with increasing concentrations of ZnCl2, CdCl2, Pb(NO3)2 and CuCl2. After determination of the concentration of adsorbed metals, the metal levels involved in complex internal and external sphere were evalueted through by desorption studies. The parameters of the sorption isotherms were determined by the ISOFIT program. To compare the fit of the models, the correlation coefficient, determination coefficient, the Akaike Information Criterion Corrected (AICc), AICc Range (?AICc) and the Weighting of AICc (AICcw) were analyzed. It was observed that the linear model was the best to describe the sorption of Zn, while Langmuir was the best to describe the sorption of Cd and Pb and the Freundlich showed better adjustment to the sorption of Cu. In general, the concentrations of N and fulvic acids were the most important factors that influences the sorption of metals. Most of Zn, Cd and Pb is sorbed in electrostatics bonds, easily reversible. However, Cu in strong and almost irreversible bonds.
Os solos possuem a capacidade de reter metais devido ? ocorr?ncia do fen?meno da sor??o, que consiste no ac?mulo de ?ons ou mol?culas na superf?cie dos col?ides org?nicos e minerais. Por apresentarem alto teor de mat?ria org?nica, portanto grande quantidade de col?ides org?nicos, os Organossolos possuem elevada capacidade adsortiva. A sor??o pode ser descrita por meio de diferentes modelos, que s?o equa??es que buscam descrever o fen?meno com o m?nimo de perda de informa??es. Como cada modelo se baseia em diferentes pressupostos, ? fundamental selecionar o que melhor se adequa ?s condi??es que se pretende analisar, evitando, assim, poss?veis contamina??es do ambiente causadas por erros na previs?o da capacidade adsortiva do solo. Este estudo teve como objetivos selecionar os modelos que melhor descrevem a sor??o de Zn, Cd, Cu e Pb em Organossolos. O estudo foi conduzido atrav?s de uma adapta??o do M?todo Batch de Laborat?rio, com concentra??es crescentes de ZnCl2, CdCl2, Pb(NO3)2 e CuCl2. Ap?s a determina??o dos teores de metais adsorvidos, os teores de metais envolvidos em complexos de esfera interna e externa foram avaliados atrav?s de estudos de dessor??o. Os par?metros das isotermas de sor??o foram determinados pelo programa IsoFit. Para compara??o do ajuste dos modelos, foram analisados o Coeficiente de Correla??o, Coeficiente de Determina??o, o Crit?rio de Informa??o de Akaike Corrigido (AICc), Varia??o de AICc (?AICc) e a Pondera??o de AICc (AICcw). Observou-se que o modelo Linear foi o que melhor descreveu a sor??o de Zn, enquanto Langmuir foi o que melhor descreveu a sor??o de Cd e Pb e o de Freundlich apresentou melhor ajuste ? sor??o de Cu. Em geral, os teores de N e ?cidos f?lvicos foram os fatores que mais influenciaram a sor??o dos metais. A maior parte de Zn, Cd e Pb sorvidas encontra-se em liga??es eletrost?ticas, facilmente revers?veis. Entretanto, o Cu encontra-se em liga??es fortes e quase irrevers?veis.
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Spencer, Gavin Murray. "Organometallic compounds of the 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate (DMIT) ligand." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300910.
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Compounds of the form R2Sn(dmit) (H2dmit = dimercaptoisotrithione) (R = Me, Et, Bu, Oct, Ph, o-MeOC6H4. MeO2CCH2CH2 and PriO2CCH2CH2) and RR'Sn(dmit) (R = Ph, R' = Me) were synthesised and characterised. Five of the compounds were further investigated using solid state 13C and 119Sn nmr and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the compounds Et2Sn(dmit), (MeO2CCH2CH2)2Sn(dmit) and PhMeSn(dmit) were determined, and attempts were made to correlate these structures with the solid state nmr data. The addition of a halide ion to the tin atom in the compounds R2Sn(dmit) to give the anion [R2Sn(dmit)X]- (X = halogen) by reaction with a suitable onium halide was investigated. Substitution of the halide, X, in these [Y][R2Sn(dmit)X] (Y = onium cation) compounds was investigated using alkali metal halides and pseudohalides. The crystal structures of the compounds [1,4-dimethylpyridinium][Ph2Sn(dmit)NCS] and [1,4-dimethylpyridinium][Ph2Sn(dmit)I] were determined. The monoestertin bis-dmit complex [NEt4][MeO2CCH2CH2Sn(dmit)2], and the tin tris-dmit complexes. [NR4]2[Sn(dmit)3] (NR4 = NEt4 and 1,4- dimethylpyridinium), were prepared.. The crystal structures of [NEt4][MeO2CCH2CH2Sn(dmit)2] and [NEt4]2[Sn(dmit)3] were determined. A range of lead-dmit complexes, namely PbII(dmit), Ph2Pb(dmit), (Ph3Pb)2dmit and [NR4][Ph2(dmit)I] (NR4 = NEt4 and 1,4-dimethylpyridinium) was also synthesised. The crystal structure of (Ph3Pb)2dmit was determined, and cyclic voltammetry studies were carried out on Ph2Pb(dmit) and (Ph3Pb)2dmit.
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Barton, Wayne Robert. "Sensitivity of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa to the DMI fungicide propiconazole." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ40395.pdf.
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Kaddour, Wafa. "Coexistence Onde de Densité de Charge / Supraconductivité dans TTF[Ni(dmit)2]2." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881509.
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Au cours de cette thèse, nous étudions la compétition entre les états onde de densité de charge (ODC) et supraconducteur dans le composé multi-bandes à deux chaines TTF[Ni(dmit)2]2. Nous avons réalisé des mesures de résistivité, de pouvoir thermoélectrique et de conductivité thermique sous pression hydrostatique jusqu'aux basses températures. A basse pression, deux ondes de densité de charge détectées par mesures de rayons X et observées par nos mesures de résistivité transverse sont associées aux bandes 1D LUMO et HOMOI de la chaine Ni(dmit)2. A 12kbar, la fusion de ces deux instabilités est associée à l'emboîtement des bandes LUMO avec les bandes HOMOI à travers le point Γ de la première zone de Brillouin. A 18kbar et sur un intervalle de 5-6kbar, on observe un pic de commensurabilité attribué au vecteur d'emboîtement commensurable 2kF = 1/3b*.La supraconductivité est observée à partir de 2kbar et jusqu'à 22kbar avec une température critique 0.6K qui augmente avec la pression et est corrélée à la variation des températures de transition ODC. La supraconductivité est associée à la bande 2D HOMOII du Ni(dmit)2. Les mesures de champ magnétique critique ont permis de donner des informations sur l'évolution de la texture de coexistence métal- ODC en fonction de la pression. Elles mettent aussi en évidence une supraconductivité non conventionnelle avec des nœuds dans le gap.Ces résultats nous ont permis de revisiter le diagramme de phase Température-Pression de ce composé qui s'est révélé beaucoup plus riche que ce qui avait été rapporté jusqu'à maintenant.
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Guerra, Beatriz de Oliveira Silva. "Doença mixomatosa da válvula mitral (DMVM) em cães : estudo retrospetivo de 23 casos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19841.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA doença mixomatosa da válvula mitral é a doença cardíaca adquirida mais frequente em cães adultos, representando cerca de 75% a 80% das doenças cardíacas na espécie canina. A sua prevalência aumenta com a idade sendo mais frequente em cães de raça pequena. A ecocardiografia é um exame complementar fundamental para o seu diagnóstico e o seu tratamento geralmente é de carácter paliativo, realizado com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vida. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em analisar a distribuição e caracterizar clinicamente um conjunto de cães, com o diagnóstico final de DMVM. No presente trabalho foram observados vinte e três casos clínicos, avaliados ecograficamente. A amostra foi representada por 13 machos (56,5%) e 10 fêmeas (43,5%), com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 15 anos (9,91±3,18), e com uma média de pesos corporais de 13,3±7,6 kg. O grupo foi constituído por 6 raças, das quais, Caniche (n=4), Beagle (n=1), Podengo (n=1), Cão de Crista Chinesa (n=1) e cruzado de Epagneul Breton (n=1); e cães sem raça definida (SRD) (n=15). Relativamente à distribuição da DMVM nos diversos estadios segundo o consenso do ACVIM (American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine), 35% dos cães (n=8) tinham evidências ecocardiográficas de DMVM estadio B1, 30% (n=7) de DMVM B2, 30% (n=7) tinham evidências de DMVM estadio C e 4% (n=1) dos casos DMVM estadio D. Pretendeu-se correlacionar a evolução dos parâmetros clínicos e ecocardiográficos da DMVM na amostra, com os estadios B1, B2, C e D. O nível de significância foi de p≥0,05. Os fatores com maior associação com a gravidade da DMVM neste estudo foram o rácio AE/Ao, o LVIDd normalizado, o rácio E/A e o TRPG. A nível ecocardiográfico foram testadas estatisticamente as variáveis: Frequência Cardíaca (FC) (p=0,14), Rácio AE/Ao (p=0,00000201), LVIDd normalizado (p=0,00000823), EF% e FS% (ambas com valores de p>0,05), Rácio E/A (p=0,0088), PVPG (p=0,01) e TRPG (p=0,016). Este estudo permitiu concluir que, na amostra estudada, existiu uma boa correlação dos dados com a bibliografia disponível, sendo que uma deteção precoce da DMVM e um bom acompanhamento permite a sua melhor caracterização e aplicação de medidas adequadas de manutenção da qualidade de vida do animal.
ABSTRACT - Mixomatous mitral valve disease in dogs (MMVD): retrospective study in 23 cases - Myxomatous mitral valve disease is the most common acquired cardiac disease in adult dogs, representing 75% to 80% of cardiac diseases. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more common in small breed dogs. Echocardiography is an essential mean of diagnosis and the treatment is usually palliative, made to improve quality of life. The objective of this work was to analyze the distribution and clinically characterize a group of dogs with the diagnosis of MMVD. On the present study 23 clinical cases were observed, examined by echocardiography. The sample was represented by 13 males (56,5%) and 10 females (43,5%), with an age interval between 3 and 15 years (9,91±3,18), and an average of body weights of 13,3±7,6 kg. The sample group was represented by 6 different breeds, including Poodle (n=4), Beagle (n=1), Podengo (n=1), Chinese Crested Dog (n=1), cross-bred of Epagneul Breton (n=1); and mixed breed dogs (SRD) (n=15) The distribution of the cases on different stages of MMVM according to the ACVIM consensus (American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine) revealed that 35% of the dogs (n=8) had echocardiographic evidences of MMVD stage B1, 30% (n=7) of MMVD B2, 30% (n=7) with evidences of MMVD stage C and 4% (n=1) of the cases with MMVD stage D. One of the goals of our study was to correlate clinical and echocardiographic parameters with stages B1, B2, C and D of the disease (significance level of p≥0,05). The parameters mostly associated with severity of MMVD in this study were LA/Ao ratio, LVIDd index, E/A ratio and TRPG. In terms of the echocardiography examination, the following variables were statistically tested: Heart rate (p=0,14), LA/Ao ratio (p=0,00000201), LVIDd index (p=0,00000823), %EF and %FS (both with p values >0,05), E/A ratio (p=0,0088), PVPG (p=0,01) and TRPG (p=0,016). In conclusion of this study, the present sample demonstrated a good correlation with the available data. A premature detection and medical follow-up of MMVD allow a better staging of the disease and the application of the right decisions to improve quality of life of dogs with mitral endocardiosis.
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Fonseca, Felipe Galuppo. "Toler?ncia de gram?neas forrageiras ao c?dmio e biodisponibilidade no solo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFVJM, 2012. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/534.
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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes)
Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido com os objetivos de avaliar a toler?ncia de gram?neas forrageiras e a absor??o, ac?mulo e disponibilidade no solo de c?dmio (Cd). Os experimentos foram instalados em condi??es de casa de vegeta??o do Departamento de Agronomia da Faculdade de Ci?ncias Agr?rias da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina (MG). As forrageiras estudadas foram: Panicum maximum cv. Aruana e cv. Tanz?nia e Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xara?s e cv. Marandu e as doses de Cd foram 0, 5, 10 e 20 mg L-1 de solu??o nutritiva e 0, 2, 4 e 12 mg kg-1 de solo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeti??es, sendo o per?odo experimental de 90 dias, em ambos os experimentos. Determinou-se a massa seca e os teores de Cd na parte a?rea, colmo e ra?zes das forrageiras. Os conte?dos de Cd foram calculados com base nos teores e nas produ??es de massa seca em cada parte da planta. No caso do experimento em solo, para avalia??o do teor de Cd foram utilizados os extratores Mehlich-1, DTPA pH 7,3, teor semitotal - USEPA 3051 e teor total - USEPA 3052. O crescimento relativo das forrageiras foi reduzido pelas doses de Cd, tanto na solu??o nutritiva quanto no solo, configurando a fitotoxidade do Cd nessas plantas. Por?m a sequ?ncia de suscetibilidade foi diferenciada para os experimentos, sendo a ordem decrescente de suscetibilidade na solu??o nutritiva a seguinte: Aruana > Tanz?nia > Xara?s > Basilisk > Marandu, enquanto no solo a sequ?ncia foi: Marandu > Xara?s > Aruana > Tanz?nia > Basilisk. Essa diferen?a de suscetibilidade ? atribu?da ?s diferentes intera??es das forrageiras com o solo. Em ambos os experimentos o teor de Cd nas forrageiras aumentou em fun??o das doses Cd. Por?m a presen?a de Cd na solu??o nutritiva fez com que o ac?mulo e ?ndice de transloca??o apresentassem resposta diferenciada para as forrageiras. Os extratores Mehlich-1 e DTPA foram eficientes para expressar o crescimento da planta. De toda forma, as forrageiras foram incapazes de limitar a absor??o e transloca??o de Cd, acarretando em toxicidade e redu??o de crescimento e altos teores de Cd em todas as partes da planta, n?o proporcionando barreira ? entrada do Cd na cadeia alimentar.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012.
ABSTRACT This work was carried out in order to evaluate the forage grasses tolerance and the absorption, accumulation and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) on soil. The experiments were settled under conditions of greenhouse on the Department of Agronomy of the College of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina (MG), Brazil. The forages grasses evaluated were: Panicum maximum cv. Aruana and cv. Tanz?nia and Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xara?s and cv. Marandu and the four doses of Cd were: 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg l-1 and the nutrients in solution 0, 2, 4 and 12 mg kg-1 for soil, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications, and the trial period of 90 days, in both experiments. The dry weight and concentration of Cd in shoots, stems and roots of forages were determined. The Cd content had been calculated based on the dry matter yield and content in each part of the plant. In the soil experiment, to measure the levels of Cd, there had been used the extractors Mehlich-1, DTPA pH 7.3, semi total content - USEPA 3051 and total content - USEPA 3052. The relative growth of the forage grasses was reduced with doses of Cd applied, both in the nutrient solution and on the soil, setting the phytotoxicity of Cd in these plants. However the sequence of susceptibility was different t tohe experiments, the decreasing order of susceptibility in the nutrient solution was: Aruana> Tanzania> Xara?s> Basilisk > Marandu, while in soil the sequence was: Marandu> Xara?s> Aruana> Tanzania> Basilisk. This difference in susceptibility is attributed to the different interactions of forage with soil. In both experiments (soil and nutrient solution) the Cd content in the forage increased due of increasing doses of Cd. Nevertheless the presence of Cd in the nutritive solution has made the accumulation and translocation index differently for the forages. Mehlich-1 and DTPA showed high positive correlation with relative growth of forages. The forages were unable to limit the absorption and translocation of Cd, resulting in toxicity and declining growth and high levels of Cd in all parts of the plant, providing no barrier to entry of Cd into the food chain.
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Hughes, Arwel Vaughan. "Languir monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett films containing the [M(dmit)â†2]'n'- anion." Thesis, Bangor University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263173.
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Allan, Gillian Margaret. "Organic and organometallic compounds of the 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate (dmit) ligand." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312355.
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Neutral diorganotin compounds of the 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate ligand have been prepared. The syntheses of Me2Sndmit, Et2Sndmit, Bu2Sndmit, (C8H17)2Sndmit, (C10H21)2Sndmit and (C14H29)2Sndmit are described. For the purposes of indicating the formation of different structural phases, D.S.C. powder patterns are reported for initial and recrystallised samples of Me2Sndmit, Et2Sndmit and Bu2Sndmit. Since Et2Sndmit showed different tin environments by solid phase state N.M.R. and clearly different powder patterns after recrystallisation, the compound was recrystallised from various solvents in an attempt to determine how many crystalline forms exist. To date, two forms have been identified: orthorhombic and monoclinic. The single crystal X-ray structure analyses of these are described. It has also been shown that upon heating a transition from the orthorhombic to the monoclinic form occurs at 140°C. The crystal strict of Me2Sndmit has also been determined and is reported, along with Mossbauer parameters for Me2Sndmit and Me2Sndmio (dmio = 1,3-dithiole-2-one-4,5-dithiolate). Anionic organotin bis-dmit complexes of the form [RSn(dmit)2][Q]+ have also been prepared, with a view to investigating their electrochemical properties. The syntheses of complexes with R chain length ranging from 4 to 18 carbons are described. The problem of formation of [Sn(dmit)3][Q]2 is also discussed. D.S.C. curves and cyclic voltammograms for [C14H29Sn(dmit)2][C14H29NMe3] and [NEt4][(dmit)2SnC10H20Sn(dmit)2][NEt4] are also described. Chiral macrocycles have potential uses as catalysts for asymmetric bond-forming reactions and as selective to metal ions. A chiral macrocyclic derivative of dmit was synthesised from methyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-bis-O-[(2-iodoethoxyethyl)-ethyl]-α-D-glucopyranoside. Since reaction of this with dmit proved to be unexpectedly problematic, attempted reactions of the sugar derivative with Na2dmit in situ, isolated Na2dmit, [Zn(dmit)2][NEt4]2, [Ph2Sn(dmit)I][NEt4] and Cs2dmit are described.
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Arriaga, Monique Louise Perret-Gentil. "Avaliação pós-viagem dos viajantes atendidos no ambulatório dos viajantes da DMIP do HCFMUSP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-14082014-142551/.
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Introdução. O Ambulatório de Viajantes (DMIP/HC/FMUSP) foi criado em São Paulo em fevereiro de 2001. Atualmente, os viajantes comparecem à clínica para consulta pré-viagem e em caso de doença, quando voltam à cidade. Avaliação pós- viagem não é feita rotineiramente. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo ampliar as informações sobre as viagens realizadas e avaliar a adequação e a adesão às orientações pré-viagem. Métodos. No período de 03/02/2011 a 31/12/2011 foram convidados a participar do estudo os viajantes que procuraram o ambulatório para consulta pré-viagem. Os viajantes que concordaram em participar assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. Orientação pré-viagem: coleta de dados sobre as medidas de prevenção gerais recomendadas em relação a doenças transmitidas por vetores, água e alimentos, exposição acidental a animais; e dados individuais sobre as condições da viagem, vacinação prévia e histórico de saúde. Avaliação Pósviagem: Um questionário foi enviado aos participantes 15 dias após a data prevista de retorno. As respostas foram armazenadas na base de dados Excel. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva para apresentar todas as variáveis relevantes, utilizando Epi Info (CDC) e SPSS. Regressão logística multivariada foi usada para detectar fatores de risco independentes associados com o desenvolvimento de diarréia. Resultados. Foram obtidas 150 respostas (taxa de resposta de 52,8%), sendo 94 % dos participantes brasileiros, 89% com nível universitário, 55,1% do sexo feminino, a maioria entre 25 e 44 anos (54,5%). O tempo desde a consulta até a viagem foi menor de 28 dias em 60,1 %. Os destinos mais frequentes foram África em 58 viajantes (38,7%), seguida pela Ásia em 43 (28,7%). Demanda por serviços de saúde: 10,9% durante a viagem, e 6% no retorno. Causa da procura de atenção médica, diarréia (31,2%), seguido de acidentes em 18,7% e suspeita de malária em 12,5%. Entre os pacientes com diarréia ficar em casa de nativos (RR = 2,38; P = 0,004) e ter várias acomodações (RR 1,93; P = 0,02) foram fatores de risco na análise univariada. Viagem à Ásia foi também fator de risco (P= 0,024). Na análise multivariada a associação não se manteve. Em relação à adesão às medidas profiláticas recomendadas, a utilização de água mineral foi elevada entre todos os viajantes (94,1%), uso de hipoclorito, água fervida e limpeza dos alimentos antes do consumo foi maior no grupo de viajantes com diarréia. Hipoclorito para o consumo de água foi fator de risco (P = 0,003), independentemente do país visitado. Adesão à quimioprofilaxia da malária foi baixa, no entanto, apenas 9,6 % dos viajantes em risco apresentou malária. Exposição acidental a outros animais ocorreu em 4,7% dos viajantes. Relação sexual com conhecidos durante a viagem foi relatada por 20 % dos viajantes; 43,3 % não usaram preservativos; 46,1 % dos viajantes fizeram comentários favoráveis ao atendimento recebido e a utilidade durante a viagem. Conclusões. A principal causa de doença e procura por assistência médica foi diarreia. Adesão à quimioprofilaxia da malária e outras medidas recomendadas foi baixa. A procura por atendimento médico durante e após a viagem foi alta nessa série. Propõe-se aumentar a divulgação do serviço de forma a atingir outros setores da populaçãoBackground. The Travelers Outpatient Clinic (DMIP/HC /FMUSP) was established in São Paulo in February 2001. Currently, patients attend the clinic for pre-travel consultation and in case of illness when return to the city. Post-travel evaluation is not done routinely. This research aims to expand the information about the trips; profile occurrences; assess pre-trip orientations; adherence and adequacy, impact on disease prevention, and may be used to improve the pre-travel orientation and quality of care. Methods. In the period from 03/02/2011 to 31/12/2011 were invited to participate in the study travelers seeking outpatient care for pre-travel consultation. Travelers who agreed to participate signed the informed consent form. The study was conducted in two stages. Pre-travel orientation: collecting data on general prevention measures recommended in relation to vector-borne diseases, food and water, accidental exposure to animals, and individual data on the conditions of travel, prior vaccination and health. Post-travel evaluation: A questionnaire was sent to participants 15 days after the expected travel return date. The responses were stored in Excel database. Descriptive statistics were used to present all relevant variables using Epi Info (CDC) and SPSS. Multivariate logistic regression was used to detect independent risk factors associated with the development of diarrhea. Results. Were obtained 150 responses (52.81% response rate); 94% of participants were Brazilians, (89%) had college education, 54.5% of the participants were between 25 and 44 years and 55.1% were female. The time from consultation until the trip was less than 28 days in 60.1%. Travel destination: Africa in 58 travelers (38.7%), followed by Asia in 43 (28.7%). Demand for medical services: 10.9% during the trip, and 6% in return. Cause of seeking medical care: diarrhea (31.2 %) followed by accidents in 18.7% and suspected malaria in 12.5%. Among the patients with diarrhea the accommodation in native houses (RR=2.38 P = 0.004) and multiple accommodations (RR=2.006 P = 0.020) were risk factors. Travel to Asia was also a risk (RR 1.93 P = 0.024). In multivariate analysis the association was not maintained. Regarding adherence to prophylactic measures recommended; the use of mineral water was high among all travelers (94.1%); use of hypochlorite, boiled water and cleaning food before consumption were higher in the group of travelers with diarrhea; finding hypochlorite for water consumption as a risk factor (P = 0.003) regardless of the country visited. Adherence to chemoprophylaxis for malaria was low, however only 9.6% of travelers at risk had malaria. Reporting of accidental exposure to other animals occurred in 4.7% of our travelers. The sexual relationship with acquaintances during the trip was reported by 20% of travelers; of these 43.3% did not use condoms. 46.1% of travelers made favorable comments to the care received and the utility during the trip. Conclusions. The leading cause of illness and demand for medical care was diarrhea. Adherence to chemoprophylaxis for malaria and other recommended measures was low. Looking for medical service during and after the trip was high in this series.Proposes to increase the disclosure of the service in order to reach other sectors of the population .
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Konečný, Jiří. "Posouzení účinnosti filtračního materiálu DMI-65 na odstraňování kovů z vody." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240478.
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The first chapter of diploma thesis discusses about various water processes which remove metals and metalloids compounds from water. A substantial part is devoted to filter materials, which include a new filter material DMI-65. Comprehensive chapter discribes characteristics, proporties and practical application of filter material DMI-65. The next chapter describes the process of pilot testing of material DMI-65 in the water treatment plant in Ivancice. At the end of the diploma thesis, the laboratory test of filter material DMI-65 is described, including the description of particular metals that are removed from the water and the compresion of the filter materiál DMI-65 with other selected filter materials.
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Lévy, Julien. "Clonage positionnel du gène DMI3 impliqué dans la nodulation et la mycorhization chez Medicago truncatula." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30193.
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Irwin, Caroline. "Comparison of Shatter Effects in Autodesk Maya with nCloth and DMM Plugin." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12040.
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In today’s society, movies and videogames with a great deal of visual effects that contain objects that break, shatter or explode are popular. They are created from a number of different kinds of 3D programs and plugins. This time Autodesk Mayas nCloth is compared with the new built-in Digital Molecular Matter (DMM) Plugin to see which technique is easiest to use, as well as delivers the best result. A modeled sculpture was shattered using both nCloth and DMM and a set of predefined areas were studied. The results reveals that both techniques can be employed however the DMM technology has several advantages where less time consumption is one of them.
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Ullah, Ikram [Verfasser], and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Brehm. "Characterization of RNA interactions of dMi-2 / Ikram Ullah ; Betreuer: Alexander Brehm." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236692152/34.
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Igansi, Gustavo Nascente. "Efeito da exposi??o ao c?dmio sobre dano oxidativo, morte celular e comportamento de zebrafish." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5444.
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Previous issue date: 2012-01-27Cadmium is considered the seventh most dangerous substance in the environment and is classified as carcinogen type I, potentially affecting a wide range of living organisms, including humans. In addition to its wide systemic impact and potential lethality, cadmium has been associated to neurobehavioral defects that may also compromise animals ecological status and survival. Despite its potential impact, the comprehension of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cadmium deleterious effects on animals behavior is still scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the behavioral effects of cadmium for 1 or 7 days at environmentally relevant concentrations (10 μg/L, 100 μg/L and 1000 μg/L) on zebrafish and to analyze brain oxidative stress and apoptotic markers. Cadmium-exposed zebrafish exhibited a generalized increase in locomotor activity after 1 and 7 days of treatment at all doses in all parameters evaluated, including distance travelled in a 5-min. evaluation period, mean speed and mobile periods. This hyperlocomotory effect significantly compromised animals general performance in exploring a new environment, which was evident in all cadmium exposed animals decreased path efficiency and altered distribution on the water column. Additionally, our results confirmed previous reports of increased oxidative damage in fishes exposed to cadmium and specifically demonstrated higher levels of damaged proteins in brain samples of animals exposed to cadmium at 100 μg/L for 1 day and at 10 μg/L for 7 days when compared to their respective control groups. Lipid peroxidation was also significantly increased in animals brain after 1 day cadmium exposure at 100 μg/L. Real-Time PCR analysis of transcripts for p53 and bax were not altered after 1 day cadmium exposure, but significantly increased after 7 days. Our results present evidence of cadmium deleterious effects on zebrafish cognitive functions and raise attention to the fact that its manifestation appears already after a one day exposure to 10 μg/L, a concentration accepted by most international regulating agencies
O c?dmio ? considerado a s?tima subst?ncia mais perigosa presente no ambiente e ? classificado como carcinog?nico tipo I, potencialmente afetando uma grande quantidade de seres vivos, incluindo os humanos. Ademais, o c?dmio tem sido associado a defeitos neurocomportamentais que podem comprometer o status ecol?gico e a sobreviv?ncia de animais. Apesar do potencial impacto, a compreens?o dos mecanismos celulares e moleculares por tr?s de seus efeitos delet?rios no comportamento de animais ? ainda escassa. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos comportamentais do c?dmio por 1 e 7 dias a concentra??es relevantes no ambiente (10 μg/L, 100 μg/L and 1000 μg/L) em zebrafish e analisar o estresse oxidativo e marcadores de apoptose no enc?falo. Animais expostos ao c?dmio apresentaram aumento na atividade locomotora ap?s 1 e 7 dias de tratamento em todas as concentra??es e par?metros avaliados, incluindo dist?ncia percorrida num per?odo de 5 minutos, velocidade m?dia e per?odos m?veis. A hiperlocomo??o afetou significativamente o desempenho dos animais em explorar um novo ambiente em todos os grupos tratados, evidenciado por uma diminui??o na efici?ncia de percurso e alterada distribui??o na coluna d ?gua. Adicionalmente, nossos resultados confirmaram estudos pr?vios sobre aumento no dano oxidativo em peixes quando expostos ao c?dmio e especialmente demonstraram n?veis mais elevados de dano a prote?nas em amostras de enc?falo em animais tratados a 100 μg/L por 1 dia e a 10 μg/L por 7 dias quando comparados aos seus respectivos controles. Lipoperoxida??o aumentou significativamente no enc?falo de animais expostos por 1 dia a 100 μg/L. An?lises dos marcadores p53 e bax por Real-time PCR apresentaram nenhuma altera??o ap?s 1 dia de exposi??o, mas significativamente aumentaram ap?s 7 dias. Nossos resultados apresentam evid?ncias dos efeitos delet?rios do c?dmio no comportamento de zebrafish e chama aten??o para o fato de que a manifesta??o de seus efeitos aparece a partir de 1 dia de exposi??o a 10 μg/L, uma concentra??o aceita por muitas ag?ncias de regulamenta??o internacional
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Ponce, Ortiz Roberto Baruch. "Multi-site fungicides associated with DMIs and QoIs: a new strategy to control asian soybean rust." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7516.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A ferrugem asiática da soja, causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi, desde que foi relatada pela primeira vez no Brasil, tem sido alvo de estudos quanto ao emprego de fungicidas para seu controle. Entretanto, devido ao uso indiscriminado destes produtos, em especial provenientes do grupo DMI (“Demethylation inhibitor”) e QoI (“Quinone outside inhibitor”), também conhecidos respectivamente como triazóis e estrubirulinas, relatos de resistência estão cada vez mais comuns atualmente. Com intuito de estudar novas estratégias para o controle químico da ferrugem, experimentos foram conduzidos a nível de laboratório, casa-de-vegetação e campo para avaliar o efeito da associação de fungicidas pertencentes ao grupos dos DMIs e QoIs com fungicidas de múlti-sítios. Os experimentos realizados a nível de laboratório e casa-de-vegetação estudaram o efeito sistêmico e translaminar de diferentes fungicidas comerciais à base de triazóis (Epoxiconazol, Ciproconazol, Protioconazol, Flutriafol e Tebuconazol) e estrubirulinas (Piraclostrobina e Trifloxistrobina), sendo que para o experimento em casa-vegetação foi adicionado diferentes fungicidas multi-sítios (Mancozebe e Chlorothalonil), Com base nos resultados obtidos em laboratório e em casa-de-vegetação, foram realizados experimentos a nível de campo para avaliar o efeito de fungicidas à base dos triazóis; Epoxiconazol e Ciproconazol, e das estrubirulinas Piraclostrobina e Azoxistrobina, em associação com Mancozebe, Metiram e Chlorothalonil. A ferrugem asiática foi avaliada por médio da severidade com auxílio de escala diagramática e os dados obtidos foram integrados para calcular a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). Além da avaliação de doença, foi determinado rendimento de grãos (kg/ha) de cada parcela. O bioensaio realizado no laboratório e estufa mostraram que os tratamentos fungicidas utilizados obtiveram uma eficiência mínima de controle da ferrugem asiática da soja de 92 %, comparado com a testemunha. Ensaios de campo, demonstraram que todas as combinações fungicidas empregadas foram eficazes para controlar a ferrugem asiática e consequentemente favorecer um maior ganho de produtividade em comparação com a testemunha. Ao analisar a eficácia de controle da ferrugem asiática nos terços inferior, médio e superior, mostrou que a aplicação de Expoxiconazole com piraclostrobina e Ciproconazol com azoxistrobina reduz ASR (inferior, médio e superior) a queda de folha (%), e aumento no rendimento (kg/ha). Observou-se que a incidência do ASR diferiu entre as partes de dossel. A gravidade aumentou de inferior para a parte superior Ficou evidenciado nesse trabalho, que a aplicação das misturas entre DMI, QoI e multi- sítios promoveu de forma eficaz a redução da doença, propiciou ganho de produtividade e evitou a desfolha das plantas. O emprego de misturas que combinam fungicidas com alto risco de resistência (DMI e QoI) com fungicidas de baixo risco (multi-sítios) podem ser uma nova estratégia para o manejo da ferrugem a curto e a longo prazo. Além disso, em função do efeito residual e protetor de fungicidas multi-sítios promover maior longevidade de moléculas e redução do número de aplicação de fungicidas sistêmicos do grupo dos DMI e QoI.
Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, since it was first reported in Brazil, has been the subject of studies regarding the use of fungicides to its control. However, due to the indiscriminate use of this products, especially from the DMIs ("demethylation inhibitors") and QoIs ("Quinone outside inhibitor") groups, also known respectively as triazoles and strobilurins, resistance reports are increasingly common nowadays. In order to study new strategies for chemical control of ASR, experiments were conducted in laboratory, greenhouse and field to evaluate the effect of fungicides belonging to the DMIs and QoIs groups associated with multi-site fungicides. Experiments were carried out at laboratory and greenhouse in order to study the systemic and translaminar effect of triazoles (Epoxiconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Flutriafol and Tebuconazole) and Strobilurins (Pyraclostrobin and Trifloxystrobin), and for the experiment in greenhouse were mixed these lasts with multi-site fungicides like (Mancozeb and Chlorothalonil). Based on the results obtained in the laboratory and greenhouse, field trial experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of fungicides compounded with triazole like Epoxiconazole and Cyproconazole, and strobilurins like Pyraclostrobin and Azoxystrobin with Mancozeb, Metiram and Chlorothalonil. ASR was assessed by the severity using a diagrammatic scale and the data were integrated to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Besides the evaluation of disease, it was determined grain yield (kg/ha) for each plot. The bioassay conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse showed that the fungicide treatments obtained a minimum efficacy of 92 % against ASR, compared to the control. The field trials showed that all combinations of fungicides used were effective to control ASR and promoted greater yield gain compared to the control. Analyzing the effectiveness to control ASR in the lower, medium and upper part of the canopy, showed that application of Expoxiconazole with Pyraclostrobin, and Cyproconazole with Azoxystrobin reduced ASR (lower, medium and upper) and leaf fall (%), and increased yield gain (kg/ha). It was observed that the incidence of the ASR differed between the canopy parts. The severity increased from lower to the upper part. It was evidenced in this work, that the application of DMI, QoI and multi-site fungicides in association promoted effectively the disease reduction, increased yield and avoided the leaf fall. The use of commercial formulation fungicides with high risk of resistance (DMI and QoI) combined to low risk ones (multi-site) could be a new strategy for the management of the ASR at short and long term. Furthermore, due to the residual effect and protective of multi-site fungicides like Mancozeb, Chlorothalonil and Metiram, can promote higher longevity of DMI and QoI molecules and reduce the number of application of systemic fungicides.
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Ané, Jean-Michel. "Vers le clonage positionnel du gène DMI1 impliqué dans la nodulation et la mycorhization chez Medicago truncatula." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30130.
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Messinese, Elsa. "Recherche de partenaires protéiques de la protéine DMI3/CCaMK chez Medicago truncatula : analyse comparée du phosphoprotéome de plante sauvage et mutante ; Isolement de la protéine nucléaire IPD3 (Interacting Protein of DMI3) par une approche de double-hybride chez la levure." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30045.
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L’établissement de la symbiose Rhizobium-Légumineuse repose sur une reconnaissance spécifique par la plante hôte de signaux microbiens : les facteurs Nod. Chez Medicago truncatula, la voie de signalisation Nod fait intervenir DMI3, une protéine kinase dépendante du calcium et de la calmoduline (CCaMK), impliquée dans le décodage des oscillations calciques générées dans le noyau en réponse aux facteurs Nod. Le travail de thèse a visé à identifier les substrats ou les régulateurs de la CCaMK afin de mieux comprendre son mode d’action. L’étude comparée du phosphoprotéome racinaire de la lignée sauvage et du mutant dmi3 d’une part, et une approche double hybride d’autre part, ont été réalisées. Une protéine nucléaire, de fonction inconnue, interagissant avec l’enzyme a été identifiéeDuring the establishment of the rhizobia-legume symbiosis, the host specificity is mediated by bacterial signals named “Nod factors”. Several genes are involved in the Nod factor signal pathway in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Among them, DMI3 is a calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase and is hypothesized to decode the calcium spikes generated into the nucleus in response to Nod factors. The aim of my work was to identify substrates or regulators of DMI3. A root phosphoproteome analysis between wild-type and a mutant strain has been carried out to isolate substrates of DMI3/CCaMK. A yeast-two hybrid approach was aimed at identifying protein partners of DMI3. Then, a novel nuclear protein of unknown function, interacting with DMI3, has been identified
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Godfroy, Olivier. "Etude génétique et moléculaire de deux gènes de Medicago truncatula, DMI3 et RPG, contrôlant l'établissement de symbioses racinaires." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/258/.
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Le gène DMI3 de la légumineuse modèle Medicago truncatula code pour une Calcium and Calmodulin dependent protein Kinase (CCaMK) qui intervient dans les voies de signalisation nécessaires à l'établissement des symbioses mycorhizienne et rhizobienne. Nous avons montré qu'une CCaMK de riz peut restaurer la capacité d'un mutant dmi3 à noduler en présence de rhizobium. Une CCaMK de non légumineuse est donc capable de reconnaître et de transduire le signal calcique induit par les facteurs Nod du rhizobium. De plus, les résultats de complémentation ainsi que les études d'expression tissulaire de ce gène indiquent que DMI3 est requis tout au long du processus d'infection de la racine par les rhizobium. Ce processus infectieux nécessite également le gène RPG. Par des études d'expression tissulaire, nous avons confirmé que RPG, comme DMI3, est étroitement lié au développement des cordons d'infection, des structures symbiotiques particulières nécessaires à l'infectionThe DMI3 gene of the model legume Medicago truncatula encodes a Calcium and Calmodulin dependant Protein Kinase (CCaMK) involved in the signalling pathways leading to the establishment of both mycorrhizal and rhizobial root symbiosis. We have shown that a rice CCaMK can restore the nodulation ability of a M. Truncatula dmi3 mutant, indicating that a non-legume CCaMK is able to recognize and transduce a calcium signal elicited by the specific Nod Factors produced by the rhizobial symbiont. Furthermore, complementation experiments and spatial expression studies of DMI3 indicate that the CCaMK is necessary for successful infection of plant roots by rhizobia. This infection process also requires the RPG gene. By spatial expression studies, we confirmed that RPG and DMI3 are both tightly associated with the development of infection threads, which are symbiotic specific structures required for root infection of M. Truncatula by rhizobia
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Godfroy, Olivier Rosenberg Charles Debelle Frédéric. "Etude génétique et moléculaire de deux gènes de Medicago truncatula, DMI3 et RPG, contrôlant l'établissement de symbioses racinaires." Toulouse (Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3), 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/258.
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Svensson, Jonas, Karl-Linus Blomberg, and Joakim Eriksson. "Mapping of relations and dependencies using DSM/DMM-analysis : Casting mold manufacturing at Husqvarna." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-256.
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Husqvarna is a Swedish company producing products for forestry, park and gardens. Due to harder competition they wish to increase efficacy in production. This can be achieved by shorter lead-times in the complex process of making casting molds. Activities within this process have certain relations and dependencies between each other that can be analyzed by using a Dependence Structure Matrix. The Dependence Structure Matrix is a tool that can improve efficiency by rearranging activities according to how they are dependent of each other.
The purpose is to make a Dependence Structure Matrix of activities that Husqvarna can use to analyze dependencies within the process of cast molding. The DSM Matrix will propose restructured activities of the process which can be evaluated to determine if greater efficacy can be reached.
To determine the activities within the process of making cast molds a workshop at Husqvarna for the people involved was conducted. A matrix has been constructed based on the information of activities and their dependencies. This information has then been analyzed by the software Multiplan.
The process of making casting molds could be analyzed by the DSM/DMM approach. A new order of how to carry out activities is the outcome of the analysis. The result can be analyzed by Husqvarna in order to determine if greater efficacy can be reached.
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Mathieu, Eve-Lyne [Verfasser], and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Brehm. "Genome-wide analysis of dMi-2 binding sites / Eve-Lyne Mathieu. Betreuer: Alexander Brehm." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045729639/34.
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Magi, Matteo. "Gestione del magazzino, codifica e tracciabilità dei prodotti di acquisto: il caso DMM S.p.A." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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Il presente elaborato è stato redatto all’interno di DMM S.p.A., azienda specializzata nella lavorazione del metallo.
Dopo un periodo iniziale finalizzato alla conoscenza della realtà aziendale, si è deciso di effettuare una mappatura dei materiali acquistati dall’azienda con lo scopo di identificare gli articoli o le categorie di prodotto con maggior valore a livello di volumi e di costi. Durante questo lavoro, si è constatato che la maggior parte degli articoli non aveva associata una corrispondente categoria merceologica; si è perciò deciso di risolvere questo problema, partendo dalla razionalizzazione del sistema di codifica aziendale. In particolare, è stata ricercata una correlazione tra il dizionario di codifica degli articoli di acquisto e le categorie merceologiche già presenti all’interno del gestionale aziendale, seguendo una logica definita a priori e con l’obiettivo di cercare di semplificare l’inserimento automatico della categoria associata al prodotto. La correlazione è stata fatta in modo tale da far corrispondere ciascuna codifica di un articolo a una e una sola categoria, apportando delle piccole modifiche sia nel dizionario di codifica sia nella lista di categorie merceologiche già presenti.
In seguito, si è deciso di verificare le politiche di lotto e le tempistiche di riordino degli articoli che si portano dietro la maggior parte dei costi; è stato quindi necessario stimare i parametri fondamentali per questo calcolo. In particolare, per la stima del costo di emissione di un ordine è stato utilizzato un metodo, che prende il nome di “activity based costing”, che fornisce dati sull’effettiva incidenza dei costi associati a ciascun prodotto o servizio.
I risultati ottenuti consentono ora all’azienda di modificare i propri lotti di riordino per ridurre il più possibile i costi a essi associati. Inoltre, il lavoro svolto potrà tornare utile all’azienda qualora necessitasse di implementare un metodo da poter estendere ad altri articoli o categorie.
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Jonason, Nicolas. "Investigating parameter mapping of the digital musical instrument Force Ghost." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189333.
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This paper investigates the viability of two different mappings of two parameters of the digital musical instrument Force Ghost. The instrument produces sound by having an ambience (a recording of rain or of waves on the beach) filtered by bandpass filters whose center-frequencies are controlled by a midi-keyboard. Five bandpass filters are assigned to each note, corresponding to the fundamental frequency its and its multiples (2f,3f,4f,5f). The mapped parameters are the Q-factor of the bandpass filters and the timbre, defined as the relative level between the even and odd multiples harmonics. These two parameters are mapped to the modulation wheel and the pitch bend wheel. The mappings of the parameters are investigated with the help of musical tasks completed by musicians rounded up with semi-structured interviews. The interviews revealed that the modulation wheel was to be prefered due to the lack of a spring mechanism (which is an attribute of the pitch bend wheel), forcing the wheel back to its default position (in the middle) when released. The results from the musical tasks suggested an indication that none of the sensors have better controllability than the other, regardless of parameter it controls. In conclusion, a sensor that gravitates towards a resting state does not seem to be suitable to control a parameter (scaling) that lacks a “resting value” (as perceived by musicians).Denna artikel utreder två mappningar av två parametrar hos det digitala musikaliska instrumentet Force Ghost. Instrumentet ljuder genom att en ljudkälla filtreras av bandpassfilter. Ljudkällan i detta fall är ljudet av regnfall i en skog. Varje tangent på ett keyboard är kopplat till minst ett bandpassfilter, vars MIDI-not kopplat till motsvarande frekvens. Denna frekvens är bandpassfiltrets centerfrekvens. När en tangent nedtrycks genereras bandpassfiltret, vilket skapar en ton ur ljudkällan. De två parametrarna i fokus är kopplade till bandpassfiltrerna. De är Q-värdet (kopplat till bandpassfiltrernas bandbredd) och klangfärgen (kopplat till övertonerna; vilka de är och deras amplitudrelation för varje not). Dessa två parametrar är mappade till modulations-hjulet och pitchbend-hjulet. Mappningen av dessa parametrar är undersökt genom musikuppgifter och självständig utforskning genomförda av musiker. Detta spelades in och sedan utfördes en semistrukturerad intervju med musikerna. Intervjuerna visade att modulations-hjulet föredrogs på grund av avsaknaden av fjädermekanismen som finns hos pitchbend-hjulet. Denna mekanism tvingar pitchbend-hjulet tillbaka till sin utgångsposition (i mitten) när den släpps. Resultaten från musikuppgifterna indikerar att ingen av sensorerna har bättre kontrollbarhet än den andre, oavsett vilket parameter den kontrollerar. Sammanfattningsvis, en sensor som graviterar mot ett viloläge verkar inte vara lämplig för att kontrollera en parameter (-skalning) som saknar ett “vilovärde” (så som uppfattat av musiker).
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Sol, Nicole Inez. "Intercultural sensitivity through the mass-mediated lens : understanding DMIS levels in newspaper editorials in regards to same-sex marriage." Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/696.
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Chtioui, Gay Imane. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanoparticules de conducteurs et de supraconducteurs moléculaires : Application à la thermoélectricité." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30292/document.
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Ce travail a concerné la préparation des premières nanoparticules de supraconducteurs moléculaires dont la croissance en solution a pu être contrôlée par l'ajout de molécules amphiphiles neutres (amines, imines, acides carboxyliques). Notre étude s'est principalement focalisée sur les sels de Bechgaard (TMTSF)2X (TMTSF : tétraméthyltétrasélénafulvalène, X = ClO4 ou PF6) et sur le dérivé (BEDT-TTF)2I3 (BEDT-TTF : bis(éthylènedithio)tétrathiafulvalène). La taille, la morphologie et l'état de dispersion des nanoparticules ont été contrôlés par la nature et la concentration du structurant amphiphile. Ces nanoparticules ont été caractérisées par des méthodes spectroscopiques (IR, Raman, UV-visible, spectrométrie de photoélectrons), diffractométriques et microscopiques (microscopie électronique à transmission et AFM). Elles présentent une transition vers un état supraconducteur mise en évidence par des mesures de résistivité électrique ou de susceptibilité magnétique. Finalement, le pouvoir thermoélectrique des nano-objets de (BEDT-TTF)2I3 a été évalué. Des mesures préliminaires de facteur de mérite thermoélectrique (ZT) en font des candidats potentiels pour la réalisation de modules thermoélectriques organiquesIn this work, we described the preparation of the first nanoparticles of molecule-based superconductors for which the growth has been controlled by the addition of neutral amphiphilic molecules (such as amines, imines, carboxylic acids). Our study focused on Bechgaard salts (TMTSF)2X (TMTSF: tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene, X = ClO4 or PF6) and (BEDT-TTF)2I3 (BEDT-TTF: bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene). The size, the morphology and the state of dispersion of the nanoparticles have been controlled by the nature and the concentration of the amphiphilic structuring agent. The particles have been characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, UV-visible, photoelectron spectroscopy), X-Ray diffraction and microscopy (TEM and AFM). Small particles underwent a transition to a superconducting state, as evidenced by electrical resistivity or magnetic susceptibility measurements. Finally, the thermoelectric power of nano-objects of (BEDT-TTF)2I3 has been evaluated. Preliminary measurements of the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) make them potential candidates for future organic-based thermoelectric generators
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MELO, Jessica Coelho. "Controle da mancha-de-estenf?lio do tomateiro com produtos de a??o fungicida: efici?ncia e teores de metais." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2263.
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The gray leaf spot caused by Stemphylium solani, has occasioned losses in the tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in several regions of Brazil. Although there are resistant cultivars, the control has been made, essentially, with application of fungicides. These, despite the practicality and efficiency can lead to the accumulation of polluting substances in the air and in the fruits. This study aimed to evaluate: 1) the chemical control efficiency of the disease with commercial fungicides registered for crop and with alternative products such as syrups and plant extracts; 2) the influence of these treatments on the development and production of tomato; 3) the contribution of metals in the system and its contents in leaves and fruits; 4) to compare the contents of metals in the fresh mass of the fruits with the limits allowed by the legislation. Three trials were carried out, one in the greenhouse and two in the field, and different products were compared: mancozebe, tebuconazole, copper oxychloride, vi?osa mixture, bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur, garlic extract and water. Were evaluated the progress of the disease, the production and the supply of metals in the soil, plants and fruits (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni and Zn). The disease occurred on average at low intensity and did not affect the fruit production, which did not allow an adequate evaluation of the efficiency of the treatments. Among all the products tested, bordeaux and vi?osa mixtures and mancozebe were the most efficient in controlling the disease, however, without affecting the accumulation of fresh and dry mass of the plants and productivity. Bordeaux and vi?osa mixtures were the products that contributed the most to the incorporation of metals to the agrosystem followed by mancozebe and copper oxychloride. The concentration of metals in the fruits was below the maximum limit allowed by the MERCOSUL Technical Regulation, however, it deserves attention in view of fact that the Cd values found in the fruits are very close to the allowed limit, especially in the treatments with vi?osa mixture, oxychloride copper and bordeaux mixture. The continuous use of fungicides and vi?osa and bordeaux mixtures can contribute to the accumulation of heavy metals in the agrosystem. New studies addressing this topic should be made.
A mancha-de-estenf?lio, causada por Stemphylium solani, tem ocasionado perdas na cultura do tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum L.) em v?rias regi?es do Brasil. Apesar de existirem cultivares resistentes, o controle tem sido feito, essencialmente, com aplica??o de fungicidas. Estes, apesar da praticidade e efici?ncia podem levar ao ac?mulo de subst?ncias poluentes no ar e nos frutos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar: 1) a efici?ncia do controle qu?mico da doen?a com fungicidas comerciais registrados para a cultura e com produtos alternativos como caldas e extratos de plantas; 2) a influ?ncia destes tratamentos no desenvolvimento e produ??o do tomateiro; 3) o aporte de metais no sistema e os seus teores nas folhas e frutos; 4) comparar os teores de metais na massa fresca dos frutos com os limites permitidos pela legisla??o. Realizaram-se tr?s ensaios, um em casa-de-vegeta??o e dois no campo e compararam-se diferentes produtos: mancozebe, tebuconazole, oxicloreto de cobre, calda vi?osa, calda bordalesa, calda sulfoc?lcica, extrato de alho e ?gua. Avaliaram-se o progresso da doen?a, a produ??o e o aporte de metais no solo, plantas e frutos (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni e Zn). A doen?a ocorreu em m?dia a baixa intensidade e n?o afetou a produ??o de frutos, o que n?o permitiu uma adequada avalia??o da efici?ncia dos tratamentos. Dentre todos os produtos testados, as caldas bordalesa e vi?osa e o mancozebe foram os mais eficientes no controle da doen?a, por?m, sem afetar o ac?mulo de massa fresca e seca das plantas e a produtividade. As caldas bordalesa e vi?osa foram os produtos que mais contribu?ram para a incorpora??o de metais ao agrossistema seguido do mancozebe e do oxicloreto de cobre. A concentra??o de metais nos frutos esteve abaixo do limite m?ximo permitido pelo Regulamento T?cnico MERCOSUL, no entanto, merece aten??o tendo em vista o fato dos valores de Cd encontrados nos frutos estarem muio pr?ximo do limite permitido, especialmente nos tratamentos com calda vi?osa, oxicloreto de cobre e calda bordalesa. O uso cont?nuo de fungicidas e das caldas vi?osa e bordalesa podem contribuir para o ac?mulo de metais pesados no agrossistema. Novos estudos abordando este tema devem ser feitos.
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NASCIMENTO, Vinicius Sampaio do. "Avalia??o de Pennisetum purpureum Schum na fitorremedia??o de zinco e c?dmio em solo enriquecido com res?duo." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1617.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel SuperiorTo meet growing demand for goods and services of modern society there is an increase in industrial activity, is highlighting the versatility of steel for use of its products. Meanwhile, as well as all human activity there is the generation of waste that may contain contaminants, among these heavy metals, which are arranged in an inappropriate manner pose a risk to humans and other living organisms. In soil heavy metals can exist in different chemical forms, presented each of them a degree of availability, and the total content of an indication of soil contamination. The phytoremediation is a technique of bioremediation, which uses the cultivation of plants to remediate contaminated soil and water, either by the extraction (phytoextraction) or stabilization (phytostabilization) of the contaminant in the environment. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the culture of Pennisetum purpurem Schum., the distribution of chemical fractions of zinc and cadmium in the soil, in three of pH values, after contamination with industrial waste containing high levels of these elements, and their possible influence germination and development of the plant. It was conducted in a completely randomized experiment 2x2x3 factorial system, in a sample of Bt horizon of a Argisol Yellow, contaminated and not contaminated with residue from Cia Mercantile and Industrial Ing?, with and without cultivation of Pennisetum purpurem Schum., and receiving the application of three doses of CaCO3. The soil used was collected in the municipality of Pinheiral - RJ, being part of the sample contaminated with waste (66.67 g kg-1) to raise the level pseudo-Zn total of the values above 1500 mg kg-1. The sample was contaminated and not contaminated divided into three groups each received a different dose of CaCO3 (0.00, 0,75; 1,5 mg kg-1). After being incubated for 40 days to 80% of the field capacity, there were planted three Seedpieces of Pennisetum purpurem Schum., genotype Cameroon, in each unit cultivated. At 18 days after planting and germination were evaluated at the average height of the seedlings. At 135 days after planting were collected to shoot and root plants. The substrates were sampled after hatching and at the end of the experiment. In substrates was determined the pH in water and, for the treatments that received waste, the levels of Zn and Cd in the following fractions: soluble (F1), exchangeable (F2), precipitated (F3), absorbed more strongly (F4) and residual (F5). The extractors used to determine the fractions were: deionized water, MgCl2, acetic acid, DTPA and aqua regia. The results showed that the germination and development of Pennisetum purpurem Schum. were limited by the content of Cd and mainly in fractions of Zn more bioavailable (F1, F2). The levels of Zn in the soluble fraction (F1) exceeding 125 mg kg-1, caused a reduction in the germination and the initial development of culture. The cultivation of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. promoted reduction of soil pH of all treatments, and favored the solubility of Zn of contaminated substrates. Leaf contents of Zn greater than 1380 mg kg-1 caused sharp reduction in growth and phytotoxicity symptoms. The Pennisetum purpureum Schum did not show a behavior as plants hyperaccumulative of Zn and Cd, but they showed Zn accumulation and they were efficient in the remediation of Zn and Cd.
Para atender a demanda crescente por bens e servi?os da sociedade moderna houve um incremento da atividade industrial, se destacando a siderurgia pela versatilidade de emprego dos seus produtos. Entretanto, assim como toda atividade humana h? a gera??o de res?duos que podem conter contaminantes, dentre estes os metais pesados, que se dispostos de forma inadequada representam um risco a o homem e outros organismos vivos. Em solos os metais pesados podem existir em diferentes formas qu?micas, apresentando cada uma delas um grau de disponibilidade, sendo o teor total um indicativo de contamina??o do solo. A fitorremedia??o ? uma t?cnica da bioremedia??o, que utiliza o cultivo de plantas para remediar solos e ?guas contaminadas, seja pela extra??o (fitoextra??o) ou estabiliza??o (fitoestabiliza??o) do contaminante no ambiente. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do cultivo de Pennisetum purpurem Schum., na distribui??o das fra??es qu?micas de zinco e c?dmio no solo, em tr?s valores de pH, ap?s a contamina??o com res?duo industrial contendo altos teores destes elementos, e a sua poss?vel influ?ncia na germina??o e desenvolvimento da planta. Foi conduzido um experimento inteiramente casualizado no sistema fatorial 2x2x3, em amostra de horizonte Bt de um Argissolo Amarelo, contaminado e n?o contaminado, com res?duo da Cia Mercantil e Industrial Ing?, com e sem cultivo de Pennisetum purpurem Schum., e recebendo a aplica??o de tr?s doses de CaCO3. O solo utilizado foi coletado no munic?pio de Pinheiral ? RJ, sendo parte da amostra contaminada com res?duo (66,67 g kg-1), para elevar o teor pseudo-total de Zn a valores superiores a 1500 mg kg-1. A amostra contaminada e n?o contaminada foi dividida em tr?s grupos cada um recebeu uma dose diferente de CaCO3 (0,00; 0,75; 1,5 mg kg-1). Posteriormente sendo incubadas por 40 dias a 80% da capacidade de campo. Ap?s a incuba??o foram plantados tr?s toletes de Pennisetum purpurem Schum., gen?tipo Cameroon, em cada unidade cultivada. Aos 18 dias ap?s o plantio foram avaliadas a germina??o e a altura m?dia das pl?ntulas. Aos 135 dias ap?s o plantio foram coletadas a parte a?rea e raiz das plantas. Os substratos foram amostrados ap?s a incuba??o e no final do experimento. Nestes substratos foi determinado o pH em ?gua e, para os tratamentos que receberam res?duo, os teores de Zn e Cd nas seguintes fra??es: sol?vel (F1), troc?vel (F2), precipitada (F3), adsorvida mais fortemente (F4) e residual (F5). Os extratores utilizados para a determina??o das fra??es foram: ?gua deionizada, MgCl2, ?cido ac?tico, DTPA e ?gua r?gia. Os resultados mostraram que a germina??o e o desenvolvimento de Pennisetum purpurem Schum. foram limitados pelo teor de Cd e principalmente de Zn nas fra??es mais biodispon?veis (F1 e F2). Os teores de Zn na fra??o sol?vel (F1) superiores a 125 mg kg-1, provocaram redu??o na germina??o e no desenvolvimento inicial da cultura. O cultivo de Pennisetum purpureum Schum. promoveu redu??o do pH do solo de todos os tratamentos, tendo favorecido a solubilidade de Zn dos substratos contaminados. Teores foliares de Zn superiores a 1380 mg kg-1 provocaram acentuada redu??o no crescimento e sintomas de fitotoxidez. O Pennisetum purpureum Schum. n?o se comportou como hiperacumulador de Zn e Cd, mas apresentou acumula??o de Zn e efici?ncia na remedia??o de Zn e Cd.
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Garreau, Bénédicte. "Conducteurs moléculaires dérivés de complexes métalliques à ligand dimercaptoisotrithione (dmit) : systèmes à donneur asymétrique ou à contre-cation ammonium méthylé." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30133.
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Ce memoire porte sur la synthese, les etudes structurales et les proprietes electroniques de conducteurs moleculaires derives des complexes de coordination m(dmit)#2#x# ou m=ni, pd, pt et dmit=1,3 dithia, 2-thione, 4,5-dithiolato. La premiere partie se rapporte aux complexes donneur-accepteur de formule dm(dmit)#2#y ou d est un donneur d'electrons derive du tetrathiofulvalene (ttf). La synthese et l'etude du mecanisme d'oxydation electrochimique du donneur asymetrique edt-ttf (ethylenedithio-tetrathiofulvalene) sont developpees. Ce donneur a permis la synthese par electrocristallisation de deux nouveaux complexes conducteurs: (edt-ttf)#2pd(dmit)#2#3 (1) et (dte-ttf)#2pd(dmit)#2#2 (2). Ce dernier est metallique jusqu'a 400 mk; une anomalie du comportement electrique en fonction de la temperature observee vers 35 k est correlee a une instabilite de type onde de densite de charge. Une seconde partie presente l'etude structurale et les proprietes electriques de phases monocristallines de la serie (nh#yme#4#y)#xm(dmit)#2 (y variant de 1 a 4). Le compose (nhme#3)#0#,#5ni(dmit)#2 (3) est metallique jusqu'a 100 k temperature a laquelle il subit une transition metal-isolant. La phase (nhme#3)pt(dmit)#2#3,ch#3cn (4) presente une conductivite quasi-constante de 293 k a 180 k puis devient isolante jusqu'a basse temperature (50 k). Les autres complexes etudies, (nh#2me#2)0#,#5ni(dmit)#2 et (nh#yme#4##y)#2ni(dmit)#2#5,2ch#3cn (y=1 et 3) sont semi-conducteurs. Les structures cristallines sont constituees d'empilements d'entites m(dmit)#2; un reseau d'interactions intermoleculaires s. . . S se developpe entre les empilements. Les relations entre structures cristallines, proprietes electriques et structures electroniques sont discutees pour les composes (1), (2), (3) et (4)
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Bachère, Laurence. "Propriétés électroniques de conducteurs organiques les sels..., le supraconducteur TTF [Ni(dmit)], étude par transport électrique sous champ magnétique intense /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602523w.
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VIEIRA, ângela Cristina Bueno. "Adesão do paciente portador de diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 ao tratamento Goiânia." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/762.
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Previous issue date: 2006-06-30As Doenças crônico-degenerativas são exemplos da necessidade da educação em saúde, para melhorar a adesão ao tratamento. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar a adesão do paciente portador de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 em tratamento ambulatorial. A população de estudo foi constituída de pacientes maiores de 30 anos com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 que iniciaram tratamento no ambulatório, entre 01 de janeiro de 2000 a 31 de dezembro de 2002, com amostra aleatória de 20%(134 pacientes). As variáveis estudadas foram: sexo, idade, comparecimento ao serviço, adesão ao tratamento, abandono ao serviço, renda mensal, tempo de tratamento, ocupação, escolaridade, estado civil, residência, glicemia de jejum, número de consultas, colesterol, triglicérides, hemoglobina glicada, glicemia capilar, glicemia pós prandial e ÍNDICE DE MASSA CORPÓREA. Os dados foram analisados com o uso de proporções, freqüência absoluta e aplicação do teste qui-quadrado para comparação entre os grupos.. A taxa de abandono ao serviço foi de 65%. Dos pacientes que tiveram adesão ao serviço, 70% eram do sexo feminino, com faixa etária entre 61 a 70 anos(36,4%), 39% das mulheres eram do lar e 72,7% compareceram entre 8 e 12 consultas, A maior parte manteve a glicemia de jejum,na última consulta ( 45,5% mulheres e 85,7% homens), sob controle; o Índice de Massa Corpórea manteve acima de 25kg/m2 nas mulheres(54,5%). No grupo de abandono ao serviço,, 54,8% dos homens que abandonaram o serviço exerciam atividades no mercado de trabalho. A maioria compareceu no máximo a 4 consultas. Homens apresentaram menor adesão ao serviço (p<0,05) Houve diferença significativa entre os valores de glicemia de jejum do início para a úlltima consulta nos pacientes que aderiram ao serviço. Conclui-se que o fato do paciente aderir ao serviço não significa que o mesmo aderiu ao tratamento. O paciente necessita ser motivado para melhor adesão ao tratamento. É necessário conhecer o grupo de pacientes e trabalhar os modelos de crenças em saúde associados à educação em saúde.
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Gama, André Bueno. "Podridão floral dos citros: definição do limiar de ação para controle químico e monitoramento da sensibilidade de isolados a tebuconazol e trifloxistrobina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-19102017-105445/.
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A citricultura brasileira se destaca no mercado global de citros, apresentando altos valores de produção e produtividade. Dentre as diversas doenças que afetam a cultura, a podridão floral dos citros (PFC) vem ganhando destaque com o deslocamento de áreas produtoras para regiões mais favoráveis à ocorrência desta doença. A PFC, causada por espécies dos complexos Colletotrichum acutatum e C. gloeosporioides, é especialmente problemática em anos de temperaturas amenas e alta umidade. Os citricultores realizam pulverizações preventivas para o controle da PFC todos os anos, embora condições climáticas favoráveis à doença ocorram apenas ocasionalmente. Além do impacto econômico, as frequentes pulverizações com fungicidas aumentam a pressão de seleção sobre isolados resistentes, o que pode interferir na eficiência do controle químico. A utilização de sistemas de previsão de epidemias pode evitar que pulverizações desnecessárias de fungicidas sejam realizadas caso não haja condições favoráveis à ocorrência da doença. Para o desenvolvimento destes sistemas, é imprescindível determinar um limiar de ação para a aplicação de fungicidas nos pomares. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivos: (i) estabelecer um limiar de ação para a aplicação de fungicidas com base na germinação de conídios de C. acutatum que permita o controle a doença igualmente ou de forma mais eficiente do que o sistema de pulverização adotado pelos citricultores do sudoeste paulista; (ii) caracterizar a sensibilidade de isolados dos complexos C. gloeosporioides e C. acutatum à trifloxistrobina e ao tebuconazol in vitro e molecularmente, para identificar possíveis mudanças de sensibilidade das espécies a estes fungicidas. Para a definição do limiar de ação, tratamentos baseados em índices de risco foram comparados ao tratamento testemunha e ao calendário fixo de aplicações, usualmente adotado pelos produtores. A aplicação de fungicidas quando limiar de 15% de germinação de conídios era atingido, foi eficiente em controlar a doença e reduzir o número de aplicações de fungicidas. Nos ensaios de sensibilidade a fungicidas dois métodos foram utilizados para a determinação da CE50: o da diluição em gradiente espiral para trifloxistrobina e tebuconazol e o da inibição da germinação de conídios para a trifloxistrobina. Foram utilizados isolados coletados entre 1999 e 2016. A CE50 média da coleção de isolados de acordo com o método da diluição em gradiente espiral variou de 0,158 a 0,297 μg/ml e 0,1 a 0,182 μg/ml para trifloxistrobina e tebuconazol, respectivamente. Para a trifloxistrobina, de acordo com o método da inibição da germinação, a CE50 média foi de 0,002 μg/ml. Não foram verificadas características moleculares nem valores de CE50 atrelados à mudança de sensibilidade dos isolados.Brazilian citrus industry represents a significant share in the global citrus market. Amongst several diseases that affect the crop, postbloom fruit drop (PFD) has been gaining prominence in Sao Paulo with the displacement of citrus areas to regions in which weather conditions are more favorable to the occurrence of this disease. PFD, caused by species of the complexes Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides, is especially problematic in years of mild temperatures and high humidity. Citrus growers spray the orchards preventively for PFD control every year, although favorable climatic conditions do not occur regularly. In addition to the economic impact, this practice increases the selection pressure of fungicide resistant isolates, and may decrease the efficiency of chemical control in a long term. The use of disease forecasting systems is able to prevent unnecessary fungicide sprays. For the development of such systems, it is essential to determine an action threshold for the application of fungicides in the orchards. The objectives of this work were: (i) to establish an action threshold for fungicide sprays based on the germination of C. acutatum conidia; (ii) to characterize the sensitivity of C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum isolates to trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in vitro and molecularly. Regarding the definition of the action threshold, treatments based on risk indices were compared to the control treatments and calendar based sprays, usually adopted by growers. The 15% conidia germination threshold was efficient in controlling the disease and reducing the number of fungicide applications. In the fungicide sensitivity tests, two methods were used to determine the EC50, the spiral gradient dilution for trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole, and the method of conidial germination inhibition for trifloxystrobin. Isolates collected between 1999 and 2016 were used. The mean EC50 of the isolate collection determined by the spiral gradient dilution method ranged from 0.158 to 0.297 μg/ml and from 0.1 to 0.182 μg/ml for trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole, respectively. Mean EC50 of trifloxystrobin estimated by the conidial germination inhibition method was 0.002 μg/ml. No mutations or EC50 values indicated shifts of fungicide sensitivity on the isolates.
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Bouloussa-Huynh, Hedi. "Spectroscopie Brillouin dans les couches minces, multicouches et nanostructures magnétiques : étude de l’interaction Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya." Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131025.
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Ce travail vise à étudier, expérimentalement et théoriquement, le comportement des ondes de spin dans des couches ultraminces, multicouches et nanostructures magnétiques en présence de l’interaction Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya d’interface (DMI). A cet effet, nous avons utilisé la spectroscopie Brillouin (BLS) de diffusion inélastique de la lumière comme sonde expérimentale. Cette technique s’est avérée un outil extrêmement efficace pour mesurer la DMI ; effet qui se traduit par une asymétrie des raies Stokes et anti-Stokes d’un spectre BLS d’un système magnétique mince en contact d’un métal lourd produisant un fort couplage spin-orbite (SOC, acronyme anglais). Ainsi,en présence de DMI, les fréquences de deux ondes de spin se propageant dans des directions opposées seront différentes du fait de la brisure de symétrie par inversion.Différents systèmes ont été abordés et différentes situations et paramètres ont été considérés.Sur les systèmes simples en couches ultraminces, le comportement en fonction de l’épaisseur du film magnétique ou encore l’effet du recuit ont été cernés mettant en évidence le caractère interfacial de la DMI et le rôle de la qualité structurale et chimique de l’interface ferromagnétique/métal lourd. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré que l’addition d’impuretés non magnétiques à fort SOC dans des métaux légers interfacés avec un ferromagnétique peut constituer une approche efficace pour améliorer et contrôler simultanément l’amortissement magnétique, l’anisotropie perpendiculaire ainsi que la DMI. Une corrélation entre ces paramètres issus du SOC a été démontrée.Dans les empilements de couches minces, une attention particulière a été dévolue au rôle des couplages d’échange, dipolaire et des anisotropies magnétiques sur le comportement des ondes de spin en présence de DMI. Il apparaît que la mesure quantitative de la DMI peut s’écarter nettement de celle obtenue à partir de l’expression analytique éprouvée pour les couches minces simples où la valeur de la DMI est directement proportionnelle au vecteur d’onde des ondes de spin. Un calcul complet est ainsi nécessaire pour tous les cas non-symétriques (interfaces non équivalentes, anisotropies d’interface différentes,. . . ). Les résultats théoriques présentés à cet effet représentent un outil extrêmement utile.L’étude de différents réseaux de nanolignes présentant une DMI a été l’occasion de mettre en évidence les effets de taille et de périodicité dans différentes situations. Des nanolignes complètement découplées ou en contact physique partiel sur l’épaisseur ont été abordées. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence l’absence de DMI pour des ondes de spin stationnaires selon la largeur des lignes découplées et corrélé le comportement des ondes de spin à leur longueur d’atténuation et la périodicité des réseaux, alors qu’un comportement magnonique modulé par la présence de la DMI a été observé pour les lignes couplées par l’intermédiaire d’un film ferromagnétique. Les résultats obtenus dans ce travail de thèse participent à la compréhension du comportement magnétique dynamique de systèmes en présence de DMI pouvant contribuer à l’ingénierie efficace de systèmes pour l’électronique de spin du futur ou la spin-orbitronique,notamment à base de configurations de spin chirales tels que les skyrmionsThis work aims to investigate, experimentally and theoretically, the behavior of spin waves (SW) in ultrathin layers, multilayers and magnetic nanostructures in the presence of interface Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). For this purpose, we used the Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy (BLS) as an experimental probe. This technique has proven to be an efficient tool for measuring the DMI; an effect that results in an asymmetry of the Stokes and anti-Stokes lines of a BLS spectrum for a thin ferromagnetic film in contact with a heavy metal producing a strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Thus, in the presence of DMI, the frequencies of two SW propagating in opposite directions will be different due to inversion symmetry breaking.Different systems were discussed and different situations and parameters were considered.On simple ultrathin layer systems, the behavior as a function of the thickness of themagnetic film or the effect of annealing have been identified, highlighting the interfacial nature of the DMI and the role of the structural and chemical quality of the ferromagnetic/heavy metal interface.Moreover, we have shown that the addition of non-magnetic impurities with high SOC in light metals interfaced with a ferromagnetic layer can be an effective approach to simultaneously improveand control magnetic damping, perpendicular anisotropy and DMI. A correlation between these SOC parameters has been also demonstrated. In thin film stacks, particular attention has been dedicated to the role of dipolar coupling,exchange coupling and magnetic anisotropy on the behavior of SW in the presence of DMI. It appears that the quantitative measurement of the DMI can deviate significantly from that obtained from the analytical expression known for simple thin layers where the value of the DMI is directly proportional to the wave vector of the SW. A complete calculation is thus necessary for all non-symmetrical cases (non-equivalent interfaces, different interface anisotropies, etc. . . ).The theoretical results presented for this purpose represent an extremely useful tool.The study of different nanostripes arrays in presence of DMI was the opportunity to highlight the effects of size and periodicity in different situations. Completely decoupled nanostripes or inpartial physical contact with periodic layer thickness were discussed. We have thus demonstrated the absence of DMI for stationary spin waves according to the width of the decoupled stripes and correlated the behavior of the SW with their attenuation length and the periodicity of the arrays, whereas a modulated magnetic behavior by the presence of the DMI was observed for the coupled stripes via a ferromagnetic film.The results obtained in this thesis work contribute to the understanding of the dynamic magnetic behavior of systems in the presence of DMI that can contribute to the efficient engineering of future systems for spintronics or spin-orbitronics, particularly based on configurations of chiral spin texture such as skyrmions
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Córdova, Rodrygo Torres. "SDN – DMM : redes definidas por software para gerenciamento de mobilidade distribuído em redes IP móveis heterogêneas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/23271.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2016.Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2017-03-23T21:15:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_RodrygoTorresCórdova.pdf: 5667712 bytes, checksum: b766aad91c0b58ca175333848b92de6f (MD5)
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O gerenciamento de mobilidade aplicado na arquitetura tradicional da Internet tornou-se um grande desafio devido ao crescimento exponencial do tráfego móvel e do número de dispositivos que podem se conectar à rede. Soluções baseadas em DMM – Distributed Mobility Management tem sido consideradas nos últimos anos, permitindo lidar com os desafios apresentados nas abordagens de gerenciamento centralizada, como a escalabilidade e o desempenho. Por outro lado, uma forte tendência em termos de evolução das redes de comunicação, especialmente da Internet, envolve as SDN- Software-Defined Networks, que se caracterizam pelo desacoplamento entre o plano de controle e o plano de dados da infraestrutura de rede de comunicação, sendo a função de controle da rede realizada em um ponto central responsável pela inteligência da rede (o controlador SDN) atuando somente no plano de controle, enquanto os demais ativos de rede ficam responsáveis apenas pelo encaminhamento de pacotes no plano de dados, inserindo assim flexibilidade, otimização e programabilidade da infraestrutura de rede. Propõe-se aqui uma abordagem baseada em redes definidas por software, intitulada SDN-DMM, em que se considera uma arquitetura de rede que permite não somente obter os benefícios intrínsecos ao SDN, mas também lidar de forma simplificada e eficiente com o gerenciamento de mobilidade de modo distribuído em redes de acesso heterogêneas, garantindo a continuidade de sessão IP durante o deslocamento do usuário entre as redes. Nessa proposta, o conceito de intents é utilizado para que o plano de dados da rede seja automaticamente ajustado de acordo com a mobilidade executada pelo usuário para manter ativa a comunicação, permitindo que esta seja executada de forma otimizada. A proposta SDN-DMM é comparada, com base em modelagem analítica, com duas propostas recentemente publicadas (a primeira, parcialmente distribuída e a segunda, completamente distribuída), considerando custos de sinalização, de entrega de pacote, de latência de handover e de roteamento em um cenário de integração de redes heterogêneas. Verifica-se que a proposta SDN-DMM, parcialmente distribuída, mostra-se vantajosa em relação às outras duas nos aspectos de entrega de pacote, latência de handover e roteamento, e desvantajosa sob o aspecto de sinalização quando o usuário executa um grande número de handovers em um curto período de tempo. A proposta SDN-DMM é então viabilizada em implementação em um cenário real de experimentação. Conclui-se então que o gerenciamento de mobilidade distribuído pode se beneficiar do paradigma das redes definidas por software, devido à flexibilidade inserida e à programabilidade, que tornam o gerenciamento de mobilidade mais um dos serviços que podem ser prestados pela infraestrutura de forma otimizada através das aplicações executadas no controlador SDN, capaz de realizar os ajustes necessários dos fluxos IP bidirecionais no plano de dados de modo a suportar a mobilidade do usuário.
Mobility management applied on Internet traditional architecture has become a major challenge due to the exponential growth in the mobile traffic and in the number of devices which could connect to the network. Solutions based on DMM - Distributed Mobility Management have been considered in the past few years, allowing dealing to challenges presented on centralized management approaches such as scalability and performance. On the other hand, a strong tendency in terms of evolution of communication networks, especially the Internet, involves the Software-Defined Networking (SDN), characterized by the decoupling between control plane and data plane of the Communication Networks' infrastructure, where the network control function is performed in a central point (SDN Controller) acting only at control plane, while the other networks assets are responsible only for the routing packets in the data plane, thus inserting flexibility, optimization and programmability into the network infrastructure. This work proposes an approach based on Software-Defined Networking, entitled SDN-DMM, in which it is considered a network architecture that allows not only to obtain the intrinsic benefits of SDN but also to deal in a simplified and efficient way with distributed mobility management in heterogeneous access networks, guaranteeing mainly the continuity of IP Session during the user's displacement between networks. The concept of intents is used so that the network data plane is automatically adjusted according to the mobility performed by the user to keep the communication active, allowing it to be optimally executed. SDN-DMM proposal is compared with partially and fully distributed proposals, considering signaling, packet delivery, handover latency and routing costs in an integrated heterogeneous network scenario. Partially distributed SDN-DMM proposal is considered advantageous in relation to the other two in aspects such as packet delivery, handover latency and routing, and it is disadvantageous in the aspect of signaling when the user executes a large number of handovers in a short period of time. The SDN-DMM proposal is then implemented in a real experimentation scenario, using equipament of the telecommunications market. This work concludes that distributed mobility management can benefit itself from the Software-Defined Networking paradigm due to the introduced flexibility and to the programmability in a optimized way throught the applications running on the SDN Controller, able to accomplish the necessary adjustments of bidirectional IP flows in the Data Plane in order to support the user mobility.
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Kerangueven, Gwénaëlle. "Compréhension du mécanisme d'oxydation électrochimique du diméthoxyméthane (DMM) en vue de son application en pile combustible." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2284.
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L’électrooxydation du DMM a été étudiée sur des électrodes de platine polycristallin, monocristallin et des électrodes nanostructurées à base de platine. Des expériences de spectroscopie IR de réflexion in situ ont été menées afin d’identifier les espèces adsorbées intermédiaires et les produits de réaction de l’adsorption et de l’oxydation du DMM à différents potentiels. Durant l’électrooxydation du DMM à faible vitesse de variation de potentiel ou à forte concentration de DMM, l’électrode est partiellement désactivée. Ce phénomène est expliqué par un mécanisme multi chemin dans lequel interviennent en parallèle l’électrooxydation du méthanol et celle du formaldéhyde. L’étude sur des monocristaux de platine a montré que l’électrooxydation du DMM est fortement sensible à la structure. La formation de COads est cinétiquement favorisée sur les plans (100) et (110). Les terrasses et marches des monocristaux jouent un rôle important lors de l’électrooxydation du DMM. De façon générale, la formation de COads sur des électrodes de terrasse (111) proviendrait davantage des marches d’orientation (100), alors que sur les électrodes de terrasses (100), la formation de CO se fait à la fois sur les terrasses et sur les marches. Une étude sur des nanoparticules à base de platine synthétisées par voie colloïdale, indique que les électrocatalyseurs PtRu(80-20) et PtRuMo(80-15-5) chargés à 40% en métal sont les plus actifs vis-à-vis de l’électrooxydation du DMM. L’augmentation de la température et 1 M de DMM améliorent de façon générale les performances en pile à combustible. Les tests en pile sur le catalyseur PtRu(80-20), indiquent une tension en circuit ouvert de 0,57 V et une puissance de 35 mW cm-2 à 90°C ; sur un catalyseur PtRuMo(80-15-5) la puissance est de 29 mW cm-2 et la tension en circuit ouvert est de 0,75 V à 110°CThe DMM electrooxydation has been studied on polycrystalline and single crystals platinum and carbon-supported Pt-based nanosized electrocatalysts. FTIR in situ experiments have been led in the goal to identify adsorbed species and reaction products of DMM adsorption and oxidation at different potentials. At low sweep rate and high DMM concentration the DMM electrooxidation is partially deactivated. This phenomenon is explained by a multi path mechanism where electrooxidations of methanol and formaldehyde interfere. A study on platinum single crystals has shown DMM electrooxidation is strongly structure-sensitive. COads formation is kinetically favoured on Pt(100) and Pt(110). Terraces and steps of single crystals play an important role on the electrooxidation of DMM. In a general way, COads formation on (111) terraces comes from (100) steps, whereas on (100) terraces COads forms both on terraces and steps. A study of DMM electrooxydation on nanoparticles made by colloidal synthesis, indicates that PtRu(80-20) and PtRuMo(80-15-5) with 40% metal loading have the best activity. The increase of temperature and 1 M DMM concentration improve in a general way the fuel cell performances. Fuel cell tests on PtRu(80-20) show a power density of 35 mW cm-2, an OCV of 0. 57 V at 90°C, while on PtRuMo(80-15-5) : 29 mW cm-2 and 0. 75 V (OCV) at 110°C are obtained
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Figueira, Paulo da Silva. "Diagnóstico das propriedades de consistência temporal em DMI`s: uma abordagem baseada na TDF RT-LOTOS." Master's thesis, Universidade da Madeira, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/138.
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Galv?o, Alcione Olinto. "Adsor??o de ?ons de c?dmio a partir da Hidroxiapatita e do Biovidro dispersos na Blenda Polim?rica (PVA/Amido)." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA MEC?NICA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23505.
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A remo??o de metais t?xicos das ?guas residuais ? de grande interesse no estudo da polui??o da ?gua. Entre os v?rios metais conhecidos por serem altamente t?xico destaca-se o c?dmio, que ? considerado como uma das subst?ncias mais perigosas podendo causar s?rios danos aos rins e ossos. O processo de adsor??o vem sendo utilizado como um m?todo eficaz para a remo??o de ?ons met?licos. Uma alternativa para utiliza??o de adsorventes em forma de p? ? sua utiliza??o em conjunto com outros materiais. Com esse intuito, o presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver blendas polim?ricas (PVA/Amido), tendo a hidroxiapatita (HAP) e o biovidro (BV) dispersos no meio para a remo??o dos ?ons de c?dmio. Realizou-se, inicialmente, a caracteriza??o dos p?s e das blendas polim?ricas por diferentes t?cnicas: An?lise Termogravim?trica (TGA), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Difra??o de Raios X (DRX), Espectrometria de fluoresc?ncia de raios-X (FRX), Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV), Microscopia de For?a At?mica (AFM), Determina??o do Potencial Zeta. Foram realizados os ensaios de adsor??o a fim de estudar a cin?tica e o equil?brio na adsor??o dos ?ons met?licos, bem como um planejamento fatorial atrav?s do software Design Expert. As an?lises de caracteriza??o mostram que os materiais adsorventes s?o adequados para utiliza??o na remo??o de metais pesados. Os dados cin?ticos mostraram melhor correla??o com a equa??o de velocidade de pseudo-segunda ordem e os pontos experimentais se ajustaram ao modelo da isot?rmica de Freundlich. O planejamento experimental apresentou um coeficiente de determina??o (R?) de 0,9826 e 0,9991 para as blendas polim?ricas PVA/Amido/HAP e PVA/Amido/BV, respectivamente, com um n?vel de confian?a de 95%. Com isso, a adsor??o do c?dmio pelas blendas polim?ricas com HAP e BV em solu??o aquosa mostraram-se eficientes, tornando o processo vi?vel para a remo??o de metais pesados.
The removal of toxic metals from wastewater is of great interest in the study of water pollution. Among the various metals known to be highly toxic is cadmium, which is considered one of the most dangerous substances and can cause serious damage to the kidneys and bones. The adsorption process has been used as an effective method for the removal of metallic ions. An alternative to the use of adsorbents in powder form is their use in conjunction with other materials. The aim of the present study was to develop polymer blends (PVA/Starch), with hydroxyapatite (HAP) and bioglass (BV) dispersed in the medium for the removal of cadmium ions. The characterization of the powders and the polymer blends was carried out by different techniques: Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry FRX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Determination of Zeta Potential. The adsorption tests were carried out in order to study the kinetics and the equilibrium in the adsorption of the metallic ions, as well as a factorial planning through the software Design Expert. Characterization analyzes show that the adsorbent materials are suitable for use in the removal of heavy metals. The kinetic data showed better correlation with the pseudo-second order velocity equation and the experimental points conformed to the Freundlich isothermal model. The experimental design presented a coefficient of determination (R?) of 0.9826 and 0.9999 for the polymer blends PVA/Starch/HAP and PVA/Starch/BV, respectively, with a confidence level of 95%. Thus, the adsorption of the cadmium by the polymer blends with HAP and BV in aqueous solution proved to be efficient, making the process viable for the removal of heavy metals.
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Alves, Igor Santos. "Disponibilidade e n?vel cr?tico de c?dmio, chumbo e n?quel em solos contaminados e em plantas de milho." UFVJM, 2016. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1320.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
A import?ncia da exist?ncia de m?todos adequados de quantifica??o de metais pesados, para a avalia??o dos teores nos solos deve ter melhor correla??o com o absorvido pelas plantas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a disponibilidade e taxa transfer?ncia de Cd, Pb e Ni em solos contaminados; avaliar a efici?ncia dos extratores Mehlich-1, DTPA pH 7,3, Mehlich-3 e ?gua r?gia e; a correla??o entre os teores de Cd, Pb e Ni extra?dos pelos extratores e os teores na planta de milho. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegeta??o em Diamantina MG. Os experimentos foram realizados no delineamento inteiramente casualizado no esquema fatorial 4 x 3, sendo quatro n?veis de cada metal: Cd 0, 2, 4 e 12 mg kg-1, Pb 0, 45, 90 e 270 mg kg-1 e Ni 0, 20, 40, 120 mg kg-1 e tr?s tipos de solos que foram classificados como Neossolo Quartzar?nico ?rtico t?pico (NQ), Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distr?fico (LVAd) e Latossolo Vermelho distr?fico (LVd) com tr?s repeti??es. O milho foi utilizado como planta indicadora. Determinaram-se a massa seca e os teores de Cd, Pb e Ni na parte a?rea e ra?zes das plantas de milho. Para aferi??o do teor de Cd, Pb e Ni no solo foram utilizados os extratores Mehlich 1, DTPA pH 7,3, Mehlich-3 e ?gua r?gia. Nos tr?s experimentos, houve maior disponibilidade dos metais no NQ em rela??o aos latossolos (LVAd e LVd), sendo o NQ onde houve maior concentra??o nas partes das plantas de milho. No experimento de Cd e Ni, nos tr?s solos, a parte a?rea apresentou maior crescimento relativo que as ra?zes. J? no experimento de Pb, devido a menor mobilidade deste metal na planta em compara??o ao Cd e Ni, houve maior concentra??o de Pb nas ra?zes que na parte a?rea. Os maiores teores tanto de Cd, quanto Pb e Ni na parte a?rea e ra?zes ocorreram no NQ, sendo o solo onde ocorreu maior transloca??o dos tr?s metais para a parte a?rea. Nos tr?s experimentos, os extratores utilizados tiveram boa correla??o com os teores absorvidos pelas plantas e as extra??es por DTPA pH 7,3 apresentaram melhor correla??o com os teores de Cd e Pb tanto nas ra?zes quanto na parte a?rea. Com rela??o ao Ni, os extratores Mehlich-1 e ?gua r?gia foram os que apresentaram maior correla??o com os teores absorvidos pelas plantas. Os metais pesados Cd, Ni e Pb apresentam maior mobilidade em solos com baixo teor de argila, podendo ser mais facilmente absorvido pelas plantas. O crescimento das plantas pode influenciar a toxidez por metais, de modo que, quanto maior o crescimento menor o efeito t?xico do metal, como verificado nos tr?s experimentos.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016.
The importance of the existence of adequate methods of quantification of heavy metals for the evaluation of soil concentrations should have a better correlation with that absorbed by the plants. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the Cd, Pb and Ni availability and transfer rate in contaminated soils, to evaluate the efficiency of the extractors Mehlich-1, DTPA pH 7.3, Mehlich-3 and, aqua regia and, the correlation between the Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations extracted by the extractors and the concentrations in the corn plant. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in Diamantina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design in the 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with four rates of each metal: Cd 0, 2, 4 and 12 mg kg-1, Pb 0, 45, 90 and 270 mg kg-1 and Ni 0, 20, 40, 120 mg kg-1, and three soil types that were classified as Typic Quartzipsamment (TQ), Xantic Hapludox (XH) and Rhodic Hapludox (RH) with three replicates. Corn was used as the indicator plant. The dry mass and the Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations were determined in the shoot and roots of corn plants. The Mehlich 1, DTPA pH 7.3, Mehlich-3 and aqua regia extractors were used to measure the Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations in the soil. In three experiments, a greater availability of metals in TQ regarding latosols (XH and RH), the TQ where there was a higher concentration in parts of corn plants. In the experiment of Cd and Ni in the three soils, the shoots had higher relative growth than the roots. In the Pb experiment, due to the lower mobility of this metal in the plant compared to Cd and Ni, a higher Pb concentration in roots than in shoots. The highest concentrations both of Cd, Pb and Ni as in shoots and roots occurred in TQ, and the soil where higher translocation of the three metals to shoots. In three experiments, the extractors used correlated well with the concentrations absorbed by plants and extractions by DTPA pH 7.3 showed better correlation with Cd and Pb concentration in the roots and shoots. With respect to Ni, the Mehlich-1 extractor and aqua regia showed the highest correlation with the concentrations absorbed by plants. Heavy metals Cd, Ni and Pb have greater mobility in soils with low clay content, and can be more easily absorbed by plants. Plant growth can influence the toxicity of heavy metals, so that the higher the lower the toxic effect growth of the metal, as seen in the three experiments.
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Kronfeld, Thomas, and Guido Brunnett. "Simulation komplexer Arbeitsabläufe im Bereich der digitalen Fabrik." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-223856.
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Digitale Menschmodelle (DMM) werden aktuell in Unternehmen vorwiegend zur ergonomischen Planung und Überprüfung der Ausführbarkeit und Erträglichkeit von Arbeitsprozessen eingesetzt. Im Rahmen der Nachwuchsforschergruppe „The Smart Virtual Worker“, welche im Interdisziplinären Kompetenzzentrum Virtual Humans der TU Chemnitz angesiedelt ist, entstand ein Framework zur Simulation komplexer Arbeitsabläufe im Kontext der virtuellen Fabrik. Ziel war die Entwicklung eines digitalen Menschmodells für den Einsatz in klein- und mittelständischen Unternehmen. Hierbei standen die autonome Steuerung, eine realistische Animation sowie die Einbeziehung physischer und psychischer Faktoren in die ergonomische Bewertung eines Arbeitsablaufes im Mittelpunkt. Darauf aufbauend wurde eine haptische Nutzerschnittstelle zur interaktiven Fabrik- und Aufgabenplanung entwickelt. Neben der Positionierung von statischen Objekten ist mit diesem Interface auch die Integration und Anpassung von Arbeitsaufgaben möglich.
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Silveira, Marcos Corrêa. "VARIABILIDADE NA PRODUÇÃO PRIMÁRIA LÍQUIDA EM MODELOS DE SUPERFÍCIE PARA SÍTIOS SUL-AMERICANOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10273.
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Programa de Apoio aos Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades FederaisThis study analyzes simulations of Net Primary Production (NPP) from 15 different landsurface models (LSMs) and biomass pools from 6 different LSMs using meteorological conditions measured at 8 sites from Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) project as drivers. The models were not calibrated for the sites. The sites are divided into four biome types: Evergreen Broadleaf Forests (4 sites); Deciduous Broadleaf Forest (1 site); Savanna (1 site); Pasture/Agriculture (2 sites). The mean daily cycles, monthly and annual means of NPP were intercompared and evaluated. There were considerable differences among the NPP simulations, and some of these differences reached up to two orders of magnitude in nocturnal values. Seasonality in dry periods of the NPP could be observed in some models for all biome types. The annual mean NPP simulations from two Evergreen Broadleaf Forests (K34 and K67 sites) were compared with the observations. In general, the simulations by most models do not represent very well the observations; however, the mean value from all simulations is able to represent the observed data. In general, models that represented the Dynamic Vegetation Carbon Fluxes and Nitrogen Cycling Models (DVN) were those that better represented the observed values, suggesting that a more specific description of the vegetation dynamics capture, even without calibration, the carbon exchanges with enough accuracy. The simulated biomass is also divergent between the models, although the distribution of that biomass follows the expected patterns for each biome type. Therefore, we believe that a model calibration can improve the simulations results.
Este estudo analisa simulações de Produção Primária Líquida (NPP) de 15 diferentes modelos de superfície (LSMs) e reservatórios de biomassa de 6 diferentes LSMs usando condições meteorológicas medidas em 8 sítios do projeto Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazônia (LBA) como forçantes. Os modelos não foram calibrados para os sítios. Os sítios foram divididos em quatro tipos de biomas: Florestas de Folhas Largas Sempre-Verdes (4 sítios); Florestas de Folhas Largas Decídua (1 sítio); Savana (cerrado, 1 sítio); Pasto/Agricultura (2 sítios). Os ciclos de NPP médios diários, mensais e anuais foram intercomparados e avaliados. Existem diferenças consideráveis entre as simulações de NPP, e algumas destas diferenças alcançaram até duas ordens de magnitude em valores noturnos. Pôde ser observada sazonalidade de NPP em alguns modelos para todos os tipos de bioma. O NPP médio anual simulado em duas Florestas Sempre-Verdes (sítios K34 e K67) foi comparado com as observações. Em geral, as simulações da maior parte dos modelos não representam muito bem as observações; entretanto, o valor médio de todas as simulações consegue representar os dados observados. Em geral, modelos que representam a vegetação dinâmica, fluxos de carbono e ciclo do nitrogênio (DVN) foram aqueles que melhor representaram os valores observados, sugerindo que uma descrição mais específica da dinâmica da vegetação pode capturar, mesmo sem calibração, as trocas de carbono com suficiente precisão. A biomassa simulada é também divergente entre os modelos, embora a distribuição dessa biomassa segue os padrões esperados para cada tipo de bioma. Logo, acreditamos que uma calibração do modelo pode melhorar os resultados das simulações.
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Peña, Llerena Yarisley. "Arquitetura de rede com suporte à mobilidade de fluxo IP e ao gerenciamento de Mobilidade Distribuído (DMM)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/21075.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2016.Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2016-06-07T14:13:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_YarisleyPenaLlerena.pdf: 7014872 bytes, checksum: fb3810312bb70b7b342d39d8370a24f0 (MD5)
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Nos últimos anos o desenvolvimento de aplicações e novos dispositivos móveis tem trazido um aumento no tráfego de dados nas redes celulares. Para resolver esta problemática o escoamento é apresentado como uma solução viável, com o fim de controlar a sobrecarga das redes e oferecer melhor qualidade dos serviços. Algumas arquiteturas tem sido propostas para fazer escoamento de tráfego, suportando mobilidade de fluxo. Por outro lado, diversos protocolos para gerenciamento de mobilidade têm sido propostos, sendo os principais os protocolos MIP (Mobile IP) [1-2] (que é baseado no host) e PMIPv6 (Proxy MIP) [3] (que é baseado na rede). Ditos protocolos são centralizados, onde todo o tráfego de dados atravessa a mesma entidade de rede, a qual também é encarregada do controle de mobilidade. Esta característica leva a problemas como: ter um ponto único de falha, escalabilidade e confiabilidade. Com o propósito de resolver esses problemas, surgiu o gerenciamento distribuído de mobilidade (DMM, do inglês Distributed Mobility Management) [4], tendendo a se mostrar uma melhor alternativa, considerando os problemas em questão. Nesta dissertação propomos uma arquitetura para suporte à mobilidade de fluxos IP e ao gerenciamento distribuído de mobilidade, SIFDMM (Seamless IP Flow and Distributed Mobility Management), que se caracteriza por: i) é baseada no protocolo PMIPv6, e portanto, baseada na rede; ii) o gerenciamento de mobilidade é totalmente distribuído; iii) é assistida pelo terminal móvel, que atua provendo informações de localização relativas a roteadores de acesso recentemente visitados; iv) integra funcionalidades de gerenciamento de mobilidade e de escoamento de tráfego de dados em uma entidade da rede; v) o escoamento é feito na camada de rede movimentando fluxos IP. Uma comparação entre a arquitetura proposta e duas outras arquiteturas (centralizada e parcialmente distribuída) é feita, por meio de modelagem analítica e simulação, sendo mostrada redução da latência de escoamento de fluxo (seletivo ou total), em relação a soluções centralizadas ou parcialmente distribuídas baseadas em PMIPv6. Os resultados mostraram também, que a arquitetura proposta apresenta um bom desempenho na transmissão de vídeo streaming. _____________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
In the recent years, the development of new applications and mobile devices, has brought an increase in data traffic on mobile networks. To solve this problem, the offloading is presented as a viable solution in order to control the overload of the network and offer better quality of services. Some architectures have been proposed to make flow traffic, supporting flow mobility. On the other hand, several protocols for mobility management as MIP (Mobile IP) [1-2] (which is host-based) and PMIPv6 (Proxy MIP) [3] (which is network based) have been proposed. Said protocols are centralized, where all the data traffic goes through the same network entity, which is also in charge of mobility control. This feature leads to problems such as having a single point of failure, scalability and reliability. In order to solve these problems, came the distributed mobility management (DMM) [4], tending to show a better alternative, considering the problems relative to centralized proposals. In this dissertation we propose an architecture, SIFDMM (Seamless IP Flow and Distributed Mobility Management), to support distributed mobility management and IP flows mobility. The architecture is characterized by: i) is based on PMIPv6 protocol, and therefore, based on the network; ii) the mobility management is fully distributed; iii) it is assisted by the mobile terminal that supplies location information related to recently visited access routers; iv) integrates features of mobility management and data offloading on a network entity; v) the offloading is done at the network layer moving the IP flows. A comparison of the proposed architecture and two other architectures (centralized and partially distributed) is performed through analytical modeling and simulation. It is displayed a reduce in the flow handover latency (selective or total) in the proposed architecture in relation to the partially and centralized ones. The result also showed that the proposed architecture has good performance in video streaming transmission.
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Schuh, Alexandra Janine. "Valida??o de um m?todo anal?tico para a determina??o de chumbo, c?dmio e merc?rio em pilhas alcalinas." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6211.
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People have rampantly consumed batteries, thereby obtaining mobile, low cost and highly durable energy. However, many consumers do not recognize that these batteries may contain high level of heavy metals in their composition and so discard them inappropriately with their household trash daily. In order to minimize the problems caused by batteries to the environment, legislations have been created throughout the world. In Brazil, Resolution CONAMA 401 of 2008 established the maximum levels of toxic metals in batteries. This thesis was developed with the objective of verifying the levels of cadmium, lead and mercury in order to validate an analytical method for the determination of theses toxic metals in alkaline batteries. 193 samples of alkaline batteries collected from the Brazilian market between 2010 and 2011 were evaluated; none of the evaluated samples had cadmium levels above the allowed maximum (0.002%). However, 10 samples were found to have levels of mercury that exceeded the allowed maximum of 0.0005% and 8 of the analyzed batteries had levels of lead that were higher than the allowed (0.1%). The results obtained show a high percentage of failure (9.3%) of the samples analyzed, which indicates the necessity of controlling the use of toxic metals.
A popula??o tem consumido desenfreadamente pilhas e baterias, obtendo assim energia m?vel de baixo custo e alta durabilidade. Muitas vezes n?o tendo o conhecimento de que estas pilhas e baterias possuem metais t?xicos em sua constitui??o, o descarte ? feito de forma inadequada, milhares de pilhas sendo descartadas em lixo comum diariamente. Para minimizar os problemas causados pelas pilhas ao meio ambiente, legisla??es foram criadas em diversas partes do mundo. No Brasil a Resolu??o CONAMA 401 de 2008 estabelece os limites m?ximos de metais t?xicos em pilhas e baterias. Com o objetivo de verificar os n?veis de c?dmio, chumbo e merc?rio, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido para validar um m?todo anal?tico para a determina??o destes elementos t?xicos presentes em pilhas alcalinas. Foram avaliadas 193 amostras coletadas no mercado brasileiro nos anos de 2010 e 2011. Nenhuma das amostras possu?a quantidade de c?dmio acima do estipulado (0,002%). Por?m dez e oito amostras apresentaram concentra??o de Hg (0,0005%) e Pb (0,1%) excedendo o limite ambiental, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos indicaram percentual de reprova??o elevado (9,30%) para as pilhas alcalinas ensaiadas, indicando a necessidade do controle desses metais.
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Kovač, Kristina [Verfasser], and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Brehm. "Functional characterisation of cancer-associated mutations in the chromatin remodeler CHD4/dMi-2 / Kristina Kovač ; Betreuer: Alexander, Brehm." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161876197/34.
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Sartorelli, Isabel Cristina. "Análise do padrão decisório do auditor brasileiro com uso da metodologia Q e do DMI (Decision Making Inventory)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-26052015-115217/.
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Esta tese analisa o padrão decisório do auditor brasileiro (a partir do enfoque da Teoria do Processo Dual em sua versão modificada pela Regret Theory, aqui denominada TPD-m), já que o padrão decisório pode informar a maneira pela qual o auditor exerce seu julgamento. Considerando que auditor e norma precisam estar alinhados, e considerando a adoção de normas baseadas em princípios (IFRS), o objetivo foi aprofundar os estudos de Jamal e Tan (2010), verificando se os tipos de auditores por eles identificados (orientados a princípios, a regras e a clientes) poderiam ser observados empiricamente na amostra delimitada (29 sócios e 35 gerentes de auditoria de firmas Large Six localizadas no Brasil), e se tal tipologia encontraria suporte na literatura que define as características principais desses tipos de auditores. As quatro hipóteses de pesquisa versaram sobre: a ausência de predominância de um único padrão decisório; a associação entre os padrões identificados pelo DMI (se analítico, intuitivo ou emocional) e os tipos de auditores; a homogeneidade na determinação do que seria considerado como mais importante numa auditoria em arrendamento mercantil; a existência de associação entre os agrupamentos identificados pela Metodologia Q e as características condizentes com os tipos de auditores identificados por Jamal e Tan (2010). A primeira hipótese foi verificada com o Teste DMI, e a conclusão indica que o perfil preponderante dos auditores é analítico (explicado pelo processo de accountability vivenciado pelos profissionais), o que fornece sustentação necessária para afirmar que as decisões tomadas por auditores são deliberadas e cuidadosamente analisadas (quando estes têm tempo disponível para análise). Em função do resultado da primeira hipótese, não foi possível verificar a segunda hipótese (não havia indivíduos de padrão intuitivo e emocional suficientes para estabelecer a associação desejada). A terceira hipótese foi verificada pelo exercício de arrendamento baseado na Metodologia Q; os resultados indicam que não há homogeneidade na determinação do que seria considerado mais importante dentre os participantes (nessa análise, fica clara a subdivisão dos participantes analíticos em dois grupos: o primeiro privilegia a análise dos contratos de arrendamento, e o segundo, a definição do valor justo). A quarta hipótese foi verificada analisando-se as palavras mais repetidas observadas nas transcrições das entrevistas, cujo resultado indica que pode haver correspondência entre os agrupamentos da Metodologia Q e os tipos de auditores orientados a princípios e a regras (não foi possível concluir sobre a existência de auditores orientados a clientes). Sobre os métodos empregados: o resultado do exercício de arrendamento corrobora o Teste DMI, já que em todo o grupo de participantes analíticos foi identificada a escolha de atitudes de cunho analítico (de conteúdo mais literal, mais objetivo); a Metodologia Q mostrou-se eficiente na análise da aplicação da norma contábil pelos participantes. Sobre a contribuição teórica, a abordagem da TPD-m ajuda a explicar as evidências empíricas coletadas; além disso, a discussão envolvendo conjuntamente agente e norma contábil, além da conceituação e utilidade de regras e princípios contábeis no processo de julgamento e tomada de decisão contribuem para a consolidação de pesquisas na área.This doctoral dissertation analyzes the decision making style of the Brazilian auditor (from the point of view of the Dual Process Theory in its version modified by Regret Theory, here called TPD-m), since the decision-making pattern yield information about the way in which the auditor make judgments. Considering that auditor and accounting standard must be aligned, and considering the adoption of principle-based standards (IFRS), the objective was to deepen the studies of Jamal and Tan (2010), trying to identify whether the types of auditors identified by them (oriented by principles, by rules and by clients) could be empirically observed in the defined sample (29 partners and 35 managers of Large Six Brazilian audit firms), and whether it could find support in the literature that defines the main features of these types of auditors. The four research hypothesis were about: the lack of predominance of a single decision-making standard; the association between the patterns identified by DMI (if analytical, intuitive or emotional) and the types of auditors; homogeneity in determining what would be considered more important an audit in leasing; the existence of an association between the clusters identified by the Q Methodology and characteristics consistent with the types of auditors identified by Jamal and Tan (2010). The first hypothesis was verified with DMI Test; findings indicates that the predominant profile of auditors is analytical (explained by the accountability process experienced by professionals), which provides necessary support to affirm that the decisions taken by auditors are deliberate and carefully analyzed (if they have time available for analysis). With this result, it was not possible to verify the second hypothesis (there was no sufficient intuitive and emotional individuals to establish the desired association). The third hypothesis was verified by a lease exercise based on the Methodology Q; findings indicates no uniformity in determining what would be considered most important among the participants (in this analysis, it is clear the subdivision of analytical participants into two groups: the first focuses on the lease agreements, and the second on fair value\'s definition). The fourth hypothesis was verified by analyzing the most repeated words observed in the transcripts of the interviews, and the result indicates that there may be correspondence between the clusters of Q Methodology and types of auditors oriented by principles and by rules (it was not possible to conclude on the existence auditors oriented by clients). About the methods employed: the result of the lease exercise corroborates the DMI Test, as in the whole group of participants was identified analytical choosing an analytical attitudes (more literal content, more objective); Q methodology seems to be efficient in the analysis of the application of the accounting standard by the participants. About theoretical contribution: the approach of TPD-m helps to explain the empirical evidence collected; furthermore, the discussion involving jointly agent and accounting standards, the concept and utility of accounting principles and rules in the judgment and decision making process contributes to the consolidation of research in this area.
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Mantashe, Lunga Xolisa. "Understanding change and implications of divisional management model (DMM ) in a merged multi- campus University in South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6103.
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The study sought to understand change and transition in a multi-merged campus university in South Africa. Specifically the objectives were to understand the Human Resource (HR) plan, how it is being rolled out, the reactions of workers to it, the effects of the plan on workers and the processes put in place to mitigate, rather than aggravate, the current and foreseeable consequences of the Human Resource plan. A qualitative case study was used and focus groups and semi-structured interviews (triangulated with observation and document analysis) were used on a purposive sample of unions and the university HR official in one campus. The researcher found that there is no organogram which acts as a framework wherein all workers in respective campuses shall fit in. additionally, there is no staff transition plan and harmonisation of conditions of service policy that is agreed upon. Though it seemed there were some mechanisms to attenuate the effects of the HR plan (possible retrenchments, loss of morale, uncertainty, stress, doubt and the like) such as voluntary service package, there were areas of concern about the lack of a properly and widely circulated plan, and the absence of plans to transition staff throughout the process of change. Consequently, the researcher recommended at the end of the study that there must be a change management leadership in each campus to drive transition, a creation of proper communication networks, institution of campus indabas, a design of a transition plan, harmonisation approaches, migration of institutional items to an institutional site and the facilitation of recognition agreements for those unions which are still recognise in the premerger manner.
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Rival, Pauline. "Coordination entre l'épiderme et le cortex dans l'établissement des endosymbioses racinaires chez Medicago truncatula : rôle du gène DMI3 codant une protéine calcium et calmoduline dépendante." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1966/.
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Depuis qu'elles ont conquis la surface de la terre, les plantes ont développé de nombreuses stratégies pour faire face aux carences en eau et en nutriments essentiels de leur environnement. L'une des plus fascinantes est sans doute la mise en place d'endosymbioses racinaires avec des microorganismes du sol. Ainsi les champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules (AM), qu'on trouve associés avec 80% des espèces végétales terrestres, permettent aux plantes d'utiliser plus efficacement les ressources du sol en phosphate et en eau. Les bactéries du sol fixatrices d'azote regroupées sous le terme de rhizobia sont, quant à elles, capables de s'associer aux plantes de la famille des légumineuses et d'induire la formation, sur les racines de leurs hôtes, d'organes spécialisés, les nodules. Dans ces nodules, elles convertissent l'azote moléculaire en ammoniac au profit de la plante, et reçoivent en retour des hydrates de carbone. La légumineuse modèle Medicago truncatula est capable d'interagir à la fois avec les champignons AM et avec la bactérie fixatrice d'azote Sinorhizobium meliloti. Cette interaction avec S. Meliloti débute par un échange de signaux entre les deux partenaires où les molécules symbiotiques clefs sont des lipo-chito-oligosaccharides d'origine bactérienne appelées facteurs Nod (FN). La reconnaissance par la plante des FN déclenche une cascade de signalisation dans les cellules racinaires qui implique plusieurs gènes, dont certains sont également nécessaires à l'établissement de la symbiose AM. Parmi ces gènes communs, DMI3 code une protéine kinase calcium et calmoduline dépendante (CCaMK). Cette CCaMk possède une structure présentant une double sensibilité au calcium et pourrait donc avoir pour rôle de décoder les signatures calciques associées à la mise en place des symbioses rhizobienne et mycorhizienne. Alors que l'infection rhizobienne débute dans l'épiderme racinaire, les divisions cellulaires à l'origine de l'organogénèse nodulaire ont lieu à plusieurs assises cellulaires de distance, au niveau du cortex interne de la racine. Les mécanismes qui régissent la coordination entre ces deux processus ne sont pas connus. Notre travail avait pour objectif d'analyser le rôle du gène DMI3 dans l'épiderme et le cortex racinaires au cours de l''infection (rhizobienne et mycorhizienne) et de l'organogenèse du nodule, ainsi que son implication dans la coordination entre ces deux processus. Nous avons d'abord analysé le profil d'expression de DMI3 dans les racines et les nodules au moyen d'une fusion transcriptionnelle pDMI3::GUS. Nous avons ensuite effectué des expériences de complémentation d'un mutant dmi3 avec le gène DMI3 sous le contrôle de promoteurs tissus spécifiques, afin de restreindre son expression soit à l'épiderme soit au cortex. Par cette approche, nous avons montré que l'expression épidermique de DMI3 restaure la formation de cordons d'infection dans les poils absorbants, mais ceux-ci restent bloqués à la base de la cellule épidermique et ne progressent pas dans la cellule corticale où DMI3 n'est pas exprimé. De même lors de l'inoculation par le champignon mycorhizien Rhizophagus irregularis, les hyphes pénètrent dans les cellules épidermiques mais y restent bloqués. Ces résultats suggèrent que les infections mycorhizienne et rhizobienne sont contrôlées par DMI3 de manière cellule autonome. En ce qui concerne l'organogenèse du nodule, celle-ci n'est pas observée lorsque l'expression de DMI3 est restreinte soit à l'épiderme, soit au cortex, mais est restaurée lorsque DMI3 est exprimé dans les deux tissus. A partir de ces résultats, nous proposons un modèle dans lequel DMI3 serait impliqué dans la production d'un signal mobile dans l'épiderme, dont le rôle serait d'activer DMI3 dans le cortex pour déclencher l'organogenèse nodulaireSince their arrival on terrestrial landscapes, plants have evolved many strategies to escape water and nutrient deficiency. One of the more fascinating ways is the establishment of root endosymbioses with soil microorganisms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form symbiotic associations with 80% of terrestrial plants, which facilitate plant's phosphate and water nutrition. Soil bacteria collectively called rhizobia can form a nitrogen fixing symbiosis with legume plants and lead to the development of a specialized root organ, the nodule, in which they convert molecular dinitrogen into ammonia to the benefit of the plant, and receive carbohydrates in exchange. The model legume Medicago truncatula can interact both with AM fungi and with the nitrogen fixing bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti. A signal exchange between the two partners is the starting point of the rhizobial interaction where key symbiotic molecules are bacterial lipo chitooligosaccharides called Nod Factor (NFs). The recognition by the plant of NFs triggers a signalling cascade in the root cells which involves several genes, some of which being also required for the establishment of the AM symbiosis. Among them DMI3 encodes a calcium and calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CCaMK). Since the CCaMK can bind calcium directly through EF-hands or via calmodulin (CaM), it is thought to decipher the calcium signatures triggered very early during the rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiotic associations. Interestingly, while rhizobial infection is initiated at root epidermis, cell divisions which will lead to nodule primordium formation occur simultaneously in the cortex, several cell layers away from the infection site. How these two processes are coordinated remains poorly understood. The objective of our work was to analyse the role of DMI3 in the root epidermis and cortex during the infection (by rhizobia or AM fungi) and the nodule organogenesis, and its involvement in the coordination of these two processes. We first analysed the expression profile of DMI3 in roots and nodules using a pDMI3::GUS transcriptional fusion. We then performed complementation experiments of a dmi3 mutant with the DMI3 gene under the control of tissue-specific promoters, to restrict the expression of DMI3 either to the epidermis or to the cortex. By this approach, we showed that the epidermal expression of DMI3 allowed the initiation of infection threads which developed normally but aborted when they reached the apposed cortical cell where DMI3 was not expressed. Similarly, upon inoculation with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis, the hyphae penetrate in the epidermis but remain blocked in the epidermal infected cell. These results suggest that both rhizobial and mycorrhizal infection are controlled by DMI3 in a cell autonomous way. Nodule organogenesis was not observed when DMI3 expression was restricted either to the epidermis or to the cortex, but was restored when DMI3 was expressed in both tissues. From these results, we propose a model in which DMI3 is involved in the production of a mobile signal in the epidermis, whose role would be to activate DMI3 in the cortex to trigger early nodule organogenesis
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TAURINO, ROBERTO. "ENERGY-EFFICIENT INNOVATIVE SEAL FOR AIRCRAFT ENGINES." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2681688.
Full textAbstract:
The development of new Additive Manufacturing techniques helps to overtake design constrains characterizing the standard processes. This new reality can opens the space to the redesign of more efficient aircraft engine components. The engine turbine labyrinth seal honeycomb land is currently obtained shaping and welding a sheet metal to create an hexagon pattern. The employing of the DMLM additive manufacturing could led to the development of new geometries, different from the standard honeycomb land, able to increase the labyrinth sealing performances. In this research, innovative stator patterns, able to reduce the seal leakage mass flow rate, have been investigated. The identification of innovative lining pattern cell shapes has been performed by using numerical CFD analyses. The selection of the innovative lining pattern cell shapes has been performed among all numerical solutions investigated. The most promising solutions have been then experimentally verified.
Firstly, a dedicated work has been accomplished, to verify whether ANSYS CFX code was capable of predicting labyrinth seal performances adequately in terms of mass flow leakage. Then, a dedicated simplified model has been developed, in order to explore the performances of new designs with a reasonable computational cost.
An extended CFD analysis, on the honeycomb stepped labyrinth seal, has been performed, in order to investigate the stator part geometrical parameters affecting the discharge coefficient. A one-at-a-time approach has been employed, to investigate: cell wall thickness, cell depth, cell diameter and fin tip thickness. Moreover, the effect of varying the fin tip and cell relative position has been evaluated. Numerical results, for both convergent and divergent flow conditions, have been obtained and analyzed in terms of leakage variations. The obtained results are in good agreement with the data available in the literature . The analysis has highlighted the cell diameter as the most influencing geometrical parameter, for honeycomb labyrinth seal stator part.
In order to define innovative stator lining cell shapes, some assumptions for the honeycomb labyrinth seal rubbing and thermal behaviors have been employed.
Nineteen solutions have been numerically investigated, by leveraging on the knowledge in simulations acquired from the previous activity. A numerical model, of a double fin straight honeycomb labyrinth seal, able to reproduce engine conditions, has been implemented. CFD results have shown how the rhomboidal geometry could give a sensible improvement in the sealing performances.
Two of the rhomboidal shapes analyzed have been flow tested, on a static rig, that was reproducing the same labyrinth seal geometry numerically investigated. The test samples have been manufactured by using the DMLM technique at 1x scale. The measurements performed, for several running clearances and pressure ratios, are then compared with the standard honeycomb seal data and numerical pre-test predictions.
The rhomboidal cells thermal response has been tested in a facility available at the Energy Department of the Politecnico di Torino. The test rig is able to reproduce the outer band static part of a low pressure turbine stage and the blade tip labyrinth seal. It is working at high temperature and has been dimensioned in order to reproduce, in engine similitude, the non-dimensional numbers ruling LPT turbines thermal phenomena. The test article has been designed by integrating the innovative cells into the complete stepped shroud design. The part has been manufactured by means of DMLM technique. The results of the heat transfer model, reproducing the low pressure turbine test rig thermal behavior, have been compared with experimental data.
Finally, the rubbing behavior, of innovative solutions, has been verified performing a rubbing test and comparing measurements with standard solution data.
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Bersoult, Anne. "Rôle du récepteur kinase DMI2 dans la perception et la transduction du signal symbiotique Facteur Nod de Sinorhizobium meliloti chez la légumineuse Medicago truncatula." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30018.
Full textAbstract:
Le gène DMI2 joue un rôle central dans l'établissement des symbioses Endomycorhizienne à Arbuscule et Légumineuse-Rhizobium. Il est impliqué dans les étapes précoces de la perception/transduction du signal Nod Factor. DMI2 code un Receptor-Like-Kinase à trois domaines LRR et un domaine NSL dans la partie extracellulaire. Son expression est spécifique des racines et induite dans les primordia nodulaires et la zone de préinfection du nodule suggèrant un rôle dans la préparation des cellules à l'infection. DMI2 est situé dans la membrane plasmique et semble former des homodimères et interagir avec d'autres proteines des étapes précoces de la voie de transduction du signal, DMI1 and LYK3. L'interaction avec NFP reste incertaine. L'analyse fonctionnelle des RLKs NFP, LYK3 et DMI2 montre l'autophosphorylation des kinases LYK3 et DMI2, contrairement à NFP. La transphosphorylation de NFP par DMI2 et/ou LYK3 n'a pas été obtenue. Nous proposons un modèle de transduction des signaux symbiotiquesThe DMI2 gene plays a central role for the establishment of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and the Legume-Rhizobium symbioses. It is involved in the early steps of perception and transduction of the rhizobial Nod Factor signal. DMI2 encodes a Receptor-Like-Kinase with three LRR and one NSL domain in the extracellular part. DMI2 expression is specific of roots and is induced in nodule primordial and nodule preinfection zone which suggests a role in preparation of the cell to the infection. DMI2 is localised in the plasma membrane and seems to form homodimers and interact with other proteins of the early steps of the signalling pathway, DMI1 and LYK3. Interaction with NFP remains hypothetical. A functional analysis of the NFP, LYK3 and DMI2 RLKs shows autophosphorylation of the LYK3 and DMI2 kinases, contrary to NFP. No evidence of transphosphorylation of NFP by DMI2 and/or LYK3 were obtained. We propose a model of the symbiotic signal transduction