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1
Foo, Siew Fong. When marriages break down: Rights, obligations, and division of property. Singapore: Sweet & Maxwell Asia, 2005.
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2
United States. General Accounting Office., ed. Defined benefit pensions: Hidden liabilities from underfunded plans and potential new obligations confront PBGC : statement of Joseph F. Delfico, Director, Income Security Issues, Human Resources Division, before the Subcommittee on Employment and Housing, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1991.
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3
Assembly, Lower Canada Legislature House of. Bill: An act to repeal and amend certain parts of an act passed in the thirty-fourth year of His late Majesty's Reign, intituled "An Act for the division of the Province of Lower-Canada, for amending the Judicature thereof, and for repealing certain laws therein mentioned, and to make further provision for the more certain and uniform administration of Justice within the said Province = Bill acte pour rappeller en partie, et amender certaines parties d'un acte passé dans la Trente-quatrième année du Règne de feu Sa Majesté, intitulé "Acte qui divise la Province du Bas-Canada, qui amende la Judicature d'icelle, et qui rappelle certaines Lois y mentionnées, et pour faire de plus amples provisions pour l'Administration, plus certaine et plus uniforme de la Justice dans la dite Province. [Québec: s.n., 2001.
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4
United States. General Accounting Office., ed. COMMENTS ON FORMER INTERNAL SECURITY DIVISION'S TOTAL OBLIGATION EXEEDING ALLOTTED FUNDS... B-179849, 087554... U.S. GAO... DECEMBER 31, 1974. [S.l: s.n., 1998.
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5
Fedorov, Petr. Occupational Safety and Health. 6th ed. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/01956-6.
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The manual allows the reader to quickly navigate the regulations on labor protection; check whether all labor protection requirements are observed in the organization, and if necessary, study these requirements in detail and consider examples of the practical application of regulations. The use of the information contained in the manual on obligations in the field of labor protection, legal risks, and available opportunities for financing labor protection measures opens up opportunities for the employer to increase the efficiency of production activities. The book is supplied with an electronic appendix with forms of all documents necessary for the organization of labor protection. The publication is intended for employees of personnel services, labor protection specialists, heads of structural divisions of enterprises; it can be used by students of various specialties and directions for training in educational disciplines related to labor protection and HRM.
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Department of Labor: Obligations by object class / General Accounting Office, Accounting and Information Management Division. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1998.
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7
de Ruijter, Anniek. EU Health Law & Policy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788096.001.0001.
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This book describes the expansion of EU power in health care and public health and analyses the implications of this expansion on EU health values and rights. The main conclusion of the book is that the EU is de facto balancing fundamental rights and values relating to health, implicitly taking on obligations for safeguarding fundamental rights in the field of health and affecting individuals’ rights sometimes without an explicit legal competence to do so. This brings to light instances where EU health policy has implications for fundamental rights and values without the possibility to challenge the exercise of power of the EU in human health. This begs the question of whether subsidiarity is still the most relevant legal principle for the division of powers and tasks among the Member States, particularly when EU policy and law involves the politically sensitive areas of health care and public health. This question draws out the parameter for continuing the debate on the role of the European Union in promoting its own values and the wellbeing of its peoples, in light of its ever-growing role in human health issues.
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Weinrib, Jacob. Sovereignty as a Right and as a Duty. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922542.003.0003.
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The organizing principle of Immanuel Kant’s political philosophy is that each person has a basic right to equal freedom. This principle poses a challenge to the very possibility and purpose of sovereignty. It poses a challenge for the possibility of sovereignty because that idea divides persons into rulers and ruled and empowers the former to change the normative situation of the latter by conferring rights, powers, and immunities, or even imposing coercible obligations. But if each person has a right to equal freedom, how could sovereignty—with its attendant division of persons into ruler and ruled—be possible? Kant’s answer is that sovereignty is possible because it is constitutive of the condition in which private persons interact with one another on terms of equal freedom. Such an approach gives Kant resources both to explain how sovereignty can be justified to those bound by it and to deny that every organization that has a monopoly on violence exercises sovereignty. The right to equal freedom also has significant ramifications for thinking about the kinds of purposes that sovereign power may serve. Implicit in the justification of the sovereign’s right to exercise public authority is an overarching duty to bring the legal order as a whole into the deepest possible conformity with its own animating principle, equal freedom. Thus, Kant’s account of how sovereignty is possible culminates in an account of the duty that accompanies its exercise.
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Kosiba, Steve. Cultivating Empire. Edited by Sonia Alconini and Alan Covey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219352.013.22.
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The Inca Empire extended across myriad Andean environments where indigenous peoples had previously developed diverse, locally sustainable practices of agricultural intensification and land modification. Inca expansion disrupted these indigenous landscapes by introducing new laborers, tribute obligations, and land divisions. Many Inca agricultural facilities, such as state farms and estates, were primarily designed to satisfy the demands of the imperial nobility and military, and introduced social contradictions between state officials and commoners that reshaped Andean landscapes. Some subject populations withstood or even resisted Inca domination by continuing traditional farming practices despite the development and implementation of state agrarian infrastructure.
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Eckes, Christina. EU Powers Under External Pressure. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785545.001.0001.
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This book argues that external actions of the European Union result in an acceleration of national politics being locked into a tightening net of EU law. It brings to light the -hidden effects of EU external actions on, for example, the interpretation of organizational principles, pre-emption, and international obligations of the Member States. It then connects these effects to the broader debate on the democratic crisis, by engaging with the basic structures of the EU legal order and the Union’s relations with its citizens. The focus of this book is on the ‘outside-in’ effects of EU external relations. More specifically, the book sheds light on how the Union’s external actions affect the power division between the EU and its Member States, the structures that shape the relationship between the Union and its citizens, as well as the autonomy, effectiveness, and legitimacy of EU law. It examines, for example, the interpretation and potential of organizational principles, such as loyalty, subsidiarity, primacy, and coherence, in the context of external relations. It analyses how the choice of an external legal basis affects Member States’ powers. It traces how the European Parliament represents EU citizens in external relations. The book then analyses these legal findings through the lens of ‘structure of bonding’, that is, basic structures that have the potential to frame and affect the Union’s relations with its citizens. It shows how bonding structures could be used to justify that the Union takes external actions, including where they constrain Member States.
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Estrada, Emir, and Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo. Living the Third Shift. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037573.003.0009.
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This chapter examines gendered expectations resulting not only from the intersecting relations of race and class but also from the age as well as the inequality of nations that gives rise to particular patterns of international labor migration. Drawing on nine months of ethnographic observations and twenty in-depth interviews with Latina/o adolescent street vendors (sixteen girls and four boys) in Los Angeles, the chapter investigates how Latina girls negotiate a triple shift: street vending, household work, and schoolwork. It also explores the continuities between gendered household divisions of labor and street vending, whether the girls see “third-shift” work obligations as a burden or as a source of empowerment, and how the work that girls do as street vendors both perpetuates and challenges gendered expectations.
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Park, Ian. The Right to Life in Armed Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821380.001.0001.
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The controversy surrounding the applicability of the right to life during armed conflict makes it arguably one of the most divisive and topical issues at the junction of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. Recent litigation has, among other things, prompted the UK government to signal an intention to derogate from Article 2, ECHR, subject to certain caveats, in future armed conflicts. The litigation pursuant to Article 2 is also set to continue as the UK, and many other States with right to life obligations, will continue to use lethal force overseas; thus the significance of the issue will remain unabated. The scope and application of the right to life in armed conflict not only concerns parties to the ECHR; the predominance of coalition military operations in recent years has necessitated that it is essential for all troop-contributing States to understand the legal limitations of those States bound by the ECHR. It is equally important that the UN, NATO, NGOs, and other governments not directly involved in the armed conflict are aware of any States’ right to life obligations. Notwithstanding this, the applicability of the right to life in armed conflict is yet to be fully considered in academic literature. This book aims to close this lacuna and address the issue of the right to life in armed conflict by identifying and analysing the applicable law, citing recent examples of State practice, and offering concrete proposals to ensure that States comply with their right to life obligations.
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Schofield, Paul. Duty to Self. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190941758.001.0001.
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Duty to self has not been taken seriously by contemporary moral and political philosophers, with many even denying the coherence of the notion. Morality and politics concern treatment of others, according to common understanding, and so the very idea of a duty to oneself is thought to be mistaken. Against this, this book aims to vindicate the idea of duties owed by a person to herself, within both the moral and the political domains. Temporal divisions within a life, as well as between practical identities, enable an individual to relate to herself second-personally as she would to another, and thus to owe herself obligations. This book argues that such duties have implications for ethics, practical reasoning, and moral psychology. It also advances a new justification for paternalistic laws, which appeals to the notion of political self-duty.
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Zwicker, Steven N. Royalist Romance? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199580033.003.0015.
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This chapter considers how English-language and translated romances might have been valued during the seventeenth century. It asks whether these romances were thought of as mere trifles for female leisure and luxury or as allegories coded to flatter and console defeated royalists. The chapter also considers whether these fictions are intent on displaying the private and public dilemmas, obligations, and ideals shared across the many divisions and regimes of loyalty and over the years of civil war, political experiment, and Restoration. It is also possible that more than one of these reasons may be valid. In addition, the chapter considers a paradox at the centre of the modern critical conversation about mid-seventeenth-century romances: their sudden rise in popularity in the 1650s, the very moment when their political identity is said to have narrowed and hardened, and their appeal grown more selective and partisan.
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Henham, Ralph. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718895.003.0001.
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The Introduction outlines the work’s rationale and scope. Two main propositions are advanced. First, it is argued that the values underpinning sentencing policy should promote social cohesion rather than neo-liberal retributive values, which tend to reinforce social divisions through the disproportionate use of incarceration. Thus, sentencing policy should reflect shared values that justify punishment for the common good. Crucially, the identification of such values is regarded as a moral obligation that falls to the state. Secondly, and fundamental to social justice and credible governance, is the normative dimension. Hence, values must be realized through practice so that outcomes have moral credibility at the community level. It is suggested how value-related information could be accommodated in individual cases, whilst maintaining the system’s overall consistency. Numerous changes to practice and guidance are advocated, the most important being that sentencers should be given more discretion, not less, to facilitate the changes proposed.
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Fratzscher, Marcel. The refugee crisis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676575.003.0008.
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Since reunification in 1990, no issue has affected the German public and political debate more than the influx of more than 1.1 million refugees in 2015 alone. It has caused major political upheaval; in 2015 and 2016 it even appeared that Chancellor Merkel could be forced out of power. Soul searching in German society about the country’s identity and its values has also been widespread. The refugee crisis has led to major divisions. Many actively volunteer, donate money, or even accommodate refugees at home. This part of society considers it not just a moral obligation to help but also an opportunity to change and modernize society. But others fiercely oppose the government policies to let refugees come and settle in Germany. Many of these people are worried that the refugee influx might limit their own social services and entitlements and thus endanger their jobs and fundamentally change German society.
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Mitchell, Linda E. Family Life in The Middle Ages. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400649875.
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Mitchell takes a regional approach in exploring the lives of families in the Middle Ages. Starting with the late Roman families the first five chapters explore the roles of family members defined by tradition and law, what constituted a legal marriage and a family, to whom the children belonged, and who was included in the extended family. The remaining chapters delve into daily family life - homes of various social classes and the division of labor, both maintaining the home and family-based labor such as agriculture, banking, manufacturing of goods, and mercantile activity. Religious cultures of the medieval world varied but all often included oblation of children to monasteries, religious ceremonies for life stages, and family obligations in the religious culture. Birth, death and inheritance all affected the family and new families were often formed from previous generations and defunct family lines. Non-traditional families included family structures advocated by heretical groups - the Cathars and the Beguines, families created without marriage - concubinage relationships, and those that developed as a result of social and environmental stresses - the Black Death, war, and natural disasters. Perfect for students studying the Middle Ages and medieval life, this work provides a clear and engaging narrative on the day-to-day lives of the family. Reference resources include a timeline, sources for further reading, photographs and an index. Volumes in the Family Life Through History series focus on the day-to-day lives and roles of families. The roles of all family members are defined and information on daily family life, the role of the family in society, and the ever-changing definition of the term family' are discussed. Discussion of the nuclear family, single parent homes, foster and adoptive families, stepfamilies, and gay and lesbian families are included where appropriate. Topics such as meal planning, homes, entertainment and celebrations, are discussed along with larger social issues that originate in the home like domestic violence, child abuse and neglect, and divorce. Ideal for students and general readers alike, books in this series bring the history of everyday people to life.
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Beehner, Lionel, Risa Brooks, and Daniel Maurer, eds. Reconsidering American Civil-Military Relations. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197535493.001.0001.
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This book explores contemporary civil-military relations in the United States. Much of the canonical literature on civil-military relations was either written during or references the Cold War, while other major research focuses on the post-Cold War era, or the first decade of the twenty-first century. A great deal has changed since then. This book considers the implications for civil-military relations of many of these changes. Specifically, it focuses on factors such as breakdowns in democratic and civil-military norms and conventions; intensifying partisanship and deepening political divisions in American society; as well as new technology and the evolving character of armed conflict. Chapters are organized around the principal actors in civil-military relations, and the book includes sections on the military, civilian leadership, and the public. It explores the roles and obligations of each. The book also examines how changes in contemporary armed conflict influence civil-military relations. Chapters in this section examine the cyber domain, grey zone operations, asymmetric warfare and emerging technology. The book thus brings the study of civil-military relations into the contemporary era, in which new geopolitical realities and the changing character of armed conflict combine with domestic political tensions to test, if not potentially redefine, those relations.
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Chemerinsky, Erwin, and Howard Gillman. The Religion Clauses. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699734.001.0001.
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The relationship between the government and religion is deeply divisive. With the recent changes in the composition of the Supreme Court, the First Amendment law concerning religion is likely to change dramatically in the years ahead. The Court can be expected to reject the idea of a wall separating church and state and permit much more religious involvement in government and government support for religion. The Court is also likely to expand the rights of religious people to ignore legal obligations that others have to follow, such laws that require the provision of health care benefits to employees and prohibit businesses from discriminating against people because of their sexual orientation. This book argues for the opposite and the need for separating church and state. After carefully explaining all the major approaches to the meaning of the Constitution’s Religion Clauses, the book argues that the best approaches are for the government to be strictly secular and for there to be no special exemptions for religious people from neutral and general laws that others must obey. The book argues that this separationist approach is most consistent with the concerns of the Founders who drafted the Constitution and with the needs of a religiously pluralistic society in the 21st century.