Academic literature on the topic 'Diversity norm'
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Journal articles on the topic "Diversity norm"
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Tebartz van Elst, Ludger. "Disease, Human Norm, and Human Diversity in Neuropsychiatry." Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences 4, no. 2 (2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/ptsc-2017-0003.
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Rolin, Kristina. "Diversity and Dissent in the Social Sciences." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 41, no. 4 (September 8, 2010): 470–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393110381212.
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I introduce a case study from organization studies to argue that social epistemologists’ recommendation to cultivate diversity and dissent in science is unlikely to be welcomed in the social sciences unless it is coupled with another epistemic ideal: the norm of epistemic responsibility. The norm of epistemic responsibility enables me to show that organization scholars’ concern with the fragmentation of their discipline is generated by false assumptions: the assumption that a diversity of theoretical approaches will lead to fragmentation and the assumption that an imposed consensus on a theoretical approach is needed to maintain the unity of the discipline.
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Briolat, Emmanuelle S., Emily R. Burdfield-Steel, Sarah C. Paul, Katja H. Rönkä, Brett M. Seymoure, Theodore Stankowich, and Adam M. M. Stuckert. "Diversity in warning coloration: selective paradox or the norm?" Biological Reviews 94, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 388–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12460.
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Ohk, Kyungyoung. "Influence of Accessibility, Subject Norm, and Social Norm to Use Diversity or Usage of Internet Contents." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 13, no. 5 (May 28, 2013): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2013.13.05.443.
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Winter, Fabian, and Nan Zhang. "Social norm enforcement in ethnically diverse communities." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 11 (February 26, 2018): 2722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718309115.
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Recent waves of immigration to Western nations have fueled a debate over the consequences of ethnic diversity for social cohesion. One prominent argument in this debate holds that diversity is detrimental to trust and cooperation because individuals in heterogeneous communities face difficulties in enforcing social norms across ethnic lines. We examine this proposition in a field experiment involving real-life interactions among residents of multiethnic German neighborhoods. We find significant ethnic asymmetries in the pattern of norm enforcement: Members of the majority “native” German population are more active in sanctioning norm violations, while ethnic minorities are more likely to find themselves the target of sanctions. We interpret these results in light of prevailing status inequalities between ethnic minorities and the native majority. We further calculate that, as a result of ethnic discrimination, social control is likely to rise in communities with moderate minority population shares.
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Xie, Yuan, Kan Xie, and Shengli Xie. "Underdetermined blind separation of source using lp-norm diversity measures." Neurocomputing 411 (October 2020): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2020.06.029.
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Patenaude, Johane, Georges-Auguste Legault, Monelle Parent, Jean-Pierre Béland, Suzanne Kocsis Bédard, Christian Bellemare, Louise Bernier, Charles-Etienne Daniel, Pierre Dagenais, and Hubert Gagnon. "OP104 Health Technology Assessment's Ethical Evaluation: Understanding The Diversity Of Approaches." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317001738.
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INTRODUCTION:The main difficulties encountered in the integration of ethics in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) were identified in our systematic review. In the process of analyzing these difficulties we then addressed the question of the diversity of ethical approaches (1) and the difficulties in their operationalization (2,3).METHODS:Nine ethical approaches were identified: principlism, casuistry, coherence analysis, wide reflexive equilibrium, axiology, socratic approach, triangular method, constructive technology assessment and social shaping of technology. Three criteria were used to clarify the nature of each of these approaches: 1.The characteristics of the ethical evaluation2.The disciplinary foundation of the ethical evaluation3.The operational process of the ethical evaluation in HTA analysis.RESULTS:In HTA, both norm-based ethics and value-based ethics are mobilized. This duality is fundamental since it proposes two different ethical evaluations: the first is based on the conformity to a norm, whereas the second rests on the actualization of values. The disciplinary foundation generates diversity as philosophy, sociology and theology propose different justifications for ethical evaluation. At the operational level, ethical evaluation's characteristics are applied to the case at stake by specific practical reasoning. In a norm-based practical reasoning, one must substantiate the facts that will be correlated to a moral norm for clearly identifying conformity or non-conformity. In value-based practical reasoning, one must identify the impacts of the object of assessment that will be subject to ethical evaluation. Two difficulties arise: how to apply values to facts and prioritize amongst conflicting ethical evaluations of the impacts?CONCLUSIONS:Applying these three criteria to ethical approaches in HTA helps understanding their complexity and the difficulty of operationalizing them in HTA tools. The choice of any ethical evaluations is never neutral; it must be justified by a moral point of view. Developing tools for ethics in HTA is operationalizing a specific practical reasoning in ethics.
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Pazó, Diego, Miguel A. Rodríguez, and Juan M. López. "Maximizing the Statistical Diversity of an Ensemble of Bred Vectors by Using the Geometric Norm." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 1507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jas3729.1.
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Abstract It is shown that the choice of the norm has a great impact on the construction of ensembles of bred vectors. The geometric norm maximizes (in comparison with other norms such as the Euclidean one) the statistical diversity of the ensemble while at the same time it enhances the growth rate of the bred vector and its projection on the linearly most unstable direction (i.e., the Lyapunov vector). The geometric norm is also optimal in providing the least fluctuating ensemble dimension among all the spectrum of norms studied. The results are exemplified with numerical integrations of a toy model of the atmosphere (the Lorenz-96 model), but these findings are expected to be generic for spatially extended chaotic systems.
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Budilovskaya, Olga V., Elena V. Shipitsyna, Ekaterina N. Gerasimova, Margarita M. Safronova, and Alevtina M. Savicheva. "Species diversity of vaginal lactobacilli in norm and in dysbiotic states." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 66, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd66224-32.
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Introduction. In healthy women of reproductive age, the vaginal microflora is represented mainly by lactobacilli. They provide a barrier function, preventing the propagation of opportunistic pathogens and the colonization of the vagina by pathogenic microorganisms. It is shown that the lactobacillary microflora of the vagina is very diverse, but not all species of lactobacilli can provide reliable protection of the female organism.
Objective: to characterize the species and quantitative composition of vaginal lactobacilli of women of reproductive age in norm and in dysbiosis.
Material and methods. The study involved 123 patients from polyclinic departments of the D.O. Ott Reasearch Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology. For analysis of clinical material (vaginal discharge) for lactobacilli and other microorganisms, quantitative real-time PCR was used.
Results. The most common types of lactobacilli are Lactobacillus jensenii, L. Iners, L. crispatus, L. vaginalis and L. gasseri. Species diversity of lactobacilli (detection of ≥2 species) is observed much more often in women with physiological microbiocenosis than in women with vaginal dysbiosis. Our study confirms that L. crispatus is the dominant species of the vaginal biotope of healthy women, while in dysbiosis the species L. gasseri and L. Iners are most often identified.
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Plotnikof, Mie, Sara Louise Muhr, Lotte Holck, and Sine Nørholm Just. "Repoliticizing diversity work? Exploring the performative potentials of norm‐critical activism." Gender, Work & Organization 29, no. 2 (November 16, 2021): 466–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12771.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Diversity norm"
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Mette, Anthony. "Normativité de l'acceptation de l'homosexualité dans le sport : étude des déterminants psychologiques, interpersonnels et environnementaux des attitudes des sportifs envers les gays et les lesbiennes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0225/document.
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L'objectif de cette recherche est d'étudier, chez les sportifs, les déterminants des attitudes envers l'homosexualité. Au regard des niveaux de Doise, il est attendu la proposition d’un modèle prédictif des déterminants à différents niveaux : intra personnel, interpersonnel, positionnel et idéologique. Le travail comporte 4 volets : 1) une étude préliminaire auprès de 322 personnes permettant la validation d'un outil de mesure des attitudes envers les gays et les lesbiennes, 2) une étude auprès de 1002 sportifs analysant les déterminants des attitudes notamment en distinguant le sport masculin et le sport féminin, 3) une étude sur la mise au jour des normes envers l'homosexualité, 4) une étude auprès de 572 footballeurs proposant un modèle prédictif des attitudes envers les gays et les lesbiennes, incluant le rôle de l’entraineur et des processus collectifs. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats indiquent une nette différence dans l'acceptation de l'homosexualité en fonction du sexe. La normativité est le principal prédicteur des attitudes, tendant vers une grande acceptation chez les femmes et une conservation de l'hétérosexisme chez les hommes. Ainsi, dans le cadre du sport masculin, l'homosexualité apparaît comme un stigmate non protégé, lié directement à la dynamique de groupe. De plus, l’hétérosexisme est étroitement lié au sexisme, à la religion et au racisme. En ce sens, il paraît primordial de mettre en place des actions de sensibilisation et de formations auprès des athlètes et des entraîneurs. Ces actions pourront s’effectuer sous l’angle général de la gestion de la diversité dans le sportThe objective of this research is to study, among athletes, determinants of attitudes towards homosexuality. With respect to levels of Doise, it is expected the proposal of a predictive model of the determinants at different levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, positional and ideological.The work consists of 4 components: 1) a preliminary study of 322 people for the validation of a tool for measuring attitudes toward gays and lesbians, 2) a survey of 1002 athletes analyzing the determinants of attitudes toward homosexuals, distinguishing men's sports and women's sports, 3) a study on the discovery social norms towards homosexuality in sport, 4) a survey of 572 football players offering a predictive model of attitudes toward gays and lesbians, including the role of the trainer and group processes.Overall, the results indicate a clear difference between women and men athletes in the acceptance of homosexuality. Normativity is the main predictor of attitudes, tending towards a greater acceptance among women and preservation of heterosexism in men. Thus, in the masculine sport, homosexuality appears unprotected stigma directly related to group dynamics. In addition, heterosexism is closely related to sexism, racism and religion.In this sense, it seems important to develop awareness and training with athletes and coaches. These actions may be carried out under the general terms of the management of diversity in sport
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Johansson, Ida. "Lika barn leka bäst, olika barn hittar på de bästa lekarna : En kvalitativ studie om etnisk mångfald inom industrisektorn." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80726.
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Picchetti, Yara de Paula. "Reiterações e transgressões à heteronormatividade na escola em tempos de educação para diversidade." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/106452.
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Esta dissertação trata de modos de funcionamento da norma no campo da sexualidade e relações de gênero em um contexto institucional e político-social de educação para diversidade, em que reiterações e transgressões à heteronormatividade são cotidianamente exercidas. Na contemporaneidade observa-se uma acentuada discursividade acerca das diversidades sexuais e de gênero, com valorização do assunto tanto na mídia quanto na agenda de políticas públicas. Nesta conjuntura, como uma das mais legitimadas instituições de nossa época, a escola é tomada como um espaço estratégico de luta e vem sendo convocada a discutir sexualidade e relações de gênero, gerando possibilidades de tensionamentos da temática no campo da educação. Porém, discursos, instituições e práticas são organizadas de forma heteronormativa em nossa sociedade e a atuação da norma pode provocar arranjos inusitados neste contexto de um projeto de educação para diversidade. Sob a égide da inclusão escolar e através de práticas pedagógicas para diversidade, “novas” sexualidades têm se tornado inteligíveis e aceitáveis, proporcionando reconhecimento e acesso a direitos a sujeitos antes marginalizados ou considerados abjetos. Mas, se por um lado a afirmação identitária e a defesa dos direitos humanos promovem o alargamento dos limites do considerado socialmente normal e a convivência de sujeitos outrora segregados com ampliação do nosso regime democrático, por outro lado também facilitam a normalização dos sujeitos, especificando-os e conformando modos de vida. A partir de uma perspectiva pós- estruturalista com aporte principalmente dos estudos foucaultianos, utilizei estratégias etnográficas em uma escola estadual da cidade de Porto Alegre com o objetivo de apreender e analisar o funcionamento de normas de sexualidade e gênero em um contexto eminentemente preocupado com uma educação para diversidade. Discuto como a heteronormatividade atravessa o dispositivo da sexualidade e se reatualiza por meio da pressuposição de heterossexualidade, pela marcação dos sujeitos que dissidem da norma, pela reafirmação de categorizações em padrões binários de sexualidade e gênero e pela domesticação da diversidade. Como a reiteração da norma é um processo nunca idêntico ao anteriormente exercido e nem completamente acabado, a eventual transgressão à norma e emersão do novo é sempre uma possibilidade instaurada nas práticas cotidianas.This dissertation deals of modes of operartion in the norm field of sexuality and gender relations in an institutional and political-social context of education for diversity, in which reiterations and transgressions to heteronormativity are exercised routinely. In contemporary times there is a sharp discourse about sexual and gender diversity with an appreciation of the subject both in the media and in the public policy agenda. At this juncture, as one of most legitimate institutions of our time, the school is taken as a strategic space of struggle and has been convened to discuss sexuality and gender relations, generating possibilities of the thematic tensions in the field of education. However, discourses, institutions and practices are organized in a heteronormative way in our society and the actions of the standard may cause unusual arrangements in this context of a project of education for diversity. Under the aegis of school inclusion and through pedagogical practices for diversity, "new" sexualities have become intelligible and acceptable, providing recognition and access to rights to subjects previously marginalized or considered abject. But, if on one hand the identity affirmation and defense of human rights promote the expansion of the limits considered socially normal and the coexistence of subjects yore segregated with expansion of our democratic system, on the other hand also facilitate normalization of subjects, specifying and conforming the ways of life. From a poststructuralist perspective with input primarily from Foucault studies, I used ethnographic strategies in a public school in the city of Porto Alegre with the goal of understanding and analyzing the operation of norms of sexuality and gender in a context eminently concerned with education for diversity. I discuss how heteronormativity goes through the device of sexuality and renews through the presupposition of heterosexuality, by the marking of subjects that disagree with the norm, by the reaffirmation of categorizations in binary patterns of sexuality and gender and the domestication of diversity. As the reiteration of the norm is a process never identical to the previously exercised and not quite finished, the eventual transgression of the norm and emergence of the new is always a possibility brought in daily practices.
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Strömbäck, Linn, and Lovisa Oldaeus. "A Native Speaker Norm Approach vs. an Intercultural Approach in the English K-3 classroom in Sweden." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33488.
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In a world that is becoming more cosmopolitan, pedagogical approaches, particularly those that focus on diversity of cultures, have become paramount. As a result, this study attempts to gain insight into what pedagogical approaches K-3 teachers in Sweden use during their English lessons, and whether these approaches are more native speaker or interculturally focused and why that is. Initially, this degree project presents an overview of previous research made on the Native Speaker norm approach and the Intercultural approach. The findings show that the Native Speaker norm approach is more commonly used than the Intercultural approach. However, as English is a language used worldwide, the teaching of it should include content relatable to non-native speakers as well. Nevertheless, the Intercultural approach is relatively new and teachers still need the training and the tools to implement it. This paper builds on the content from interviews of three K-3 teachers and one assisting principal in different parts of Sweden. The main conclusions of this study are that (I) the teachers predominantly use a Native Speaker norm approach due to tradition; (II) the teachers lack training and knowledge of how to implement an Intercultural approach and, consequently, they do not know how to use it; (III) the teaching materials provided by the schools have an impact on what approach the teachers use; (IV) the teachers’ English teaching leaves their pupils struggling in coming to terms with their own identity in a global context, as well as appreciating norms and English varieties other than that of Standard English.
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Bertilsson, Elina, and Jenny Korhonen. ""Jag är inte den tjejen" : En kvalitativ fallstudie hos Gästrike Räddningstjänst." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26949.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how career listings are interpreted from a recipient perspective. We intend to investigate if Gästrike Räddningstjänst’s job advertisements create ideas about the firefighter. The study aims to answer the following questions: How are gender, norm and sexes conveyed in two job ads from Gästrike Räddningstjänst? What conceptions about the firefighter does the recipient who reads the job ads create? How do women in the ages of 20–25 years, who are living in Gävle interpret job ads from Gästrike Räddningstjänst, in relation to a norm breaking employment advertisement? Theoretical introduction: This case study has been based on several theories about gender, norms and the biological gender. Material and method: Barthes semiotic model for denotation and connotation are being used for image analysis. The study is based on two employment advertisements from Gästrike Räddningstjänst and reception analysis with semi structured interviews. The interviews have been conducted with six informants. Stuart Halls reception model are being used for analysing the interviews. Result: Through image and text analysis we were able to identify that the job ads from Gästrike Räddningstjänst conveys gender and norm throughout image and text, and both combined. This case study has demonstrated that Gästrike Räddningstjänst's employment advertisements create conceptions about whom the firefighter is. By creating a job ad that challenges the standard of communicating the firefighter the informants did not only negotiate about who can become a firefighter but also about gender equality and diversity.
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Ring, Anna, and Wrede Salem Kuflu. "Den önskvärda och icke-önskvärda medborgaren : En diskursanalys av ett läromedel i samhällskunskap åk 4-6." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för de humanistiska och samhällsvetenskapliga ämnenas didaktik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-181033.
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Pettersson, Aillinora, and Micaela Kimström. ""Genusböcker finns det ju gott om" : Förskollärares uppfattningar om normkritiskt arbete med barnlitteratur." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Pedagogik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29072.
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Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur förskollärare uppfattar begreppet normkritik och hur de tillämpar det i arbetet med barnlitteratur i förskolan. Forskning kring det normkritiska perspektivet visar att det krävs stor medvetenhet kring normer och privilegier för att vi inte omedvetet istället förstärker normer och skapa utanförskap. Tidigare forskning har visat att förskollärare tycker att det är svårt att implementera normkritiska arbetssätt på ett enkelt sätt i förskolans vardag. De upplever heller inte att de har tillräckligt med utbildning eller förståelse för ämnet. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer och en tillämpning av normkritiskt perspektiv i analysen har vi undersökt vilka normer som lyfts i samtalet kring begreppet normkritik och vilka normer som inte nämns. Studien undersöker även förskollärares uppfattningar om arbetet med barnlitteratur ur ett normkritiskt perspektiv. Empirin består av tio intervjuer av förskollärare i geografiskt olika områden i Sverige. Undersökningen visar att förskollärare definierar normkritik på tre olika sätt. De beskriver normkritik som ett förhållningssätt, en medvetenhet om egna privilegier och fördomar och som ett synliggörande av normer och strukturer. Studien visar att alla förskollärare i undersökningen anser att de har förståelse för ämnet, antingen genom utbildningen eller eget intresse. I studien framkommer det att genus är den norm som uppmärksammas mest, både i definitionen av normkritik och i förskollärarnas uppfattningar om arbetet med barnlitteratur. Vi kan också se att fortbildning i normkritik behövs för att ge förskollärarna bättre förutsättningar att välja bra litteratur till förskolan.Fastställt via akademichefsbeslut HIG-STYR 2019/7 den 2019-01-07
Daniel Petterson, fil dr, univ. lekt Pedagogik och Erika Björklund, fil dr, univ. lekt Pedagogik går in som examinatorer på PEG700 under veckorna 1 till och med 3, 2019 då Peter Gill, prof. Pedagogik, gått i pension från och med 2019-01-01.
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Boixel, Anne-Lise. "Environmental heterogeneity, a driver of adaptation to temperature in foliar plant pathogen populations?" Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASA010.
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Les facteurs environnementaux, au premier rang desquels la température, ont un impact sur la biologie des micro-organismes foliaires. Ils peuvent aussi modifier significativement leurs dynamiques populationnelles, voire leurs trajectoires évolutives. Classiquement, les modèles épidémiologiques, utilisés pour mieux gérer les maladies des plantes, intègrent l’influence des conditions météorologiques. Ils s’intéressent surtout à des réponses et des effets moyennés, ne tenant compte ni des variations des réponses individuelles, ni de l’hétérogénéité des changements environnementaux aux échelles réellement perçues par les agents pathogènes. Ces deux niveaux de simplification sont acceptables lorsque les états individuels et les variables continues qui leur sont associées, peu diversifiés, sont représentatifs de ceux de l'ensemble de la population. Il en va différemment lorsque les populations présentent des niveaux substantiels de variation individuelle susceptibles d’influencer leur capacité à s’adapter à leur environnement, et, par voie de conséquence, la dynamique des épidémies sous un climat fluctuant ou changeant. Pour mettre en évidence les conséquences de ces hypothèses réductrices, j’ai étudié comment la variation individuelle et l'hétérogénéité environnementale affectent simultanément la fitness, la composition phénotypique et la résilience des populations d'un agent pathogène foliaire (Zymoseptoria tritici) dans des couverts de blé. Trois étapes clés ont structuré l’exploration de ce cas d’étude. Tout d’abord, un protocole in vitro de phénotypage haut débit a été spécifiquement développé, validé et utilisé pour caractériser la diversité des réponses à la température de populations de Z. tritici échantillonnées à des échelles climatiques contrastées (variation spatiale et saisonnière) ainsi que leurs patrons d’adaptation. Les variations environnementales spatio-temporelles rencontrées dans les couverts de blé, considérées comme exerçant des pressions sélectives différentielles sur ces sensibilités thermiques individuelles, ont ensuite été examinées. Enfin, la façon dont la sélection de « thermotypes » (groupes fonctionnels rassemblant des individus présentant une même sensibilité thermique) détermine la dynamique adaptative des populations en réponse à l'hétérogénéité environnementale a été étudiée. Pour cela, des approches expérimentales (in vitro, in planta et in natura) et de modélisation (in silico) ont été couplées. Elles ont notamment porté sur plusieurs générations de populations placées dans des environnements sélectifs de plus en plus complexes. Ces travaux ont montré que le fait de négliger l'amplitude réelle de la variation phénotypique inter-individuelle d'une population microbienne et l'hétérogénéité des pressions de sélection, s’exerçant des échelles phyllo- à mésoclimatiques, conduit à sous-estimer la résilience de cette population, et donc son potentiel adaptatif. Les résultats de cette thèse, à l’interface entre épidémiologie, micrométéorologie et écologie, améliorent notre compréhension d’une part, de l'importance de la variation individuelle dans la dynamique adaptative des populations et, d’autre part, de la manière dont l'hétérogénéité environnementale permet de maintenir des populations globalement très diverses. Elle permet finalement d’expliquer l’existence de patrons d’adaptation, à la fois à des échelles locales et à des échelles très larges, par des dynamiques adaptatives «à deux vitesses»Environmental drivers, most notably temperature, affect the biology of phyllosphere microorganisms but also induce changes in their population dynamics, even in their evolutionary trajectories. The impact of climate on foliar plant disease epidemics is usually considered in forecasting models to inform management strategies. Such models focus on averages of environmental drivers but disregard both individual variation within populations and the scale and extent of biologically relevant environmental changes. These simplifications are glossing over substantial levels of individual variation that may have important consequences on the capacity of a population to adapt to environmental changes, and thus on the dynamics of epidemics in a fluctuating or changing climate. To examine the range of validity and consequences of these simplifying assumptions, I investigated how individual variation and environmental heterogeneity jointly affect fitness, phenotypic composition and resilience of populations of a foliar pathogen (Zymoseptoria tritici) inhabiting wheat canopies. Three complementary ways of exploration were adopted in this case study. First, an in vitro high-throughput phenotyping framework was developed, validated, and used to characterise the diversity in patterns of thermal responses existing across Z. tritici populations that were sampled over contrasted scales (spatial and seasonal variation of temperature). Second, the spatio-temporal thermal variations encountered in a wheat canopy, considered as a habitat exerting fluctuating selective pressures on these differential thermal sensitivities of individuals, were investigated in depth. Third, the way selection of “thermotypes” (functional groups of individuals displaying a similar thermal sensitivity) occurs and drives dynamics of Z. tritici populations was examined. To this end, both empirical (in vitro, in planta and in natura) and theoretical (in silico) competition experiments were conducted under increasingly complex selective environments. This research work demonstrates that glossing over the natural extent of individual phenotypic diversity in a phyllosphere microbial population and over the heterogeneity of selective pressures – from phyllo- to mesoclimate – leads to underestimate the resilience of this population, and thus its adaptive potential to environmental variations. In doing so, the results of this thesis, at the interface between epidemiology, micrometeorology, and ecology, improve our understanding of how important is individual variation to population dynamics and how environmental heterogeneity allows to maintain population diversity. Finally, this thesis provides insight into how large-scale patterns and local population processes are interlinked and display a “two-tier” adaptive dynamics
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Kahl, Lovisa. "Snälla, kan du inte bara sitta stilla som alla andra? : En kvalitativ textanalys av litteratur för och om barn med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66304.
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This study aims to investigate how pedagogical picture books intended for inclusion represents children with neuropsychiatric disabilities. This is investigated through in-depth analysis of four books dealing with the subject from different approaches, recommended by state libraries and the specialised educational authority. The study also aims to pay attention to the available material and to highlight what kind of image of divergent children that is beeing communicated to pre-school children and what consequences this may have. The results of the analysis may be useful in the selection of inclusion material and how the books can be practised in a norm-critical and socio-cultural approach.
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Hadjadji, Imene. "Caractérisation de la diversité génétique et écophysiologique d' Alexandrium catenella/tamarense au Nord (France) et au Sud Ouest (Algérie) de la Méditerranée." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20140/document.
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Parmi les genres responsables des efflorescences algales nuisibles, le genre Alexandrium est certainement l'un des plus importants en termes de diversité, de distribution et d'importance d'impacts. Lors de cette thèse nous avons essayé de comprendre les causes d'introduction et les facteurs favorisant l'établissement et la récurrence des blooms d'Alexandrium catenella/tamarense à travers la comparaison des efflorescences de ce complexe sur deux sites contrastés au niveau trophique : la lagune de Thau en France et la baie d'Annaba en Algérie. Afin de mieux comprendre les déterminismes environnementaux favorisant ce phénomène, une étude comparative a été réalisée à partir des données recueillies sur le terrain durant un suivi bi mensuel in situ au cours de l'année 2010-2011 et sur les données disponibles dans la littérature. La comparaison des paramètres physicochimiques entre les deux sites d'études indique que sur une période de 18 ans, le changement commun majeur qui coïncide avec l'apparition d'Alexandrium catenella est la forte diminution des concentrations en phosphore réactif dissous, ce qui peut induire une limitation de croissance des autres organismes et favoriser ainsi le développement de cette espèces. Au cours de ce travail nous avons développé un protocole d'établissement de cultures monoclonales à partir du sédiment, grâce auquel nous avons obtenu pour la première fois une trentaine de souches d'Alexandrium de la baie d'Annaba. Les analyses morphologiques et le ribotypage effectués sur ces souches ont révélé qu'il s'agit d'Alexandrium catenella du groupe IV (clade Asie tempéré). L'analyse toxinique a révélé que les concentrations et la composition en toxine de ces souches sont assez proches de celle d'A. catenella de Thau. Lors de cette thèse nous nous sommes également intéressé au rôle que peut jouer la diversité intraspécifique dans la dynamique des efflorescences au sein du complexe d'Alexandrium catenella/tamarense. Des comparaisons des taux de croissance, de phases de latence, des capacités de croissance sur différents milieux de culture sur plusieurs souches d'Alexandrium tamarense de Thau ont révélé une grande diversité intraspécifique des paramètres testés. Le profile toxinique et la croissance de nombreuses souches d'Alexandrium catenella de la baie d'Annaba ont révélé également une variabilité considérable. Les résultats de notre étude laissent supposer que la diversité intraspécifique joue un rôle fondamental avec certaines conditions environnementales dans la survie aux pressions de sélections et assurent la pérennité des blooms d'Alexandrium et leur propagation dans différents écosystèmesAmong the genera responsible for harmful algal blooms, the genus Alexandrium is certainly one of the most important in terms of diversity, distribution and significance of impacts. In this thesis we tried to understand the introduction and factors favoring the establishment and recurrence of Alexandrium catenella / tamarense blooms by comparing these events in two contrasting trophic sites: Thau lagoon in France and the Bay of Annaba in Algeria. To better understand the environmental determinism promoting this phenomenon, a comparative study was conducted using data collected in the field during a monthly parallel monitoring during the 2010-2011 year and the data available in the literature. Comparison of physicochemical parameters between the two study sites indicates that over a period of 18 years, the major common change that coincides with the appearance of Alexandrium catenella is the sharp decrease in concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus, which can limit growth of other organisms and thus promote the development of this species. In this work we developed a protocol for the establishment of monoclonal cultures from sediments by which we got for the first time thirty Alexandrium strains from Annaba bay. Morphological analysis and ribotyping performed on these strains showed that it is Alexandrium catenella group IV (temperate Asia clade). The analysis revealed that toxin concentrations and toxin composition of these strains are quite similar to that of A. catenella from Thau. In this thesis we also looked at the role that intraspecific diversity can play in the dynamics of blooms within the complex Alexandrium catenella / tamarense. Comparisons of growth rates, lag phases, capacity for growth on different culture media investigated among several strains of Alexandrium tamarense of Thau, revealed a high intraspecific diversity of parameters tested. The toxin profile and the growth of many strains of Alexandrium catenella from Annaba bay also showed considerable variability. The results of our study suggest that intraspecific diversity plays a key role along with certain environmental conditions for the survival against selection pressures and allows the sustainability of Alexandrium blooms and their propagation within different ecosystems
Books on the topic "Diversity norm"
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Ostrom, Elinor. Understanding institutional diversity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005.
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Beny, Laura. Reflections on the diversity-performance nexus among elite American law firms: Toward a theory of a diversity norm. Toronto: Law and Economics Programme, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2005.
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Bonora, Paola, Giuseppe Dematteis, and F. Boggio. Geografia dello sviluppo: Diversità e disuguaglianze nel rapporto Nord-Sud. Torino: UTET libreria, 2002.
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Blakey, Simon. Diversity and security in European energy: The case of the Nord Stream pipeline. Cambridge, Mass: CERA, 2008.
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Canada. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Towards managing diversity : a study of systemic discrimination at DIAND : report August 1991 =: Apprendre à gérer la diversité : une étude sur la discrimination systémique à l'intérieur du MAINC : rapport août 1991. Ottawa, Ont: Dept. of Indian Affairs and Northern Development = Ministère des affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien, 1991.
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Houérou, H. N. Le. Bioclimatologie et biogéographie des steppes arides du Nord de l'Afrique: Diversité biologique, développement durable et désertisation. Montpellier: Centre international de hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes, Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier, 1995.
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Catalonia (Spain). Departament de Cultura., ed. La diversitat cultural en el diàleg Nord-Sud: Ponències de la Segona Trobada de la Comissió Internacional de Difusió de la Cultura Catalana. Barcelona: Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya, 1991.
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Dolfi, Anna, ed. «Per amor di poesia (o di versi)». Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-767-2.
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Giorgio Caproni è sicuramente tra i poeti più amati del nostro Novecento. Anna Dolfi ha intercettato questa diffusa passione per coinvolgere in nuove ricerche non solo noti capronisti ma anche giovani ricercatori. Il risultato è un libro di notevole ricchezza che, assieme a una visione complessiva, propone una serie di approfondimenti ermeneutici su temi fi nora meno battuti (la memoria, i bestiari…) accostando nuove letture di testi esemplari a documenti inediti, a riflessioni sulla lingua, la poetica, le suggestioni musicali, pittoriche, mitiche, senza scordare la caproniana attività di traduzione, auto commento ed impegno civile. Una funzionale suddivisione del libro in Percorsi e attraversamenti, Letture (e immediati dintorni), Risultanze tra/dalle carte d’archivio esalta la diversità delle off erte critiche e dei serrati confronti, dei sondaggi ed esperimenti di commento, di explication de texte, e mette in rilievo la grande perizia tecnica e l’estrema profondità lirica di un autore che, tra cantabilità e dissonanze, arpeggi e apostrofi , cabalette e cadenze, svolazzi e dilazioni, vocalizzi e versicoli, riprese e congedi, loquacità e afasia, ha saputo interpretare la contraddittoria ricerca, le domande, i timori, le colpe, le ferite insanabili del nostro tempo.
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Ammannati, Francesco, ed. Religione e istituzioni religiose nell'economia europea. 1000-1800 - Religion and Religious Institutions in the European Economy. 1000-1800. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-126-3.
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La religione è senza dubbio il fenomeno culturale più importante nella storia del mondo. Essa era onnipresente nella vita quotidiana medievale e della prima età moderna. In tutte le epoche e tutte le culture, essa è stata condizionata dall’economia; per altro verso ha esercitato una profonda influenza non solo sulle teorie, ma anche sulla pratica, le consuetudini, le norme, i consumi, gli strumenti e in genere sulla complessiva organizzazione economica. Gli stessi flussi migratori, che hanno prodotto effetti e trasformazioni significative nell’assetto economico europeo sono stati in molti casi collegati a problematiche di tipo religioso. Il volume che raccoglie gli atti della Settimana di Studi datiniana esplora attraverso 44 contributi scientifici questa relazione dinamica e complessa, che coinvolse le tre principali religioni europee: Cristianesimo, Giudaismo ed Islamismo, ma anche le esperienze particolari all’interno di ogni confessione. Esse infatti conobbero, in contesti diversi, diverse interpretazioni e divergenti espressioni dogmatiche e dottrinali, cui corrisposero significative differenze nella evoluzione degli strumenti e dei rapporti economici europei e del Mediterraneo, a partire dall’inizio del secondo millennio.
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Grosse Ruse-Khan, Henning. The Protection of Intellectual Property in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663392.001.0001.
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This book examines intellectual property (IP) protection in the broader context of international law. Against the background of the debate about norm relations within and between different rule systems in international law, it constructs a holistic view of international IP law as an integral part of the international legal system. The first part considers norm relations within the international IP law system. It analyses the relationship of the two main unilateral IP conventions to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of International Property Rights (TRIPS), as well as the relationship between TRIPS and subsequent Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). The second part discusses alternative rule systems for the protection of IP. The third part identifies important intersections and links between the traditional system of IP protection and other areas of international law related to environmental, social, and economic concerns. These include free trade in goods; biological diversity, genetic resources, and traditional knowledge; multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) on climate change; and access to medicines and food. This analysis provides significant insights into the nature and quality of international law as a legal system. The fourth part identifies appropriate norms within the international IP system that can respond to these complexities and linkages.
Book chapters on the topic "Diversity norm"
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Yee, Nikki L., and Sara Florence Davidson. "Diversity as the Norm." In Superdiversity and Teacher Education, 284–98. New York, NY : Routledge Taylor & Francis, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003038887-19.
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Barbé, Esther, and Diego Badell. "The European Union and Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems: United in Diversity?" In Norm Research in International Relations, 133–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33238-9_8.
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Vasiljević, Snjezana. "Intersectional Discrimination: Difficulties in the Implementation of a European Norm." In Diversity in the European Union, 169–82. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230104167_10.
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Griffiths, Nathan, and Michael Luck. "Norm Diversity and Emergence in Tag-Based Cooperation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 230–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21268-0_13.
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Goldman, Linda. "Family Diversity—The New Norm: Challenges for Children." In Life and Loss, 121–44. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003190059-9.
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Moreira, Luciana. "Insurgent Parenting: Political Implications of Childrearing and Caring Practices in Spain." In Citizenship, Gender and Diversity, 127–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13508-8_7.
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AbstractContemporary Western societies have accommodated relational rights of queer people, but the link between marriage and filiation rights remains strong. However, parallel to significant alternative family projects that emerged from Black and lesbian feminist studies, current possibilities of parenting enabled by intimate citizenship rights also present interesting practices of care outside the traditional family norm. Drawing on interviews with lesbian and bisexual mothers, and with trans people whose parents were part of their networks of care, this chapter analyses how parenting practices may be a tool to (1) ascribe social visibility to sexual and gender-diverse identities and families; (2) educate children beyond a gender binary system; (3) subvert the neoliberal supremacy of paid work over motherhood; and (4) raise children in a larger network of care, beyond the couple/children norm.
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Watzke, Petra. "Disrupting the Norm: Disability, Access, and Inclusion in the German Language Classroom." In Diversity and Decolonization in German Studies, 233–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34342-2_13.
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Zhang, Dayin, and Hui Xue. "l p -norm Multiple Kernel Learning with Diversity of Classes." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 38–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13332-4_4.
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Poortinga, Ype H., and Richard DeRidder. "“Jumping the Queue”: Implications of Norm Violations Research in India and the Netherlands." In Psychological Perspectives on Diversity and Social Development, 71–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3341-5_5.
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Gálvez, Waldo, and Víctor Verdugo. "Approximation Schemes for Packing Problems with $$\ell _p$$-norm Diversity Constraints." In LATIN 2022: Theoretical Informatics, 204–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20624-5_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Diversity norm"
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Dong, Guang, and John Cooper. "Particle Swarm Optimization With Crossover and Mutation Operators Using the Diversity Criteria." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13593.
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Particle Swarm Optimization is a population based globalized search algorithm that mimics the behavior of swarms. It belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms as widely used stochastic technique in the global optimization field. Since the PSO is population based, it requires no auxiliary information, such as the gradient of the problem. It is known that each particle in the PSO uses only two pieces of information, called the personal best position and the global best position, to update its moving velocity and position by generations. One disadvantage of this algorithm is that it can be easily trapped into some local optimal solutions because of the premature convergence. This may be an issue when solving complex multi-modal functions with multiple local minimums. Hence, the global optimization algorithm should have the ability to prevent being trapped into local optima by keeping wide search space and maintaining the population diversity. In order to improve the performance of the PSO for complex global optimization problems, this paper introduces both crossover and mutation operators to the basic PSO algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses the mechanism that all the particles in the current iteration will have crossover and mutation operations if the diversity criteria of the particles is reduced to be smaller than a predefined limit value. Therefore, the PSO using both crossover and mutation operators can maintain the diversity of population and enhance the search ability as to get better results while solving complex problems. This study adopts the average distance around the swarm center as the diversity measure, and extends the distance metrics to both L1 norm distance and L∞ norm distance. To verify the usability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it is applied to 12 widely used nonlinear benchmark functions. These examples show that the proposed PSO with crossover and mutation operators using the diversity criteria has better optimization performance than the basic PSO by maintaining the swarm diversity. Moreover, the PSO using the L1 norm distance diversity gives better results than both L2 and L∞ norm distance for most cases.
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Cui, Shuhao, Shuhui Wang, Junbao Zhuo, Liang Li, Qingming Huang, and Qi Tian. "Towards Discriminability and Diversity: Batch Nuclear-Norm Maximization Under Label Insufficient Situations." In 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00400.
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Morrone, Michelle Henault, and Yumi Matsuyama. "A CALL FOR DIVERSITY TRAINING FOR CHILDREN IN JAPAN." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end054.
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"Growing diversity in Japan's population has not been matched by changes in attitudes regarding ""difference."" The old notion of racial and cultural homogeneity still holds sway in Japan, especially within the official education system. This has led to a disconnect between classroom realities and government policies which do little to address the changing needs of an increasingly diverse student body. For historical reasons, and as a result of more recent demographic trends, there are now large numbers of Koreans, Brazilians, South Asians and other foreign nationals in Japan. Many of these foreign residents have children attending Japanese public schools that were never intended to educate anyone but Japanese students. Moreover, marginalized groups such as members of the LGBTQ and special needs communities are gaining an increasing presence both in public awareness and within the public school system. Despite these changes, changes that are only accelerating, the official school system has done little to foster changes in attitude toward people who are different from the idealized norm. In addition, studies show that these sorts of attitudes can become fixed at a very early age, effectively at the preschool level. This has led us to produce a children’s book intended to serve as a form of diversity training for young children. In this way we hope to encourage more open and accepting attitudes among those who will grow up in an ever more diverse Japan."
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Li, Hang, Chen Ma, Wei Xu, and Xue Liu. "Feature Statistics Guided Efficient Filter Pruning." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/363.
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Building compact convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with reliable performance is a critical but challenging task, especially when deploying them in real-world applications. As a common approach to reduce the size of CNNs, pruning methods delete part of the CNN filters according to some metrics such as l1-norm. However, previous methods hardly leverage the information variance in a single feature map and the similarity characteristics among feature maps. In this paper, we propose a novel filter pruning method, which incorporates two kinds of feature map selections: diversity-aware selection (DFS) and similarity-aware selection (SFS). DFS aims to discover features with low information diversity while SFS removes features that have high similarities with others. We conduct extensive empirical experiments with various CNN architectures on publicly available datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that our model obtains up to 91.6% parameter decrease and 83.7% FLOPs reduction with almost no accuracy loss.
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Buntak, Kešimir, Matija Kovačić, and Ernest Forjan. "Komparativna analiza norme ISO 45001:2018 i Zakona o zaštiti na radu." In Kvaliteta-jučer, danas, sutra (Quality-yesterday, today, tomorrow), edited by Miroslav Drljača. Croatian Quality Managers Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52730/drko8789.
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Sažetak: Sigurnost i zaštita zaposlenika područje je koje je normirano normom ISO 45001:2018, odnosno na razini Republike Hrvatske Zakonom o zaštiti na radu. Stvaranje sigurne radne okoline za zaposlenike u organizaciji od posebne je važnosti s obzirom na moguću ugrozu kvalitete života, odnosno života u cjelini zaposlenika koji obavljaju aktivnosti u organizaciji bez da im se osigura adekvatna zaštitna oprema. Sigurna radna okolina može determinirati i troškove zbog ne kvalitete, odnosno može rezultirati troškovima vezanim uz bolovanja, ozljede na radu, padom učinkovitosti organizacijskih zaposlenika, itd. S obzirom na to i s obzirom na zahtjeve zaposlenika ali i ostalih zainteresiranih strana, područje sigurnosti i zaštite jedno je od područja koje Zakonodavac regulira i na organizacije postavlja minimalne zahtjeve koje moraju ispuniti, a kako bi mogle poslovati u Republici Hrvatskoj. S druge strane, norma sustava upravljanja zdravljem i sigurnosti zaposlenika definira dodatne zahtjeve koje postavlja na organizacijski sustav upravljanja što može biti temelj za osiguranje dodane vrijednosti za zaposlenike. S obzirom na različitost zahtjeva koje postavlja Zakonodavac, odnosno zahtjeva koje postavlja norma sustava upravljanja zdravljem i sigurnosti zaposlenika, cilj ovog rada analizirati je zahtjeve i identificirati područja koja su slična, odnosno različita kao i ukazati na moguće nedostatke. Abstract: Safety and protection of employees is an area that is regulated by the standard ISO 45001: 2018, i.e. at the level of the Republic of Croatia by the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Creating a safe working environment for employees in the organization is of particular importance given the possible threat to the quality of life, or life in general of employees who perform activities in the organization without providing them with adequate protective equipment. A safe working environment can also determine costs due to poor quality, i.e. it can result in costs related to sick leave, injuries at work, reduced efficiency of organizational employees, etc. is one of the areas regulated by the Legislator and sets minimum requirements for organizations that they must meet in order to be able to do business in the Republic of Croatia. On the other hand, the norm of the employee health and safety management system defines the additional requirements it places on the organizational management system, which can be the basis for ensuring added value for employees. Given the diversity of requirements set by the Legislator, ie the requirements set by the norm of the employee health and safety management system, the aim of this paper is to analyse the requirements and identify areas that are similar or different as well as point out possible shortcomings.
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Rahman, Fahmida. "EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING FOR STUDENT ADVANCEMENT: A STATE-OF-THE-ART IN HIGHER EDUCATION." In The Global Conference on Research in Education and Learning. R&R Knowledge Solutions, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56790/103.091022.
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When I stepped into teaching, I had a vision for teaching students to develop their learning skills and understand their learning capabilities. However, one of the most common questions students ask these days is “Which teacher gives more marks?” Despite, institutions and educators being responsible for developing students’ intellectual and interpersonal competences, the orthodox mode of memorizing for examinations and passing with the highest mark is a norm difficult to disentangle. Through this paper I am contemplating experiential learning as a state-of-the-art teaching and learning policy. Students, through such engagements, will become sensitized to the world around them, and especially the social, economic and environmental challenges that people face. Theoretical review was conducted in order to examine the need of experiential learning and how it is contributing to soft skills. The analysis revealed that experiential learning will reinforce the six outcomes: students will develop advanced learning skills; explore sustainable solutions; embrace diversity in their analytical thinking and lived practice; approach complex problems through an analysis of the interconnectedness of divergent sectors; foster creativity of thoughts and expressions through a critical appreciation of alternative practices; and display empathy and purpose through an examination of the ethical implications of their actions. Accordingly, experiential learning will help students become more analytical and skilled in solving complex problems through collaborative interventions. It will assist them in building confidence and develop a better understanding of themselves as part of a broader local and global community. Keywords: Experiential learning, Education, Students, Development, Traditional
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de Menezes, Paula Cabral. "The Challenge to Develop a Software Manual Facing Complex Activities in the Oil and Gas Sector." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49404.
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This paper presents the stages of preparation of the C4D software user manual. This software has been developed by PhDsoft and is intended to be used in connection with complex tasks such as the management of the integrity of the structures of offshore platforms, FPSOs and vessels, by providing repair and maintenance services such as sizing and placing of anodes, assessment of paint deterioration, among others. Oil companies tend to be huge in size and number of employees with different skills, psychological and behavior profiles. Considering that the software also serves as an interface with service providers, many other professionals were added, thereby greatly increasing this diversity. Therefore, meeting the needs of such heterogeneous expectations is the challenge faced by the author of the user manual. The purpose of the software manual is to facilitate the transfer of information and knowledge so as to develop the user’s skills and competencies. Since the software is an engineering tool, it is not enough to present the directions and the steps of the software’s specific tasks and procedures. It is necessary to provide the users with the technical principles used in the software functions. The manual must also be integrated to the company’s strategy by adding value to the product so as to be perceived by the stakeholders as a strong aspect as regards the competitors, being also an effective instrument for establishing closer ties. This paper presents the experience of using a journalist to draft an essentially technical text, in an attempt to unite the attractiveness of the text to the accuracy necessary for its effective use, by following the best practices recommended for documentation and establishing metrics to check the efficacy of same, especially in accordance with norm IEE 1063 — Standard for Software User Documentation.
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"An Examination of the Barriers to Leadership for Faculty of Color at U.S. Universities." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4344.
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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Volume 16] Aim/Purpose: The aim and purpose of this study is to understand why there is a dearth of faculty of color ascending to senior levels of leadership in higher education institutions, and to identify strategies to increase the representation of faculty of color in university senior administrative positions. Background: There is a lack of faculty of color in senior level academic administrative position in the United States. Although there is clear evidence that faculty of color have not been promoted to senior level positions at the same rate as their White col-leagues, besides racism there has been little evidence regarding the cause of such disparities. This is becoming an issue of increased importance as the student bodies of most U.S. higher educational institutions are becoming increasingly more inclusive of people of various racial and ethnic backgrounds. Methodology: Qualitative interviews were used. Contribution: This study adds to the research and information made previously available regarding the status of non-White higher educational members in the U.S. by contributing insights from faculty of color who have encountered and are currently encountering forms of discrimination within various institutions. These additions include personal experiences and suggestions regarding the barriers to diversification and implications of the lack of diversity at higher educational institutions. Given the few diverse administrative or executive leaders in service today in higher education, these personal insights provide seldom-heard perspectives for both scholars and practitioners in the field of higher education. Findings: Limited diversity among faculty at higher educational institutions correlates with persistent underrepresentation and difficulty in finding candidates for leadership positions who are diverse, highly experienced, and highly ranked. This lack of diversity among leaders has negative implications like reduced access to mentor-ship, scholarship, and other promotional and networking opportunities for other faculty of color. While it is true that representation of faculty of color at certain U.S. colleges and programs has shown slight improvements in the last decade, nationwide statistics still demonstrate the persistence of this issue. Participants perceived that the White boys club found to some extent in nearly all higher educational institutions, consistently offers greater recognition, attention, and support for those who most resemble the norm and creates an adverse environment for minorities. However, in these findings and interviews, certain solutions for breaking through such barriers are revealed, suggesting progress is possible and gaining momentum at institutions nationwide. Recommendations for Practitioners: To recruit and sustain diverse members of the academic community, institutions should prioritize policies and procedures which allocate a fair share of responsibilities between faculty members and ensure equity in all forms of compensation. In addition, institutional leaders should foster a climate of mutual respect and understanding between members of the educational community to increase confidence of people of color and allow for fresh perspectives and creativity to flourish. Where policies for diversification exist but are not being applied, leaders have the responsibility to enforce and set the example for other members of the organization. Assimilation of diverse members occurs when leaders create an inclusive environment for various cultures and advocate for social and promotional opportunities for all members of the organization. Recommendations for Researchers: Significant research remains on understanding barriers to the preparation of faculty of color for leadership in higher education. While this research has provided first-hand qualitative perspectives from faculties of color, additional quantitative study is necessary to understand what significant differences in underrepresentation exist by race and ethnicity. Further research is also needed on the compound effects of race and gender due to the historic underrepresentation of women in leadership positions. At the institutional and departmental level, the study validates the need to look at both the implicit and explicit enforcement of policies regarding diversity in the workplace. Future Research: Higher education researchers may extend the findings of this study to explore how faculty of color have ascended to specific leadership roles within the academy such as department chair, academic dean, provost, and president.
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"The Benefits and Challenges of Living, Teaching and Working in Today’s Diverse World." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4355.
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Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this report is to provide an understanding of cultural diversity in today’s global economy and to understand what shapes our identities and what influences our behavior. Background: Culture is the way of functioning in today’s world and it refers to the shared language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and material objects that are passed down from one generation to the next. Cultural diversity helps individuals recognize and respect the stewpot of today’s world and promoting cultural diversity and cultural competency helps individuals define and respect the diversity that encompasses today. Cultural competence also helps individuals embrace values and cultural nuances that are not necessarily akin to the one’s the individual possesses. Individuals interact with others to build bridges to trust, respect, and understanding across cultures. Furthermore, diversity makes the world a more interesting place to live, as people from diverse backgrounds contribute language, new ways of thinking, new knowledge, and different experiences. Methodology: A non-systematic literature review by way of reviewing articles that were found in many of major databases under the terms “Diversity in the workplace” since the year 2010 was conducted. Findings: This study identified major findings that would help individuals shape the diversity encountered and provides an avenue toward unity.
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Zhaoxin Wang, Li Huo, Chinlon Lin, and Chun-Kit Chan. "Polarization-independent OTDM demultiplexer based on NOLM with a polarization diversity loop." In OFCNFOEC 2006. 2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ofc.2006.215498.
Full textReports on the topic "Diversity norm"
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Frisancho, Verónica, Alejandro Herrera, and Eduardo Nakasone. Does Gender and Sexual Diversity Lead to Greater Conflict in the School? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004609.
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Diversity in gender identity and sexual orientation challenges traditional institutions, social norms, and gendered stereotypes. This may translate into greater levels of conflict in society. Using data from 95 middle and high schools in Uruguay, we exploit plausibly exogenous variation in the share of LGBT students across classrooms and estimate its impact on the prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual violence in the school. On average, we do not find support for a strong link between the share of LGBT students in the classroom and the prevalence of violence, yet we show that there are gendered effects of greater diversity: a larger share of LGBT students in the classroom is associated with greater levels of psychological and physical violence among LGBT girls.
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Mosha, Devotha B., John Jeckoniah, Aida Isinika, and Gideon Boniface. The Influence of Sunflower Commercialisation and Diversity on Women's Empowerment: The Case of Iramba and Mkalama Districts, Singida Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.014.
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There is a growing body of literature that argues that normally women derive little benefit from cash crops. Some of the barriers leading to women having less benefit from cash crop value chains include cultural norms and power differences in access to, and control over, resources among actors in value chains. It is also argued that women’s participation in different forms of collective action help women to increase benefits to them through their increased agency, hence enabling them to utilise existing and diverse options for their empowerment. This paper explores how women have benefited from their engagement in sunflower commercialisation and how culture has influenced changes in access to, and control over, resources, including land, for their empowerment.
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Giles Álvarez, Laura, Juan Carlos Vargas-Moreno, Alejandra Mejía, Aastha Patel, and Nerlyne Jean-Baptiste. Une approche spatiale pour analyser l’insécurité alimentaire dans le département du Nord-Ouest d’Haïti. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004589.
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Cette étude présente une analyse de l’insécurité alimentaire et de ses facteurs sous-jacents dans le département du Nord-Ouest en Haïti. Ce département est l’un des plus vulnérable et le plus touché par l’insécurité alimentaire en Haïti, avec 55 % de la population ayant besoin d’une assistance urgente (IPC 2022). L’aide du Cadre intégré des phases de la sécurité alimentaire (IPC) et du Cadre de sécurité alimentaire (BID 2018) de la Banque Interaméricaine de développement (BID), cet article présente une analyse géo-spatiale, complétée par un examen d’autres facteurs socioéconomiques, pour donner un aperçu de ce qui aggrave cette crise alimentaire et des domaines les plus urgents à traiter. Les résultats montrent que le déclin de la production nationale - qui a été entravée par des infrastructures et des financements inadéquats, l’insécurité et les catastrophes naturelles - s’est produit parallèlement aux perturbations de la chane d’approvisionnement internationale, affectant les importations conjointement avec les recettes provenant de laide. L’ensemble de ces facteurs a un effet négatif sur la disponibilité de la nourriture. Les contraintes d’approvisionnement, les restrictions de mobilité, les chocs de prix et les risques pour les revenus durables ont également un impact négatif sur l’accès à la nourriture. Les difficultés d’accès à l’eau potable et aux infrastructures sanitaires, ainsi que le manque de diversité au niveau des régimes alimentaires, entravent également l’utilisation de la nourriture, décrite comme la disponibilité d’aliments de qualité nécessaires pour atteindre un statut nutritionnel adéquat. En outre, la stabilité alimentaire n’est pas garantie en raison des problèmes liés aux dotations naturelles de la région, au manque ou à la faible capacité des infrastructures d’irrigation, à la vulnérabilité aux chocs climatiques, aux fluctuations des prix et à l’insécurité. Sur la base de ces résultats, ce document recommande 23 actions visant à augmenter l’accès aux services de base, à promouvoir une nutrition adéquate, à soutenir une agriculture productive et durable et à accroître la résilience aux chocs et aux fluctuations inhérentes à l’écosystème alimentaire. Plus important encore, le déploiement efficace de ces mesures nécessitera une approche coordonnée à tous les niveaux administratifs de ltatocal et national, en collaboration avec le secteur privé et la communauté des donateurs.
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Mengak, Michael T. Wildlife Translocation. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7210105.ws.
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Many people enjoy wildlife. Nationwide, Americans spend over $144 billion annually on fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activities. However, wildlife is not always welcome in or near homes, buildings, or other property and can cause significant damage or health and safety issues. Many people who experience a wildlife conflict prefer to resolve the issue without harming the offending animal. Of the many options available (i.e., habitat modification, exclusion, repellents) for addressing nuisance wildlife problems, translocation—capturing and moving—of the offending animal is often perceived to be effective. However, trapping and translocating wild animals is rarely legal nor is it considered a viable solution by wildlife professionals for resolving most nuisance wildlife problems. Reasons to avoid translocating nuisance wildlife include legal restrictions, disease concerns, liability issues associated with injuries or damage caused by a translocated animal, stress to the animal, homing behavior, and risk of death to the animal. Translocation is appropriate in some situations such as re-establishing endangered species, enhancing genetic diversity, and stocking species in formerly occupied habitats. The main focus of this publication, however, is to address nuisance wildlife issues that may be commonly encountered by homeowners and nuisance wildlife control professionals.
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Toloo, Sam, Ruvini Hettiarachchi, David Lim, and Katie Wilson. Reducing Emergency Department demand through expanded primary healthcare practice: Full report of the research and findings. Queensland University of Technology, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227473.
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Demand for public hospital emergency departments’ services and care is increasing, placing considerable restraint on their performance and threatens patient safety. Many factors influence such demand including individual characteristics (e.g. perceptions, knowledge, values and norms), healthcare availability, affordability and accessibility, population aging, and internal health system factors (e.g patient flow, discharge process). To alleviate demand, many initiatives have been trialled or suggested, including early identification of at-risk patients, better management of chronic disease to reduce avoidable ED presentation, expanded capacity of front-line clinician to manage sub-acute and non-urgent care, improved hospital flow to reduce access block, and diversion to alternate site for care. However, none have had any major or sustained impact on the growth in ED demand. A major focus of the public discourse on ED demand has been the use and integration of primary healthcare and ED, based on the assumption that between 10%–25% of ED presentations are potentially avoidable if patients’ access to appropriate primary healthcare (PHC) services were enhanced. However, this requires not only improved access but also appropriateness in terms of the patients’ preference and PHC providers’ capacity to address the needs. What is not known at the moment is the extent of the potential for diversion of non-urgent ED patients to PHC and the cost-benefits of such policy and funding changes required, particularly in the Australian context. There is a need to better understand ED patients’ needs and capacity constraint so as to effect delivery of accessible, affordable, efficient and responsive services. Jennie Money Doug Morel
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Crispin, Darla. Artistic Research as a Process of Unfolding. Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.503395.
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As artistic research work in various disciplines and national contexts continues to develop, the diversity of approaches to the field becomes ever more apparent. This is to be welcomed, because it keeps alive ideas of plurality and complexity at a particular time in history when the gross oversimplifications and obfuscations of political discourses are compromising the nature of language itself, leading to what several commentators have already called ‘a post-truth’ world. In this brutal environment where ‘information’ is uncoupled from reality and validated only by how loudly and often it is voiced, the artist researcher has a responsibility that goes beyond the confines of our discipline to articulate the truth-content of his or her artistic practice. To do this, they must embrace daring and risk-taking, finding ways of communicating that flow against the current norms. In artistic research, the empathic communication of information and experience – and not merely the ‘verbally empathic’ – is a sign of research transferability, a marker for research content. But this, in some circles, is still a heretical point of view. Research, in its more traditional manifestations mistrusts empathy and individually-incarnated human experience; the researcher, although a sentient being in the world, is expected to behave dispassionately in their professional discourse, and with a distrust for insights that come primarily from instinct. For the construction of empathic systems in which to study and research, our structures still need to change. So, we need to work toward a new world (one that is still not our idea), a world that is symptomatic of what we might like artistic research to be. Risk is one of the elements that helps us to make the conceptual twist that turns subjective, reflexive experience into transpersonal, empathic communication and/or scientifically-viable modes of exchange. It gives us something to work with in engaging with debates because it means that something is at stake. To propose a space where such risks may be taken, I shall revisit Gillian Rose’s metaphor of ‘the fold’ that I analysed in the first Symposium presented by the Arne Nordheim Centre for Artistic Research (NordART) at the Norwegian Academy of Music in November 2015. I shall deepen the exploration of the process of ‘unfolding’, elaborating on my belief in its appropriateness for artistic research work; I shall further suggest that Rose’s metaphor provides a way to bridge some of the gaps of understanding that have already developed between those undertaking artistic research and those working in the more established music disciplines.
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Lewinsohn, Efraim, Eran Pichersky, and Shimon Gepstein. Biotechnology of Tomato Volatiles for Flavor Improvement. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575277.bard.
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The main objectives of the research project were: 1. The manipulation, by genetic engineering techniques, of the terpenoid pathway in tomato fruit. Specifically, to test the hypothesis whether overexpression of linalool synthase in tomato fruits will result in the diversion of intermediates of the carotene biosynthetic pathway to linalool, demonstrating that linalool synthase is a key regulatory enzyme, and possibly improving tomato flavor. 2. The elucidation of the biochemical pathway leading to eugenol and methyl eugenol, and the manipulation of this pathway to determine key enzymes and to improve flavor in tomato. Background, conclusions and implications The different proportions of volatile components present in foods often determine their flavor properties. Two of the ten most important flavor compounds in tomatoes, linalool and eugenol, are emitted by the flowers of Clarkia breweri, (Onagraceae), a plant native to California, and are also present in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum, Lamiaceae). We have studied the key enzymes and genes involved in the production of these flavorants. Linalool synthase, the key enzyme in linalool biosynthesis and its corresponding gene were isolated and characterized from Clarkia breweri. The gene was coupled to a fruit-specific tomato promotor (E8) and was used to transform tomatoes. The transgenic tomatoes produced S-linalool and 1-hydroxylinalool, compounds absent from the fruits of controls. The transgenesis did not adversely affect the overall appearance of the plants nor the levels of other terpenoids present such as carotenoids and vitamin E. Our work has proven that the terpenoid pathway in tomatoes can be modified by the introduction and expression of foreign genes coding for the enzymes controlling the production of monoterpenoid flavor compounds. We have also isolated novel enzymes and genes that are involved in the formation of eugenol and methyl eugenol from Clarkia breweri and basil. An EST library of basil glandular trichomes (the site of eugenol and methyl eugenol biosynthesis) was prepared. More than 1,200 genes have been preliminary characterized and a few of them have been confirmed by functional expression, to be involved in eugenol and methyl eugenol biosynthesis. These genes have augmented the still small repertoire of genes that are available to modify the aroma of agricultural produce by genetic engineering.
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Friedman, Haya, Julia Vrebalov, and James Giovannoni. Elucidating the ripening signaling pathway in banana for improved fruit quality, shelf-life and food security. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594401.bard.
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Background : Banana being a monocot and having distinct peel and pulp tissues is unique among the fleshy fruits and hence can provide a more comprehensive understanding of fruit ripening. Our previous research which translated ripening discoveries from tomato, led to the identification of six banana fruit-associated MADS-box genes, and we confirmed the positive role of MaMADS1/2 in banana ripening. The overall goal was to further elucidate the banana ripening signaling pathway as mediated by MADS-boxtranscriptional regulators. Specific objectives were: 1) characterize transcriptional profiles and quality of MaMADS1/2 repressed fruit; 2) reveal the role of additional MaMADSgenes in ripening; 3) develop a model of fruit MaMADS-box mode of action; and 4) isolate new components of the banana ripening signaling pathway. Major conclusion: The functions of the banana MaMADS1-5 have been examined by complimenting the rinor the TAGL1-suppressed lines of tomato. Only MaMADS5 exhibited partial complementation of TAGL1-suppressed and rinlines, suggesting that while similar genes play corresponding roles in ripening, evolutionary divergence makes heterologous complementation studies challenging. Nevertheless, the partial complementation of tomato TAGL1-surpessed and rinlines with MaMADS5 suggests this gene is likely an important ripening regulator in banana, worthy of further study. RNA-seqtranscriptome analysis during ripening was performed on WT and MaMADS2-suppressed lines revealing additional candidate genes contributing to ripening control mechanisms. In summary, we discovered 39 MaMADS-box genes in addition to homologues of CNR, NOR and HB-1 expressed in banana fruits, and which were shown in tomato to play necessary roles in ripening. For most of these genes the expression in peel and pulp was similar. However, a number of key genes were differentially expressed between these tissues indicating that the regulatory components which are active in peel and pulp include both common and tissue-specific regulatory systems, a distinction as compared to the more uniform tomato fruit pericarp. Because plant hormones are well documented to affect fruit ripening, the expressions of genes within the auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic and ethylene signal transduction and synthesis pathways were targeted in our transcriptome analysis. Genes’ expression associated with these pathways generally declined during normal ripening in both peel and pulp, excluding cytokinin and ethylene, and this decline was delayed in MaMADS2-suppressed banana lines. Hence, we suggest that normal MaMADS2 activity promotes the observed downward expression within these non-ethylene pathways (especially in the pulp), thus enabling ripening progression. In contrast, the expressions of ACSand ACOof the ethylene biosynthesis pathway increase in peel and pulp during ripening and are delayed/inhibited in the transgenic bananas, explaining the reduced ethylene production of MaMADS2-suppressed lines. Inferred by the different genes’ expression in peel and pulp of the gibberellins, salicylic acid and cytokinins pathways, it is suggested that hormonal regulation in these tissues is diverse. These results provide important insights into possible avenues of ripening control in the diverse fruit tissues of banana which was not previously revealed in other ripening systems. As such, our transcriptome analysis of WT and ripening delayed banana mutants provides a starting point for further characterization of ripening. In this study we also developed novel evidence that the cytoskeleton may have a positive role in ripening as components of this pathway were down-regulated by MaMADS2 suppression. The mode of cytoskeleton involvement in fruit ripening remains unclear but presents a novel new frontier in ripening investigations. In summary, this project yielded functional understanding of the role and mode of action of MaMADS2 during ripening, pointing to both induction of ethylene and suppression of non-ethylene hormonal singling pathways. Furthermore, our data suggest important roles for cytoskeleton components and MaMADS5 in the overall banana ripening control network. Implications: The project revealed new molecular components/genes involved in banana ripening and refines our understanding of ripening responses in the peel and pulp tissues of this important species. This information is novel as compared to that derived from the more uniform carpel tissues of other highly studied ripening systems including tomato and grape. The work provides specific target genes for potential modification through genetic engineering or for exploration of useful genetic diversity in traditional breeding. The results from the project might point toward improved methods or new treatments to improve banana fruit storage and quality.
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How Diversity Social Norms Let Companies Off the Hook. IEDP Ideas for Leaders, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13007/781.
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Accelerating Digital Payments in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004256.
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Between the first and second quarters of 2020, e-commerce website traffic from five of the regions major markets increased by over 150%. The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed and pulled tens of thousands of businesses in the region to go digital. The impact and advantages of such digitalization are quite telling for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in particular. SMEs in LAC can diversify their customer base and reach 20 foreign markets when operating online, while those that operate offline can only reach from two to five. As todays digital economy becomes the norm, universal basic services such as education and medical care are also taking place online. Digital payments are critical to enabling this transformation at both domestic and cross-border levels. But many challenges still exist that preclude the broadening of digital payment use throughout the region from a lack of access, regulatory harmonization and affordable payment solutions, to a need for further public and private sector cooperation, consumer protections and an open, inclusive and interoperable payment ecosystem. In 2021, the World Economic Forum and the innovation laboratory of the Inter-American Development Bank, IDB Lab, jointly launched the Payments to Advance Growth for All (PAGA) initiative to address these challenges. This initiative has convened a diverse community of over 100 public and private sector representatives to explore, through dialogue, how to best unlock the true benefits of digital payments in LAC. As digital payments continue to thrive and drive financial inclusion and economic growth, we hope this paper will provide a timely snapshot of the most pressing issues and highlight the importance of public-private and private-private cooperation to advance digital payments for all in an open, inclusive and safe manner. * The opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IDB, its Board of Directors or the countries they represent, nor of the MIF (IDB Lab) Donors Committee or the countries it represents.