Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diversité des cellules T'
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Grandclaudon, Maximilien. "Analyses multivariées de la génération de la diversité des cytokines des cellules T CD4 et association de cette diversité aux différents sous types de cancer du sein." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS286/document.
Full textToday several levels of complexity have emerged in the field of T helper cytokines: 1) the important number of distinct cytokines that Th cell can secrete in various combinations; 2) The multiplicity of signals that can act during Th differentiation to define the Th cytokine secretion profiles 3) The associations of these T helper secretion profiles with complex diseases. During my PhD I focused on these three levels of complexity and study the generation of T helper cytokine diversity and its association to breast cancer subtypes using multivariate analysis and statistical modeling. First, I was able to build the first statistical model linking 37 dendritic cell derived signals to 18 T helper cytokines. Using this model to derive in silico predictions, I was able to found a new role for IL-12p70 as a promoter of Th17 differentiation and as a main differential inducer of IL-17F independently of Il-17A in presence of IL-1. Then, studying the associations of the Th cytokine diversity with the different subtypes of human breast cancers, I found that Th17 cytokines were preferentially associated to Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). I found that TNBC patients with a high Th17 signature had a better survival. In addition, I showed that Th17 can be combined to clinical prognosis assessment scores, such as the Nottingham Prognosis Index, to better stratify TNBC patients in relevant subgroups for survival prognosis assessment
Gallois, Valérie. "Etude de populations lymphocytaires tγð exprimant un répertoire restreint." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077267.
Full textTrichot, Coline. "Regulation of Human T Helper Cell Diversity : From In Vitro Dendritic Cell-Based Mechanisms to Candidate Biomarkers in Atopic Dermatitis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS423.
Full textHuman immunity is essentially driven by dendritic cells and T helper cells. When dendritic cells detect a pathogen, they will instruct T helper cells to adopt the adapted phenotype for the specific threat encountered. T helper cells are subdivided in multiple subsets, characterized by particular sets of cytokines. Each T helper subset has specific functions and is involved in the clearance of distinct pathogens. If T helper responses are not precisely regulated, they can become pathogenic, in this case T helper pathways can be considered as potential targets for therapy. In this context, I focused my PhD work on studying T helper cell subset diversity and regulation. First, I demonstrated the ability of TSLP-activated dendritic cell to induce T follicular helper cell polarization. Then I participated in building a mathematical model capable of predicting T helper cell response to dendritic-cell derived signals. This model allowed us to identify the specific role of IL-12p70, in an IL-1 context, to induce IL-17F without IL-17A. Finally, I monitered eight T helper and T follicular helper cell populations in peripheral blood from atopic dermatitis patients treated with Dupilumab, an immunotherapy targeting the IL-4 receptor alpha subunit, and was able to show a correlation between decrease of Th17 cell percentage and improvement of EASI clinical score. Overall, my work on Th phenotype diversity provides key mechanistic insight with potential application in immunotherapy
Diaz, Herrero Alba. "Characterization of Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Human Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL057.
Full textDiffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most prevalent subtype of non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma worldwide, characterized by an abnormal proliferation of mature B cells. It is an aggressive B-cell malignancy for which the current therapeutic strategies are still insufficient. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the dynamic network of cells and all elements surrounding and interacting with the tumor. It plays an important role in cancer development, treatment response, and patient survival. Consequently, investigating the TME in DLBCL patients is crucial to discover the mechanisms leading to relapse and identify prognostic biomarkers. However, its diffuse tissue structure presents a challenge in elucidating the cellular organization and communication within the TME. The objective of my Ph.D. thesis is to conduct a comprehensive multimodal characterization of the immune cells within the DLBCL tumor microenvironment.To facilitate access to human samples, I developed and implemented an ethically approved clinical research protocol and a circuit of tissue and blood samples from patients with DLBCL treated at Saint Louis hospital, ensuring that the patient cohort reflects the heterogeneity of the disease.First, I performed a deep characterization of T lymphocytes, with special focus on describing their role within the DLBCL tissue. Indeed, Tumor-infiltrating T-cells (TILS) are key players in the NHL TME, presenting different subtypes and cell states. I apply multiparametric flow cytometry and high-dimensional spectral cytometry to investigate the complex landscape of T diversity in DLBCL biopsies, as well as their communication patterns with other immune cells in the tissue. The unsupervised analysis approach identified unexpected T-cell subtypes at a protein level, compared to tissue control and other lymphoproliferative disorders. Furthermore, the ligand-receptor expression analysis enabled the cell-cell communication study of those T-cell subpopulations within the TME context. Second, I aimed to characterize transcriptomic immune landscapes at a large scale within DLBCL tissue. However, RNA sequencing technologies characterize isolated cells from dissociated tissues with a loss of spatial context. I applied spatial transcriptomics, a cutting-edge technology that enables gene expression mapping in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of DLBCL biopsies, thus preserving their morphological information. I identified distinct anatomically restricted gene expression profiles in DLBCL samples, defying the historical notion of DLBCL diffuse architecture. These profiles can be classified into ecosystems that differ in cellular composition, functional patterns, and neighborhood characteristics. Moreover, their spatially resolved signatures classify patients with different overall survival revealing the prognostic potential of these spatial identities.Third, I evaluated the effects of altering the communication between NK cells and malignant B cells in DLBCL. I performed a functional in vitro assessment of a blocking antibody developed by the pharmaceutical company Servier. The functional assays demonstrated the effect of the molecular candidate in co-culture settings by improving cytotoxic functions of NK cells against tumor cells. These findings highlight the importance of targeting the interaction between effector cells and malignant B cells to develop effective therapies for DLBCL.This multidisciplinary project carried out on human samples provides a deep understanding of the heterogeneity of immune cells in DLBCL microenvironment at a protein and transcriptomic level while considering their spatial organization. Hence, this project holds significant therapeutic potential, by gaining insights into the disease heterogeneity and its impact on clinical outcome. This project could eventually lead to the discovery of new potential biomarkers and effective therapeutic strategies for DLBCL patients
Sacré, Karim. "Déterminants immunologiques du contrôle de l'infection humaine à cytomégalovirus (HCMV) : étude de la reconstitution d'une immunité T CD8 protectrice anti-HCMV au cours de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) et après allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066258.
Full textLe, Paslier Denis. "Genetique moleculaire de deux familles multigeniques primordiales pour l'immunite : les genes des recepteurs des cellules t pour l'antigene et le complexe majeur d'histocompatibilite chez l'homme." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077104.
Full textKarpf, Léa. "Systematic Study of OX40 Ligand Context-Dependent Function on Human T Helper Cell Polarization A Quantitative Multivariate Model of Human Dendritic Cell-T Helper Cell Communication TH Cell Diversity and Response to Dupilumab in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis Inborn Errors of Type I IFN Immunity in Patients With Life-Threatening COVID-19 Quantitative Modeling of OX40 Ligand Context-Dependent Function on Human T Helper Cell SARS-CoV-2 Induces Activation and Diversification of Human Plasmacytoid Pre-Dendritic Cells." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL044.
Full textAdaptive immunity is mainly orchestrated by CD4 T helper cells. They have the ability to polarize in several subsets, each associated to a suitable phenotype for the encounter pathogen. T helper cell activation can be regulated by co-stimulator, such as OX40 Ligand, or co-inhibitor immune checkpoint molecules. These molecules have been studied individually, in specific conditions. However, context-dependency may explain large parts of the functional variability of biological molecules on a given output. Currently, there is no framework to analyze and quantify context-dependency of a molecule over multiple contexts and response outputs. My PhD project focused on OX40L function on T helper cell polarization, in 4 molecular and 11 cellular contexts. We measured 17 T helper cytokines and developed a statistical modeling strategy to quantify OX40L context-dependency on these cytokines. This revealed highly variable qualitative and quantitative context-dependency scores, depending on the output cytokine and context type. Among molecular contexts, Th2 was the most influential on OX40L function. Among cellular contexts, dendritic cell type rather than activating stimulus was dominant in controlling OX40L contextdependency. My thesis work unveils the complex determinants of OX40L function, provides a unique framework to quantify the context-dependent functional variability of any biomolecule, and supports that context-dependency should be more taken into consideration in future studies
ANNACKER, OLIVER. "Caracterisation fonctionnelle des cellules t regulatrices." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066006.
Full textDembele, Bamory. "Mécanismes de l'aide lymphocytaire T CD4 aux cellules T CD8 mémoires." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T076.
Full textMiyara, Makoto. "Cellules T régulatrices et maladies inflammatoires systémiques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066067.
Full textSawicka, Anna. "Aspects biophysiques de l'activation des cellules T." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB079.
Full textT cells play many roles in the adaptive immune response: they stimulate B cells for the production of antibodies; they secrete cytokines, which guide the action of other immune cells; they kill infected or mutated cells of the body; they assure the immune memory, staying ready to respond upon another infection with the same pathogen. All T cells activate when they recognise their specific antigen: a short peptide presented on the major histocompatibility complex on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell. The binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to this antigen triggers a cascade of signalling events inside the T cell, resulting in cytoskeleton modifications, changes in the expression levels of different genes, and proliferation. One of the early responses of T cells to the antigen recognition is force generation. T cells, upon TCR triggering, push and pull on the antigen-presenting cell. Although the body of research concerning these forces has been recently growing, their nature and role is still largely unknown. The goal of my PhD project was to characterise the pushing and pulling forces generated by T cells. I measured the forces with the micropipette force probe, which uses a glass micropipette as a cantilever of known bending stiffness. The technique allowed to measure the maximal force generated by T cells and the speed at which T cells generated forces (force rate), and, simultaneously, to track the morphology of cells as seen from the side. These experiments revealed that human primary resting CD4+ T cells, when activated with antibodies against CD3 and CD28 molecules, followed a sequence of morphology changes and force generation. This sequence was qualitatively the same for CD4+ T lymphoblasts, a model of effector T cells. The sequence was then studied in the biological context of T cell activation. As different antigen-presenting cells, with which T cells interact in the body, were shown to have different mechanical properties, I varied the bending stiffness of the micropipette probe, to measure the response of T cells to targets of different stiffness. The force rate changed with this bending stiffness, indicating that force generation in T cell activation is a mechanosensitive process. Next, the conditions necessary for force generation were investigated. Binding to antibodies against CD45 molecule did not result in force generation, suggesting that force generation is specific to TCR triggering. To dissect the contribution of the different components of the actin cytoskeleton to the process, T cells were treated with different cytoskeleton inhibitors. The largest influence was found with SMIFH2, an inhibitor of formins, suggesting an important role for formins in force generation in early T cell activation. This work contributes to the understanding of the biophysical aspects of T cell activation. It shows that force generation is incorporated into the early events of the activation process, and is directly influenced by the stiffness of the T cell target. Further work is needed to link the force generation with the signalling pathways induced by TCR triggering, to explain the molecular basis of T cell mechanosensitivity. This link will open the possibility of functional studies of forces in T cell activation, to answer the open questions regarding the function of T cells in physiology and pathology of the immune system
Laffont, Sophie. "Rôle des lymphocytes cytotoxiques T CD8 et NK dans le contrôle des réponses T CD4 alloréactives." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30033.
Full textCD4 T cells play an essential in allograft rejection. However, factors influencing their polarization into Th1 or Th2 effector cells in vivo are still poorly understood. We report here that in absence of CD8 T cell and/or NK cell activation, a strong CD4 T cells occurs characterized by the development of type-2 cytokine producing cells. In this situation, allogeneic skin grafts are heavily infiltrated with eosinophil. The aim of the study here was to investigate the mechanisms by which CD8 T lymphocytes and NK cells can control CD4 T cell priming. We found that, they both act by limiting the accumulation of donor-derived dendritic (Dcs) cells through a perforin-dependent mechanism. We propose that CD8 T cells and NK cells, by controlling the half-life of allogeneic DCs, modify the kinetics of DC differentiation in lymph nodes thereby modulate the amplitude and the polarization of alloreactive CD4 T cells
Boulter, Etienne. "Du remodelage de la matrice extracellulaire au remodelage de la cellule : la diversité des complexes d'adhérence et d'ILK." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4050.
Full textCell behavior in is largely influenced by the interactions occurring between cells and their microenvironnement among which the interactions with other cells and the extracellular matrix. At the molecular level, those interactions take place at the level of protein complexes which structure is well conserved between cell-matrix adhesions and cell-cell junctions. A transmembrane adhesion receptor (usually from the integrin or cadherin family) binds a macromolecular complex comprising enzymes and adaptor proteins which link the adhesion receptor to the cell cytoskeleton. Moreover, adhesion molecules may also be recruited to modulate the activity and properties of the complex. Integrin-Linked Kinase is such an adaptor protein recruited to cell-matrix adhesions and cell-cell junctions. It may possess a kinase activity justifying its name. By gain or loss of function strategies in mammalian cells, we have shown that ILK is required for proper cell-matrix adhesion dynamics and fibronectin-based extracellular matrix remodeling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ILK may regulate cell morphology through the activation of the G protein Rac1 via the RhoGEFs of the PIX family. Therefore, ILK emerges as a central regulator of cell behavior and extracellular matrix remodeling
Lina, Gérard. "Diversité des composants bactériens initiateurs de l'activation monocytaire." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T155.
Full textBanz, Alice. "Étude fonctionnelle des cellules régulatrices T CD4+ CD25+." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066013.
Full textVeiga, Fernandez Henrique. "Caractérisation des propriétés des cellules T CD8 mémoires." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N127.
Full textWe showed that on a per cell basis memory T cells are more efficient in dealing with the antigenin vivo than their counter partners, the naive T cells. This different capacity is due to qualitative differences of memory T cells related to division and differentiation into effector functions. Compared to na^ive T cells, memory cells divide after a shorter lag time, have an increased division rate and a lower loss rate. Altogether, these parameters justify the efficient expansion of memory T cells upon in vivo stimulation. To assess the mechanisms underlying these unusual proliferative capacities, we studied the cell cycle arrest and progression of nai͏̈ve and memory T cells ex vivo. Despite the high levels of D cyclins and CDKs, memory T cells
Flippe, Léa. "Etude de la différenciation de cellules souches hématopoïétiques et de cellules T à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=c61a0ae9-8328-4516-a59a-dd4bf879ebb5.
Full textCell therapy using T cells has revolutionized medical care in the last years but limitations are associated with the difficulty of genome editing, the production of sufficient number of cells and product standardization. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can self-renew and differentiate into T cells to provide a standardized homogenous product of defined origin in indefinite quantity, therefore they are of great potential to alleviate limitations of therapeutic T cell production. We describe an efficient protocol for the generation of hematopoietic and T cell progenitors in two steps: generation of hematopoietic progenitor cells from embryoid bodies then directed differentiation of hPSC-derived hematopoietic progenitors into T-cell progenitors in the presence of Notch signaling. We compared the transcriptome of the hematopoietic progenitors differentiated from hPSCs with cord blood HSCs. This revealed that the CD34+CD43+ subset of cells is the closest to cord blood HSCs. Similarly, we compared the T cells differentiated from hPSCs with primary thymus tissue. This revealed that we managed to differentiate cells up to the DN2 step of T cells development in thymus. Moreover, FOXP3 transduction during the differentiation resulted in a significant differentiation of Foxp3+CD3+TCRαβ+CD8+ or Foxp3+CD3+TCRαβ+CD4+ cells. Collectively, these results are of great interest for the study of hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. In addition, this work is a step towards the use of human T cells derived from hiPSCs in cell therapy
Goubier, Anne. "Foie et tolérance périphérique : rôle des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et des cellules NK-T." Lyon 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/30/57/53/PDF/these.pdf.
Full textThe liver is thought to contribute to systemic T cell tolerance, although the precise mechanism of its tolerogenic effect is unclear. This function could be particularely important to induce T cell tolerance to orally absorbed antigen circulating to the liver from the intestine via the portal vein. The aim of our study was to precise the role of the liver in peripheral tolerance and notably in oral tolerance by using a murine model of contact sensitivity to the hapten DNFB, induced by cytotoxic CD8+ effector cells. We have identified two subsets of cells enriched in the liver and involved in the regulation and tolerance of the immune response : i) the plasmacytoid dendritic cells which inhibit the CD8+ T cells response in vivo and play an important role in the induction of oral tolerance and ii) the NK-T cells able to regulate the CD8+ T cells response during the afferent and the efferent phase of the immune response
Chatterjee, Arunima. "Les cellules épithéliales intestinales modulent les réponses cellulaires T médiées par les cellules myéloïdes." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0060.
Full textRetinoids and other derivatives of vitamin A are known to bear important functions in regulating differentiation and proliferation of epithelial cells (EC). We studied the effects of ATRA on colonic EC in combination with different pro-inflammatory activators. We selected the two most potent known pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α for studying the effects of ATRA. When we used these cytokines in the presence or absence of ATRA as inducers of Caco2 colonic EC cell lines we observed that ATRA was responsible for conferring the CD103 cell surface expression on DC and Mf after 6 hrs. In case of CX3CR1 cell surface expression, DC treated with ATRA-conditioned CEC supernatant showed an increase in CX3CR1 expression, whereas in Mf decreased CX3CR1 expression was observed after similar treatment. The fact that ATRA exerted different effects on different cells indicates the capability of ATRA to affect the final outcome of T-lymphocyte responses. In our in vitro system we observed that ATRA treated CEC supernatant can influence the outcome of DC responses when co-cultured with CD4+ T lymphocytes, as the balance of Th17 cells was reduced, while in Mf the number of Th17 cells was significantly increased. Defensins represent an important group of AMP consisting of 16 – 50 amino acids, organized to a structurally conserved compact organization associated with multiple functions in order to act as a first line of defense mechanism. The three subfamilies of defensins (α, β, θ) differ in their peptide length, location of disulphide bonds, their precursor structures and in the site of protein expression. Elevated levels β-defensin 3 in colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis suggest their role in the inflammatory response. In this study we have developed a targeted proteomics based method for the determination of defensin levels in cell lysates and cell culture supernatants. Human Caco2 epithelial cells were challenged with IL-1β as an inflammatory stimulus and the levels of β-defensin 2 was analyzed in cell lysates and in cell culture supernatants. The developed method was validated by using qPCR, quantitative ELISA and Western blot. The gene and protein expression levels of β-defensin 2 were significantly higher in the IL-1β treated samples as compared to the unstimulated controls. Beside β-defensin 2, the levels of β-defensin 3, β-defensin 4 and α-defensin was also measured and showed significantly higher levels in the supernatants of activated Caco2 cells. Our results show that the targeted proteomics method developed here offers an alternative approach for the mass spectrometric analyses of a selected set of defensins
Goubier, Anne Kaiserlian Dominique. "Foie et tolérance périphérique rôle des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et des cellules NK-T /." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/30/57/53/PDF/these.pdf.
Full textLacorre, Delphine Armelle. "Diversité des cellules endothéliales chez l'homme : caractérisation moléculaire du phénotype endothélial cuboïdal, spécialisé dans le recrutement des lymphocytes." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30026.
Full textAndré, Sébastien. "Origine et diversité des lymphocytes T chez un amphibien urodèle, l'axolotl du Mexique : structure, diversité et expression des chaînes légères lambda." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066349.
Full textPoitrasson-Rivière, Maud. "Cellules T DC4+ FOXP3+ régulatrices et tolérance des lymphocytes T CD8+ à la périphérie." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T008.
Full textThe first part of this work showed, in an original mice model, that regulatory CD4+ T cells play an important role in preventing peripheral CD8+ T cell-mediated autoimmunity. We suggest that regulatory CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells induce the generation at the periphery of regulatory CD8+ T cells that can then regulate conventional CD8+ T cells activity. The second part of this work suggests strongly that self-recognition events are required to control autoreactive, potentially pathogenic, conventional T cells. Autoreactivity would thus be necessary for its own control
Ghazal, Khaldoun. "Le rôle des cellules T régulatrices en transplantation hépatique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066225/document.
Full textThe results of liver transplantation (LT) have improved significantly, but long-term graft survival is still a major concern for doctors. It depends on the rejection rates, the recurrence of hepatitis C, and the immunosuppressive treatment and its complications. After LT, the graft reinfection with HCV is constant, and the evolution of chronic hepatitis is faster and more aggressive when compared to the time course before transplantation. It has been suggested the regulatory T cells (Treg) are involved in the induction of tolerance after organ transplantation, and in the persistence of HCV infection by suppressing the HCV-specific T responses. Furthermore, the number and function of Treg are very likely influenced by the immunosuppressive therapy used after transplantation. In this context, my work focuses on the role of Treg cells in the evolution of liver transplantation, and the effects of different treatments used after LT (immunosuppressive and anti-HCV) on this population. The results of my thesis show that the Treg cells (Type-1 regulatory cells, Tr1, in particular) are predictive of the response to the anti-HCV treatment after LT, and that Treg cells are associated with severe evolution of recurrent hepatitis C. I show that mTOR inhibitors have a positive impact on the number of circulating Treg cells in patients who underwent a conversion of therapy from Tacrolimus to a mTOR inhibitor, and that calcinurine inhibitors have different effects on Treg suppressive activity in vitro. In conclusion, we bring evidences on the involvement of Treg cells in HCV recurrence and treatment failure after liver transplantation and in their interaction with immunosuppressive drugs
Soubiès, Sébastien Boullier Séverine. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires concourant à la mobilité des TCR en surface des lymphocytes T." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/2077/1/debouch_2077.pdf.
Full textRimbert, Marie. "Analyse quantitative des cellules dendritiques circulantes et fonction des cellules T régulatrices dans les vascularites à ANCA." Nantes, 2010. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=1dd15105-b866-4054-b5dd-a7a835ef1742.
Full textAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitides are the most common primary systemic small-vessel vasculitis in adults. Dendritic cells and regulatory cells play pivotal roles in controlling both normal and autoimmune adaptive immune responses. In this study, we examine the frequency and phenotype of DC subsets, and the frequency and function of Treg from patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. We observe in these patients firstly, a decrease numbers of DC which is more pronounced and associated with an increased expression of CD62L for patients in acute phase and secondly, a decrease numbers and suppressive function of Treg with a functional defect more pronounced during flares than remission. Taken together, these data point to a role for Treg functional deficiency in the pathogenesis of AAV and relapses, and suggest that DC might be involved in this modulation of Treg suppressive function
Tran, Sophie My-Yen. "Diversité des macrophages dans un modèle murin de stéatohépatite non alcoolique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS468.
Full textKupffer cells (EmKCs), the liver resident macrophages, develop embryonically and self-maintain by local proliferation in the adult independently from blood Ly-6C+ monocytes (MO). However, Ly-6C+ MO can differentiate into inflammatory macrophages derived monocytes (MoDMacs) in an inflamed liver. Here, we study macrophages (Macs) and specifically KCs homeostasis during NASH (a chronic inflammatory liver disease), where the use of KC-specific markers allowed discrimination of EmKCs from MoDMacs. While we validated MoDMacs were derived from Ly-6C+ MO, we revealed that the KC pool was almost half-composed by KCs of monocytic origin (MoKCs) during NASH. That was confirmed by observing the MCDD-fed CCR2 KO mice, which lacked Ly-6C+ MO and had almost no MoDMacs in their livers with a decrease in KCs of 50%. More MoKCs appeared during NASH and were partly immature and hyperproliferative. They engrafted the KCs pool in the long term and self-maintained after disease regression, losing their hyperproliferative state and acquiring mature KCs markers. During NASH, MoKCs generated was a response to EmKCs death and they differentially influenced hepatic triglycerides build-up. Our data suggest functional differences between EmKCs and MoKCs. As a conclusion, KCs homeostasis was significantly reduced during NASH, with long-lasting impact on the KCs pool and direct effect on liver lipid burden
Mahé, Yann. "Mécanismes d'activation des cellules lymphocytaires T : rôle du calcium, des interleukines, des cellules accessoires et activation des protéines kinases." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066378.
Full textSibon, David. "Étude comparative de l'infection des lymphocytes T CD4+ et T CD8+ par HTLV-1 in vivo et ex vivo, et implication dans la genèse de la leucémie/lymphome T de l'adulte." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10295.
Full textMhamdi, Lofti Burais Noël. "Adhérence des cellules Eucaryotes et Procaryotes Concept de biocompatibilité et effets du champ magnétique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/lmhamdi.pdf.
Full textCiurli, Cristina. "Le répertoire des cellules T humaines, analyse moléculaire du récepteur T durant une réponse superantigénique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0009/NQ35581.pdf.
Full textAkhter, Waseem. "Le rôle du transfert de mitochondries des cellules stromales mésenchymateuses (CSM) dans la suppression des réponses des cellules T CD4+ et CD8+." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONT011.
Full textCD8+ Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and CD4+ T helper cells are key effectors in autoimmune, graft versus host diseases and graft rejection. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are self-renewing multipotent cells with tissue repair and immunomodulatory properties. Due to their ability to repress pathogenic immune responses they show therapeutic potential for the treatment of immune mediated diseases. MSCs have the unique ability to export their own mitochondria to neighboring cells in response to injury and inflammation. However, whether mitochondrial transfer occurs and has any role in the repression of CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses is unknown. We have addressed this issue utilizing a transgenic mouse model of disease and allogeneic bone marrow derived MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed:1) MSCs inhibited expansion, gain of effector phenotype and the production of the effector cytokine IFNγ in vitro and the diabetogenic potential in vivo of CD4+ Th1 cells after activation. Remarkably, CD4+ T cells took up mitochondria from MSCs during suppression. The transfer of MSC mitochondria to CD4+ Th1 cells resulted in decreased proliferation and production of IFNγ. Finally, we demonstrated that both MSCs and MSC mitochondria prevent the upregulation of the master Th1 transcription factor on activated CD4+ T cells.2) MSCs decreased the expansion, gain of effector phenotype and the production of the effector cytokine IFNγ in CD8+ T cells after activation in vitro. Notably, we found that during their interaction conducting to suppression, MSCs also transferred mitochondria to CTL. MSC mitochondrial transfer to CD8+ T cells resulted in decreased proliferation and production of IFNγ upon activation contributing to the global suppressive effect of MSCs. Finally, we demonstrated that both MSCs and MSC mitochondria differentially regulate the balance of two transcription factors key for CTL differentiation, T-bet and Eomes, on activated CD8+ T cells
Bachy, Charles. "Phylogénie, diversité et dynamique temporelle chez les ciliés tintinnidés marins." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769949.
Full textDetours, Vincent. "Modeles formels de la selection des cellules b et t." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066120.
Full textOttou, Francine. "Cellules dendritiques plasmocytoïdes : phénotype et fonction des leucémies aiguës dérivées de ces cellules : réponse immune et potentiel tolérogène." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA3014.
Full textTorossian, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude de la diversité des cellules souches mésenchymateuses et hématopoïétiques : caractérisation de canaux calciques et d'un récepteur de SDF-1." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES042.
Full textOur study is based on three research axes : i) calcium homeostasis and its molecular targets in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in order to differentiation ex vivo, ii) MSC heterogeneity and iii) a low affinity receptor for SDF-1 in haematopoietic stem cells. We show homeostasis of MSC implicate the activity of L-, T- and N-type calcium channels, potassium and sodium channels, calcium activated potassium channels, TRPC-1, -2 and -6 calcium channels, sodium/potassium ATPase and sodium/calcium exchanger. Moreover, the use of pharmacological tools or siRNA decrease the proliferation of MSC and sometimes initiate its differentiation. Our results show a differential gene expression between MSC cultures result from different colonies, as indicate the molecular profiles obtained by the technique of differential display RT-PCR, suggesting MSC heterogeneity. Moreover, we indicate SDF-1, a chimiokine known for activation of a high affinity receptor CXCR4, could activate a low affinity receptor syndecan 4. This conclusion is illustrated by microscopy electronic, Western blot and RT-PCR. The functional tests show that effect of a low SDF-1 concentration is inhibited by AMD3100 (CXCR4 antagonist) and its of a high concentration by an antibody anti-SD4
Varthaman, Aditi. "Etude des lymphocytes T CD8+ restreints au Qa-1 : induction et rôle en physiopathologie." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066234.
Full textGuerri, Lucia. "Identification des cellules présentatrices d'antigène qui sélectionnent/induisent les cellules MAIT et T régulatrices dans le thymus." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T045.
Full textSince 1961, when Jacques Miller almost accidentally discovered the function of the thymus, the development of mainstream T cells has been widely studied. A number of smaller populations of T cells, such as mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are currently gaining attention in the field. While little is known of MAIT cell development, Treg cell development is somewhat controversial. The purpose of this thesis has been to determine which types of cell are responsible for the intrathymic selection/induction of these two relatively recently discovered αβT cells that are of interest to our laboratory, i. E. MAIT and Treg cells. To do this we used several in vitro thymic organ culture systems, some of them allowing the manipulation of the cell types present in the thymus during development. We showed that MAIT cell development is intrathymic and independent of peripheral antigens or B cells (although they are both needed for a further phase of peripheral expansion). Further, in order to identify the cell that selects MAIT cells in the thymus, we set up the reaggregate thymic organ culture (RTOC) technique. By the time of writing this thesis, the technical aspects of MAIT RTOCs were established. This means that the first key aspects of MAIT cell intrathymic selection should be revealed in the near future. In a parallel study, we set out to determine the relative contribution of medullary thymic epithelial (mTEC) cells and the three types of thymic dendritic cell (TDC) subpopulations to Treg induction and to unify the conflicting results published on the subject by others. We showed that the four populations were all capable of inducing SP4 into Tregs when loaded with the cognate antigen. However, they did it with very different “intensities”, suggesting that the relative contribution to Treg induction in a normal thymus is different for each of these APC populations. We found that Sirpα- conventional DCs that develop intrathymically (here called cDCthy) were the strongest Treg inducer, followed by Sirpα+ recirculatory cDCs (here called cDCrec). PDC and mTECs were weak Treg inducers in our system. Further, we showed that this difference was not explained by the level of MHC expression on each APC, suggesting that some other still unknown quantitative or qualitative difference between cDCthy and the other thymic APCs must be responsible. Understanding what makes cDCthy more suited for Treg induction will also help identifying what needs to be triggered on a thymocyte for Treg-lineage commitment in the thymus
Quentin, Julie. "Immunomodulation de l'arthrite expérimentale par les cellules dendritiques tolérogènes." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T018/document.
Full textTolerogenic dendritic cells for immumodulation in experimental arthritis.Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that play critical roles in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. Based on their tolerogenic properties, DCs offer potential as therapeutic tools to ameliorate or prevent graft rejection or graft-versus-host disease, or to treat autoimmune disorders.The objectives of my PhD consisted to:- reinforce the tolerogenic potential of DCs by in vitro handling.- assess the capacity of such tolerogenic DCs to induce a protective response in experimental autoimmune arthritis- identify cellular and molecular mechanisms implied in the tolerogenic DCs-induced protectionOur results suggest that, in contrast with conventional DCs, the rapamycin-conditioned iDCs maintain their tolerogenic potential upon injection in inflammatory settings and are able to dampen an already Th1-primed immune response, conferring a protection from arthritis. The protection of the mice was associated with an expansion of the IL-10-secreting CD49b+ Treg in the spleen and liver of the injected mice and a decrease of the Th1 immune response. These results underscore the therapeutic potential of tolerogenic DCs in an established autoimmune disease as well as the anti-inflammatory potential of the CD49b+ Treg cell population induced following DC vaccination
Singh, Ogesh. "Regulatory T cell diversity analysis and a gene transfer approach to cellular immunotherapy in a murine model of type one diabetes." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522749.
Full textGagnon, Christine. "Étude du répertoire de récepteurs de cellules T par une nouvelle méthode." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Find full textBeuneu, Hélène. "Dynamiques cellulaires des lymphocytes T CD8 et des cellules Natural Killer lors de leur activation par les cellules dendritiques dans le ganglion lymphatique." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T064.
Full textCD8 T lymphocytes and Natural Killer (NK) cells are both capable of elimination of infected or turner cells. As is true for T cells, a first interaction between NK cells and dendritic cells (DC) modifies their ability to eliminate target cells. This phenomenon as been reported as « priming » and occurs in the lymph node. It is crucial to understand how and when CD8 T cells and NK cells receive signals from DC and how this process can be regulated. CD4 T cells increase CD8 T cell secondary responses, but their effect on pnmary responses is still controversial. We have developed an experimental model to study the phenomenon of CD4 help. We show that CD4 help increases CD8 T cell capacity to express interleukin-2 receptor and to produce interferon-y during the early phases of the primary response. As early as day one we observe formation of stable clusters containing three cell types: CD8 T cells, CD4 T cells, and DC. Importantly, we show that CD4 help increases DC capacity to interact with CD8 T cells, a phenomenon that is dependent on CD40 engagement on DC surface. We propose that by promoting CD8 T cell-DC encounters, CD4 T cells increase CD8 T cell access to a stimulatory environment. DC are also implicated in NK cell activation following microbial recognition by Toll Like Receptors (TLR). This activation is dependent on NK cell-DC contact, cytokine production IL-15 transpresentation by DC. Using mice in which NK cells and DC express different fluorescent proteins (CDllcYFP x NCRl +/GFP) we have followed endogenous NK cell dynamis at steady state and during activation. We have observed that NK cells are motile, displaying a mean velocity of 9µm/min and establishing numerous transient interactions with DC. NK-DC stable synapses were not detected during activation. Rather, NK cells were found to continuously interact transiently with DC. However, NK cells spend 50% of their time contacting DC so they have ample opportunity to collect information. We propose that by maintaining a high velocity in the lymph node, NK cells efficiently scan a high number of DC and rapidly integrate the local concentration of cytokine produced and presented by the DC network. Finally, observing calcium flux following interaction with DC we suggest that differences in the calcium responses of NK cells and T cells in contact with stimulatory DC provide a plausible explanation for their distinct modes of interaction. To conclude, we can speculate that differences in contact stability correspond to specifie strategies to efficiently collect activating signais that reflect differentiai cellular orchestration between the adaptive and innate immune systems
Filippi, Christophe. "Cellules dentritiques : activation et différenciation des lymphocytes T CD4+ in vivo." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4028.
Full textDuring my Ph. D, I tried to understand why some individuals are more susceptible than others to specific infectious diseases. I focused on the presentation of the Leishmania (L. ) LACK antigen and the activation and differentiation of LACK-specific CD4+ T cells in L. Major-infected mice. The results we obtained indicated that the cells which are responsible for the initiation of LACK-specific CD4 T cell responses in both resistant and susceptible mice are dendritic cells (DCs) which express the surface molecule CD11b. However, while DCs from infected B10. D2 mice preferentially induce Th1 responses, DCs from BALB/c mice induce Th2 responses, probably due to defects in their ability to produce IL-1b. Moreover, this phenomenon is an intrinsic property of BALB/c and B10. D2 DCs, is independant of infection, and can be observed with other antigens than LACK, independently of the haplotype of the mice. Thus, the ability of different individuals to mount Th1 or Th2 responses may be governed by genes which are expressed by DCs. In another study, we showed that the kinetics of activation and expansion of LACK-specific CD4+ T cells from infected resistant and susceptible mice are similar while their phenotypic properties are different. While these cells are high-affinity T cell receptor (TCR)-expressing Th1 cells in B10. D2 mice, they are Th2 cells and express lower affinity TCR in BALB/c mice. These results suggest the existence of a linear relationship between the affinity of the TCR expressed by CD4+ T cells and theire ability to differentiate into Th1 or Th2 effectors. Finally, we showed in a third study that the blockade of the co-stimulatory signals provided by CD86 is able to reverse the polarity of LACK-sepcific CD4+ T cells without modifying the type and affinity of their TCR. The whole of our results enabled us to suggest the existence of genes and mechanisms from both "T" and non "non-T" cell compartments which independently modulate the polarity of CD4 T cell responses in vivo
Rapetti, Vachieri Laëtitia. "Les mécanismes de différenciation des lymphocytes T CD8 en cellules mémoires." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T004.
Full textIn this study, we showed the multiplicity of CD4 T cell help on the different aspects of CDS responses: proliferation, survival, effectors functions and memory cell differentiation. This help involves CD40 signalization and others signals. CD40 expression on APC and on CD8 T cells play a direct and complementary role: CD40 expression on APC is important for CD8 T cell expansion; CD40 expression on CD8 T cells is crucial for their differentiation into memory cell. During secondary response, CD40 deficiency on CD8 T cells alters their expansion, their capacity of control of antigen load, their effectors functions, their sensibility toward activating/surviving cytokines and increases their sensibility toward inhibitory cytokines. CD40 expression on CD8 T cells is also strictly involved into the establishment of the memory cell differentiation program
Jewtoukoff-Randrianarison, Voahangy. "Mise en évidence et caractérisation de cellules t autoréactives anti-oligodendrocytes." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077072.
Full textBerthelot, Laureline Soulillou Jean-Paul. "Etude du répertoire T et de la spécificité des lymphocytes T CD8+ chez des patients atteints de sclérose en plaques." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=52786.
Full textDemoulins, Thomas. "Immunobiologie de la sclérose en plaques : une maladie autoimmune du système nerveux central." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077034.
Full textTouch, Sothea. "Cellules immunitaires dans les maladies cardiométaboliques : altérations phénotypiques et fonctionnelles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066084/document.
Full textA common feature between cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) is a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. In obesity and type-2-diabetes (T2D) notably, insulin resistance has been linked to inflammation in several tissues. The objective of this project is to evaluate the interactions between immune cell alterations and metabolic perturbations in CMDs. In a first study, we investigated intestinal immunity and cytokine production of intestinal T cells in a cohort of lean and obese subjects and evaluated the functional relationship between T cells and enterocytes. We demonstrated that T cell density and cytokine production was increased in the jejunal mucosa of obese subjects and promoted insulin resistance in enterocytes in vitro. In a second study, we characterized mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a subset of T cells recognizing bacterial vitamin B derivatives, in 5 groups of patients with different forms CMDs (metabolic syndrome, obesity, T2D, coronary artery disease with or without heart failure) compared to healthy subjects. We demonstrated that MAIT cell decrease is correlated with HbA1c and is a common feature in all CMD groups. In an ex vivo study, we show that their depletion in the blood could be explained by a higher propensity to apoptosis under high glucose concentrations. Altogether, our findings suggest that the jejunal immune microenvironment could participate in local and systemic metabolic perturbations in human obesity. We also demonstrate that the abundance immune cells, such as circulating MAIT cells could serve as an early marker of cardiometabolic dysfunction
Garnier, Anthony. "Etude de la réponse lymphocytaire TCD4 à l'aide d'un modèle de cellules présentatrices d'antigène artificielles exprimant les molécules HLA de classe II : intérêt en immunothérapie adoptive." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN3157.
Full textHelper CD4 T cells have a key role in coordinating the immune response while regulatory T cells (Tregs) control or regulate it by their immunosuppressive abilities. These different CD4 T cell subpopulations are of interest for adoptive immunotherapy protocols that show promising results. Currently, the main limitation of these therapeutic strategies is the lack of reliable methods for large-scale expansion of antigen (Ag) specific CD4 T cells. In this context, our team has developed a model of artificial antigen presenting cells (AAPC) derived from mouse fibroblasts, expressing HLA class II molecules but also human costimulatory B7. 1 and adhesion ICAM-1 and LFA-3 molecules, essential for lymphocyte activation. Our AAPC HLA-DR are effective to present AG in peptide or protein form. In primary culture, stimulation by AAPC HLA-DR of CD4 T cells isolated from healthy donors induces specific CD4 T cells of Ag of interest (hemagglutinin). We also observe a strong population of non-specific CD4 T cells probably recognizing peptides from murine origin. However, AAPC HLA-DR were more effective than autologous APC to re-stimulate memory CD4 T cells with Th1 profile. Our expansion protocol of specific CD4 T cells using amplification by AAPC HLA-DR of CD4 T cell primed by autologous APC, was able to generate a number of cells compatible with adoptive immunotherapy, around 10 exposant 9 cells from a blood bag. In conclusion, although the Ag presentation by AAPC HLA-DR remains to be optimized, our model represents a useful tool to identify epitopes and to expand specific CD4 T cells. This AAPC HLA-DR model is customizable for the stimulation of different subpopulations of CD4 T cells, including Tregs, through gene transfer of adapted co-stimulatory molecules or specific cytokines
Oldenhove, Guillaume. "Contrôle de la réponse immunitaire induite par les cellules dendritiques: rôle des cellules T régulatrices naturelles ou induites." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210888.
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