Books: 'Diversity norm'

1

Ostrom, Elinor. Understanding institutional diversity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005.

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2

Beny, Laura. Reflections on the diversity-performance nexus among elite American law firms: Toward a theory of a diversity norm. Toronto: Law and Economics Programme, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2005.

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3

Bonora, Paola, Giuseppe Dematteis, and F. Boggio. Geografia dello sviluppo: Diversità e disuguaglianze nel rapporto Nord-Sud. Torino: UTET libreria, 2002.

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4

Blakey, Simon. Diversity and security in European energy: The case of the Nord Stream pipeline. Cambridge, Mass: CERA, 2008.

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5

Canada. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Towards managing diversity : a study of systemic discrimination at DIAND : report August 1991 =: Apprendre à gérer la diversité : une étude sur la discrimination systémique à l'intérieur du MAINC : rapport août 1991. Ottawa, Ont: Dept. of Indian Affairs and Northern Development = Ministère des affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien, 1991.

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6

Houérou, H. N. Le. Bioclimatologie et biogéographie des steppes arides du Nord de l'Afrique: Diversité biologique, développement durable et désertisation. Montpellier: Centre international de hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes, Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier, 1995.

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7

Catalonia (Spain). Departament de Cultura., ed. La diversitat cultural en el diàleg Nord-Sud: Ponències de la Segona Trobada de la Comissió Internacional de Difusió de la Cultura Catalana. Barcelona: Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya, 1991.

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8

Dolfi, Anna, ed. «Per amor di poesia (o di versi)». Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-767-2.

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Giorgio Caproni è sicuramente tra i poeti più amati del nostro Novecento. Anna Dolfi ha intercettato questa diffusa passione per coinvolgere in nuove ricerche non solo noti capronisti ma anche giovani ricercatori. Il risultato è un libro di notevole ricchezza che, assieme a una visione complessiva, propone una serie di approfondimenti ermeneutici su temi fi nora meno battuti (la memoria, i bestiari…) accostando nuove letture di testi esemplari a documenti inediti, a riflessioni sulla lingua, la poetica, le suggestioni musicali, pittoriche, mitiche, senza scordare la caproniana attività di traduzione, auto commento ed impegno civile. Una funzionale suddivisione del libro in Percorsi e attraversamenti, Letture (e immediati dintorni), Risultanze tra/dalle carte d’archivio esalta la diversità delle off erte critiche e dei serrati confronti, dei sondaggi ed esperimenti di commento, di explication de texte, e mette in rilievo la grande perizia tecnica e l’estrema profondità lirica di un autore che, tra cantabilità e dissonanze, arpeggi e apostrofi , cabalette e cadenze, svolazzi e dilazioni, vocalizzi e versicoli, riprese e congedi, loquacità e afasia, ha saputo interpretare la contraddittoria ricerca, le domande, i timori, le colpe, le ferite insanabili del nostro tempo.

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9

Ammannati, Francesco, ed. Religione e istituzioni religiose nell'economia europea. 1000-1800 - Religion and Religious Institutions in the European Economy. 1000-1800. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-126-3.

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La religione è senza dubbio il fenomeno culturale più importante nella storia del mondo. Essa era onnipresente nella vita quotidiana medievale e della prima età moderna. In tutte le epoche e tutte le culture, essa è stata condizionata dall’economia; per altro verso ha esercitato una profonda influenza non solo sulle teorie, ma anche sulla pratica, le consuetudini, le norme, i consumi, gli strumenti e in genere sulla complessiva organizzazione economica. Gli stessi flussi migratori, che hanno prodotto effetti e trasformazioni significative nell’assetto economico europeo sono stati in molti casi collegati a problematiche di tipo religioso. Il volume che raccoglie gli atti della Settimana di Studi datiniana esplora attraverso 44 contributi scientifici questa relazione dinamica e complessa, che coinvolse le tre principali religioni europee: Cristianesimo, Giudaismo ed Islamismo, ma anche le esperienze particolari all’interno di ogni confessione. Esse infatti conobbero, in contesti diversi, diverse interpretazioni e divergenti espressioni dogmatiche e dottrinali, cui corrisposero significative differenze nella evoluzione degli strumenti e dei rapporti economici europei e del Mediterraneo, a partire dall’inizio del secondo millennio.

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10

Grosse Ruse-Khan, Henning. The Protection of Intellectual Property in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663392.001.0001.

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This book examines intellectual property (IP) protection in the broader context of international law. Against the background of the debate about norm relations within and between different rule systems in international law, it constructs a holistic view of international IP law as an integral part of the international legal system. The first part considers norm relations within the international IP law system. It analyses the relationship of the two main unilateral IP conventions to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of International Property Rights (TRIPS), as well as the relationship between TRIPS and subsequent Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). The second part discusses alternative rule systems for the protection of IP. The third part identifies important intersections and links between the traditional system of IP protection and other areas of international law related to environmental, social, and economic concerns. These include free trade in goods; biological diversity, genetic resources, and traditional knowledge; multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) on climate change; and access to medicines and food. This analysis provides significant insights into the nature and quality of international law as a legal system. The fourth part identifies appropriate norms within the international IP system that can respond to these complexities and linkages.

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11

Ostrom, Elinor. Understanding Institutional Diversity. Princeton University Press, 2009.

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12

Ostrom, Elinor. Understanding Institutional Diversity. Princeton University Press, 2005.

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13

UNDERSTANDING INSTITUTIONAL DIVERSTIY. Princeton University Press, 2009.

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14

Özbilgin, Mustafa, Karsten Jonsen, Ahu Tatli, Joana Vassilopoulou, and Olca Surgevil. Global Diversity Management. Edited by Quinetta M. Roberson. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199736355.013.0022.

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With increased globalization of the competitive business environment, companies must adjust their operating practices to accommodate the cultural styles, norms, and preferences of the regions of the world in which they operate. This chapter reviews theories and research related to global diversity management (GDM). In addition, a framework for studying the meaning, operation, and management of diversity across national borders is presented. In particular, the shift of emphasis from normative and process-based approaches to a contextual and multifaceted understanding of GDM is explored. The chapter also explores key challenges and contradictions facing GDM. Finally, future directions in research and practice are discussed.

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15

Geiß, Robin, and Heike Krieger, eds. The 'Legal Pluriverse' Surrounding Multinational Military Operations. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842965.001.0001.

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The volume aims at the conceptualization and rationalization of the The ‘Legal Pluriverse’ Surrounding Multinational Military Operations. This term is used to describe the multiplicity of rules that apply to and regulate contemporary multinational missions and the diversity of actors involved. The book intends to systematically compile and take stock of the various legal regimes which make up this pluriverse, to assess how these rules interact, and to expose norm conflicts, areas of legal uncertainty, or protective loopholes. Taken together, the book’s individual contributions identify and evaluate approaches to better streamline the different applicable legal frameworks with a view to enhancing cooperation and thereby to ensure the long-term success of multinational military operations.

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16

Gaupp, Lisa, and Giulia Pelillo-Hestermeyer. Diversity and Otherness: Transcultural Insights into Norms, Practices, Negotiations. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2021.

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17

Gaupp, Lisa, and Giulia Pelillo-Hestermeyer. Diversity and Otherness: Transcultural Insights into Norms, Practices, Negotiations. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2022.

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18

Gaupp, Lisa, and Giulia Pelillo-Hestermeyer. Diversity and Otherness: Transcultural Insights into Norms, Practices, Negotiations. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2021.

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19

Proust, Joëlle, and Martin Fortier, eds. Metacognitive Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.001.0001.

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This book focuses on the variability of metacognitive skills across cultures. Metacognition refers to the processes that enable agents to contextually control their first-order cognitive activity (e.g. perceiving, remembering, learning, or problem-solving) by monitoring them, i.e. assessing their likely success. It is involved in our daily observations, such as “I don’t remember where my keys are,” or “I understand your point.” These assessments may rely either on specialized feelings (e.g. the felt fluency involved in distinguishing familiar from new environments, informative from repetitive messages, difficult from easy cognitive tasks) or on folk theories about one’s own mental abilities. Variable and universal features associated with these dimensions are documented, using anthropological, linguistic, neuroscientific, and psychological evidence. Among the universal cross-cultural aspects of metacognition, children are found to be more sensitive to their own ignorance than to that of others, adults have an intuitive understanding of what counts as knowledge, and speakers are sensitive to the reliability of informational sources (independently of the way the information is linguistically expressed). On the other hand, an agent’s decisions to allocate effort, motivation to learn, and sense of being right or wrong in perceptions and memories (and other cognitive tasks) are shown to depend on specific transmitted goals, norms, and values. Metacognitive variability is seen to be modulated (among other factors) by variation in attention patterns (analytic or holistic), self-concepts (independent or interdependent), agentive properties (autonomous or heteronomous), childrearing style (individual or collective), and modes of learning (observational or pedagogical). New domains of metacognitive variability are studied, such as those generated by metacognition-oriented embodied practices (present in rituals and religious worship) and by culture-specific lay theories about subjective uncertainty and knowledge regarding natural or supernatural entities.

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20

Multilinguisme et multiculturalisme en Amérique du Nord: Diversité régional. Talence, France: [M.S.H.A., 1987.

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21

Corbett, Jack, and Wouter Veenendaal. Democratization and Cultural Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796718.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 interrogates the argument that cultural homogeneity is a prerequisite for democratic persistence. The thesis here is that the absence of diverse interests and agreement around cultural norms produces a unified citizenry. This is supported by the view that democracy is harder to sustain in ethnically and religiously diverse societies. The problem is that many small states are ethnically, socially, and linguistically divided and stubbornly democratic. They also tend to operate majoritarian rather than consensual or consociational political institutions. Indeed, in some cases, such as the Melanesian region of the Pacific, it has been argued that hyper-fragmentation actually aides consolidation by ensuring that no group can come to dominate the apparatus of the state. Conversely, many homogenous small states have dominant cultural codes that, when combined with the personalization of politics, stifle pluralism and dissent. So, homogeneity is not a perquisite for democracy any more than economic growth is.

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22

Ní Chaoimh, Eadaoin. The Legislative Priority Rule and the EU Internal Market for Goods. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856210.001.0001.

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Abstract The process of integrating the internal market for goods is intrinsically bound up with the question of how to divide and exercise public power without undermining free movement. The founding Treaties allow for this debate to play out by both protecting the free movement of goods and allowing for national regulatory input. The EU legislator is also empowered to resolve persisting tensions in this field between diversity and centralization, market integration, and market regulation, and as regards the question of who decides. As guarantor of the rule of law, the European Court of Justice must pay heed to such legislative input in a manner that preserves both the principle of institutional balance and the hierarchy of norms. To do so, it often relies on the Legislative Priority Rule as its constitutional compass. Founded on the principles of pre-emption and the presumption of constitutionality, this Rule casts exhaustive EU (product) legislation as the Court’s sole norm of reference to resolve regulatory disputes, to the exclusion of Articles 34–36 TFEU. To avoid any resulting normative inversion, EU (product) legislation must be acknowledged as accommodating a more complex vertical distribution of power than what is often assumed. To this end, the book suggests replacing harmonization models with a new framework to improve the description of EU product legislation and the assessment of its impact, and to facilitate transparent and Treaty-compliant dispute resolution.

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23

Uncertainty, Diversity and the Common Good: Changing Norms and New Leadership Paradigms. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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24

Bleijenbergh, Inge, and Sandra L. Fielden. Examining Diversity in Organizations from Critical Perspectives. Edited by Regine Bendl, Inge Bleijenbergh, Elina Henttonen, and Albert J. Mills. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199679805.013.23.

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In this chapter we discuss how examining diversity in organizations from critical perspectives influences all phases of the research process. It affects the framing of research questions, the selection of research strategies, the collection of sources and analysis of data, the assessment of the role of the researcher and the theoretical contribution the research makes. Examining diversity in organizations from critical perspectives calls for research questions that, for example, examine organizational norms, reveal the intersection of different identity categories, or examine the interplay between agency and structure. They authors plea for taking the empirical perspective of the marginalized ‘other’ in the centre of the analysis and for an active reflection upon the role of the researchers in producing knowledge. Such an approach would takes both the agency of the researcher and the examined into consideration.

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25

Zanoni, Patrizia, and Koen Van Laer. Collecting Narratives and Writing Stories of Diversity. Edited by Regine Bendl, Inge Bleijenbergh, Elina Henttonen, and Albert J. Mills. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199679805.013.9.

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Drawing on the personal accounts of researchers of diversity, this chapter discusses the praxis of doing qualitative diversity research. First, it discusses how during a process of socialization, researchers are exposed to norms which promote certain research practices important to achieve the status of ‘good academic’. Second, it discusses the ambiguous and unstable power and identity dynamics characterizing qualitative research on diversity. Third, the chapter addresses the issue of translating research findings into writing, and highlights how in this process, authors have significant power, yet are also regulated in particular directions by academic conventions. Fourth, it discusses the issue of reflexivity, highlighting how it can not only be practiced in a ‘good’, but also a ‘bad’, and an ‘ugly’ way. In this way, this chapter highlights the identity- and power-laden difficulties and dilemmas confronting qualitative researchers in the field of diversity.

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26

Cochrane, Alasdair. Diversity and Toleration in a Sentientist Political Order. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789802.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 asks how much diversity individuals and communities ought to be afforded when it comes to their relations with animals. Since individual and group attitudes in relation to animals differ widely, it needs to be asked how much difference a sentientist political order ought to tolerate, and what it should do when any individual or political community acts outside ‘the bounds of toleration’. The chapter argues that sentient rights are minimal norms of justice which set limits on pluralism. Political communities should not tolerate individuals who violate the basic rights of sentient creatures; and the global political order should not tolerate communities who violate the basic rights of sentient creatures. However, it further claims that the types of intervention that are permissible must be constrained by considerations of efficacy and proportionality.

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27

Diversity and Standardization: Perspectives on Ancient Near Eastern Cultural History. De Gruyter Akademie Forschung, 2013.

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28

Proeschel, Claude, Francesco Piraino, and David Koussens. Religion, Law and the Politics of Ethical Diversity: Conscientious Objection and Contestation of Civil Norms. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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29

Proeschel, Claude, Francesco Piraino, and David Koussens. Religion, Law and the Politics of Ethical Diversity: Conscientious Objection and Contestation of Civil Norms. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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30

Proeschel, Claude, Francesco Piraino, and David Koussens. Religion, Law and the Politics of Ethical Diversity: Conscientious Objection and Contestation of Civil Norms. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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31

Proeschel, Claude. Religion, Law and the Politics of Ethical Diversity: Conscientious Objection and Contestation of Civil Norms. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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32

Benschop, Yvonne, Charlotte Holgersson, Marieke van den Brink, and Anna Wahl. Future Challenges for Practices of Diversity Management in Organizations. Edited by Regine Bendl, Inge Bleijenbergh, Elina Henttonen, and Albert J. Mills. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199679805.013.24.

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In this chapter, we zoom in on a set of diversity practices that prevail in organizations: training, mentoring, and networks. These practices meet scholarly critique for their lack of transformation. They are often seen as targeting ‘the Other’ employees to get them at par with majority employees, leaving the current system intact. However, it can be questioned whether values, practices and routines indeed remain intact in the organizations that engage in diversity training, mentoring, and networks. The aim of this chapter is to come to a better assessment of the transformative potential of these popular diversity practices. The notion of transformative potential means the potential for diversity practices to diminish inequalities by changing organizational work practices, norms, routines and interactions. We use the so-called 3D model that provides a systematic way of assessing diversity practices. We find that training, mentoring and networking can denote so many different things that it is as incorrect to dismiss any single of these interventions, as it is to praise them in general. We conclude that a multi-dimensional power perspective challenging structural discrimination and addressing conflicting interests is key to any diversity practice that strives for transformative change.

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33

Levesque. Des goûts et des valeurs: Ce qui préoccupe les habitants de la planète : enquête sur l'unité et la diversité des cultures : Inde, Brésil, Burkina Faso, Chine, Japon. Fondation Ch. l. Mayer, 1999.

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34

Risberg, Annette, and Sine Nørholm Just. Ambiguous Diversities. Edited by Regine Bendl, Inge Bleijenbergh, Elina Henttonen, and Albert J. Mills. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199679805.013.5.

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Taking as a starting point the assumption that ambiguity is a constitutive condition of organizational practices in general, and, more specifically, practices of diversity, this chapter offers a framework for exploring the practices and perceptions of three forms of ambiguous diversity: strategic ambiguity, contradiction, and ambivalence. Through an illustration of the framework’s empirical applicability, we find that while ambiguity as such is neither inherently good nor bad, the various forms of ambiguity have different potentials for promoting diversity in organizational settings. In particular, expressions of ambivalence seem to be well suited for fostering new and more inclusive practices of diversity.

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35

Leung, Janny H. C. Shallow Equality and Symbolic Jurisprudence in Multilingual Legal Orders. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190210335.001.0001.

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This book offers a critical perspective to the proliferation of official multilingualism in the contemporary world. Through diachronic and synchronic comparisons, it shows that official multilingualism has become a norm in the political management of linguistic diversity, but actual practices vary according to sociohistorical contexts and current power dynamics. It explains such convergences and divergences using a theory of symbolic jurisprudence, which posits that official language law has served chiefly as a discursive resource for a range of political and economic functions, such as ensuring stability, establishing legitimacy, balancing rival powers, and harnessing trade opportunities. The book goes on to examine the practical impact of official multilingualism on public institutions and legal processes and the application of linguistic equality—frequently asserted in multilingual polities—on the ground. The study shows that serious pursuit of linguistic equality calls for elaborate administrative effort in public institutions and carries a potential to clash with existing legal practices (from legal drafting and interpretation, to language rights in trial proceedings). However, such changes—however extensive—hardly ever disrupt the status quo. The book further argues that linguistic equality as proclaimed and practiced in many polities today is shallow in character, and must not be confused with popular conceptions of equality. The book concludes that both symbolic jurisprudence and shallow equality are components of a policy of strategic pluralism that underlies official multilingualism. Although official multilingualism can legitimately be used to pursue collective goals, it runs the underlying risks of disguising substantive inequalities and displacing more progressive efforts in social change.

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36

Martschukat, Jürgen. American Fatherhood. Translated by Petra Goedde. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479892273.001.0001.

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This book explains the unbending ideal of the nuclear family and how it has seeped so deeply into American society and consciousness without ever becoming the actual norm for most people in the nation. It presents the rich diversity of family lives in American history from the American Revolution to the twenty-first century and at the same time the persistence and normative power of the nuclear family model. American society—one of the major arguments—is “governed through the family,” and to govern, in this sense, is “to structure the possible field of action.” To make this broad examination of the discourse and practice of the family in American life more accessible, this book focuses on the relations of fathers, families, and society. Throughout American history “the father” has been posed as provider and moral leader of his family, American society, and the nation. At the same time power and difference were established around “the father,” and fatherhood meant many different things for different people. To tell this history of fatherhood, families, and American society, the author presents biographical “close-ups” of twelve iconic characters, embedded in contextual “long shots” so that readers can see the enduring power of the family and father ideals along with the complexity and varieties of everyday life in American history. Each protagonist covers a crucial period or event in American history, presents a different family constellation, and makes a different argument with regard to how American society is governed through the family.

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Boyer-Kassem, Thomas, Conor Mayo-Wilson, and Michael Weisberg, eds. Scientific Collaboration and Collective Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680534.001.0001.

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Descartes once argued that, with sufficient effort and skill, a single scientist could uncover fundamental truths about our world. Contemporary science proves the limits of this claim. From synthesizing the human genome to predicting the effects of climate change, some current scientific research requires the collaboration of hundreds (if not thousands) of scientists with various specializations. Additionally, the majority of published scientific research is now coauthored, including more than 80% of articles in the natural sciences. Small collaborative teams have become the norm in science. This is the first volume to address critical philosophical questions about how collective scientific research could be organized differently and how it should be organized. For example, should scientists be required to share knowledge with competing research teams? How can universities and grant-giving institutions promote successful collaborations? When hundreds of researchers contribute to a discovery, how should credit be assigned—and can minorities expect a fair share? When collaborative work contains significant errors or fraudulent data, who deserves blame? In this collection of essays, leading philosophers of science address these critical questions, among others. Their work extends current philosophical research on the social structure of science and contributes to the growing, interdisciplinary field of social epistemology. The volume’s strength lies in the diversity of its authors’ methodologies. Employing detailed case studies of scientific practice, mathematical models of scientific communities, and rigorous conceptual analysis, contributors to this volume study scientific groups of all kinds, including small labs, peer-review boards, and large international collaborations like those in climate science and particle physics.

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Luciana, Percovich, Petronio Franca, and Damiani Cesarina, eds. Donne del nord, donne del sud: Verso una politica della relazione tra diversità, solidarietà e conflitto. Milano: F. Angeli, 1994.

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39

Kirchhoff, Thomas, and Kristian Köchy, eds. Wünschenswerte Vielheit. Verlag Karl Alber, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783495837580.

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Der Band analysiert – im Hinblick auf die aktuellen Debatten um Biodiversität –, welche Bedeutungen und Funktionen den Konzepten der »Diversität«, »Vielheit« und »Vielfalt« als Kategorie, Befund und Norm zukommen. Dazu rücken die Buchbeiträge die komplexen begriffs- und ideengeschichtlichen Hintergründe dieser Konzepte in den Blick, indem sie die für die Thematik zentralen philosophischen Programme von Aristoteles, Ockham, Kant, Leibniz, Bergson und Whitehead jeweils systemimmanent und im Zusammenhang mit ihren biologischen Bezugsebenen betrachten.

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40

Finck, Michèle. SNAs in the Contemporary European Union. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810896.003.0002.

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The present chapter introduces the book’s subject of analysis: subnational authorities (SNAs). It will illustrate the highly variegated nature of local and regional authorities in the various Member States, the status and competences of which vary significantly depending on the context at stake. Notwithstanding this diversity, virtually all SNAs share one characteristic: their jurisgenerative capacity. SNAs produce norms that coexist with norms at other levels, including EU law. The chapter subsequently investigates various modes of interaction between SNAs and the European Union, such as SNAs’ participation in the Committee of the Regions. A key mechanism allowing SNAs to exert influence in international relations is their participation in transnational networks.

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41

Heath, Anthony F., Elisabeth Garratt, Ridhi Kashyap, Yaojun Li, and Lindsay Richards. The Challenge of Social Corrosion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805489.003.0008.

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Has increasing inequality and ethnic diversity served to corrode social cohesion in Britain? The evidence discussed in this chapter suggests that in many respects, such as levels of national pride, social trust, and civic engagement, Britain has not in fact changed all that much since the 1950s and 1960s. Nor is Britain all that out of line with peer countries. However, there are long-standing problems of social division, low trust, and disconnection from politics, albeit sometimes taking new forms. In some respects, then, Britain is not all that cohesive. Moreover, there are some new emerging challenges such as declining election turnout, especially among young people, and declining sense of British identity in Ireland and Scotland. However, these emerging challenges cannot be blamed on inequality and diversity. Instead, the explanations, and the solutions, are more likely to be specific and political.

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42

Cohen, Richard I., ed. Liora R. Halperin, Babel in Zion: Jews, Nationalism, and Language Diversity in Palestine, 1920–1948. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015. 313 pp. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0057.

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This chapter reviews the book Babel in Zion: Jews, Nationalism, and Language Diversity in Palestine, 1920–1948 (2015), by Liora R. Halperin. In Babel in Zion, Halperin explores the multilingual scene in the Jewish settlement in Palestine (the Yishuv) during the Mandate period. Halperin’s book aims to elucidate “the dynamics of linguistic diversity in a society officially committed to the promotion of a single tongue,” taking into account the fact that Hebrew, despite the proclaimed pro-Hebrew consensus, actually functioned within a complex setting of relationships—not only with a variety of immigrant languages among the Jewish population but also with Arabic and English. Babel in Zion does not assume a dichotomy between ideology and practice, nor does it deal with the attempts to eradicate other languages in order to promote Hebrew. Instead, its focus is on the social reality of multilingualism.

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43

Bruce, Steve. The Secularization of the West. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805687.003.0001.

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The decline of religion, common across the developed world and now evident even in the USA, is not an accident and nor is it the work of committed atheists. It is an unintended consequence of a series of subtle long-run social changes, such as an increase in religious diversity and religion’s loss of social functions and problem-solving expertise. Modernization changes the status and nature of religion in ways that weaken it and make it difficult to pass it successfully from generation to generation. The meaning of such key terms as secularization, secularism, and secularity is clarified, as is the difference between world-affirming and world-rejecting new religions.

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Thomas, Jakana L. Women’s Participation in Political Violence. Edited by Derek S. Reveron, Nikolas K. Gvosdev, and John A. Cloud. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190680015.013.8.

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Women have a complicated relationship with violence. While they are affected by conflict disproportionately, they are also perpetrators and enablers of violence. These female militants are not rare nor are they aberrations. Countless women have contributed to wars fought from antiquity to the present. Yet, their impact on the security realm is often overlooked or underestimated. This oversight is consequential as it is impossible to truly understand international relations without considering women’s diverse contributions to global politics. This chapter examines female participation in the execution of political violence across time and space and discusses how gender diversity in conflicts across the world affects U.S. national security.

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Hawamdeh, Suliman, Jeonghyun Kim, and Xin Wang. Foundations of the Information and Knowledge Professions. University of North Texas, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12794/sps.ot-information-knowledge-professions.

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This textbook examines the history, roles and scope of the information and knowledge professions. Basic concepts and issues, including the impact of information technology on the individual, intellectual freedom, privacy and diversity are discussed. Legal and ethical aspects of managing information and knowledge organizations are examined. The goal of this textbook is to facilitate LIS students in developing in-depth understanding of Library and Information Sciences as a discipline; develop creative and critical thinking capabilities through exploring various IS topics independently, critically, and creatively; analyzing, synthesizing, and presenting information in a logical, coherent, and professional manner; understanding the life cycle and norms of research activities and practicing scholarly communication skills; developing team-building skills and introducing them to professional societies and associations.

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SuÁRez, Isabel Carrera. Multicultural and Transnational Novels. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679775.003.0027.

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This chapter examines the history of multicultural and transnational novels in Canada. Several decades after multiculturalism was established as a political structure and defining feature of the Canadian nation, the term is no longer appropriate to designate all writing outside the former Anglo-Protestant norm without evoking a hierarchy that belies Canadian self-definition, as sanctioned by the Multiculturalism Act of 1988. Canadian literature is therefore multicultural in its national dimension while, individually, authors and novels are Canadian. The term ‘transnational’, by contrast, raises altogether different questions, as it aims to transcend the nationalist project underpinning multiculturalism. The chapter first considers Canadian multicultural novels published during the period 1950–1970, a time of nation-building, before discussing the accelerated pace at which Canadian fiction began to evolve and diversify in the 1980s. It also analyses how the rhetoric of Canadianness changed in the 1980s and 1990s, embracing transnationalism and new intersectional theories of post-national and individual indentity.

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Ware, Susan. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199328338.003.0001.

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The Introduction explains how this VSI highlights the diversity of American women's experiences as continually shaped by factors such as race, class, religion, geographical location, age, and sexual orientation. Without downplaying the historical constraints and barriers blocking women's advancement, the story emphasizes women as active agents rather than passive victims throughout U.S. history. It is neither possible nor desirable to write about women in isolation from men or separate from national events and trends. Instead women's stories link to larger themes at the same time they often challenge them. By fully integrating these stories into the broader national story, a richer understanding of U.S. history in all its complexity will be achieved.

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Dwyer, James G. Regulating Child Rearing in a Culturally Diverse Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786429.003.0014.

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Common complaints against state agencies that regulate parental conduct are that they are insensitive to cultural diversity, unfairly force adult members of cultural minorities to conform to majoritarian norms, and consequently both disrupt parent–child relationships to children's detriment and threaten the very survival of minority cultures. This chapter will address the difficult question of whether and to what extent state agencies should modify child-welfare standards to fit different practices of minority cultural groups. Answering this question entails: clarifying the state’s role generally in the lives of non-autonomous persons, considering who is the best alternative decision maker for them, articulating the value commitments of modern liberal societies, assessing the appropriateness of applying those commitments to state regulation of care for non-autonomous persons, and critically examining claims of adult entitlement to dictate the course of particular young persons’ lives.

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Hagbjer, Eva, and Anna Krohwinkel. When Market Organization Does Not Help: High Ambitions and Challenges in the Market for Eldercare. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815761.003.0011.

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In this chapter, we discuss the organization of markets for publicly financed services, inspired by the model of the ‘perfect market’, with the Swedish eldercare sector as our example. We demonstrate how market organizers try to compensate for a malfunctioning price mechanism by gathering and disseminating information through the use of rules, membership, and monitoring. In trying to imitate the perfect market as closely as possible, regardless of the preferences of buyers and sellers, market organizers emphasized simplified and, most notably, comparable information. These attempts contributed to greater homogenization of eldercare services, thereby counteracting the greater diversity and customization that was an original aim of the marketization reform. The result is a market that satisfies neither its creators nor the eldercare users it was meant to serve.

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Robinson, Margaret. Bisexual People. Edited by Adrian Thatcher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199664153.013.016.

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Although bisexuals make up over half of sexual minority people, theology has not adequately addressed the experiences of bisexual people, nor the bisexual theory and theology that we have produced. The diversity and social locations within which concepts of bisexual theory, such as compulsory monosexism, emerge are described, drawing on data from psychology and the social sciences. Through a systematic review of Christian discourse on bisexuality, this chapter demonstrates how bisexuality has been constructed as immature, promiscuous, and as morally and politically inadequate. Key themes are identified in the bisexual theologies of scholars such as Marcella Althaus-Reid, Ibrahim Abdurrahman Farajajé, and Debra Kolodny, and their significance for broader faith communities and justice movements is clarified. Finally, directions for further bisexual theological work are identified.

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Books on the topic 'Diversity norm'

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