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Academic literature on the topic 'Diversità intraspecifica'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Diversità intraspecifica"

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Anisimov, Andrey P., Luther E. Lindler, and Gerald B. Pier. "Intraspecific Diversity of Yersinia pestis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 17, no. 2 (April 2004): 434–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.17.2.434-464.2004.

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SUMMARY Increased interest in the pathogenic potential of Yersinia pestis has emerged because of the potential threats from bioterrorism. Pathogenic potential is based on genetic factors present in a population of microbes, yet most studies evaluating the role of specific genes in virulence have used a limited number of strains. For Y. pestis this issue is complicated by the fact that most strains available for study in the Americas are clonally derived and thus genetically restricted, emanating from a strain of Y. pestis introduced into the United States in 1902 via marine shipping and subsequent spread of this strain throughout North and South America. In countries from the former Soviet Union (FSU), Mongolia, and China there are large areas of enzootic foci of Y. pestis infection containing genetically diverse strains that have been intensely studied by scientists in these countries. However, the results of these investigations are not generally known outside of these countries. Here we describe the variety of methods used in the FSU to classify Y. pestis strains based on genetic and phenotypic variation and show that there is a high level of diversity in these strains not reflected by ones obtained from sylvatic areas and patients in the Americas.
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Anisimov, Andrey P., Luther E. Lindler, and Gerald B. Pier. "Intraspecific Diversity of Yersinia pestis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 17, no. 3 (July 2004): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.17.3.695.2004.

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Ceccarelli, M., V. Sarri, M. E. Caceres, and P. G. Cionini. "Intraspecific genotypic diversity in plants." Genome 54, no. 9 (September 2011): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g11-039.

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Variations in the nuclear DNA, mainly as a result of quantitative modulations of DNA repeats belonging to different sequence families of satellite DNA and to the activity of transposable elements, have been assessed within several angiosperm species. These variations alter the amount and organization of the DNA and therefore the genotype, rather than the genome proper. They take place on an evolutionary time scale as the result of selection processes after the occurrence of uncontrolled events in the genome or may be due to direct responses of plant genomes to environmental stimuli that occur under plant-level control within a short developmental period of a single generation. These DNA changes are correlated to changes in the developmental dynamics and phenotypic characteristics of the plants, and the capability to carry out genotypic variation is an evolutionary trait that allows plant species to adapt to different environmental conditions, as well as to the variability of conditions in a given environment. The link between developmental and environmental stimuli and repetitive DNA that elicits the intraspecific diversity of plant genotypes may provide models of evolutionary change that extend beyond the conventional view of evolution by allelic substitution and take into account epigenetic effects of the genome structure.
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Cantone, Frank A., and John D. Vandenberg. "Intraspecific diversity in Paecilomyces fumosoroseus." Mycological Research 102, no. 2 (February 1998): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756297004590.

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Batasheva, B. A., and A. A. Al’derov. "Intraspecific diversity of common barley precocity." Russian Agricultural Sciences 35, no. 1 (February 2009): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068367409010054.

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Talukdar, K., and S. Sen. "INTRASPECIFIC GENETIC DIVERSITY IN ALLIUM ASCALONICUM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 433 (May 1997): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.433.22.

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Cianciaruso, M. V., M. A. Batalha, K. J. Gaston, and O. L. Petchey. "Including intraspecific variability in functional diversity." Ecology 90, no. 1 (January 2009): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1864.1.

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Sanz-Cortés, F., D. E. Parfitt, C. Romero, D. Struss, G. Llacer, and M. L. Badenes. "Intraspecific olive diversity assessed with AFLP." Plant Breeding 122, no. 2 (April 2003): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00808.x.

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Araújo, Márcio S., and Raul Costa-Pereira. "Latitudinal gradients in intraspecific ecological diversity." Biology Letters 9, no. 6 (December 23, 2013): 20130778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0778.

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The increase in the number of species with decreasing latitude is a striking pattern of global biodiversity. An important feature of studies of this pattern up to now has been the focus on species as the fundamental unit of interest, neglecting potential within-species ecological diversity. Here, we took a new perspective on this topic by measuring the degree to which individuals within populations differ in niche attributes across a latitudinal gradient (range: 54.01° S to 69.12° N). We show that 156 populations of 76 species across a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate animal taxa contain more ecologically diverse assemblages of individuals towards lower latitudes. Our results add a new level of complexity to our understanding of global patterns of biodiversity and suggest the possibility that niche variation is partly responsible for the latitudinal gradients of species diversity.
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Lin, Meilan, Deborah A. Payne, and John R. Schwarz. "Intraspecific Diversity of Vibrio vulnificus in Galveston Bay Water and Oysters as Determined by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA PCR." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 6 (June 2003): 3170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.6.3170-3175.2003.

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ABSTRACT Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR was used to analyze the temporal and spatial intraspecific diversity of 208 Vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from Galveston Bay water and oysters at five different sites between June 2000 and June 2001. V. vulnificus was not detected during the winter months (December through February). The densities of V. vulnificus in water and oysters were positively correlated with water temperature. Cluster analysis of RAPD PCR profiles of the 208 V. vulnificus isolates revealed a high level of intraspecific diversity among the strains. No correlation was found between the intraspecific diversity among the isolates and sampling site or source of isolation. After not being detected during the winter months, the genetic diversity of V. vulnificus strains first isolated in March was 0.9167. Beginning in April, a higher level of intraspecific diversity (0.9933) and a major shift in population structure were observed among V. vulnificus isolates. These results suggest that a great genetic diversity of V. vulnificus strains exists in Galveston Bay water and oysters and that the population structure of this species is linked to changes in environmental conditions, especially temperature.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diversità intraspecifica"

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Fourtune, Lisa. "Patrons de diversité inter- et intraspécifique dans les réseaux dendritiques d'eau douce : implications pour leur fonctionnement et leur conservation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30020/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse a été de caractériser les patrons spatiaux de diversité inter- et intraspécifique au sein des réseaux dendritiques, d'expliciter les processus évolutifs et écologiques qui les sous-tendent, et d'isoler les possibles covariations spatiales et interactions existant entre ces différentes facettes de biodiversité. Pour cela, j'ai tout d'abord développé de nouvelles méthodes statistiques permettant l'analyse, par des modèles causaux, de données sous la forme de matrices de distances, afin de pouvoir analyser plusieurs facettes de biodiversité dans un unique cadre statistique au niveau alpha et bêta. J'ai par la suite étudié de manière intégrative les patrons de diversité interspécifique et intraspécifique génétique d'une part, et intraspécifique génétique et intraspécifique phénotypique d'autre part, au sein du bassin versant Garonne- Dordogne. Enfin, j'ai utilisé un modèle de dynamique éco-évolutive afin d'étudier l'impact de la structure et des gradients environnementaux caractérisant les réseaux dendritiques sur l'adaptation locale au sein de ces réseaux
The aim of this thesis was to characterized the spatial patterns of inter- and intraspecific diversity within riverine networks, to better understand the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying them and to explore how the different facets of biodiversity interact with one another. First, I developed novel statistical approaches allowing the application of causal modeling to data in the form of pairwise matrices, thus allowing the study within integrative frameworks of several biodiversity facets at the alpha and beta levels. I then studied integratively the patterns of interspecific and intraspecific genetic diversity and of intraspecific genetic and intraspecific phenotypic diversity within the Garonne-Dordogne river basin. Finally, I used an eco-evolutionary metapopulation dynamics model to assess the impacts of the structure and environmental gradients that characterize riverine networks on local adaptation
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Lundgren, Marjorie. "Investigating intraspecific physiological diversity to understand complex trait evolution." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9205/.

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Bilton, Mark C. "Impacts of intraspecific genetic diversity on plant interactions and coexistence." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490330.

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Lee, Bo-Hyung. "High thoughput study of biofilm and virulence in Listeria monocytogenes using innovative approaches." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC017.

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Listeria monocytogenes est un pathogène d'origine alimentaire à multiples facettes caractérisé par sa capacité d'adaptation dans des conditions défavorables et par sa prolifération dans une vaste gamme d'environnements, du sol aux cellules hôtes des mammifères. L'hétérogénéité génétique de L. monocytogenes se reflète dans sa structure clonale diversifiée, ce qui corrèle, dans une certaine mesure, avec des traits phénotypiques tels que la virulence ou la résistance au stress. La thèse portait sur deux phénotypes les plus éminents, la formation d'un biofilm et le potentiel de virulence, sous différents angles et à l'aide des technologies les plus récentes. Tout au long des études, des grands panels d'isolats ont été utilisés pour représenter la diversité intraspécifique. Stimulants défavorables tels que le choc froid et la privation d'éléments nutritifs induits par l'étape d'adhésion bactérienne. L'ajout de NaCl aux cultures de croissance a stimulé la production de biofilm et, de manière surprenante, il a considérablement intensifié la maturation du biofilm de cellules privées de nutriments. Un degré élevé de variation de la productivité relative du biofilm a été observé parmi les sérotypes, les génotypes, de même que les isolats selon les conditions de culture. Cependant, un certain génotype (complexe clonal 26) a révélé de manière caractéristique une production de biofilm plus élevée à froid (10°C), suggérant une association du génotype avec le phénotype du biofilm. Pan-GWAS a identifié un certain nombre de gènes parmi lesquels ceux impliqués dans des fonctions telles que la ‘transformation/compétence’, les ‘gènes liés aux phages’ et le ‘métabolisme du phosphate’ devront faire l'objet d'études plus approfondies sur leur rôle dans la formation du biofilm. L'analyse du séquençage de l'ARN a révélé une grande hétérogénéité intraspécifique dans les profils de transcriptome basal qui mettaient en évidence le rôle du réseau de régulation, y compris certains facteurs transcriptionnels avec des rôles clés dans la virulence tels que σB, PrfA, et CodY. La plasticité transcriptomique entre les lignées I et II ainsi que les génotypes hyper et hypovirulents ont confirmé les caractéristiques évolutives et épidémiologiques de L. monocytogenes. De plus, la voie métabolique centrale a été impliquée dans l'infection dans le système modèle de Galleria mellonella. En conclusion, la thèse a exploré la diversité intraspécifique de L. monocytogenes et a donné lieu à de nombreux résultats phénotypiques, génomiques et transcriptomiques. Grâce à l'approche intégrative des omiques en listeriologie, le présent travail contribuera à dévoiler la physiologie et la pathogenèse de la bactérie
Conditions and proliferation in a wide range of environments from soil to mammalian host cells. The genetic heterogeneity in L. monocytogenes is reflected on its diversified clonal structure which correlates, to some extent, with phenotypic traits such as virulence or stress resistance. The thesis investigated two most prominent phenotypes, biofilm formation and virulence potential, from various perspectives using state-of-the art technologies. Throughout the studies, large panels of isolates were used to represent the intraspecific diversity. Unfavourable stimuli such as cold shock and nutrient deprivation induced bacterial adhesion step. Addition of NaCl to growth cultures stimulated biofilm production and, surprisingly, it significantly intensified biofilm maturation of nutrient-deprived cells. High degree of variation in relative biofilm productivity was observed among serotypes, genotypes, as well as isolates across culture conditions, however, certain genotype (clonal complex 26) revealed distinctively higher biofilm production under cold temperature (10°C) suggesting an association of genotype with biofilm phenotype. Pan-GWAS identified a number of genes among which those implicated in functions such as ‘transformation/competence’, ‘phage-related genes’, and ‘metabolism of phosphate’ will need further investigations for their roles in biofilm formation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed high intraspecific heterogeneity in basal transcriptome profiles that featured the role of regulatory network including certain transcriptional factors with key roles in virulence such as σB, PrfA, and CodY. The transcriptomic plasticity between lineage I and II as well as hyper- and hypovirulent genotypes supported the evolutionary and epidemiological characteristics of L. monocytogenes. Moreover, the central metabolic pathway was implicated in the infection in Galleria mellonella model system. Conclusively, the thesis explored intraspecific diversity in L. monocytogenes and resulted in ample phenotypic, genomic, and transcriptomic findings. With the integrative omics approach in listeriology, the present work will contribute to unveiling the physiology and pathogenesis of the bacterium
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Guo, Xiaohui [Verfasser]. "The interaction effect of soil organisms and plant intraspecific diversity on ecosystem functions / Xiaohui Guo." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082238023/34.

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Smith, Alyssa Laney. "Adaptation of an invasive grass to agriculture: ecological and genomic evidence." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77930.

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Species vary phenotypically and genetically across their environmental range limits, and this variation can influence ecological processes. Ecologically meaningful intraspecific variation might be particularly important in the context of agricultural weeds and exotic invaders, because intraspecific variation in these species might allow them to rapidly adapt to their unusually dynamic and variable environments. In a greenhouse study, we explored intraspecific variation in the size, rhizome production, and competitive ability of the global invader, Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), representing populations from agricultural and non-agricultural habitats across its introduced North American range. We also used these populations to explore the relationship between phenotypic variation and genomic endoreduplication responses to the common stresses herbicides, competition, and clipping. Endoreduplication occurs when plants increase their genome size by increasing their nuclear chromosome number, with some evidence showing correlations with stress response. We found that Johnsongrass plants from agricultural habitats were larger than plants from non-agricultural habitats, but there was no difference between habitats in either rhizome production or competitive ability. Two of the five herbicides we tested, primisulfuron and imazethapyr, had the strongest suppressive effects on Johnsongrass, and also stimulated the greatest rates of endoreduplication. Furthermore, agricultural populations showed higher levels of endoreduplication. We found no overall effect of competition on endoreduplication, although endoreduplication was higher for non-agricultural populations than agricultural populations. When competing with corn, but not with conspecifics, Johnsongrass roots increased endoreduplication by 13%. Clipping induced substantial endoreduplication, but there was no difference between agricultural and non-agricultural populations. Our results suggest that endoreduplication may play a role in some, but not all, stress responses in Johnsongrass. Furthermore, our results indicate that Johnsongrass has adapted in some phenotypic and genomic ways to agricultural habitats in North America. Such adaptation may play a role in this species' success as both an agricultural weed and an exotic invader.
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Ferreira, Luciana Bastos. "Diversidade intraespecífica em Gracilaria domingensis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta): estudos fisiológicos na interpretação do polimorfismo de cor." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-18022009-114904/.

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O presente trabalho analisou as fases gametofítica e tetrasporofítica de morfos verde, vermelho e marrons de Gracilaria domingensis em laboratório. A capacidade reprodutiva foi testada considerando-se: i, número de cistocarpos diferenciados; ii, número de carpósporos e tetrásporos liberados; iii, diâmetro desses esporos; e iv, sobrevivência de carpósporos e tetrásporos, esse último em diferentes condições de irradiância, nutrientes, e radiação ultravioleta. A capacidade somática foi testada em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento por meio da análise dos seguintes parâmetros: i, taxas de crescimento em diferentes condições nutricionais; ii, taxas de crescimento em diferentes condições de radiação ultra-violeta; iii, atividade da enzima nitrato redutase em diferentes condições nutricionais; iv, taxas de fotossíntese; e v, síntese de aminoácidos semelhantes a micosporinas (MAAs) em diferentes condições de radiação UV-B. Uma das únicas diferenças observadas na capacidade reprodutiva entre as linhagens foi o maior período de liberação de carpósporos derivados dos cruzamentos envolvendo apenas gametófitos vermelhos. Essa característica disponibilizaria uma maior quantidade de propágulos dessa linhagem, trazendo vantagens competitivas em relação às demais no ambiente natural. Plantas verdes mostraram maiores valores de fotossíntese máxima, maior síntese de MAAs quando expostas à radiação UV-B, e maior teor de proteínas solúveis totais quando comparadas às plantas vermelhas. Essas respostas sugerem adaptações a ambientes oligotróficos e com intensa luminosidade. Foi observada heterose nas linhagens de tetrasporófitos marrons (VmVd ou VdVm) com relação a pelo menos um dos seguintes parâmetros: fotossíntese máxima e eficiência fotossintetizante; taxas de crescimento; conteúdo de proteínas solúveis totais; atividade da NR; e sobrevivência de carpósporos. Esse vigor híbrido, pelo menos quanto a alguns aspectos, favoreceria a manutenção do alelo verde na natureza. As linhagens de tetrasporófitos marrons apresentaram desempenho distinto quando comparadas entre si com relação a sobrevivência de esporos e taxas de crescimento, indicando que os dois genótipos se expressam de forma diferente frente a condições abióticas distintas. O número de carpósporos liberados foi semelhante ao de tetrásporos considerando-se a massa fresca das plantas férteis, porém, a sobrevivência desses últimos foi sempre maior. O desempenho somático e reprodutivo de tetrasporófitos foi maior que o de gametófitos na maior parte das condições testadas, independentemente da linhagem. Esses resultados demonstraram que as diferentes fases do histórico de vida de G. domingensis têm características metabólicas distintas, o que confere às plantas uma maior plasticidade fenotípica. As diferenças detectadas entre as linhagens no presente trabalho foram discretas. Caso as vantagens proporcionadas pelo alelo verde fossem muito superiores às apresentadas pelo alelo vermelho, ou vice-versa, seria esperado que, ao longo do tempo, uma das duas formas excluísse a outra. A coexistência dos morfos, porém, indica que cada um deles deve ocupar um nicho ligeiramente distinto do outro, o que confere à espécie vantagens frente a ambientes heterogêneos e/ou mudanças ambientais, possibilitando uma maior capacidade de adaptação.
This work investigated gametophytic and tetrasporophytic phases of green, red and brown morphs of Gracilaria domingensis in laboratory. The reproductive performance was tested considering the following: i, number of cystocarps produced; ii, number of carpospores and tetraspores released; iii, diameter of these spores; and iv, survival of carpospores and tetraspores in different nutrient, irradiance and UV-B conditions. The somatic performance of different life phases was tested considering the following: i, growth rates on different nutritional conditions; ii, growth rates on different UV-B conditions; iii, nitrate reductase (NR) activity on different nutritional conditions; iv, photosynthetic rates; and v, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) synthesis on different UV-B conditions. Carpospores originated by the cross of red males x red females were released by a longer period of time when compared to the other carpospores strains. This was almost the only difference found in the reproductive performance among different strains, and could make a greater number of the red strain propagules available for settling. This result could represent competitive advantages in the natural environment. Green plants showed greater values of maximum photosynthesis, a greater MAAs synthesis when exposed to UV-B radiation, and greater amounts of total soluble proteins when compared to the red plants. These responses suggest adaptations to high irradiances and oligotrophic environments. Heterosis was observed in one of the two brown tetrasporophyte strains considering, at least, one of the following parameters: maximum photosynthesis and photosynthetic efficiency; growth rates; total soluble proteins content; NR activity; and survival of carpospores. The heterosis related to these aspects could favor the maintenance of the green allele in nature. The two brown tetrasporophytic strains showed different performance considering the survival of spores and growth rates, which indicates that the two genotypes are expressed in different ways depending on the abiotic conditions. The number of spores released was the same for carpospores and tetraspores when expressed by the fresh biomass of the fertile plants. However, survival of tetraspores was always higher. The somatic and reproductive performance of tettrasporphytes were higher than the gametophytes ones for most of the conditions tested, regardless the strain. These results demonstrate that the different life phases of G. domingensis have specific metabolic characteristics, which contributes to a higher phenotypic plasticity of this species. The differences found among the strains were slight. If the green allele promoted very superior advantages when compared to the ones promoted by the red allele, or vice-versa, it would be expected that, within time, one of the two morphs would exclude the other. The coexistence of the morphs, however, indicates that each one of them must occupy a slightly different niche, which provides advantages to the species concerning heterogonous environments, and /or environmental changes, and enable it with a greater adaptative capacity.
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Raffard, Allan. "Rôle écologique de la biodiversité intraspécifique en milieu aquatique." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24405/1/Raffard_Allan.pdf.

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Le déclin actuel de la biodiversité a poussé un grand nombre d’études à s’intéresser aux relations entre la biodiversité et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. La diversité intraspécifique est une facette centrale de la biodiversité qui permet aux espèces de s’adapter aux variations environnementales et dont l’importance écologique est de plus en plus examinée. A l’aide d’une méta-analyse synthétisant des données sur plusieurs espèces et écosystèmes, nous avons démontré qu’un changement de la diversité intraspécifique peut avoir des conséquences écologiques aussi fortes qu’un changement de la diversité spécifique. Ensuite, au travers d’études empiriques nous avons étudié la diversité fonctionnelle et trophique de populations sauvages de vairons (Phoxinus phoxinus), une espèce de poisson abondante en rivière. Une forte variabilité fonctionnelle et trophique a été montrée entre populations de vairons. Cette diversité était structurée de manière complexe du fait de l’action jointe des conditions environnementales, de facteurs évolutifs et des multiples liens existants entre les traits et la niche trophique. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré expérimentalement que les différences fonctionnelles entre populations de vairons pouvaient engendrer des conséquences écologiques aussi fortes qu’une augmentation de la température. De plus, des populations plus diversifiées génétiquement soutenaient des diversités spécifiques élevées puis augmentaient l’intensité des processus écosystémiques. Ces travaux mettent en évidence que la diversité intraspécifique est une composante essentielle de la biodiversité qui doit être considérée comme un facteur majeur affectant la structure des communautés et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes
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Hulshof, Catherine Marie. "The Role of Plant Trait Variation in Community Assembly and Plant Diversity at Local to Continental Scales." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265572.

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The trait based approach has been proposed as a way to reconcile community ecology. Despite recent advances in trait based ecology, such as the development of global trait databases and standardized methodology for trait collections, it remains unclear to what degree traits vary across individuals, species, and communities. In addition, the drivers of trait variation may shed light on the underlying processes that maintain species diversity and community assembly at local to continental scales yet these have been poorly studied. In this study, I examine both the magnitude of trait variation as well as the patterns of trait variation at local to continental scales in order to understand the drivers of diversity patterns across environmental gradients. First, I quantified the magnitude of trait variation at local scales in a dry tropical forest and determined that intraspecific variation is not negligible and can be quite large for compound-leaved species. However, I showed that the sample sizes necessary for quantifying trait variation are tractable and should encourage the adoption of trait variation in trait based ecology. Second, I tested whether climatic variables are predominantly responsible for observed trait variation across dry tropical forests in the Americas. I showed that climatic variability, specifically variability in precipitation, explained a large degree of observed trait variation across dry tropical forests and may provide a unique approach for classifying dry tropical forests based on their inherent degree of climatic seasonality. Third, I quantified patterns of trait variation at continental scales across elevational gradients at high to low latitudes. I showed that climatic variables largely drive patterns of trait variation at high latitudes while biotic factors largely drive patterns of trait variation at low, tropical latitudes. This finding has implications for understanding large-scale patterns of species diversity across elevational and latitudinal gradients. Finally, I apply trait variation to life history theory by quantifying variation in two life history traits (growth and reproduction) in a tropical tree species using a legacy dataset. I showed that variation in these two life history traits is due to both resource availability and allometric related effects on both traits. In sum, this study advances our understanding of the magnitude and underlying drivers of trait variation at local to continental scales.
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Gautier, Charlotte. "Décrypter la modulation de la biosynthèse d’enniatines par Fusarium avenaceum sous l’effet de stress abiotiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0266.

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Fusarium avenaceum est un champignon filamenteux pathogène de nombreuses plantes et est un des acteurs majeurs de la fusariose de l’épi chez le blé et l’orge. Durant l’infection, des métabolites secondaires toxiques pour l’homme et les animaux (mycotoxines) telles que les enniatines sont produites par ce champignon. Les enniatines appartiennent au groupe de mycotoxines dîtes « émergentes » : même si connues depuis 1950, leur présence en quantités importantes et croissantes dans les aliments n’a été mise en évidence que depuis une vingtaine d’année. Actuellement la présence d’enniatines n’est pas surveillée de manière systématique dans les récoltes céréalières, les enniatines ne sont pas soumises à réglementation alors qu’elles sont omniprésentes dans les récoltes et parfois à des concentrations élevées. La diversité des souches productrices ainsi que les mécanismes par lesquels la biosynthèse d’enniatines peut être modulée au cours de l’infection de la plante et/ou en réponse aux conditions environnementales sont mal connus. Ce manque de connaissances constitue un frein à la mise au point d’outils de contrôle et de gestion de l’état sanitaire des récoltes. C’est pourquoi cette étude s’est attachée à apporter de premiers éléments de réponse sur la diversité phénotypique au sein de l’espèce F. avenaceum. Un des facteurs étudiés a concerné la réponse aux variations de pH en termes de croissance et de toxinogénèse et a mis en évidence des comportements très différents entre les isolats. Pour aller plus loin, le rôle de FavPac1, l’homologue de pacC/RIM101 codant un facteur de régulation de l’homéostasie du pH chez les champignons, a été étudié. Des mutants délétés pour ce gène, mutants Fav∆Pac1, ont été construits pour quatre souches de F. avenaceum et ont permis de suggérer l’implication de ce facteur de transcription non seulement dans la régulation de l’expression des gènes de biosynthèse, mais aussi dans la modulation de la production d’enniatines en réponse au pH. Enfin, dans le cadre de la recherche d’inhibiteurs naturels pouvant se substituer aux fongicides de synthèse, nos travaux ont démontré la capacité de certains composés phénoliques à inhiber la production d’enniatines associée à un contrôle transcriptionnel des gènes de biosynthèse et ont mis en évidence l’efficacité élevée de l’acide férulique
Fusarium avenaceum is a filamentous fungus infecting many plants and is one of the causal agents of the Fusarium Head Blight disease in wheat and barley. During plant infection, the fungus can produce secondary metabolites that are toxic for human and livestock (mycotoxins), among which the enniatins. Enniatins belong to the group of “emerging mycotoxins”: first identified as early as 1950, the increasing occurrence of enniatins has only been documented over the last twenty years. Currently, enniatins are neither routinely analysed in grain harvests nor legislatively regulated, even though they are widespread and can be encountered in high concentrations. Diversity of enniatin-producing strains as well as the mechanisms by which their biosynthesis can be modulated during plant infection and/or in response to environmental conditions are poorly known. These gaps of knowledge hinder the development of tools for controlling and mitigating their presence in crops. In the present study, a comprehensive characterisation of the phenotypic diversity within the F. avenaceum species has been carried out. One of the studied phenotypic traits was the effect of pH variations on the fungal growth and toxin production, which has led to evidence various response profiles between strains. To go further, the role of FavPac1, the homologue of pacC/RIM101 encoding a transcriptional factor involved in the response to ambient pH in fungi, has been studied. Construction and phenotyping of deleted mutants, Fav∆Pac1, for four different F. avenaceum isolates have allowed suggesting an involvement of FavPac1 in the modulation of enniatin production and of the expression of biosynthetic genes induced by pH variations. Lastly, with the aim to identify alternatives to synthetic fungicides, the capacity of plant phenolic compounds to inhibit the yield of enniatins has been investigated. The antifungal and anti-mycotoxin properties of hydroxycinnamic acids have been shown; ferulic acid has been highlighted as the most potent compound
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Books on the topic "Diversità intraspecifica"

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Intraspecific Genetic Diversity. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30963-2.

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Altukhov, Yuri Petrovich. Intraspecific Genetic Diversity: Monitoring, Conservation, and Management. Springer London, Limited, 2006.

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Intraspecific Genetic Diversity: Monitoring, Conservation, and Management. Springer, 2005.

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Altukhov, Yuri Petrovich P. Intraspecific Genetic Diversity: Monitoring, Conservation, and Management. Springer, 2010.

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Naczi, Robert F. C. Systematics and evolution of Sarraceniaceae. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0009.

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The western hemisphere pitcher plants (Sarraceniaceae) are a family of about 35 species of carnivorous flowering plants native to portions of North America and northern South America. Molecular and morphological data diagnose three monophyletic, divergent genera: Darlingtonia (1 species, western Oregon and northern California, USA), Heliamphora (23 species, southern Venezuela and small portions of adjacent Brazil and Guyana), and Sarracenia (8–11 species, portions of eastern and northern North America). In contrast to the genera, species within Heliamphora and Sarracenia are morphologically and molecularly similar. Speciation is little understood in Sarraceniaceae, but intraspecific genetic diversity, hybridization, and heterochrony may be important factors. Ancestral Sarraceniaceae probably originated in South America, then migrated to North America where they became widespread. Subsequently, disjunctions formed, and the genera diverged. Despite numerous recent advances, understanding of Sarraceniaceae evolution and systematics remains incomplete.
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Book chapters on the topic "Diversità intraspecifica"

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Monier, Brandon, Vincent Peta, Jerry Mensah, and Heike Bücking. "Inter- and Intraspecific Fungal Diversity in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis." In Mycorrhiza - Function, Diversity, State of the Art, 253–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53064-2_12.

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Tarshis, L. G., and G. I. Tarshis. "Morphological intraspecific diversity of below-ground organs in herbs and dwarf shrubs inhabiting the Urals." In Root Demographics and Their Efficiencies in Sustainable Agriculture, Grasslands and Forest Ecosystems, 155–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5270-9_13.

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Bell, Rayna C., Luis M. P. Ceríaco, Lauren A. Scheinberg, and Robert C. Drewes. "The Amphibians of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 479–504. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_18.

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AbstractThis chapter reviews the diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecology, and conservation of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands’ endemic caecilian and anuran fauna. A total of nine amphibian species (representing five families) are known from São Tomé and Príncipe islands, all of which are endemic. No amphibians have been reported from Annobón. Taxonomic research on this group of animals began in the second half of the nineteenth century with subsequent refinement following the advent of molecular techniques. The presence of several amphibians from distinct evolutionary lineages is unexpected for oceanic islands and has motivated several biogeographic studies to reconstruct the evolutionary histories of these enigmatic species. Yet, the continental source for many of the islands’ amphibians remains unknown. The amphibians of São Tomé and Príncipe also exhibit intriguing phenotypic diversity for addressing long-standing hypotheses in evolutionary biology, including body size evolution and gigantism on islands, intraspecific variation and interspecific divergence in coloration, and reproductive and dietary niche partitioning. Recent studies have confirmed the presence of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibian communities on both São Tomé and Príncipe, but it is unclear whether this pathogen is negatively impacting local populations. Most of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic island endemic amphibians are incredibly abundant and widespread, occurring in primary forest, secondary forest, and agricultural habitats across the islands. Three anuran species (Hyperolius thomensis, Leptopelis palmatus, Ptychadena newtoni) have more limited distributions and/or more specialized ecologies; consequently, additional land-use change poses a threat to the long-term persistence of these taxa.
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Till-Bottraud, Irène, and Myriam Gaudeul. "Intraspecific Genetic Diversity in Alpine Plants." In Mountain Biodiversity, 23–34. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429342585-2.

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Tseng, Mei-Chen, Chuen-Tan Jean, Peter J., and Yin-Huei Hung. "Interspecific and Intraspecific Genetic Diversity of Thunnus Species." In Analysis of Genetic Variation in Animals. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/33542.

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Doebeli, Michael. "Adaptive Diversification Due to Cooperative Interactions." In Adaptive Diversification (MPB-48). Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691128931.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on adaptive diversification due to cooperative interactions. If predation has received less attention than competition as a cause for the origin and maintenance of diversity, mutualistic interactions have fared even worse. There is quite a substantial theoretical literature on the ecology of mutualistic interactions, but only a few studies have investigated mutualism as a potential driver of diversification. There is of course a rather huge literature on the evolution of intraspecific cooperation, and many of these models implicitly address the problem of coexistence between cheaters and cooperators, and hence the maintenance of diversity. However, the origin of diversity in cooperative contributions has only recently been investigated. Most models of cooperation assume that cooperators make a costly contribution to a public good, which is then distributed among certain members of the population.
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Hendry, Andrew P. "Community Structure." In Eco-evolutionary Dynamics. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691145433.003.0008.

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This chapter begins with an outline of mathematical approaches for evaluating how genotypes/phenotypes might alter community structure, which points to predictions about when such effects should be strongest in nature. It then summarizes common approaches for empirical work, which might be broadly classed as (1) the effects of genotypes/phenotypes within and among populations, and (2) the year-by-year correspondence between phenotypic change and community change. These key questions examine the current state of knowledge for two classic applications of evolutionary thinking to community theory: predator–prey interactions and competition. The chapter also considers the importance of intraspecific genetic diversity for community structure, which echoes and extends the intense interest surrounding the effects of interspecific diversity.
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V., M., S. A., and A. E. "Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Causal Agent of Tan Spot: A Review of Intraspecific Genetic Diversity." In The Molecular Basis of Plant Genetic Diversity. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/33516.

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Hendry, Andrew P. "Ecosystem Function." In Eco-evolutionary Dynamics. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691145433.003.0009.

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This chapter explores how the mathematical frameworks, empirical methods, and predictions introduced for community structure can be extended to ecosystem function. Also outlined is an alternative conceptual framework (biological stoichiometry) for evaluating eco-evolutionary dynamics at the ecosystem level. The key questions in this analysis include the importance of intraspecific diversity, the relative strength of the various effects, on what time scales do the effects play out, and to what extent are the effects direct or indirect. The chapter also addresses whether the effects of genotypes decrease toward higher levels of complexity (from phenotypes to communities to ecosystems), and to what extent feedbacks are evident-traits influence ecosystems which then influence traits.
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Macedo, Andréa M., and Marcela Segatto. "Implications of Trypanosoma cruzi Intraspecific Diversity in the Pathogenesis of Chagas Disease." In American Trypanosomiasis, 489–522. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-384876-5.00020-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Diversità intraspecifica"

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Martinez-Rodriguez, Paloma. "Exploring and exploiting intraspecific diversity in the genusTrichogramma." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93816.

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DUPONT, S., G. VANDEMEULEBROECKE, J. MALLEFET, M. T. COSTANZO, and L. SALPIETRO. "EFFECT OF HABITAT ON INTRASPECIFIC DIVERSITY OF BIOLUMINESCENCE OF THE OPHIUROID AMPHIPHOLIS SQUAMATA." In Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811158_0013.

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Paterson, Audrey, Brooke L. Long, S. Jean Lim, Broc S. Kokesh, Abigail Harmon, Laurie C. Anderson, Barbara J. Campbell, and Annette Summers Engel. "INTRASPECIFIC VARIABILITY OF VALVE MORPHOLOGY AND ENDOSYMBIONT DIVERSITY AMONG LUCINIDAE FROM SHALLOW MARINE HABITATS." In 67th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018se-313129.

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Denoël, Mathieu. "Intraspecific diversity, a hidden decline: A focus on paedomorphic newts in the context of fish introductions." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107225.

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