Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diversity norm'
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Mette, Anthony. "Normativité de l'acceptation de l'homosexualité dans le sport : étude des déterminants psychologiques, interpersonnels et environnementaux des attitudes des sportifs envers les gays et les lesbiennes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0225/document.
Full textThe objective of this research is to study, among athletes, determinants of attitudes towards homosexuality. With respect to levels of Doise, it is expected the proposal of a predictive model of the determinants at different levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, positional and ideological.The work consists of 4 components: 1) a preliminary study of 322 people for the validation of a tool for measuring attitudes toward gays and lesbians, 2) a survey of 1002 athletes analyzing the determinants of attitudes toward homosexuals, distinguishing men's sports and women's sports, 3) a study on the discovery social norms towards homosexuality in sport, 4) a survey of 572 football players offering a predictive model of attitudes toward gays and lesbians, including the role of the trainer and group processes.Overall, the results indicate a clear difference between women and men athletes in the acceptance of homosexuality. Normativity is the main predictor of attitudes, tending towards a greater acceptance among women and preservation of heterosexism in men. Thus, in the masculine sport, homosexuality appears unprotected stigma directly related to group dynamics. In addition, heterosexism is closely related to sexism, racism and religion.In this sense, it seems important to develop awareness and training with athletes and coaches. These actions may be carried out under the general terms of the management of diversity in sport
Johansson, Ida. "Lika barn leka bäst, olika barn hittar på de bästa lekarna : En kvalitativ studie om etnisk mångfald inom industrisektorn." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80726.
Full textPicchetti, Yara de Paula. "Reiterações e transgressões à heteronormatividade na escola em tempos de educação para diversidade." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/106452.
Full textThis dissertation deals of modes of operartion in the norm field of sexuality and gender relations in an institutional and political-social context of education for diversity, in which reiterations and transgressions to heteronormativity are exercised routinely. In contemporary times there is a sharp discourse about sexual and gender diversity with an appreciation of the subject both in the media and in the public policy agenda. At this juncture, as one of most legitimate institutions of our time, the school is taken as a strategic space of struggle and has been convened to discuss sexuality and gender relations, generating possibilities of the thematic tensions in the field of education. However, discourses, institutions and practices are organized in a heteronormative way in our society and the actions of the standard may cause unusual arrangements in this context of a project of education for diversity. Under the aegis of school inclusion and through pedagogical practices for diversity, "new" sexualities have become intelligible and acceptable, providing recognition and access to rights to subjects previously marginalized or considered abject. But, if on one hand the identity affirmation and defense of human rights promote the expansion of the limits considered socially normal and the coexistence of subjects yore segregated with expansion of our democratic system, on the other hand also facilitate normalization of subjects, specifying and conforming the ways of life. From a poststructuralist perspective with input primarily from Foucault studies, I used ethnographic strategies in a public school in the city of Porto Alegre with the goal of understanding and analyzing the operation of norms of sexuality and gender in a context eminently concerned with education for diversity. I discuss how heteronormativity goes through the device of sexuality and renews through the presupposition of heterosexuality, by the marking of subjects that disagree with the norm, by the reaffirmation of categorizations in binary patterns of sexuality and gender and the domestication of diversity. As the reiteration of the norm is a process never identical to the previously exercised and not quite finished, the eventual transgression of the norm and emergence of the new is always a possibility brought in daily practices.
Strömbäck, Linn, and Lovisa Oldaeus. "A Native Speaker Norm Approach vs. an Intercultural Approach in the English K-3 classroom in Sweden." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33488.
Full textBertilsson, Elina, and Jenny Korhonen. ""Jag är inte den tjejen" : En kvalitativ fallstudie hos Gästrike Räddningstjänst." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26949.
Full textRing, Anna, and Wrede Salem Kuflu. "Den önskvärda och icke-önskvärda medborgaren : En diskursanalys av ett läromedel i samhällskunskap åk 4-6." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för de humanistiska och samhällsvetenskapliga ämnenas didaktik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-181033.
Full textPettersson, Aillinora, and Micaela Kimström. ""Genusböcker finns det ju gott om" : Förskollärares uppfattningar om normkritiskt arbete med barnlitteratur." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Pedagogik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29072.
Full textFastställt via akademichefsbeslut HIG-STYR 2019/7 den 2019-01-07
Daniel Petterson, fil dr, univ. lekt Pedagogik och Erika Björklund, fil dr, univ. lekt Pedagogik går in som examinatorer på PEG700 under veckorna 1 till och med 3, 2019 då Peter Gill, prof. Pedagogik, gått i pension från och med 2019-01-01.
Boixel, Anne-Lise. "Environmental heterogeneity, a driver of adaptation to temperature in foliar plant pathogen populations?" Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASA010.
Full textEnvironmental drivers, most notably temperature, affect the biology of phyllosphere microorganisms but also induce changes in their population dynamics, even in their evolutionary trajectories. The impact of climate on foliar plant disease epidemics is usually considered in forecasting models to inform management strategies. Such models focus on averages of environmental drivers but disregard both individual variation within populations and the scale and extent of biologically relevant environmental changes. These simplifications are glossing over substantial levels of individual variation that may have important consequences on the capacity of a population to adapt to environmental changes, and thus on the dynamics of epidemics in a fluctuating or changing climate. To examine the range of validity and consequences of these simplifying assumptions, I investigated how individual variation and environmental heterogeneity jointly affect fitness, phenotypic composition and resilience of populations of a foliar pathogen (Zymoseptoria tritici) inhabiting wheat canopies. Three complementary ways of exploration were adopted in this case study. First, an in vitro high-throughput phenotyping framework was developed, validated, and used to characterise the diversity in patterns of thermal responses existing across Z. tritici populations that were sampled over contrasted scales (spatial and seasonal variation of temperature). Second, the spatio-temporal thermal variations encountered in a wheat canopy, considered as a habitat exerting fluctuating selective pressures on these differential thermal sensitivities of individuals, were investigated in depth. Third, the way selection of “thermotypes” (functional groups of individuals displaying a similar thermal sensitivity) occurs and drives dynamics of Z. tritici populations was examined. To this end, both empirical (in vitro, in planta and in natura) and theoretical (in silico) competition experiments were conducted under increasingly complex selective environments. This research work demonstrates that glossing over the natural extent of individual phenotypic diversity in a phyllosphere microbial population and over the heterogeneity of selective pressures – from phyllo- to mesoclimate – leads to underestimate the resilience of this population, and thus its adaptive potential to environmental variations. In doing so, the results of this thesis, at the interface between epidemiology, micrometeorology, and ecology, improve our understanding of how important is individual variation to population dynamics and how environmental heterogeneity allows to maintain population diversity. Finally, this thesis provides insight into how large-scale patterns and local population processes are interlinked and display a “two-tier” adaptive dynamics
Kahl, Lovisa. "Snälla, kan du inte bara sitta stilla som alla andra? : En kvalitativ textanalys av litteratur för och om barn med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66304.
Full textHadjadji, Imene. "Caractérisation de la diversité génétique et écophysiologique d' Alexandrium catenella/tamarense au Nord (France) et au Sud Ouest (Algérie) de la Méditerranée." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20140/document.
Full textAmong the genera responsible for harmful algal blooms, the genus Alexandrium is certainly one of the most important in terms of diversity, distribution and significance of impacts. In this thesis we tried to understand the introduction and factors favoring the establishment and recurrence of Alexandrium catenella / tamarense blooms by comparing these events in two contrasting trophic sites: Thau lagoon in France and the Bay of Annaba in Algeria. To better understand the environmental determinism promoting this phenomenon, a comparative study was conducted using data collected in the field during a monthly parallel monitoring during the 2010-2011 year and the data available in the literature. Comparison of physicochemical parameters between the two study sites indicates that over a period of 18 years, the major common change that coincides with the appearance of Alexandrium catenella is the sharp decrease in concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus, which can limit growth of other organisms and thus promote the development of this species. In this work we developed a protocol for the establishment of monoclonal cultures from sediments by which we got for the first time thirty Alexandrium strains from Annaba bay. Morphological analysis and ribotyping performed on these strains showed that it is Alexandrium catenella group IV (temperate Asia clade). The analysis revealed that toxin concentrations and toxin composition of these strains are quite similar to that of A. catenella from Thau. In this thesis we also looked at the role that intraspecific diversity can play in the dynamics of blooms within the complex Alexandrium catenella / tamarense. Comparisons of growth rates, lag phases, capacity for growth on different culture media investigated among several strains of Alexandrium tamarense of Thau, revealed a high intraspecific diversity of parameters tested. The toxin profile and the growth of many strains of Alexandrium catenella from Annaba bay also showed considerable variability. The results of our study suggest that intraspecific diversity plays a key role along with certain environmental conditions for the survival against selection pressures and allows the sustainability of Alexandrium blooms and their propagation within different ecosystems
Grenié, Matthias. "En dehors de la norme : déviation de l'optimalité écologique et originalité fonctionnelle." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG027.
Full textA central hypothesis in functional ecology is that certain trait combinations let individuals have a maximum growth rate in certain environmental conditions, they represent as such a functional optimum. The abundant trait values are thus supposed to reflect the best performance of species close to the optimum. However, some processes, such as neutral processes, can affect the presence of a functional optimum. Some species also harbour original trait combination compared to the functional optimum, locally among communities as well as in regional species pools. The general goals of this thesis are (i) to propose community assembly models to test the influence of different processes that can affect the presence of a functional optimum, (ii) to identify specific processus that affect functional optimum by using these models, (iii) to identify globally original species and study their determinants, (iv) to evaluate the importance of originality in a conservation context. In the first chapter we propose to community assembly models, the first couples regional and local processes, while the second is more inspired by population dynamics model. In the second chapter, we identify two processes that affect the presence of a functional optimum: species habitat saturation and traits not affected by the environment. In the third chapter, we propose a statistical tool to quantify functional originality and we evaluate the relationships betwen regional functional originality and climatic factors. In the fourth chapter, we show that functionally original species are more at threat than other species and that they face more threats than functionally common species. The thesis shows the importance of taking into account multiple spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales to characterize functional originality. The diversity of biological models studied in this thesis (herbs, trees, birds, mammals, and coral reef fishes) underline the conceptual interest of functional originality in diverse ecological contexts
Irizarry, Amber H. "Understanding Diversity: Top Executives' Perceptions of Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Public Relations." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_theses/92.
Full textBosch, Fusté Elena. "Diversitat genòmica a les poblacions del Nord d'Àfrica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7064.
Full textThe genetic variability of the North African populations has been studied through the analysis of different genomic regions in order to understand both the analysed populations and the dynamics of the genome. The obtained results allow us to verify different hypotheses about the population history of this region including the parallel and independent effect of the Neolithic wave of advance from the Middle East and along both Mediterranean coasts; and the effect of Arabization phenomena. We also tried to estimate the North African male genetic contribution to the Iberian peninsula and detected Sub-Saharian genetic influences to the North African peoples. Moreover, the typing of genetic markers with different evolutionary rates on the Y chromosome allowed us to demonstrate that variation in microsatellites is deeply structured by genetic background on the non-recombining region of the human Y chromosome.
Sanoner, Philippe. "Les polyphénols des pommes à cidre : diversité variétales et oxydation." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2008.
Full textNgok, Banak Ludovic. "Diversité végétale des inselbergs et des dalles rocheuses du nord Gabon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210914.
Full textCharvet, Sophie. "Diversité et dynamique des communautés de protistes dans le haut Arctique canadien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30036/30036.pdf.
Full textThe Arctic region is a blend of stark windswept landscapes interwoven with a wide diversity of freshwater ecosystems. Presently confronted by temperature increases well above global average, causing changes in landscape and aquatic properties, the Arctic is a strategic area to study the impact of climate change on endogenous microbial communities. Ice is a crucial characteristic of Arctic ecosystems and has already begun to cross thresholds along the northern coastline of Ellesmere Island. In lakes, the effects of cold temperatures, variable irradiance and low inorganic nutrients combine to restrict primary production and growth of most organisms. The established richness of microorganisms present in these systems is due to the high diversity of their adaptive and nutritive strategies. Hence, the observed shifts in ice cover regimes of lakes will have impacts on their biological activity. Of these microbial components, the protists, unicellular eukaryotes, exploit a wide range of carbon and energy resources from phototrophy to predation and the combination of both, mixotrophy. The subject of this research was to determine the contribution of mixotrophs to protist community structure in Arctic lakes, and to develop knowledge of their potential response to the changing environmental conditions. Char Lake, Lake A and Ward Hunt Lake, three limnologically different lakes, were chosen to investigate the biodiversity of protists in August 2008. Microscopy, pigments and 18S gene clone libraries revealed a dominance of each lake by chrysophytes, prominent mixotrophic protists. At Lake A, the summer of 2008 was marked by a loss of ice-cover, creating atypical open-water conditions. High-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene revealed the contrast between the homogenous community structure within the ice-covered water column of May 2008, despite the sharp physico-chemical meromictic stratification within the lake, and the established spatial variability of the protist communities under the ice-free conditions of August 2008 and ice-covered conditions of July 2009. These results illustrate the importance of varying environmental factors, such as underwater irradiance, in shaping protist communities. To further examine the role of light and to investigate the impact of low prey resources, we conducted a light/dilution experiment at Ward Hunt Lake. Pyrosequencing of the V4 region of the 18S ribosomal RNA, along with the gene, showed taxonomic differences under the two light conditions, suggesting a divergence in the dominant type of mixotrophy, with dominance of primarily microflagellate grazers, the dinoflagellates, under low irradiance, and of bacterivorus chrysophytes in the high light treatment. This thesis research underscored the diversity of mixotrophs and their seasonal variations in Arctic lakes, and provided insights into the importance of environmental conditions on the mixotrophic strategy adopted by protist communities.
Dasilva, Cindy. "Picoplancton de l'Océan Atlantique Nord-Ouest : diversité et structure des communautés eucaryotes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30620/30620.pdf.
Full textPicoplankton includes planktonic microbes ranging from 0.2 to 3 μm in diameter. Among photosynthetic groups are cyanobacteria, and microbial eukaryotes whose ecology and diversity are poorly known. These picophytoplankton contribute significantly to oceanic carbon fixation and primary production. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the relative importance of autotrophic plankton along with heterotrophic picoeukaryotes. The study focused on samples of surface and subsurface chlorophyll maximum collected in the Gulf of Maine (July 2010) and the Scotian Shelf (April and October 2009). The combination of molecular techniques clone libraries and pyrosequencing, targeting 18S rRNA genes and transcripts as well as the functional gene psbA, which codes for a protein D1 of photosystem II were used. It was apparent that the picoeukaryotes are dynamic communities with distinct assemblages during the spring blooms compared to late summer - autumn conditions, and between regions near shore vs offshore. Differences in distribution, species composition and community structure were associated with hydrographic changes, where the temperature, which strongly influences the stratification, seemed to play a major role. Overall the study revealed the diversity of haptophytes and the high relative abundance of Mamiellophyceae (Chlorophyta). Heterotrophic flagellates varied over time for some taxa (Choanoflagellates, MAST-1, -4, -7) while others persisted. Comparisons between rRNA genes rRNA provided a new perspection on the status of communities and highlighted the potential of using both approachesto describe the state of the ecosystem.
Planas, Núria (Planas i. Raig). "Obstacles en l'aprenentatge matemàtic: la diversitat d'interpretacions de la norma." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4690.
Full textL'aprenentatge matemàtic resulta difícil perquè en el procés de construcció dels coneixements intervenen un conjunt d'aspectes de caràcter intrapersonal que són veritables obstacles a superar. Però, a més dels obstacles cognitius derivats de les situacions intrapersonals en els processos individuals d'aprenentatge, existeixen obstacles comunicatius en la comprensió de les formes de participació a l'aula que influencien inevitablement aquests processos. L'objectiu principal d'aquest treball és posar de manifest alguns dels problemes en l'aprenentatge matemàtic escolar sorgits de les dificultats amb què es troben els alumnes a l'hora de comprendre i aplicar els elements legitimats de la dinàmica general de l'aula de matemàtiques.
Partim del supòsit que els obstacles comunicatius es troben íntimament lligats a l'experiència de distància cultural i social viscuda per l'alumne en relacionar-se amb significats que li són aliens i valoracions no esperades. La vivència reiterada d'obstacles comunicatius condiciona les formes de participació i, en particular, la conjunció d'aquesta vivència amb l'assignació d'un cert escenari emocional pot comportar múltiples interrupcions dins les trajectòries globals de participació matemàtica i, moltes vegades, pot generar perfils permanents de no participació amb els corresponents historials crònics associats de fracàs escolar i frustració personal.
El fet que la població escollida de risc social sigui un cas extrem, especialment afectat per les interrupcions en la participació i amb trajectòries de no participació ben marcades, ha de facilitar l'accés al coneixement de factors de l'aula de matemàtiques que semblen provocar obstacles comunicatius i que, en unes altres circumstàncies, podrien quedar més encoberts. Malgrat que tots els alumnes experimenten certes dificultats per interpretar elements que regulen el funcionament de l'aula, els alumnes més distants de la cultura acadèmica i menys reconeguts dins d'ella semblen tenir una major vivència del contrast entre significats personals i canònics aplicats a la dinàmica social de l'aula i a les pràctiques matemàtiques. Aquesta major intensitat desencadena un major risc de dificultats i obstacles en les relacions amb la tasca matemàtica i amb els interlocutors legitimats a l'aula.
La present tesi doctoral se situa en el terreny dels estudis que prenen una perspectiva sociocultural crítica davant dels fets de l'aula de matemàtiques. D'aquests estudis, prenem una caracterització de l'aula basada en la pluralitat de significats, valoracions legitimitats i identitats individuals coexistents i, al mateix temps, en la gestió social que es fa d'aquesta pluralitat. L'aprenent de matemàtiques és, doncs, algú amb significats personals no necessàriament coincidents amb els canònics, que està sotmès a les valoracions de l'entorn interpersonal més immediat, que concedeix diferents graus de legitimitat als emissors d'aquestes valoracions i, entre tot això, en reconstrucció contínua de la seva identitat.
El títol del treball ja assenyala la perspectiva crítica adoptada. Per a nosaltres, el terme obstacle comunicatiu fa referència a una noció molt més complexa que el de dificultat comunicativa, malgrat que tots dos estan profundament entrellaçats. L'obstacle parla dels entrebancs que l'alumne es troba en l'entorn social de l'aula en intentar resoldre dificultats de comprensió de les pràctiques on s'ha d'implicar, o bé, en buscar espais on se li permeti comunicar significats personals i on se li comuniquin els significats dels altres. D'alguna manera, el terme dificultat representa la naturalesa cultural de l'aula de matemàtiques (les dificultats que hom té per a comprendre significats aliens) mentre que el terme obstacle s'assigna a la naturalesa social (els obstacles que hom troba per a resoldre les dificultats).
Una de les principals aportacions del treball és l'aproximació a les nocions de dificultat comunicativa i d'obstacle comunicatiu i la distinció que en fem. Considerem dificultats i obstacles al voltant del context normatiu de l'aula de matemàtiques. La comprensió de les normes d'actuació legitimades a l'aula i l'adequació dels comportaments i les formes de participació de l'alumne d'acord amb aquestes normes són condicions necessàries per a què es doni l'accés al discurs pedagògic principal. Tanmateix, les oportunitats de comprensió i d'adequació tenen a veure amb la distància cultural de l'alumne als fets de l'aula, la seva distància social a la resta de participants i la particularitat dels seus processos individuals de dotació de sentit i de configuració d'escenaris emocionals.
Fetes aquestes consideracions, enunciem la nostra qüestió d'investigació principal:
- Es poden establir connexions entre la comprensió que un alumne té de les normes sociomatemàtiques de l'aula i l'aparició d'obstacles en el seu procés d'aprenentatge matemàtic?
Concretem la qüestió en el cas de les poblacions de risc on centrem la recerca:
- Quines són aquestes connexions en el cas d'alumnes especialment distants de la cultura acadèmica i social representada a l'aula de matemàtiques de secundària?
Finalment, incloem aquestes dues qüestions dins una formulació més àmplia relativa a una qüestió general d'educació:
- De quines maneres els processos d'aprenentatge estan influenciats per les característiques socials del context on es produeixen?
Amb el propòsit de contribuir a respondre aquestes qüestions, dissenyem un estudi basat en l'observació i l'anàlisi de 12 sessions de classe de quart curs d'ensenyament secundari obligatori, amb quatre sessions a cadascuna de les aules escollides a tres centres públics situats a zones marginals de l'àrea metropolitana de Barcelona.
En aquest context social, plantegem l'objectiu principal i l'estructurem en cinc objectius específics que, a la seva vegada, queden operativitzats per la seva versió empírica:
- Posar de manifest obstacles en l'aprenentatge matemàtic derivats de la complexitat sociocultural de l'aula de matemàtiques.
Un tret fonamental de l'estudi és el context social on es planteja la fase empírica. Les tres aules de la recerca compten amb un alt percentatge d'alumnes immigrants en situació de risc social i amb un nombre important d'alumnes locals amb perfils de marginació global. En concret, l'escassa matrícula dels tres centres fa que en el curs 1999-2000, durant el qual té lloc la recollida principal de dades, la ratio professor-alumne sigui molt baixa i les aules de la mostra siguin de 6, 11 i 7 alumnes.
This work reports on some exploratory research with a single class of students. They were given the opportunity to express their views on a variety of teacher strategies used in whole class interactions. The students' responses highlight that developments in the curriculum which support a more problem-based, exploratory approach would be welcomed, particularly if accompanied by opportunities for sharing ideas. This would reduce the shame, public and private, generated by 'getting it wrong'. Gender and class issues are mentioned but not discussed.
There is considerable interest currently about the use of whole class teaching in mathematics. This interest has been provoked both by international comparisons (see Jaworski and Phillips 1999) and by government policy (see Brown et al 2000). Previously, there appears to have been an identification of this practice with a traditional, expository approach to learning, with discussion only occurring in the context of small group work (cf Groves and Doig 1998). However, some teachers are re-examining their use of whole class interaction, trying to include in the ensuing talk opportunities both for a more personally dialogic response from students and also for a more equitable one.
As a contribution to this debate and concentrating on the affective dimension, we offer the reflections of some school students on their experience of whole class questioning and what they feel would make their mathematics education a more participatory experience for them. Our concern with increased participation stems not simply from a concern with equity but also because of a belief that participation itself is a defining aspect of learning (Lave and Wenger 1991). We note, however, that the value of increasing participation is dependent on just what it is that is being participated in.
Research on the different 'classroom traditions' (Cobb et al 1992) or 'social practices' (Boaler 1997) that can be found in mathematics classrooms suggests that interactions are not necessarily mathematical. Such research has tended to focus on paradigmatic cases of different types of classrooms. This approach is valuable in highlighting the importance of differences between such types but it is important to recognise the way in which particular classrooms may share features of the different 'typical cases'. We believe that the evidence presented in this paper tends to support this view. Analysis of the student experiences we report here reflects that their experience of secondary school mathematics has been predominantly that of exposition plus.
There is little knowledge about what values teachers are teaching in mathematics classes, about how aware teachers are of their own value positions, about how these affect their teaching, and about how their teaching thereby develops certain values in their students. This work presents parts of the case studies of two Australian mathematics teachers which concern the relationship between their intended and their implemented values. As well as discussing data about these teachers' values, two possible approaches to the analysis of the interview and observational data are also presented.
Research Council funded three-year project which included the goals of:
(a) investigating and documenting mathematics teachers' understanding of their own intended and implemented values, and
(b) investigating the extent to which mathematics teachers can gain control over their own values teaching.
Values in mathematics education are the deep affective qualities which education aims to foster through the school subject of mathematics (Bishop, FitzSimons, Seah, & Clarkson, 1999; Bishop, 1996) and are a crucial component of the mathematics classroom affective environment. While accepting that values, beliefs, and attitudes are dialectically related (see Krathwohl, Bloom, & Masia, 1964; McLeod, 1992; Raths, Harmin, & Simon, 1987), our concern is with the values of mathematics, mathematics education, and education in general (see Bishop, 1996), rather than more global values such as social, ecological, moral and so forth - although these are by no means incompatible, and indeed may influence teachers' personal value systems.
As Bishop, FitzSimons, Seah, and Clarkson (1999) note, there is little knowledge about what values teachers are teaching in mathematics classes, about how aware teachers are of their own value positions, about how these affect their teaching, and about how their teaching thereby develops certain values in their students. Values are rarely considered in any discussions about mathematics teaching, and a casual question to teachers about the values they are teaching in mathematics lessons often produces an answer to the effect that they don't believe they are teaching any values at all. It is a widespread misunderstanding that mathematics is the most value-free of all school subjects, not just among teachers but also among parents, university mathematicians and employers.
Mathematics is just as much human and cultural knowledge as is any other field of knowledge; teachers inevitably teach values, and adults certainly express feelings, beliefs and values about mathematics which clearly relate to the mathematics teaching they experienced at school (FitzSimons, 1994; Karsenty & Vinner, 2000). More fundamentally we believe that the quality of mathematics teaching would be improved if there were more understanding about
values and their influences.
Castro, Monica. "Au nom de la biodiversité : de la construction d’une norme internationale à son application au niveau local." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0031.
Full textThis thesis, mobilizing Foucauldian theories of governmentality and a political ecology approach, wanted to trace the various itineraries of biodiversity conservation discourses and to elucidate their role in the greening of public policies at different scales and in different contexts. The multi-scale analysis has provided a valuable key to understanding how this ideology has specific spatial and today is hardly politically articulated by ecological governance systems that extend at different scales, from global to local. First we study the history of biodiversity from its origins among preservationists and managers in North America. Then we analyze the texts of international environmental conventions concerning nature. Next we followed the conceptual and textual making of a biodiversity management policy resulting from the Convention on Biological Diversity: the ecosystem approach. We then confronted the overall analysis of the international discourse on biodiversity to its application in the field at two specific places: the Natural Regional of Luberon in France and the duo Território Portal da Amazônia / Biological Corridor of South Amazonian eco-tones in Brazil. Following our results, the governance of biodiversity appears as a complex process of interaction between the international system and local contexts. The study of the genesis of the international system (normative) to govern the living proved to be an appropriate system to validate the concept of governmentality as a concept for studying biodiversity management systems. The study of the implementation at the local level of those global normative frameworks showed that their introduction transforms the relationship between men with their environment, leading them to think and act in new ways. Family farmers become spokespersons of Nature, fazendeiros become conservationists, and conservationists began, through agroecology, to invest in agriculture. However, the link between the integration of biodiversity at international level and its application in local contexts is not direct. International norms do not percolate directly at “lower” scalar levels by transforming the legislative frameworks. Each scalar level, each territory maintains its own logic. Territories are moderately transformed, when they incorporate through action and into local actors’ ideas, the principles of biodiversity management
Diallo, Aliou. "Systèmes multi-antennes pour diversité et MIMO." Nice, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454612.
Full textThe high data rates required in modern communication can be achieved by multiplying the radiating element involved in the broadcast and in the reception of the wireless link. This solution is called MIMO (Multiple Input and Multiple Output). Also, to reduce the deep fading caused by the multi-path propagating environment, the diversity technique which consists to place one antenna in the broadcast and several antennas in the reception can be used. However, the integration of several efficient antennas on the printed circuit board (PCB) of a mobile phone is a new challenge for antenna researchers. The main goal remains to keep a high isolation between these radiators, otherwise, the diversity gain and the channel capacity of the system can drastically be reduced. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the possibility to integrate two closely spaced quarter-wavelength resonators on a small PCB, with high isolation and high total efficiencies when using a neutralization effect between the radiators. However, these two Planar Inverted-F Antennas (PIFAS) were not operating in the same frequency band (DCS and UMTS). This work has been further extended with the successful implementation of this technique to a multi-antennas system operating in the same UMTS band. Several multi-antenna handsets have been designed. Their performance in diversity and MIMO are measured in a reverberation chamber to Göteborg, and in a indoor and outdoor environments to Helsinki
Lesur, Joséphine. "Exploitation de la diversité faunique et début du pastoralisme dans la corne de l'Afrique à l'Holocène : première approche archéozoologique régionale." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010561.
Full textFujimoto, Yuka 1976. "Personal, group and organisational diversity attitudes, values and norms make a difference to culturally diverse workgroups." Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8011.
Full textJamin, Jean-Yves. "De la norme à la diversité : L'intensification rizicole face à la diversité paysanne dans les périmètres irrigués de l'Office du Niger (Mali)." Phd thesis, Institut national agronomique paris-grignon - INA P-G, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408411.
Full textCette diversité des réponses nous a conduit à nous interroger sur la diversité des fonctionnements des exploitations agricoles. Celle-ci a été analysée dans une démarche "systèmes de production" prenant en compte aussi bien le riz que les activités non-rizicoles, mais aussi dans une démarche de "recherche-développement" associant étroitement les cadres du développement aux travaux entrepris.
La typologie élaborée met en évidence l'importance des composantes non rizicoles des systèmes de production dans le fonctionnement global de ceux-ci, mais aussi la sensibilité des exploitations de l'Office du Niger aux aléas extérieurs. Les suivis de parcelles effectués montrent que cette diversité des fonctionnements a des conséquences sur la conduite des rizières, puisque l'on retrouve à ce niveau une assez forte variabilité des pratiques culturales. A partir de là, des recherches plus techniques ont été entreprises pour répondre aux problèmes identifiés, avec le souci d'élaborer des références susceptibles de valoriser la diversité des exploitations agricoles et utilisables facilement par des conseillers agricoles.
La typologie n'est pas restée un outil de description de la réalité, elle a pu être utilisée pour définir des actions prenant en compte la diversité des exploitations. Pour les recherches techniques, elle a conduit à mettre l'accent sur la mise au point de modèles d'intensification différenciés, plus souples. Pour le conseil technique rizicole, elle a permis de moduler les conseils en fonction des objectifs et des contraintes des différents types d'exploitations. Elle a aussi permis, en montrant l'importance des activités non-rizicoles dans le fonctionnement de certains types d'exploitations, de développer un conseil sur le maraîchage et l'élevage, auparavant négligés. Enfin, elle fournit aux décideurs politiques et financiers des éléments sur les mesures à prendre en matière de réhabilitation des casiers, de réattribution foncière, d'aménagement de l'espace, d'intégration sociale et d'organisation des producteurs.
Lévesque, Alice. "Diversité des virus dans les lacs de fonte de pergélisol au nord du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29807.
Full textArctic regions are undergoing rapid changes due to global warming. Permafrost thawing and erosion is accelerating, creating small and shallow lakes, called thermokarst lakes, that are now widespread in Arctic landscapes. Thaw lakes can be classified in two groups depending on the landscape (palsa, lithalsa), and this has a great impact on their limnological properties. These freshwater ecosystems are highly stratified and harbour microbial assemblages that are important contributors of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. In general, the two major groups involved in the top-down control of microbial populations are either grazers or viruses. Here, we focused our study on viral communities, as it is now widely recognized that viruses are key components in all aquatic ecosystems. Although they have a large impact on nutrient cycles and host evolution and dynamics, viruses in high latitudes freshwater ecosystems remain poorly characterized. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine viral diversity in different types of thermokarst lakes by targeting specific families of viruses; and (2) to isolate a cyanophage from a subarctic lake. Using a PCR-based approach followed by high-throughput sequencing, we characterized the viral community composition in contrasting subarctic waterbodies. Comparisons suggested that viral diversity was primarily influenced by landscape type, which affects the host communities. Also, we isolated and sequenced the genome of two novel cyanomyoviruses. Analysis of these genomes revealed the presence of two auxiliary metabolic genes, suggesting horizontal gene transfer events between viruses and hosts. Overall, this study sheds light into the dynamics and the composition of viral communities in high-latitude freshwater environments.
Janes, Robert R. "Preserving diversity ethnoarchaeological perspectives on culture change in the western Canadian subarctic /." New York : Garland Pub, 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22542699.html.
Full textFink, Gerhard, Anne-Katrin Neyer, Marcus Kölling, and Sylvia Meierewert. "An integrative model of multinational team performance." Europainstitut, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2004. http://epub.wu.ac.at/272/1/document.pdf.
Full textSeries: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
Pedneault, Estelle. "Distribution, expression et diversité de l'ammonium monooxygénase (AMOA) des Archaea dans les eaux du Nord." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26729/26729.pdf.
Full textKefi, Rym. "Diversité de l'ADN mitochondrial de quelques populations humaines préhistoriques et actuelles de l'Afrique du Nord." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20652.
Full textThe anthropological and genetic studies revealed the complexity of the settlement of North Africa. We proposed to study the mitochondrial DNA diversity of a Tunisian population from Maktar. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Maktar has received genetic flows coming from Europe, Near-East and sub-Saharan region. Maktar population appears close to Egyptians and Mauritanians. We also studied the mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in ancient population from archaeological site of Taforalt (Morroco-12. 000 years BP), from archaeological site of Afalou (Algeria, 11. 000 years-15. 000 years) and from archaeological site of Wadi-Gabgaba (Egypt-6000 years BP). The genetic composition of these prehistoric populations showed the absence of sub-Saharan haplogroups suggesting that iberomaurusian individuals (Afalou and Taforalt) were not originated from sub-Sudan region. The gene flow across the Sahara desert in the northern Africa would be after 12. 000 years BP
Tall, Amadou. "Écologie des Vibrio spp. en Manche-Mer du Nord : diversité et occurrence de souches potentiellement pathogènes pour l'homme et les animaux, et déterminisme des paramètres environnementaux sur l'abondance des Vibrio spp." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0003.
Full textOne hundred and thirty species of vibrios, ubiquitous bacteria of marine and estuarine environments have been described, some of them being pathogenic for marine organisms. Twelve species are classified as human pathogens, Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus being the most frequently reported in cases of infection. Human infections are linked mostly to raw seafood consumption or to the exposure of skin wounds to contaminated seawater. In France, the risk is low but it is expected to increase in the future due to the increase of raw seafood consumption, the part of immuno-compromised people, but also the impact of anthropic activities and global warming on the marine environment. A better understanding of the ecology of these bacteria (distribution pattern, abundance and diversity) is a prerequisite for the monitoring of the Vibrio-risk in the environment. The 2-year study carried out in the Eastern English Channel during my PhD was part of the Vibrio Manche program (2009-2012, funding EDF R&D/Ifremer/Institut Pasteur de Lille), which main objective was to characterize the spatio-temporal distribution of the vibrios, among which the potentially pathogenic species for human and animal, and their relations with the biotic(phytoplankton and zooplankton) and abiotic environmental parameters. The strategy consisted in the enumeration and isolation of Vibrio strains, at 22°C and37°C on a selective medium, from seawater and superficial sediments collected during nine sampling campaigns and associated with the recording of environmental parameters. The protocol developed in this study provides an appropriate and rapid screening tool to identify a large number of bacterial strains routinely isolated from the environment. This was based on real-time PCR assays and the sequencing of discriminant genetic markers. We highlighted the important diversity of species among the 22°C isolates, represented mainly by species pathogenic for marine organisms such as V. splendidus. Contrastingly, the 37°C isolates were mainly represented by two species, V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi, and the potentially pathogenic species for humans were rarely detected using this experimental approach. We detected 20 and 17 species of vibrios among the 22°C (two sampling campaigns) and 37°C(nine sampling campaigns) isolates, respectively, and highlighted the probable influence of contrasted environmental conditions on these populations structure. These two populations presented different seasonal dynamics, as the seawater temperature and the zooplankton abundance showed to be the main drivers for the 37°C population. The 22°C population seemed to be linked to the chlorophyll a concentration and zooplankton abundance. These data and the approach developed in this study could contribute to the development of tools for the monitoring of coastal environment and they give perspectives to better understand the ecology of the vibrios and the environmental factors driving their abundance and diversity
Cosson, Nathalie. "Structure et diversité des peuplements benthiques profonds en réponse à des situations trophiques contrastées dans l'océan Atlantique nord-est tropical et tempéré." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2045.
Full textApril, Julien. "Étude de l'évolution et de la diversité des poissons d'eau douce de l'Amérique du Nord par une approche génétique comparative." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30173/30173.pdf.
Full textIntraspecific and interspecific genetic variation has been studied among North America’s freshwater fishes in order to improve our current knowledge on the evolution of biodiversity and to facilitate the conservation of this richness. Firstly, we generated a standard reference library of mitochondrial DNA sequences (DNA barcodes) for 752 North American freshwater fish species to provide an independent calibration of taxonomic uncertainty and to establish a more accessible molecular identification key for its application. This study demonstrates that 90% of known species can be delineated using barcodes. Results further suggest that current North American freshwater fish taxonomy at the species level significantly conceals diversity in some groups, while artificially creating diversity in others. Secondly, we studied intraspecific and interspecific genetic divergence in order to describe and identify the underlying evolutionary causes of general patterns of biodiversity distribution. This study supports a dual role involving both the late Pliocene-Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and metabolic rate in determining latitudinal gradients of genetic divergence. Thirdly, patterns of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA (AFLP) have been studied among different codistributed pairs of glacial lineages in order to verify the generality of allopatric speciation. This study shows that the Eastern Great-Lakes drainage represents a multi-species suture zone for glacial lineages of freshwater fishes with variable levels of genetic divergence. AFLP analyses among four pairs of lineages indicate that lineages with relatively deep levels of mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence (>2 %) developed strong reproductive barriers. By describing different levels of divergence and reproductive isolation in different co-occurring fishes, we offer strong evidence that allopatric speciation has contributed significantly to the diversification of North Eastern American freshwater fishes. This thesis therefore offers a new molecular identification tool for freshwater fish of North America and brings strong evidences that allopatric speciation has played a predominant role in generating biodiversity.
Otašević, Ivana. "L'émergence d'une norme non écrite en matière de protection de la diversité culturelle en droit international." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31147.
Full textMuret, Arnaud. "La qualité en recherche : la construction d'une norme Française." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001249.
Full textTalledo, Aviles Maria Isabel. "Zaña, enclave noire de la côte nord du Pérou." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030021.
Full textZaña is standing in the northern coast in Peru. Zana is a Colonial city created in November 1563 by Captain Baltazar Rodriguez. The sailor was sent by Peruvian Vice-King Diego López de Zuñiga conde de Nieva. As soon as 16th century, Spanish colons in charge of the exploitation of mines and fields brought slaves to work as labour. Most of the slaves came from Africa. They had been kidnapped and taken away from their lands, their families and their traditions to be enslaved. From 19th century, immigration from the Far East replaced the African labour. Although oppressed and suffering from diseases, many African slaves managed to settle in Peru. Yet, with interracial marriages, Peruvians from African descendants are less numerous. Does this portrayal really reflect Zaña’s situation ? Can we consider that Zaña is still a black territory-enclave ? Our answer to these questions came from a field work in Peru. This research deals with ethnic diversity and the preservation of the African culture in Zaña. First, we focused on the evolution of the city from its foundation to the present days. Then, we drew a portrayal of Peruvian from African descendance in Zaña
Soler, Clélia. "Dynamique de la diversité génétique du sorgho repiqué (Sorghum bicolor ssp. bicolor) au Nord Cameroun : facteurs biologiques et anthropiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20223/document.
Full textIn 1996, FAO has recognized the role of farmers in building and managing genetic resources. This work is part of the project PLANTADIV which main objective is to understand how biological and anthropogenic factors interact and shape diversity of cultivated plants in the Lake Chad Basin. In this region, people have developed an original agricultural innovation: the use in dry-season of flooded clay soils for transplanting sorghum. Transplanted sorghum varieties are able to tap into soil moisture reserves to complete their growth cycle in the dry-season without any water supply. Transplanted sorghum cultivation undertook a large development in the region since the middle of the XX century.The thesis project focuses on the estimation of the genetic diversity of planted sorghum and on biological and genetic mechanisms that may have contributed to its structuration both within and between landraces. We also undertook to trace the evolutionary history of planted sorghum by relying primarily on population genetics approaches to elaborate over geographical and historical hypotheses.This study revealed that at least two events of deseasonalization occurred from rain- sorghum pools from two different genetic groups. Differentiation of dry-season sorghum is stronger than that of rain-sorghum. This may be partially due to social practices: rainy sorghum are mainly exchanged through friends, families and neighbors as planted sorghum seeds are often obtain from markets. Extensive seed exchange between different human populations across the region may have blurred the geographical pattern of the genetic diversity, not allowing us to identify potential sites for deseasonalization.The second part of this work is devoted to the reproductive biology of dry-season sorghum. Direct and indirect estimation methods have shown that dry-season sorghum is, as rain sorghum, preferably selfing. Average level of out crossing is nevertheless lower in dry-season sorghum (1.8%) than it is in rain-sorghum (12%). Within landraces, variations are also smaller for dry-season sorghum than for rain-sorghum.The last part of the thesis is devoted to the impacts of agricultural practices on the structure of the genetic diversity of dry-season sorghum at a local scale. Genetic analyzes have shown that in both studied villages of Djongdong and Bouzar, located in the extreme north of Cameroon, each landrace named by a farmer corresponds to a genetic entity. In addition, the same morphological type among different farmers corresponds to a genetic entity. Modes of seed management and cultural practices were analyzed; they seem to have little influence on the structure of the genetic diversity of dry-season sorghum
Blanchard, Elodie. "Diversité structurale des forêts denses humides de la Province Nord de Nouvelle Calédonie : de l'arbre au paysage." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT116/document.
Full textIn the course of global change, new practices of sustainable management in tropical rainforests that maintain key environmental services (e.g., biodiversity, carbon sequestration) and produce goods on which local communities rely is needed. The measurement, spatialization and understanding of the drivers of rainforest structure at large scale is challenging for managing sustainably forest resources. Rainforests of New Caledonia, a biodiversity hotspot located in the South-West Pacific, are a well-suited study model to explore the drivers of rainforest structure. Indeed, New Caledonian rainforests are distributed along a mountain chain, which creates strong environmental gradients overlaid by a range of natural and anthropogenic disturbance gradients. The aims of this thesis are (i) to define some structural features of New Caledonian rainforests, (ii) to map rainforests and to predict their structure at large scale, and (iii) to quantify the influence of the environment and the forest dynamics on rainforest structure. To this end, 23 one hectare forest inventories were set up in the North Province of New Caledonia. In these plots, elevation ranged between 250 and 900 m and annual rainfall between 1500 and 3000 mm. In addition to characterize locally rainforest structure, these plots were used to calibrate a predictive model based on a textural analysis of the canopy, using the FOTO (FOurier transform Textural Ordination) method, which was applied to eight very high resolution images from a Pléiades satellite (covering 1295 km2). Such a model able to relate texture and structure is based on the hypothesis that the allometric relationship between the DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) and the crown size of a canopy tree is stable. We tested this hypothesis tropics-wide. Our results show that New Caledonian rainforests are dense (1182 ± 233 tree/ha), with a high basal area (44 ± 11 m2/ha), a relatively low canopy (14 ± 3 m) and an above-ground biomass typical of tropical rainforests (299 ± 83 t/ha). These forests are also characterized by a high structural variability. This variability has the same range when influenced by environmental gradients as when influenced by forest succession gradients. The FOTO method applied to Pléiades images allowed to predict and spatialize key structural parameters (like the stem density or the above-ground biomass of rainforests) from robust correlations with the textural indices of the canopy (R² ≥ 0,6; RMSE ≤ 20%). The structure of New Caledonian rainforest is mainly driven by the potential insolation and the elevation at the scale of mountain massifs, and by the slope and the topographic wetness at the scale of a mountainside. These findings will enable to estimate rainforest resources across the territory and to define a new typology of New Caledonian rainforests taking into account their structural variability
Beaugrand, Grégory. "Biodiversité pélagique et changements hydroclimatiques dans l'océan Atlantique Nord." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066390.
Full textBorg, Farhana. "Integration of immigrants and cultural diversity : An analysis of one textbook and its workbook for upper secondary English A published in Sweden in 2004." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Pedagogiskt arbete, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30035.
Full textTamdrari, Hacène. "Analyse de la diversité biologique des poissons démersaux du nord du golfe du Saint-Laurent." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2007.
Find full textTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 15 janvier 2008). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en océanographie. Comprend un résumé. CaQRU CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. 64-72. Publié aussi en version papier. CaQRU
Wright, Jennifer Lyn Cole. "Child and adolescent conceptions of the personal, social, and moral implications for diversity, tolerance, and education /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594488721&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textMbida, Mbida Rémy. "La diversité culturelle : l'autre nom de la communication ? : Les Enjeux communicationnels et culturels des organisations internationales." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090055.
Full textLe, Houérou Henri-Noël. "Bioclimatologie et biogéographie des steppes arides du nord de l'Afrique : diversité biologique, développement durable et désertisation /." Montpellier : Paris : CIHEAM ; ACCT, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35804356v.
Full textLozouet, Pierre. "Le domaine atlantique européen au Cénozoïque moyen : diversité et évolution des gastéropodes." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MNHN0015.
Full textHaber, Marc 1980. "Study of human genetic diversity : inferences on population origin and history." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/127113.
Full textEls patrons de diversitat genètica humana suggereixen que els humans van sorgir d’un petit grup a l’Àfrica que es va expandir ràpidament fa uns 50,000 anys per tot el planeta. En migrar cap a nous hàbitats, la deriva genètica i la selecció natural van afectar de manera diferencial les poblacions, generant una estructura genètica. Mitjançant la comprensió de l’estructura genètica de les poblacions podem reconstruir la història humana i entendre la base genètica de les malalties. Aquest treball contribueix a l’esforç continu de catalogar la diversitat genètica humana explorant poblacions poc representades en altres estudis genètics. Hem utilitzat variacions al llarg del genoma de poblacions d’Àsia Central, Orient Mitjà i el Nord d’Àfrica per tal de reconstruir la seva història. Hem observat que canvis climàtics i geogràfics semblen ser els factors principals que han modelat la diversitat genètica. A més, hem identificat esdeveniments culturals i històrics recents que afavorit les barreges i el flux genètic entre poblacions, generant la diversitat genètica observada avui en dia.
Auclerc, Apolline. "Impact d'amendements calco-magnésiens sur la diversité des macroinvertébrés de sols forestiers et sur certains processus fonctionnels associés. Cas du massif vosgien (nord-est, France)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0056/document.
Full textThe use of liming (Ca-Mg) on acidified forest can be interesting to counteract soil acidification and loss of nutrients caused by decades of acid atmospheric deposition. In this context, the aims of this work were to assess liming effect on (i) taxonomical diversity and community structure of soil macro-invertebrates and on (ii) two associated functional processes related to earthworms: soil structuration and humus evolution. The PhD project was realised in three sites from the Vosges mountains (North-eastern, France): two forest mountain catchments (one lying on sandstone and the other on granite) limed in 2003 and the public hill forest of Humont at a lower altitude limed in 1991 and 2008. Results showed that 4 years after liming in mountain forest, the total abundance of macro-invertebrates decreased, while the species richness were similar. However, the community structure strongly differed, and less than 50% of the species were common to limed and control sites. Moreover, 43 species appeared to be indicators of liming. Predator taxa abundance decreased whereas the detritivorous were favoured by lime addition. The in vitro experiments showed a positive effect of liming on soil structuration by earthworm activities (cast production and burrowing activities). In the Humont forest, liming at medium-term (4 years) and long term (20 years) have an important effect on the Aporrectodea velox population, an endemic vosgian species. Related to its high biomass, this increase strongly improved soil physicochemical parameters such as soil structure and humus morphology
Kharobi, Arwa. "Approche archéo-anthropologique des tombes de Tell Hamoukar et Tell Mozan (Syrie de 3700 à 1600 av. J.-C.) : taphonomie et diversité des pratiques funéraires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0165/document.
Full textThis disseration deals with two Syrian-American excavation projects in the north of Syria: the one at TellMozan / Urkesh (G. Buccellati Buccellati and Kelly) and the project at Tell Hamoukar (C. Reichel and S. al-Kintar).These two excavations are planned in the cooperation with the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums ofSyria (DGAM). We aim, through this archeothanatological study to reintegrate the anthropological data in the globalarcheological analysis of the population as well, in order to deepen our pre-established knowledge in the same timeof developing a multidisciplinary approach on such unpublished data. Such research is essential to complete thisrevealed knowledge mosaic of various ancient societies that occupied Upper Mesopotamia from Chalcolithic to theMiddle Bronze Age (3700-1600 BC.) leaving behind valuable evidences
Barnaud, Adeline. "Savoirs, pratiques et dynamiques de la diversité génétique : le sorgho (Sorghum bicolor ssp. bicolor) chez les Duupa du nord Cameroun." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20103.
Full textDdani, Mohamed. "Origine de la diversité de minéraux smectitiques des bentonites dans un contexte volcanique et volcano-sédimentaire : Rif Nord Oriental (Maroc)." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2325.
Full textA great number of bentonite deposits have been discovered around the Gourougou vocanic massif (northeastern Morocco). Some of them have been formed by hydrothermal alteration (Providencia, Tribia) while the others are formed in marine, lagoonal or lacustrine environments (Ibourhardayn, Moulay Rachid, Melg el Ouidan). The crystallochemical properties of the smectites vary with the alteration conditions (temperature, composition of the fluids). Beidellites are formed in hydrothermal conditions while montmorillonite is formed in sea water of fresh water. The bentonite formed by the alteration of pyroclastic deposits in the vicinity of the volcano are composed of a beidelle-montmorillonite mixture. The formation of beidellite or montmorillonite is controlled by the amount of magnesium available in the alteration system (volcanic glass and solutions). The beidellites are formed in open hydrothermal systems where the solutions are strongly Mg-depleted. The Mg content of the volcanic glass decreases by leaching leading to the precipitation of an Al-rich smectite. On the opposite, the montmorillonites are formed in closed systems. The magnesium provided either by the solution (sea water) or by the volcanic glass itself is incorporated in the neoformed smectites. Consequently, different bentonite types may derive from similar rhyolitic glass according to the local alteration conditions. The rheological properties do not depend directly from the beidellite or montmorillonite crystal structure of the smectites. Other parameters such as the presence of salts and the interlayer cations are more important
Neyret, Margot. "Adventices et érosion du sol dans un agroécosystème montagneux du Nord de la Thaïlande : une étude multidisciplinaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS285.
Full textIn Mountainous South-East Asia, rapid agricultural intensification and the expansion of rubber tree plantations in the past decades led to drastic biodiversity losses and intense soil degradation. Weeds provide diverse ecosystem services, including soil protection and support for biodiversity at higher levels. However, the determinants of weed communities in mountainous areas of Southeast Asia, and the interactions of these communities with soil characteristics and erosion processes, are still largely unknown. We conducted soil characterisation and botanical inventories in Huai Lang, Northern Thailand, in 20 fields from different land uses along the transition from annual crops to mature rubber tree plantations twice a year from 2016 to 2018. Using 1m2 erosion microplots, we also measured runoff and soil erosion in different land uses, and in rubber tree plantations under different weeding practices. We show that weed communities composition was mostly determined by land use and landscape characteristics, while crop temporal variability was an important determinant of plant diversity. Rubber tree plantations had specific weed communities and had exceptionally high soil detachment rates compared to maize or young plantations, but weed cover was effective in decreasing these erosion rates. Altogether, our results suggest that soil and plant biodiversity conservation in mountainous Southeast Asia should involve both on-field adaptations (e.g. less intense weeding practices, especially under rubber tree plantations) and landscape-scale management programs, with a focus on maintaining landscape diversity
Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste. "Biologie de la conservation du corail rouge, Corallium rubrum (Linnaeus, 1758) : impact du changement global sur l'évolution des populations infralittorales en Méditerranée Nord-Occidentale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22096/document.
Full textAnthropic pressures act synergistically from gene to ecosystems and from polar to tropical regions, inducing a strong biological loss, which is considered by many as the sixth mass extinction. The evolution of biodiversity facing the ongoing global change is thus an open question.The present study is focused on the shallow populations (5 - 60 m) of Corallium rubrum (Octocorallia,Coralliidae) in the North Western Mediterranean Sea. The red coral is a sessile and long-lived species with a larval phase, a slow population dynamics and an important structuring role in the Mediterranean hard substrates communities. This species faces a strong harvesting pressure, and recently underwent two massmortality events linked to positive thermal anomalies putatively due to ongoing climate change. These two pressures may have deep implications on the evolution of the shallow populations of this species. Using population genetics and field ecology, the main objective of this study was to define microevolutionary processes acting between and within red coral populations, to enhance our knowledge on the biology of this species facing the environmental changes. This work extends our knowledge concerning the ecology of Corallium rubrum, and provides new toolsand data for its conservation in the context of the ongoing global change. Moreover, this work improves our understanding in the biology of sessile marine organisms with a larval phase, illustrating for example the relevance of approaches conducted at fine geographical scales to address questions regarding the evolution of these organisms