Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diversification of food supplies'
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Al-Qassemi, Rasha A. "Aspects of behaviour of Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with water supplies." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288687.
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Brockhaus, Jan [Verfasser]. "The Role of Storage and Information in Stabilizing Food Prices and Supplies / Jan Brockhaus." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113749032/34.
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Leiva, Akssell. "THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING IRRIGATION SUPPLIES RISK: THE CASE OF RIO MAYO IRRIGATION DISTRICT IN SONORA, MEXICO." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2006. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyagec2006d00390/Leiva%5FDissertation.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2006.Title from document title page (viewed on March 28, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 150 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-149).
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McNeely, James Noah. "The design of a mechanical device for making baby food." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23159.
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Söderström, Charlotte. "Measuring microbial activity with an electronic tongue /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/tek816s.pdf.
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Dorsey, Sarah Gayle. "Measuring the impact of integration and diversification on firm value in the food industry." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/229.
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Bianco, Magda. "Diversification patterns : theory and evidence for the food industry in the U.K. and Italy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1383/.
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The thesis is organized around two closely interlinked questions: (a) At a theoretical level, is it the case that diversification activities driven by economies of scope should lead to a positive correlation between diversification and profitability (b) Empirically, can a theoretical model account for observed patterns of diversification activities over time and across countries Following a general discussion of the main issues related to diversification in chapter 1, chapter 2 answers to the first question in the negative. In a model where diversification is induced by the presence of synergies, it is shown that diversified firms may be on average the less efficient firms on the market and may survive only due to the presence of synergies. This is consistent with the results of earlier empirical studies, showing no correlation between diversification and profitability. Therefore the empirical part of the thesis focuses on patterns of diversification rather than on the link with profitability. Models that attribute diversification to the presence of 'economies of scope' suggest that diversification patterns are determined by technological factors, that are stable over time and over countries. In chapter 3 a specific sector (food and drink) is analysed in the U.K. over a long time period (1962- 1986) and the U.K. experience is compared to that of Italy (in 1986) through a standard loglinear model and a separate analytical approach. The main results are as follows: (1) U.K. diversification patterns are remarkably stable over time; (2) Italian diversification patterns appear quite different from those of the U.K., whether in 1962 or in 1986. Since overall diversification levels for the U.K. in 1962 are similar to those in Italy in 1986, it seems that patterns of diversification may be induced by country specific factors. In order to unravel the difference between U.K. and Italian experience in chapter 4 a series of case studies of specific industries and firms is carried out. They suggest that in the Italian economy, where the distribution sector is poorly developed, large firms can enjoy a strong advantage by building up their own distribution networks. While the case studies indicate the possible importance of several other factors, it is this factor that appears to be the single most important influence underlying the difference between the U.K. and Italy.
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Sentery, Kabengele. "Prospects for market diversification in SADC for selected South African agricultural and food products." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86226.
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Thesis (MAgricAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research provides South Africa's producers and exporters with information on new market opportunities for South Africa's selected agricultural and food products in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). There is increasing global competition and countries in Africa are increasingly targeted as export markets due to its population growth and its increasing per capita income. Both developed countries and developing countries such as the United States of America, China, Brazil, India, etc. are gradually increasing their exports to Africa. In Sub-Saharan Africa, this is also taking place in SADC. In this region, there has been a significant increase in total imports from the mentioned countries from 2001 to 2013. The International Trade Centre market selection method was used for product selection (using the Export Potential Index) and country selection (using the Market Attractiveness Index). Fourteen products were selected and Angola is the most attractive market in the region (SADC) and is ranked first in the Market Attractiveness Index for seven of the fourteen selected products. The top ranking markets for the 14 selected products were identified as: Mauritius for maize, sweetened milk powder, raw cane sugar and wheat or meslin flour; Angola for fresh apples, fresh or dried oranges, sparkling wine, bulk wine, refined cane or beet sugar, frozen bovine cuts, and frozen bovine carcasses and half carcasses; Mozambique for bottled wine; and Zambia for fresh grapes and soya beans. In most cases the countries with the second and third highest rankings in the Market Attractiveness Index also offer opportunities for market diversification. South Africa exports certain products to non-African countries, whereas these non-African countries export the same products to SADC. There are therefore opportunities geographically nearer to South Africa, because South Africa could export these products to SADC. Exporters should not necessarily abandon non-African markets in order to export to SADC; however they should be aware of opportunities close by and develop strategies to maximize profit and maintain sustainable markets.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing bied aan Suid-Afrika se produsente en uitvoerders inligting oor nuwe markgeleenthede vir Suid-Afrika se geselekteerde landbou-en voedselprodukte in die Suider Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap (SAOG). Daar is toenemende globale mededinging en lande in Afrika word toenemend geteiken as uitvoermarkte as gevolg van bevolkingsgroei en die stygende per capita inkomste. Beide ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende lande soos die Verenigde State van Amerika, China, Brasilië, Indië, ens. verhoog geleidelik hulle uitvoere na Afrika. In Sub-Sahara Afrika, gebeur dit ook in SAOG. In hierdie streek, was daar „n betekenisvolle toename in invoere vanaf die genoemde lande van 2001 tot 2013. Die Internasionale Handelsentrum markseleksie metode is gebruik om produkte te kies (met die Uitvoer Potensiaal Indeks) en om lande te kies (met die Mark Aantreklikheidsindeks). Veertien produkte is gekies en Angola is die mees aantreklike mark in die streek (SAOG) en is bo-aan die lys in die Mark Aantreklikheidsindeks vir sewe van die veertien geselekteerde produkte. Die top markte vir die 14 geselekteerde produkte is geïdentifiseer as: Mauritius vir mielies, versoete melkpoeier, ruwe rietsuiker en mengkoringmeelblom; Angola vir vars appels, vars of gedroogde lemoene, vonkelwyn, grootmaat wyn, verwerkte riet- of beetsuiker, bevrore beessnitte, en bevrore bees karkasse en half karkasse; Mosambiek vir gebottelde wyn; en Zambië vir vars druiwe en vir sojabone. In meeste gevalle bied lande met die tweede en derde hoogste punte in die Mark Aantreklikheidsindeks ook geleenthede vir markdiversifikasie. Suid-Afrika voer sekere produkte uit na nie-Afrika lande, terwyl hierdie nie-Afrika lande weer dieselfde produkte na die SAOG uitvoer. Daar is dus geleenthede geografiese nader aan Suid-Afrika, want Suid-Afrika kan hierdie produkte na die SAOG uitvoer. Uivoerders moet nie noodwendig oorsese markte laat vaar om na die SAOG uit te voer nie, maar hulle moet bewus wees van nader geleenthede en strategieë ontwikkel om wins te maksimeer en volhoubare markte te handhaaf.
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Longfield, Lynsey. "Challenges and Opportunities Shaping Smallholders’ Engagement with Formal and Informal Markets for Food and Livelihood Security: A Rift Valley, Kenya Case Study Analysis." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31603.
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This case study analysis looks at four communities in Rift Valley, Kenya including Matisi, Moi’s Bridge, Sirende and Waitaluk. The research focuses on the role of markets in achieving food and livelihood security for the smallholders in these communities and smallholders’ perceptions of the roles of the Government of Kenya and other institutions in facilitating market access. The largest challenges to market participation, as reported by the smallholders in the studied communities, include low yields, weather inconsistencies, and lack of land. In terms of the Government of Kenya, many smallholders noted the benefits of participating in groups as they are subsequently offered training or field days and subsidies. A significant group of respondents did comment on their lack of interest in joining similar groups as they were seen as unstable or corrupt. The potential roles of formal and informal markets to increase food security were also analyzed. All smallholders wished to be participating in informal markets, but twenty-five percent were constrained by the lack of surplus produce. Similarly, although many reported their desire to be participants in formal markets lack of surplus produce, price fluctuations, inconsistent weather patterns, transportation costs and post- harvest losses or food waster were recognized as significant barriers. In order to mitigate these constraints, most smallholders recommended subsidies on inputs and the overall restructuring of markets. It is recommended that organizations and governments implement a livelihood diversification policy program or initiative to diversify and intensify agricultural activities and other non-agricultural activities. This case study analysis demonstrates the need to recognize the importance of local contexts, specifically Rift Valley as much of the research done in Kenya is found in Nairobi and surrounding areas and cautions labeling communities as food secure based on favorable conditions.
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Mensah, Clement. "The impact of livelihood diversification on food Security amongst farm households in northern Ghana: a case study of bole district." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4087.
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Masters of ArtDiversifying livelihoods has over the last two decades been identified as an important theme in the development work, particularly concerning the poverty reduction agenda. In the developing world, farm households, urged on by their survival instinct, diversify away from traditional subsistence agriculture to the production of high-value crops and at other times engage in off-farm and non-farm activities. This has become necessary due to the failures of agriculture to guarantee farm households sustainable livelihoods and improve their welfare. In sub-Saharan Africa, diversification is a vital instrument for reducing rural people’s risk to poverty. In recent years, however, diversification has been closely linked to food security. This is due to the fact that chronic food insecurity and its accompanying vulnerabilities continue to thwart poverty reduction efforts in the developing world. Paradoxically, whereas available statistics suggests that there is enough food to feed everyone, close to 900 million of the world’s population is still food insecure. By implication, the food security challenge hinge on ‘access’ rather than food availability. In sub-Saharan Africa and for that matter Northern Ghana, the phenomenon is quite pervasive, often affecting rural farm households. This signals one thing – a travesty to the existence of international human rights frameworks. Already, available empirical studies on the extent to which diversification amongst farm households impact on assuring household food security have revealed mixed results and are silent on the gender consequences. Using World Food Programme’s 2012 Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis survey conducted in northern Ghana and an ordinary least squares estimator, this study sought to examine how livelihood diversification contributes to household food security and subsequently validate its effect for male and female-headed farm households in the Bole district of the Northern region of Ghana. Results from the study revealed a significant positive relationship between livelihood diversification (the number of livelihood activities farm households engaged in) and household food security (household food consumption score). Whereas similar result was observed for male-headed households, that of female-headed households was insignificant even though positive. Following this, the study proposes a two-fold policy strategy for optimizing the impact of livelihood diversification on guaranteeing food security amongst farm households in the case study district in particular and northern Ghana in general. Firstly, support for boosting smallholder agriculture should be pursued rigorously, taking advantage of programmes such as the Savannah Plan for Accelerated Growth. Secondly, sustaining, up-scaling and re-orienting programmes such as Rural Enterprises Project and creating the policy milieu for farm households to explore local opportunities like eco-tourism should be mainstreamed, taking into account concerns of gender.
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Sosle, Venkatesh. "A heat pump dehumidifier assisted dryer for agri-foods /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38285.
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The motivation of the research presented in this thesis was to investigate the potential of using a commercial 2.3 kW heat pump dehumidifier (HPD) simultaneously as a dryer for high-moisture agricultural products and for other domestic dehumidification/heating applications. A drying system incorporating the HPD was designed and constructed, along with instrumentation to gather data on the properties of process air as well as real-time weight of the material being dried. The HPD was equipped with an external water-cooled condenser that rejected excess heat out of the system. The design of the system allowed for conducting drying with recirculation of air as well as use of electrical heaters. In an open mode, the drying could be carried out simultaneously with room dehumidification and water heating in the secondary condenser.The drying experiments were conducted with apple, tomato and agar gels. The system was found to be more effective in drying of material with higher amount of free moisture such as tomato. Comparisons were made between HPD assisted drying (partial and complete) and hot air drying (at 45°C and 65°C) in the same system using apple as the test material. Colour changes (L*a*b* values) in the samples were compared between treatments. It was observed that the degree of undesirable colour change was least in case of the HPD assisted system. The HPD dried fruit exhibited better rehydration properties than the hot air dried samples. Water activity of the HPD dried samples was noticeably lower than that of the hot air dried samples at the same water content, indicating that the residual moisture was probably held under higher tension. Histological observation indicated that there was a lesser degree of damage to the cellular structure of apple when dried with the HPD than when dried with hot air alone.
In terms of energy consumption, the process of HPD assisted drying is more expensive. Much of the energy input is rejected at the secondary condenser as excess heat. Unless this heat is recovered for another purpose, or the system is modified to reuse it for drying, the drying process must carry this loss entirely. The specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) for apple was as low as 0.1 kg per kWh with the HPD assisted system. The SMER values for drying at 45°C was 0.5 kg per kWh and was almost 0.8 kg per kWh at 65°C.
The HPD assisted drying system demonstrated the ability of heat pumps to link different energy related activities viz., drying, space dehumidification and water heating. The energy expenditure is expected to be impressive when considered for all the related applications. The concept of utilizing heat pumps on farms to link up different energy streams for better utilization of the low-grade heat sources is discussed. A possible drying efficiency assessment in the form of energy-based evaluation is proposed.
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Demonteil, Lauriane. "Development of food texture acceptance during early childhood : relationships with oral feeding behaviour and early food experience." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK007.
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Ce travail de thèse a pour objectifs de caractériser quels types de textures sont acceptés à un âge donné entre 4 et 36 mois et d’identifier quels sont les facteurs (caractéristiques de enfants, leurs capacités orales et les pratiques maternelles d’alimentation) contribuant à l’acceptabilité des textures en France. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, une enquête transversale à destination de mères ayant des enfants âgés entre 4 et 36 mois (n=3079 réponses analysées) mesurant l’acceptabilité déclarée, ainsi qu’un suivi longitudinal d’enfants âgés entre 6 et 18 mois (n=49) mesurant l’acceptabilité réelle ont été conduits. Les résultats de l’enquête qui couvrait une large gamme de textures montrent que pendant la première année les enfants sont principalement exposés à des aliments sous forme de purées, alors que les morceaux et les doubles textures (purée avec morceaux) sont introduits après 12 mois. Le développement des compétences orales de l’enfant (nombre de dents, capacité à se nourrir seul) et certaines pratiques maternelles d’alimentation, tel l’âge de diversification et le mode de préparation des aliments, sont associés à une plus grande exposition aux textures alimentaires. L’acceptabilité des aliments de différentes textures est dépendante du développement oral de l’enfant et est fortement associée à l’exposition de l’enfant aux différentes textures. Les résultats de l’étude expérimentale révèlent que la majorité des textures alimentaires proposées lors des séances sont acceptées dès 6 mois. A chaque âge d’étude, l’acceptabilité et les comportements oraux varient suivant les textures ; à partir de 10 mois les enfants ont plus recours à la mastication qu’à la succion. Comme observé dans l’enquête, l’exposition aux différentes textures s’avère le meilleur prédicteur de l’acceptabilité des textures avec l’âge. La prise en compte de ces résultats détaillés pourrait permettre d’établir de nouvelles recommandations concernant l'introduction des textures en France et de développer des produits destinés aux jeunes enfants qui intégreront ces enseignementsThis thesis aimed to characterize which food textures are accepted at a given age between 4 to 36 mo of age, and to identify factors (children’s characteristics, feeding skills and maternal feeding practices) that contribute to food texture acceptance in France. To meet these purposes a cross-sectional survey intended for mothers having children aged between 4 and 36 mo (n=3079 answers analysed) measuring declared acceptance and a prospective longitudinal study with children aged between 6 and 18 mo (n=49) measuring actual acceptance were carried out. Results from the survey, which covered a larger range of food textures, showed that over the first year, infants were mainly exposed to foods in pureed forms, whereas pieces and double textures (e.g. puree with pieces) were introduced after 12 mo. Factors such as the development of feeding skills (number of teeth; ability to eat autonomously) and some maternal feeding practices (age of CF, type of food preparation) were associated with a higher food texture exposure. The acceptance of food with different textures increased steadily up to 3 years, with a sharper increase for soft and hard solid foods from 13-15mo. The acceptance was dependent of the child’s feeding skills readiness, and was strongly associated with the child exposure to food with different textures. Results from the experimental study showed that most of the food textures offered in the study were accepted by children from 6 mo onward. At each studied age, children’s food acceptance and feeding behaviours varied according to the food textures; from 10 mo, chewing predominated over sucking. As found in the survey approach, the food texture exposure was the best predictor of food texture acceptance. Taking into account these detailed results could make it possible to establish new guidelines with regards to food texture introduction in France, and to develop food products for infants and toddlers including these learning
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Köhler, Realm [Verfasser], and Hans Konrad [Akademischer Betreuer] Biesalski. "Promoting dietary diversification in the ASEAN region : exposing food taboos, and exploring the nutrient profiles of underutilized, indigenous food resources / Realm Köhler ; Betreuer: Hans Konrad Biesalski." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230877703/34.
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Boulay, Annabelle. "An analysis of farm diversification in France and the United Kingdom based on case studies of Sud Manche and West Dorset." Thesis, Kingston University, 2006. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20373/.
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In the past two decades farming in the European Union (EU) has come under increasing pressure to survive as the profits from sales of agricultural commodities have fallen despite the substantial financial inputs from the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). To maintain their income, farmers have had to diversify their business. The sociocultural, political and economic reasons involved in farm diversification ought to be analysed critically at this particular time for European agriculture with the implementation of Agenda 2000 promoting farm diversification within its rural development policy. Recent changes in the CAP which aim to shift away agriculture from a purely agricultural support agenda towards a broader approach to both agricultural and rural development have encouraged diversification and/or pluriactivity among farmers. The aim of introducing diversification and/or pluriactivity on farms is to maintain falling farm income by providing another source of income in the business and spreading the economic risk, to develop rural development by the creation of jobs, but also to protect the environment. The primary aim of the research was to identify, analyse and compare the nature of diversification in two European dairy areas, sud Manche (France) and west Dorset (Britain). Sud Manche and west Dorset are two dairy areas that have a great opportunity for farm diversification linked to milk processing activities and tourism. The secondary aim of this research was to determine whether the decision-making process used by farmers to decide to diversify is driven by the changes in agricultural policy or by the characteristics of the farmers and the farms. The study used questionnaires, interviews and focus group to identify the nature and extent of diversification as well as to collect information on farmer's attitudes towards diversification. The results have showed that farmers from both study areas have diversified and have a different attitude toward diversification. The nature of diversification is different in the two areas. Farmers in sud Manche have diversified into a more agricultural orientated diversification whereas farmers in west Dorset have more non-agricultural diversification. However, some farmers in both study areas do not believe that diversification is a long term solution to the agricultural crisis in Europe. Moreover, many farmers have expressed their concerns about agricultural policy changes and the entry to the EU of countries from central and eastern Europe and the consequences this could have on agricultural prices. Farmers in sud Manche appeared not very knowledgeable about the various options to diversification and were quite reluctant to do anything else except producing food. On the other hand, farmers in west Dorset appeared to have more knowledge about diversification and pluriactivity and were more inclined to the idea of producing something else than food production.
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Sirks, Adriaan Johan Boudewijn. "Food for Rome : the legal structure of the transportation and processing of supplies for the imperial distributions in Rome and Constantinople /." Amsterdam : J. C. Gieben, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35702089b.
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Afari-Sefa, Victor. "Agricultural export diversification, food security and living conditions of farmers in Southern Ghana : a microeconomic and household modelling approach /." Weikersheim Margraf, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2866175&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Kulasiri, G. Don. "Simulation of deep-bed drying of Virginia peanuts to minimize energy use." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39762.
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A deep-bed drying model simulating the drying of peanuts in a fixed bed is required for designing energy-efficient and automatically controlled dryers. A deep-bed drying model consists of a thin-layer drying model to calculate the moisture release from the material and a set of mass and energy balances. An experimental setup was constructed to determine drying rates of Virginia-type peanuts under 14 different drying air conditions. Selected empirical and semi-theoretical models available for modeling thin-layer drying rates were fitted to the collected data using nonlinear regression techniques. The modified Page's model and the two-term exponential model fitted the data better than other models considered. A deep-bed drying model PEATECH based on four coupled partial differential equations consisting of four variables, air temperature, peanut temperature, air humidity, and peanut moisture content was developed. Validation of the model was accomplished by using the data collected from 36 deep-bed drying experiments conducted using three laboratory dryers during 1987, 1988, and 1989. PEATECH predicted the variables within a peanut bed with an accuracy of less than ± 6%. The energy saving potential of exhaust-air recirculation was established by conducting simulated experiments using a modified version of PEATECH.Ph. D.
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Qin, Lei. "Impact of kitchen equipment and workplace layout on labor productivity in university campus foodservice operation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43163.
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Campus foodservice has experienced drastic changes over the twentieth century. Its cafeteria style service has some major advantages in catering the needs of the clientele: speed of service, convenience in food selection, and range of price, and so forth. As enrollments in colleges and universities have been continuously increasing during the past few years, campus foodservice operation is gaining its importance in the foodservice industry. Additionally, it serves as a part of the marketing mix with an appeal to increasing number of students.
The campus foodservice administrators are facing increased pressure of cost containment. Therefore, how to improve operational efficiency and productivity has been a major concern among foodservice managers. However, this is difficult to achieve due to the numerous variables likely to influence productivity with interrelating factors, such as policy and standard, employee and management skills, efficiency of facility layout, and so forth. There is a lack of published reports that single out these variables and provide in-depth analysis as to their impact on productivity.
Efficiency of kitchen equipment and workplace layout has been identified as a variable that influences labor productivity. It is the objective of this study to utilize the variables inherent in meal production of campus foodservice operations to assess the efficiency of kitchen equipment and workplace layout and determine their impact on with labor productivity.
Case studies were conducted in Owens Food Court, Shultz and Dietrick Dining Halls on the campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University. Work flow analysis and process time analysis of kitchen employees was utilized to collect data in describing work flow and utilization of labor time in meal production among the dining facilities. Ten entree items were purposively sampled from each dining facility.
The Product Process Gross Charts, often used in industrial engineering, were used as a major data collecting tool. A total of 150 charts, which included Move Charts, Distance Charts, Travel Charts, Description of By-pass, and Worker Process Time Charts, were utilized extensively for data collection and interpretation.
The differences in work flow variables and utilization of labor time variables among the dining facilities were studied. An analysis of the influence of work flow variables on the utilization of labor time was conducted. In addition, the differences in the functioning of work flow variables in affecting utilization of labor time among the dining facilities were also analyzed.
The results showed significant differences in absolute travel distance and percentage of time spent walking and (or) for delays among three dining facilities. Further more, collapsed information indicated that absolute travel distance was positively related with percentage of time spent walking and (or) for delays; and that percentage of backward movement was also positively related with percentage of time spent walking and (or) for delays.
Based on the findings, it is recommended by the researcher that a smooth work flow should be achieved in kitchen design, and some major equipment and workplace should be located within the direct line of flow. Equipment and workplace should be organized into different "functional clusters". It is also recommended that further research would be useful in identifying additional variables which would account for a great percentage of variance in the utilization of labor time.Master of Science
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Azevedo, Melina Bandeira Antas de. "Análise sistêmica da comercialização de hortifrutigranjeiros em feiras de agricultura familiar dos territórios sertão do Apodi e Açu-Mossoró (RN)." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2015. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/540.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The local fairs of family farming are structures that facilitate the marketing of products in the production chain of fresh produce, expressing the diversification of the segment of family farming. This type of production brings in its history the use of sustainable techniques that enable food and nutritional security like, for example, agroecology, which minimizes environmental impacts on the environment by removing the chemical inputs of production, thus ensuring better quality to food purchased by consumers in addition to the security of livelihoods of family farmers themselves. However, this practice, that was considered a cultural factor of great expression in the country, has been outdated by the surging of large retail chains. So now only a small fraction of the participation in fairs is of family farmers, the assumption being that the dynamics of sustainable family farming of horticultural Açu-Mossoró territories and Sertão do Apodi (RN) still have many weaknesses and the performance of its organization system and its technical production standard are insufficient to trigger the dynamization of the two territories. The aim of this study is, therefore, to demonstrate the importance of the fresh produce chain as new environment for production and innovation in the process of market dynamization. The research is based on the year 2011, prior to the drought faced by the Northeast. The chosen methodology for data collection was of primary data, in order to conduct a census in all family agriculture fairs organized by Projeto Dom Helder Camara, Rede Xique Xique and Associação de Produtores e Produtoras Familiares Agroecológicos de Mossoró (APROFAM) – the association for agroecological family producers from the city of Mossoró. Also, an unstructured interview with the former educational, territorial and political adviser of Diaconia was conducted to understand how was initially conceived the project for the fairs. The research is characterized as comparative, making an integrated analysis between the two territories, with qualitative and quantitative method, since it allows a detailed analysis of the chain marketing process. Secondary data obtained through literature research was also used to corroborate the results. The research was conducted by submitting application forms to all the vendors of these fairs of family farming in the territories of Sertão do Apodi and Açu-Mossoró. It was found that family farmers and fairs play an important role in generating innovation, since they create new ways to improve the quality of life, capitalizing on the remains of production and generating extra income through marketing in the fair, as well as through developed practices that go beyond the conventional model, adopting characteristics that value for sustainability. We have seen that, even with the present insufficient structure, a satisfactory return is obtained, since most producers want to continue or expand the activity. However, this practice is a strategy aimed at resuming a cultural practice that is outdated, providing at least once a week with an environment for material and emotional exchanges, while strengthening a relationship that arouses confidence and values the direct contact between producers and consumers
As feiras locais da agricultura familiar são estruturas que facilitam a comercialização dos produtos da cadeia produtiva de hortifrutigranjeiros, expressando a diversificação do segmento da agricultura familiar. Esse tipo de produção traz em seu histórico o uso de técnicas sustentáveis e que viabilizam a segurança alimentar e nutricional como, por exemplo, a agroecologia, que minimiza os impactos ambientais causados no meio ambiente, retirando os insumos químicos da produção, garantindo assim mais qualidade aos alimentos adquiridos pelos consumidores além da seguridade de subsistência dos próprios agricultores familiares. No entanto, essa prática que era considerada como fator cultural de grande expressão no país, vem se defasando com a aparição de grandes redes varejistas. Portanto atualmente a participação nas feiras é de uma pequena parcela dos agricultores familiares, o pressuposto é a de que a dinâmica sustentável da agricultura familiar de hortifrutigranjeiros dos territórios Açu-Mossoró e Sertão do Apodi (RN) ainda possuem muitas fragilidades e o desempenho das suas formas de organização e do seu padrão técnico de produção adotados são insuficientes para desencadear a dinamização dos dois territórios. Logo o objetivo desse estudo é demonstrar a importância da cadeia de hortifrutigranjeiro como ambiente de produção de novidades e inovação no processo de dinamização dos mercados. A pesquisa é com base no ano de 2011, que antecedeu a grande seca enfrentada pelos nordestinos. Como metodologia para a obtenção de dados optou-se pelos dados primários a fim de realizar um censo em todas as feiras de agricultura familiar organizadas pelo Projeto Dom Helder Câmara, Rede Xique Xique e a Associação de Produtores e Produtoras Familiares Agroecológicos de Mossoró (APROFAM). Também foi realizada uma entrevista não estruturada com ex assessora territorial política pedagógica da Diaconia, para entender como tinha sido o projeto inicial das feiras. A pesquisa é caracterizada como comparativa, fazendo uma análise integrada entre os dois territórios, com método qualitativo e quantitativo, já que permite uma análise aprofundada do processo de comercialização da cadeia. Foram utilizados também dados secundários com pesquisa bibliográfica para corroborar com os resultados. A pesquisa aconteceu através da aplicação de formulários a todos os feirantes dessas feiras da agricultura familiar nos territórios Sertão do Apodi e Açu-Mossoró. Constatou-se que os agricultores familiares e as feiras tem um papel importante na geração de inovação, pois criaram novas maneiras de melhorar a qualidade de vida, aproveitando as sobras da produção e gerando uma renda extra através da comercialização em feira, como também através de práticas desenvolvidas que fogem do modelo convencional, adotando características que prezam pela sustentabilidade. Viu-se que as estruturas mesmo insuficientes mantém um retorno satisfatório, pois a maioria dos produtores pretendem continuar ou ampliar a atividade. Contudo essa prática é uma estratégia de retomar uma prática cultural que está defasada, propiciando pelo menos uma vez na semana um ambiente de trocas materiais e emocionais fortalecendo, uma relação que desperta confiança e valoriza o contato direto entre produtores e consumidores
2016-12-05
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Roque, Maria de Jesus Grazina. "Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada em educação pré-escolar: hábitos alimentares na infância." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14711.
Full textAbstract:
A prática de uma alimentação saudável contribui essencialmente para o
desenvolvimento do crescimento e também de uma boa saúde.
A aprendizagem do comportamento alimentar inicia-se na infância, tendo a
família, creches/Jardins-de-Infância e onde as refeições possam ocorrer, um papel
fundamental no processo da formação dos hábitos alimentares saudáveis da criança,
havendo, desta forma, grande probabilidade de prevalecerem ao longo da vida.
O presente relatório apresenta o percurso da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada
numa sala de Creche e numa sala de Jardim-de-Infância.
Intitulado de “Hábitos alimentares na Infância” pretende dar a conhecer o
ambiente gerado em torno deste tema assim como os resultados obtidos no decorrer da
investigação através da aplicação de atividades.
Metodologicamente foi usada como opção, a investigação-ação, o que me
permitiu uma reflexão aprofundada da prática e consequentemente, a melhoria da
mesma; Abstract:
Eating habits in childhood
A healthy diet is essential for growth, development and health maintenance.
Inadequate eating habits cause immediate and also long term health problems.
The eating behavior learning begins in childhood. The family, child care /
Kindergarten and where meals may occur also have a key role in the formation of
healthy eating habits in children. These habits have a high probability of prevailing on
adulthood.
This report presents the Supervised Teaching in a day care center room and in a
kidergarten room.
Titled "Eating habits in childhood", it aims to disclose the environment created
around this theme as well as the results obtained during the investigation, by performing
various activities.
The action-research was the chosen method, which granted me a deep reflection
of the practice, that consequently helped me improving it.
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Pecorari, Rita de Cássia Furlan [UNESP]. "Uma proposta de inovação no cardápio escolar baseada na avaliação do programa de alimentação escolar de Piracicaba-SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88684.
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pecorari_rcf_me_arafcf.pdf: 771152 bytes, checksum: 01b2d1f1fb14dbc2e7d997b6ec530094 (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O Programa de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) tem como objetivos principais melhorar as condições nutricionais do aluno e sua capacidade de aprendizagem, procurando formar hábitos alimentares saudáveis com dinamização da economia local. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi propor inovações no cardápio do Programa de Alimentação do Escolar do Município de Piracicaba-SP, a partir da avaliação do abastecimento alimentar e das condições de produção das refeições. A pesquisa foi realizada em três etapas: na primeira foi realizado um diagnóstico geral do abastecimento alimentar do município, da Divisão de Alimentação e Nutrição da Prefeitura Municipal e dos hábitos alimentares das crianças da rede de ensino; a segunda etapa consistiu de um diagnóstico específico onde foram avaliadas a adesão e aceitabilidade de uma amostra dos cardápios atuais, utilizando-se de três metodologias tradicionais: Percentagem de Adesão, Estimativa Visual dos Restos em cada Prato e Escala Hedônica Estruturada Facial; na terceira etapa foi formulada uma proposta de inovação do cardápio para a alimentação escolar, a partir do desenvolvimento, padronização e avaliação das preparações. O levantamento de dados referentes à disponibilidade de produtos alimentícios indicou uma autosuficiência de produção apenas de verduras, milho, mandioca e banana, sendo que o abastecimento alimentar do PMAE é parcialmente regionalizado e não conta com fornecedor local. A avaliação da adesão da alimentação apontou para uma baixa adesão ao Programa, 39,32% na média geral. Nas escolas municipais (região norte e oeste) a adesão foi maior (55,88%) que nas estaduais (22,77%). Na escola da região norte onde as crianças pertencem a famílias com menores rendimentos a adesão foi mais expressiva (63,39%). A menor adesão (19,77) foi na escola estadual região sul...
The Brazilian National School Meals Program has as main goals to improve student s nutritional conditions and his/her learning capacity, through developing healthy eating habits and stimulating local economy.. The aims of this study was to propose changes in the Municipal School Meal Program s menu, from an elementary study in four Piracicaba s public schools and valuation of food supplay and the conditions of production the meals. The research was developed in three stages: in the first one three general diagnosis were carried out: (a) in the Municipal Food Supply, (b) within the Piracicaba Municipal of Food and Nutrition Division, and (c) the children eating habits from municipal public schools. The second stage constituted of a specific diagnosis evaluating the adhesion and acceptability of a food sample of the actual school menu. For this were used three traditional methodologies Adhesion Percentages, Estimated Visual Leftovers and Facial Hedonic Scale. In the third stage it was developed, standardized and evaluated new preparations and formulated a new menu for the school meals. The data collected from the available food products indicated a self-sufficiency production only for vegetables, corn, cassava and bananas. The evaluation on eating adhesion showed a low adhesion to the program on average of 39.32%. The adhesion of the Municipal s Schools located in the north and northeast of Piracicaba was higher (55.88%) than the State s Schools (22.77%). The schools located in the north where the kids belonged to the lowest income families, the adhesion was higher (63.39%). Lower adhesion (19.77%) was found in State s School located in the south where the children belonged to higher income families. When analyzing the acceptance using Visual Estimative of Leftovers (consumption) methodology it was observed a better acceptance (88.43%)... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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Leamy, Ryan. "Diversification Activities Of Vermont Dairy Farmers: A Study Of Raw Milk And Local Beef Processing In The State." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/308.
Full textAbstract:
The vast majority of earned agricultural dollars in Vermont come from the dairy industry, but with volatility in the market in recent years, including rising costs of feed and the fluctuating price of milk, state officials have begun to recommend diversification of farm activities to instill resiliency into the system. The research presented in this thesis explores two avenues for diversification, farm-to-consumer sales of raw milk and local beef production.
The second chapter utilizes diffusion theory to understand the prevalence of raw milk consumption in Vermont, develop a profile of the raw milk consumer, document the motivations of raw milk consumers, and identify sources and channels of information for raw milk consumers. The results of a general population telephone survey indicate that 11.6% of those surveyed reported consuming raw milk and are on average educated, middle-aged, and middle-income earners in small households. Compared to US Census data, there are no demographic differences between raw milk consumers and the average Vermonter. Motivations for consumption include preference for raw milk's flavor, believed health benefits, and knowing or being a farmer. The primary sources of information are dairy farmers, friends, family, and co-workers. The primary channel through which information is obtained is person-to-person discussions. We conclude by discussing the implication of our findings on food protection trends and future research
The third chapter investigates beef processing in the state and through the Agriculture of the Middle paradigm develops a firmographic profile of processors, identifies the frequency of use of a set of industry best practices and articulates the current opportunities and barriers to beef processing. The results of the firmographic profile show that most processors utilize both fee-for-service processing and buy-in processing and that each model is an equal percentage of revenue for business. Most processors indicated clearly demarcated busy and slow seasons with no change in the number of employees during these times and little change in operation capacity. Most processors are involved with some industry best practices and most had at least one anchor client to stabilize their operations. There are opportunities in marketing and opening up new markets but the seasonality, infrastructure and consistency of supply are and may remain a hindrance to this advancement. We conclude that there is little difference between models and that most farmers and processors are already in the stages of developing positive and equitable business relationships and that the future of beef production in Vermont is strong.
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Mutshekwa, Ndivhuho. "Effect of time-based hot air drying method on chemical composition of jatropha zeyheir tea." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1914.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Sc. (Agriculture)) --University of Limpopo, 2017Tea is one of the most popular consumed beverages in the world, which has beneficial properties such as anti-oxidization, anti-carcinoma and preventing arteriosclerosis. The major essential components of catechins present in tea leaves, includes epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epicatechin (EC), gallocatechin (GC) and catechin (C). Influence of time-based hot air drying method on chemical composition of the Jatropha zeyheri Sond, widely consumed in rural communities of Zebediela (Khureng village), Limpopo Province, South Africa, was investigated. Four treatments, namely; 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours, were arranged in completely randomised design (CRD), replicated five times. The study demonstrated that drying significantly increased total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity and tannin content. It also demonstrated that drying significantly increased minerals elements; Mg, K, P, S, Al, Co, Mn, Si and Zn content and decreased Na, Ca and Ni and Zn quantities. Sodium-potassium ratio was very low across drying periods. Drying time did not significantly influence proximate chemicals; energy, protein, carbohydrates, ash and fibre content. Moisture and fat were significantly increased by drying period. Results of the study suggested that time-based hot air drying method improved the chemical composition of J. zeyheri, which has the potential of enhancing nutrition in marginal rural communities of Limpopo Province.
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Megersa, Bati Bekele [Verfasser], and Zárate Anne [Akademischer Betreuer] Valle. "Climate change, cattle herd vulnerability and food insecurity : adaptation through livestock diversification in the Borana pastoral system of Ethiopia / Bekele Megersa Bati. Betreuer: Anne Valle Zarate." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047622424/34.
Full text
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Therdthai, Nantawan. "Modelling and optimisation of an industrial bread baking oven /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20040428.131506/index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003.A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes references pp.191 - 202, and appendices.
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Pecorari, Rita de Cássia Furlan. "Uma proposta de inovação no cardápio escolar baseada na avaliação do programa de alimentação escolar de Piracicaba-SP /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88684.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo: O Programa de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) tem como objetivos principais melhorar as condições nutricionais do aluno e sua capacidade de aprendizagem, procurando formar hábitos alimentares saudáveis com dinamização da economia local. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi propor inovações no cardápio do Programa de Alimentação do Escolar do Município de Piracicaba-SP, a partir da avaliação do abastecimento alimentar e das condições de produção das refeições. A pesquisa foi realizada em três etapas: na primeira foi realizado um diagnóstico geral do abastecimento alimentar do município, da Divisão de Alimentação e Nutrição da Prefeitura Municipal e dos hábitos alimentares das crianças da rede de ensino; a segunda etapa consistiu de um diagnóstico específico onde foram avaliadas a adesão e aceitabilidade de uma amostra dos cardápios atuais, utilizando-se de três metodologias tradicionais: Percentagem de Adesão, Estimativa Visual dos Restos em cada Prato e Escala Hedônica Estruturada Facial; na terceira etapa foi formulada uma proposta de inovação do cardápio para a alimentação escolar, a partir do desenvolvimento, padronização e avaliação das preparações. O levantamento de dados referentes à disponibilidade de produtos alimentícios indicou uma autosuficiência de produção apenas de verduras, milho, mandioca e banana, sendo que o abastecimento alimentar do PMAE é parcialmente regionalizado e não conta com fornecedor local. A avaliação da adesão da alimentação apontou para uma baixa adesão ao Programa, 39,32% na média geral. Nas escolas municipais (região norte e oeste) a adesão foi maior (55,88%) que nas estaduais (22,77%). Na escola da região norte onde as crianças pertencem a famílias com menores rendimentos a adesão foi mais expressiva (63,39%). A menor adesão (19,77) foi na escola estadual região sul... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: The Brazilian National School Meals Program has as main goals to improve students nutritional conditions and his/her learning capacity, through developing healthy eating habits and stimulating local economy.. The aims of this study was to propose changes in the Municipal School Meal Programs menu, from an elementary study in four Piracicabas public schools and valuation of food supplay and the conditions of production the meals. The research was developed in three stages: in the first one three general diagnosis were carried out: (a) in the Municipal Food Supply, (b) within the Piracicaba Municipal of Food and Nutrition Division, and (c) the children eating habits from municipal public schools. The second stage constituted of a specific diagnosis evaluating the adhesion and acceptability of a food sample of the actual school menu. For this were used three traditional methodologies Adhesion Percentages, Estimated Visual Leftovers and Facial Hedonic Scale. In the third stage it was developed, standardized and evaluated new preparations and formulated a new menu for the school meals. The data collected from the available food products indicated a self-sufficiency production only for vegetables, corn, cassava and bananas. The evaluation on eating adhesion showed a low adhesion to the program on average of 39.32%. The adhesion of the Municipals Schools located in the north and northeast of Piracicaba was higher (55.88%) than the States Schools (22.77%). The schools located in the north where the kids belonged to the lowest income families, the adhesion was higher (63.39%). Lower adhesion (19.77%) was found in States School located in the south where the children belonged to higher income families. When analyzing the acceptance using Visual Estimative of Leftovers (consumption) methodology it was observed a better acceptance (88.43%)... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Orientador: João Bosco Faria
Coorientador: Maria Rita M. de Oliveira
Banca: Marina Vieira da Silva
Banca: Vera Mariza Henriques de Miranda Costa
Banca: Gilma Lucazechi Sturion
Banca: Maria Alice Rosa Ribeiro
Mestre
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Avegliano, Roseane Pagliaro. "Custos de Refeições em Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição: Uma Aplicação para a Divisão de Alimentação COSEAS/ U.S.P, em 1997." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-18012006-221620/.
Full textAbstract:
Os custos em organizações públicas representam o indicador de sua eficiência econômica. Distinguindo-se das empresas particulares, que visam lucros, os serviços públicos com seus objetivos sociais bem definidos, incluindo, no caso das Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição da Divisão de Alimentação COSEAS/USP, a concessão de subsídio, precisam ter seus custos avaliados e acompanhados para instrumentalizar as decisões da Administração Pública, quanto à alocação dos recursos orçamentários. Neste trabalho, pretendeu-se realizar uma análise dos custos das refeições nas seis Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição no ano de 1997, a preços de abril de 1998. Visualizando a produção de refeições dentro do enfoque da função de produção, os custos foram estudados segundo plantas de produção, e ao longo do ano, destacando-se os custos diretos dos custos totais, que incluíram os custos indiretos dos serviços dos setores da Administração e do Serviço de Distribuição. A abordagem dos valores nutritivos das refeições, em relação à energia, macronutrientes, cálcio e ferro, foi realizada na fase de planejamento e produção, com a finalidade de se analisarem os custos do seu insumo básico: os gêneros alimentícios. Como principais resultados têm-se que as refeições produzidas excederam o valor de energia, nutrientes e custo em gêneros alimentícios, dos cardápios planejados, para cada Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição. Os custos diretos, também diferenciados por planta de produção, apontaram a maior planta como a mais eficiente, pela diluição dos custos fixos. Um outro resultado importante refere-se aos subsídios associados às refeições das Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição/USP. Os subsídios por refeição variaram de 33 a 85%, de acordo com a categoria de usuários (não se considerando os bolsistas que desfrutam de 100%). As percentagens de subsídios são ainda superiores, uma vez que neste estudo não foi viável a apropriação de custos de serviços públicos e depreciação de equipamentos.In public organizations, costs are indicators of their economic efficiency. Different from private companies that seek profits, public service institutions-with their clearly defined social purposes and subsidies- need to evaluate and monitor their costs in order to supply the public administration with data for the allocation of budget resources. This work intends to analyse meal costs in six restaurants of the University of São Paulo foodservice department in 1997, based on April 1998 prices. Observing the meal production, the costs were studied in each of the six foodservice facilities during the year. Direct costs were separated from the overall costs in which were included the indirect costs of the departments of Administration and Services. In the stage of meal planning and production, the study of nutritive values of energy, macronutrients, calcium and iron was performed with the intent of analysing the costs of the meal basic component food supplies. As a result, the produced meals surpassed the quantity of energy, nutrients and food costs that had been previously planned in the menus. The direct costs showed that the restaurant that produced the largest number of meals was the most efficient due to the reduction of costs. Another important result is related to the subsidies for the meals. The subsidies per meal ranged from 33 to 85% according to the user categories (students who have 100% subsidies were not considered). The percentage of subsidies is still higher once in this study it was not possible to calculate the costs of the public services, and the depreciation of equipament.
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Cholez, Célia. "Structures de gouvernance des transactions et dynamique des connaissances inter-firmes dans la création de filière : application aux contrats de production dans le secteur des grandes cultures en France." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0075.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse a pour objectif d’analyser comment les structures de gouvernance des transactions impactent la création et la diffusion de connaissances entre firmes, tout particulièrement dans le contexte de nouvelles filières. Elle s’appuie sur plusieurs études de cas de filières de diversification (comme le lin oléagineux ou les légumineuses à graines) qui émergent dans le secteur des grandes cultures, et dont la structuration se base sur des contrats de production. Dans un contexte de transition agroécologique, le développement de ces filières implique des changements techniques et le renouvellement des connaissances des opérateurs. Afin de comprendre les liens entre la coordination contractuelle et les dynamiques de connaissances entre firmes, cette thèse mobilise l’économie néo-institutionnelle, plus particulièrement la théorie des coûts de transaction, ainsi que l’économie de l’innovation et le management stratégique avec un focus sur les théories de l’apprentissage organisationnel. La thèse explique la diversité organisationnelle rencontrée dans les filières selon un arbitrage dépendant du niveau d’incertitude technique dans la filière, i.e. du besoin de connaissances des opérateurs. Elle montre tout d’abord la validité du principe d’alignement de la théorie des coûts de transactions au regard des actifs humains spécifiques déployés dans ces nouvelles filières agricoles. Elle met ensuite en évidence que les structures de gouvernance hybride génèrent des apprentissages inter-firmes car la contractualisation agit comme un artefact cognitif au regard des interactions générées et des dispositifs de capitalisation de la connaissance mis en œuvre. In fine, cette thèse montre que le choix des structures de gouvernance relève d’un arbitrage entre économie des coûts de transaction à court terme et création de valeur à moyen terme via le développement de connaissancesThis thesis analyses how transaction governance structures foster the creation and diffusion of knowledge between firms, in particular in the context of emerging supply chains. The analysisrelies on several cases studies on crop diversification supply chains (such as linseed, fababean, pea or lupin), based on production contracts in the French field crop sector. In a context of agroecological transition, supply-chain development involves technical changes and a need forrenewing stakeholder’s knowledge. In order to understand the link between contractualcoordination and inter-firms knowledge dynamics, this thesis draws on new institutional economics – especially transaction costs theory – and innovation economics and strategic management,especially organizational learning approaches. This thesis explains the supply-chain organizationaldiversity encountered in accordance with a trade-off that depends on the level of technicaluncertainty in the supply chain itself, i.e. depending on stakeholders’ need for new knowledge.Firstly, we examine the transaction costs theory alignment principle according to specific human assets in crop diversification supply-chains. Secondly, we show that hybrid governance structuresgenerate inter-firm learning. Indeed, contractualization acts as a cognitive artefact by enhancinginterfirm interactions and knowledge capitalization devices. Finally, the thesis shows thatgovernance structures choice depends on a trade-off between short-term transaction costseconomizing and medium-term value creation thanks to knowledge development
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Harper, Crystal. "Use of food-buying practices within different socio-economic classes in the city of Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/773.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology
Consumer Science: Food and Nutrition
in the Faculty of Applied Sciences
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2013Consumer debt has escalated in South Africa ever since the country sank into a recession in early 2009. One of the many consequences of this economic downturn has been a major increase in energy, transport and food prices. Food-buying strategies can be used by consumers to help to reduce the amount of money, which is spent on food, and increase funds that are available for other household expenses. The main objective of this study was to determine the use of four pre-selected food-buying practices by consumers who reside in different socio-economic status (SES) areas in the City of Cape Town. Residents of lower SES areas have been found to have purchasing patterns that are different to those who live in higher SES areas. The subsidiary objectives were to further establish whether there is a difference in the use of food-buying practices by consumers who reside in different SES areas, and to ascertain whether shopper and demographical characteristics have an influence on the use of food-buying practices among consumers in general as well as among consumers within the same SES area. A consumer intercept survey was conducted after being granted ethics approval. Three groups of respondents that represent a low, middle and high SES area were systematically sampled. A total of 1 200 consumers (95% response rate) who are older than 18 years anonymously and voluntarily participated in the study, which was conducted at pre-selected stores in the suburban areas of Delft (low SES area), Maitland (middle SES area) and Meadowridge (high SES area) in the City of Cape Town. These areas and stores were selected to represent the SES of households or consumers, respectively, based on the demographic and employment profile that was provided for each by Statistics South Africa‟s 2001‟s census profiles. The data was collected by using a pilot tested structured, self-administered questionnaire consisting of mainly multiple-choice questions, which gathered information from the respondents regarding their shopper and demographic characteristics, as well as their frequency of use of the four food-buying practices (represented by six structured questions each) as: (i) use of a shopping list; (ii) use of advertisements to plan shopping; (iii) comparison of prices amongst different brands; and (iv) avoidance of impulse buying. These food-buying practices were selected based on available consumer education literature, which focused on the use of these food-buying practices and a pilot study that was conducted in 2011, which indicated that these four practices were most frequently used by the consumers who were surveyed. Within each SES area most of the Cronbach‟s alpha coefficients that were obtained were >0.9 among the six questions, which represented each food-buying practice, and reflected strong internal consistencies among the questions. The Generalised Linear Model analysis of variance utilising the Wald statistic, which is based on the chi- square distribution and Bonferroni pair-wise comparisons, were used to determine significant differences between respondents‟ use of the food-buying practices and their SES area group, as well as their shopper and demographic characteristics. A significant level of p<0.001, as well as p<0.05 was used. Most (60 to 80%) of the respondents in each SES area are female. Within the total sample, low and middle SES areas a majority (62 to 73%) of the respondents were between 26 to 55 years of age, whereas in the high SES area a majority (63.5%) of the respondents were 46 years and older. In general, more than half (52 to 56%) of the respondents were married and most (38 to 55%) were employed full-time and had household sizes, which mainly (18 to 23%) consist of two to four members. Regarding highest level of education attained, most of the respondents in the total sample either had a Grade 8 to 11 (37.6%) or a Grade 12 (24.7%), whereas most (54%) respondents in the high SES had either acquired a post-matric diploma or certificate, degree or post-graduate degree. Most (67 to 89 %) of the respondents within the total sample, middle and low SES area associated themselves with the Coloured population group, whereas most (56.7%) of the respondents in the high SES area associated themselves with the White population group. Concerning household monthly income, two thirds (65%) of the respondents within the high SES area had an income of R12 801 upward; most (77.5%) of the respondents within the middle SES area had an income of R801 to R12 800 per month; and more than half (57%) of the respondents in the low SES area received an income of R800 to R3 200 per month. In general, most respondents indicated that they shopped for food once a week (33 to 48%); took less than half an hour to shop for food (40 to 52%); and usually shopped alone for food (68.9%). Cash was the most prevalent means of payment among respondents within the total sample (66.7%), middle (70.5%) and low (93%) SES areas, while most (43.2%) respondents in the high SES area paid by means of a debit card. Among the respondents who reside in the different SES suburban areas, differences in the use of food-buying practices were revealed. Respondents within the high (p<0.001) and middle (p<0.05) SES areas displayed a higher propensity to use a shopping list, yet a lower propensity to use advertisements compared to respondents within the low SES area. Respondents within the low and particularly middle SES area displayed a higher propensity to compare prices (p<0.05) compared to respondents within the high SES area. No differences (p>0.05) for the avoidance of impulse buying as a food-buying practice were found among respondents within a low, middle and high SES area. A largely low propensity to avoid impulse buying was found. Regarding shopper characteristics, the respondent payment method influenced the use of a shopping list (p<0.05), use of advertisements (p<0.05 and p<0.001 between the payment methods) and propensity to avoid impulse buying (p<0.05) as food-buying practices within the low SES area. Among respondents, in general, the payment method influenced the avoidance of impulse buying (p<0.05) as a food-buying practice. The length of time that it took to shop influenced the use of a shopping list (p<0.05) as a food-buying practice within the low SES area and the propensity to compare prices of different brands (p<0.05) as a food-buying practice within the middle SES area. Shopping frequency influenced the use of advertisements (p<0.05) as a food buying practice within the low SES area and co-shopping influenced the propensity to avoid impulse buying (p<0.05 and p<0.001 between the various co-shoppers) as a food-buying practice within the low SES area, as well as the propensity to use advertisements (p<0.05) as a food-buying practice within the high SES area. Gender influenced the use of a shopping list (p<0.05) as a food-buying practice within the high SES area and the use of advertisements (p<0.05), as well as the propensity to avoid impulse buying (p<0.001) as food-buying practices within the middle SES area. Gender also affected the propensity to compare the prices of different brands (p<0.05) as a food-buying practice within the low SES area and among respondents, in general, the propensity to avoid impulse buying (p<0.05), as well as the use of advertisements (p<0.001) as food-buying practices. Employment status affected the use of a shopping list (p<0.05) as a food-buying practice within the high SES area. Population group affected the propensity to use advertisements as a food-buying practice within the low SES area (p<0.05 and p<0.001 between the population groups) and among the respondents, in general, (p<0.05). Household monthly income affected the propensity to compare the prices of different brands (p<0.05) as a food-buying practice within the high SES area. Among the respondents, in general, household monthly income affected the propensity to compare the prices of different brands (p<0.05 and p<0.001 between the income groups) and the use of advertisements (p<0.05) as food-buying practices. The study confirmed that there are differences in the use of food-buying practices among consumers who reside in different SES areas, and further identified specific shopper and demographic characteristics that have an effect on consumers‟ (in general, as well as within the same SES area) use of food-buying practices. Since food-buying practices can be used by consumers to manage their household income expenditure on food, consumer awareness of these practices, in particular the avoidance of impulse buying should be promoted through educational efforts ideally by food retail companies. These companies have the resources and capability to communicate with consumers regularly (while shopping in-store), and can inform their customers about food-buying practices that would help them to save money and/or make additional funds available for other essential household expenses.
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Maxwell, Nancy Kouyoumjian. "Hungering for Independence: The Relationship between Food and Morale in the Continental Army, 1775-1783." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849718/.
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An adequate supply of the right kinds of foods is critical to an army's success on the march and on the battlefield. Good food supplies and a dire lack of provisions have profound effects on the regulation, confidence, esprit de corps, and physical state of an army. The American War of Independence (1775-1783) provides a challenging case study of this principle. The relationship between food and troop morale has been previously discussed as just one of many factors that contributed to the success of the Continental Army, but has not been fully explored as a single issue in its own right. I argue that despite the failures of three provisioning system adopted by the Continental Congress - the Commissariat, the state system of specific supplies, and the contract system - the army did keep up its morale and achieve the victory that resulted in independence from Great Britain. The evidence reveals that despite the poor provisioning, the American army was fed in the field for eight years thanks largely to its ability to forage for its food. This foraging system, if it can be called a system, was adequate to sustain morale and perseverance.
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Ng'endo, Mary. "Variety for security : a case study of agricultural, nutritional and dietary diversity among smallholder farmers in western Kenya." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6d5dc1cf-a9ae-4499-bbc2-e8016970c3da.
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Agricultural biodiversity, commonly referred to as agrobiodiversity, is that part of biodiversity that is geared towards agriculture and food production. Agrobiodiversity is said to contribute much to food and nutrition, but there is lack of data confirming this, particularly from Eastern Africa. To assess the extent of agrobiodiversity on smallholder farms and in local markets and to connect these to food intake and perceptions of food security among smallholder farmers in Western Kenya, the thesis asks four main research questions: (i) What is the extent of food plant diversity in smallholder farms, the bio-physical and socio-economic factors influencing it and the contribution of this diversity to the household's food needs? (ii) What is the relationship between agricultural and dietary diversity? (iii) What linkages are there between agricultural and nutritional diversity? (iv) How does access to agrobiodiversity in local markets contribute to meeting household food needs and what is the extent of smallholder farmers' integration into these markets? Through a combination of focus group discussions, farm and market surveys conducted across three time points, results indicate that: (i) higher food plant species richness is found on farms managed by wealthier and older households. However, these households are not more food secure than the rest, (ii) while there is a lack of a strong relationship between agricultural and dietary diversity, dietary diversity is instead significantly influenced by socio-economic factors including a household's wealth status, ethnicity and education level, (iii) despite a diversity of locally available on-farm and market food species meeting existing macro-and micro-nutrient needs, there is a general lack of understanding of this diversity as food shortage months coincide with a lack of maize despite high availability of a diversity of other foods not only to replace the maize but also to contribute to a diverse diet, (iv) smallholder farmers rely on multiple food sources, with markets mainly for sourcing cereals, fruits and animal source foods. There is also low integration of smallholder farmers as sellers in local markets. Together, the four case studies show interlinkages across food availability, accessibility and utilisation, which when addressed with equal weight, could unlock local agrobiodiversity's potential as a path to food and nutrition security of smallholder farming households.
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Garcia, Sotelo Gerardo Javier. "Get the right price every day." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2729.
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The purpose of this project is to manage restaurants using a software system called GRIPED (Get the Right Price Every day). The system is designed to cover quality control, food cost control and portion control for better management of a restaurant.
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Apoloni, Gonzáles Jorge Eduardo José, De La Torre Olaechea Fernanda Gómez, Zanabria César Enrique Guillén, Cortez Josselyn Lillian Pévez, and López Cecilia Sophia Vásquez. "Virtual Chef." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654705.
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En primera instancia, es preciso señalar que actualmente nos encontramos atravesando una pandemia global por el virus del Covid-19 y hasta la fecha no se conoce una solución para evitar el contagio de esta enfermedad. Por ello, se han implementado una gran cantidad de alternativas que faciliten a los usuarios ciertas actividades que impliquen contacto directo con otras personas. Una de estas es el delivery, que ha crecido un 250% en el país debido a la coyuntura actual, según datos de la empresa Touch Perú.
Esta pandemia está cambiando al mundo, por ende, la manera en la que solíamos estar acostumbrados a vivir ya no será la misma; las empresas y nuevos negocios deberán adaptarse a este contexto. En base a esta situación, se ha decidido implementar un aplicativo que facilite el acceso de información sobre recetas de comida Nikkei y la compra de materiales e insumos. Este aplicativo se diferencia principalmente por el hecho de que está completamente enfocado en la experiencia de la preparación de comida Nikkei en casa, por ello, es novedoso para las personas debido a que es el único aplicativo que ofrece estos servicios en el mercado peruano. Inicialmente, Virtual Chef, está enfocado en personas de 18 a 39 años que residen en Lima Moderna y pertenecen a los niveles socioeconómicos A y B. Sin embargo, el equipo desea abarcar mayor cobertura en el largo plazo.Firstly, it should be noted that we are currently experiencing a global pandemic of the Covid-19 virus and there is no known solution to prevent the spread of this disease. For this reason, a large number of alternatives have been implemented to facilitate certain activities that involve direct contact with other people. One of these is the delivery, which has grown by 250% in the country due to the current situation, according to data from the company Touch Peru. This pandemic is changing the world, therefore, the way we used to live will no longer be the same; companies and new businesses will have to adapt to this context. Based on this situation, it has been decided to implement an application that facilitates access to information on Nikkei food recipes and the purchase of materials and supplies. This application differs mainly by the fact that it is completely focused on the experience of preparing Nikkei food at home, so it is new for people because it is the only application that offers these services in the Peruvian market. Initially, Virtual Chef, is focused on people from 18 to 39 years old that reside in Modern Lima and belong to the socioeconomic levels A and B. However, the team wishes to include more coverage in the long term.
Trabajo de investigación
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Tapsoba, Tebkieta Alexandra. "Essays on remittances and climate variability in Burkina Faso." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD026/document.
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Les aléas climatiques et environnementaux sont aujourd’hui au cœur des préoccupations et il est reconnu que les pays en développement et surtout ceux d’Afrique et d’Afrique subsaharienne sont les plus vulnérables à ces risques climatiques, mais sont paradoxalement les moins responsables du réchauffement climatique. L’adaptation de ces populations est ainsi primordiale, et peut prendre plusieurs formes dont la migration, qui, par ses retombées financières est une source non négligeable de fonds permettant aux ménages de faire face aux risques climatiques, aux désastres naturels, aux conflits et chocs d’autre type. Comparativement aux pays de la région ouest africaine tels que le Mali, le Sénégal ou le Nigéria, le Burkina Faso, n’a pas fait l’objet d’un grand nombre d’études sur le thème de la migration et les transferts de fonds. Le pays a cependant une histoire migratoire riche dans un contexte de fortes variabilités climatiques. Les conditions climatiques sont d’autant plus importantes dans ce pays que son économie est fortement ancrée dans l’agriculture.Les résultats du présent travail montrent que les transferts de fonds ont un impact sur la capacité des ménages à gérer les effets néfastes des aléas climatiques sur leurs conditions de vie, mais ils ont également leurs limites. Le premier chapitre cherche à évaluer l’impact des transferts et de la variabilité climatique sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages Burkinabè. Nous proposons un indicateur de sécurité alimentaire prenant en compte les différents concepts de la sécurité alimentaire, et aussi un indicateur de variabilité interannuelle des précipitations. Après avoir contrôlé pour les problèmes d’endogénéité des transferts en utilisant des variables sur les caractéristiques démographiques des migrants et des variables de distance, nos résultats montrent que les transferts ont un impact positif sur la sécurité alimentaire, et trouvons le résultat inverse pour la variabilité des précipitations. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous testons l’effet des transferts et des désastres naturels sur la pauvreté des ménages, représentée par un indicateur que nous construisons. Les résultats montrent l’effet négatif des transferts sur la pauvreté. De plus, une réinterprétation de l’indicateur montre que les ménages ayant subi des catastrophes naturelles par le passé sont plus à même de faire face à l’éventualité de futures catastrophes. Dans le dernier chapitre de ce travail, nous testons la capacité des ménages agricoles à diversifier leur portefeuille d’activité lorsqu’ils font face à des risques de sécheresse, et lorsqu’ils reçoivent des transferts. Les résultats montrent que les transferts ne sont pas, à eux seuls, suffisant pour permettre aux ménages de diversifier leurs activités. La diversification est toutefois possible lorsque le niveau de richesse des ménages est déjà élevé lorsqu’ils reçoivent les transferts. La présente recherche contribue à mettre en lumière l’importance des transferts dans la capacité d’adaptation des ménages qui font face à des risques climatiques. Les politiques nationales et internationales pouvant contribuer à un acheminement plus efficace et moins couteux de ces flux sont à encourager. Cependant, afin que ces transferts soient efficaces, ils doivent être accompagnés de politiques de réduction des inégalités afin de ne pas rendre les plus pauvres encore plus pauvres. Ils doivent être ainsi vus comme complémentaires et non substituts d’autres sources de revenusEnvironmental and climate issues constitute a predominant and much up to date topic in international discussions. It is broadly recognized that developing countries are the most vulnerable when it comes to climate issues, albeit, they are the least responsible. Finding ways for households’ of these countries to cope with the harmful effects of climate goes through the necessity to identify mechanisms that can help, such as migration and remittances. The latter have been found in the scientific literature to be a hedge against several shocks such as natural disasters, conflicts, and economic shocks.This research thesis explores the theme of remittances, and climate variability in developing countries, by focusing on a sub-Saharan African country, Burkina Faso. Compared to its neighbouring countries, Burkina Faso has not been subject to much research in the migration and remittances. The country however has a vast migration history that is worth studying. Climate issues are also rampant, and very important, as the country is practising subsistence agriculture. The findings of this dissertation show that remittances have a positive impact on households’ ability to cope with the negative effects of climate issues. Yet these important sources of inflows for developing countries might have some limitations. The first chapter assesses the impact of remittances and climate variability on the food security of households in Burkina Faso. We build a food security index using principal component analysis that encompasses the accessibility and utilization dimensions of the concept. We also compute an inter-annual rainfall index and the latter is found to have a negative impact on food security. After controlling for potential endogeneity issues using distance variables and migrant characteristics as instruments, remittances are found to enhance food security. Results are robust to alternative measures of food security and alternative calculations of rainfall variability. In Chapter two, we assess the impact of remittances and natural disasters on poverty in Burkina Faso. To do so, we construct a poverty index using household’s housing characteristics and Multiple Correspondence Analysis method. Propensity score matching method is used as an empirical strategy, and results show that remittances have a negative impact on poverty. Another important result is that remittances have a higher impact on the resilience of households, when they have experienced disasters in the past. Therefore, when it comes to natural disasters, these inflows act as an important tool for populations to be more resilient. Lastly in chapter 3, we assess the role of remittances and drought on diversification strategies of farm-households. This chapter uses the same database as chapter two, and also takes advantage of the climate database of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of University of Anglia . Results show that remittances by themselves are not sufficient to push households towards costly diversification strategies, and they need to be conditional to households’ wealth status to be effective. Climate conditions as well as soil properties have not surprisingly been found to significantly push households towards diversifying their income.This research sheds light on the undeniable importance of remittances in helping households to cope with harmful effects of climate, but also on its limitations. International and national policies that will contribute in a more efficient and less costly conveying of these inflows are to encourage. However in order for remittances to be efficient, reducing inequalities and poverty within populations is a necessity. Otherwise, they can contribute to dig further poverty gaps and extensively the vulnerably levels inside populations. Therefore, remittances should be seen as complementary to other sources of income, rather than substitute
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Rivoal, Solène. "La Materia del pesce : structures, gestion et organisation des approvisionnements de Venise en produits de la mer au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0093.
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La thèse étudie les modalités d’approvisionnement de la ville de Venise en produits de la mer (poissons, crustacés et coquillages) au XVIIIe siècle. Il s'agit de comprendre un système qui concerne à la fois des acteurs, des pratiques, des espaces et des modes de gouvernement. L’analyse prend comme point de départ les espèces, puis leur exploitation, faisant du poisson une ressource alimentaire pour la ville. À Venise, l’ensemble des habitants, des patriciens aux membres du popolo les plus fragiles, consomme du poisson sous toutes ces formes. Cette consommation quotidienne a entraîné chez les acteurs impliqués dans ce système, pêcheurs, marchands et gouvernants, d’intenses réflexions autour de la propriété, de la gestion, de l’exploitation et de la protection des espèces. L’étude se situe ainsi à la croisée de plusieurs champs historiques (histoire environnementale, histoire sociale et histoire des institutions) et emprunte certaines de ses approches à l’histoire économique et à l’histoire urbaine. L’enjeu est donc de comprendre comment se crée et se négocie un système de gestion et d’exploitation d’une ressource, impliquant des savoirs politiques, des savoirs techniques et des usages particuliers élaborés dans des milieux lagunaires et maritimes. Cette interaction est en pleine évolution au XVIIIe siècle, à une période où les mécanismes marchands et économiques sont soumis à des évolutions de conception profondes. Les ressources de la mer n’échappent pas à ces questionnements et la materia del pesce, expression utilisée par les magistrats vénitiens, devient un espace de négociation entre les acteurs du système et les gouvernants dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècleThis study analyses how the city of Venice managed to supply its fish markets in the 18th century, an organization system that involved actors, practices, spaces, and government strategies. The analyze focuses initially on the fish, which means to start by specifying the specimens that were captured to assess the production rhythms. All the mentioned aspects defined the exploitation system of this product, which became a crucial food resource for the city. In Venice, everybody ate seafood in their everyday life, from nobles to popolani. Such a remarkable place of the fish as basic food resulted in intensive reflections by the government and by the actors involved in the markets (merchants, fishermen, or fishmongers). They were particularly concerned about the management, the exploitation, and also the protection of these resources. Therefore, this study is related to historiography in several manners: Environmental history, Social history, and the History of the institutions; and it uses some approaches from Urban history and Economical history as well.The aim of this research is to determine how a management system of a capital resource for the city could be created and negotiated, a complex plan that involved political knowledge, technical skills, and particular uses of the exploitation of the lagoon. This interaction between politics and technique evolved during the 18th century, a period in which the economic life changed deeply. The materia del pesce, an expression used by the Venetian government, became a subject of negotiation between the authorities and the fish market actors
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Cotté, Olivier. "La société urbaine à Tours et l’animal (14e-17e s.) : approche archéozoologique." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR2020/document.
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Ce travail de recherche a été réalisé à partir de l’étude de plus de 64 000 restes osseux provenant de 39 ensembles chrono-stratigraphiques issus de 7 sites répartis entre la ville et ses faubourgs. A l’aide de ce mobilier inédit, cette étude s’est attachée à appréhender, au travers des restes osseux, la ville dans ses dimensions économiques, culturelles et sociales entre les 14e et 17e siècles. Ainsi, au travers des études des proportions d’espèces, des âges et des sexes des animaux consommés, il a été possible de dresser les grandes tendances de l’approvisionnement de la ville durant ces quatre siècles tout en s’attachant à montrer la multiplicité des modes d’acquisition des animaux domestiques comme sauvages. Pour s’approvisionner en bétail, Tours met à contribution non seulement les élevages locaux consacrés à la production de viande mais aussi ceux qui produisent lait et laine. Ce travail a aussi mis en lumière aux portes de la ville le traitement industriel des carcasses de bœufs (traitement boucher et collecte de graisse). Cette étude a permis de caractériser le régime en viande des citadins et de différents contextes sociaux de la ville et notamment de mettre en évidence la grande différence dans le régime en viande qui existe à Tours entre les élites religieuses, qui se nourrissent de pièces de viande de qualité, et le reste de la population, plus particulièrement les commerçants et artisans urbains, dont l’alimentation est marquée par une forte consommation d’abatsThis research was conducted on the basis of over 64,000 bone remains from 39 chronostratigraphic units gathered from 7 sites located throughout the city of Tours and its immediate surroundings. The objective of this study was to use this unprecedented collection to size the economic, cultural and social dimensions of the city from the 14th to the 17th century through faunal remains. Thanks to the analysis of the proportions of species of animals eaten by age and gender, it is possible to define the main trends of meat supply in Tours over the period of time considered as well as to describe the many different ways of acquiring domestic and wild animals. In order to cater to its cattle need, Tours used local livestock bred for meat as well as milk and wool production. This research also sheds light on the industrial processing of beef carcasses (meat processing and fat collection). It is also possible to define the meat diet of city dwellers and of various social contexts of the city, highlighting for instance the difference in the meat diet of the religious elite, who ate prime cuts, and the rest of the population, more specifically city shopkeepers and craftsmen, whose diet mainly comprised of offal
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Bardaine, Clémence. "La fabrique des paysages et des savoir-faire agroforestiers dans le bassin francilien : acteurs, processus et projets." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IAVF0021.
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Face à la crise environnementale et climatique, les pratiques basées sur la gestion des processus écologiques ouvrent un nouvel horizon pour l’agriculture. L’enjeu actuel de l’agroforesterie basée sur les associations d’arbres, de cultures et d’élevage, n’est plus limité à la seule production, mais touche aussi à la durabilité́ de cette production, à la résilience du milieu cultivé vis-à-vis des aléas climatiques, à la fourniture des services écosystémiques et à la création de nouveaux « terroirs ». Il s’agit de concrétiser sa multifonctionnalité́ et son inscription dans le long terme. Or, ces pratiques agroécologiques ne peuvent pas résulter d’une pure application de recettes techniques ; elles se développent avec les caractères propres de chaque milieu accompagné par chaque agriculteur. L’entrée par les connaissances naturalistes et agroécologiques des agriculteurs, et par ce que l’on nomme paysage, peut-elle devenir un vecteur de transmission des pratiques agroforestières essentiellement par effet de voisinage et par apprentissage collectif ? Une étude critique des modalités et des dispositifs d’apprentissage, de transmission et d’accompagnement des pratiques agroforestières du Bassin francilien est menée à travers une démarche ethnopaysagère et géographique et par la sociologie pragmatique. Les récits des trajectoires agroforestières et en agriculture biologique ou de conservation des sols sont retracés à travers l’enquête ethnographique auprès d’agriculteurs et la collecte documentaire de terrain (photographies, dessins d’agriculteurs, plans de projets). Une typologie des différentes formes de paysages agroforestiers (linéaires d’arbres intra-parcellaire, complantés parfois d’une strate arbustive, maillage de haies champêtres, etc.) et la gamme des savoirs écologiques et de diversification qui y sont associés, est proposée. En regard, la méfiance envers les arbres chez certains agriculteurs de conservation des sols est identifiée. Dans un deuxième temps, l’enquête sur les modalités d’accompagnement par les parties prenantes du développement territorial (agriculteurs, propriétaires fonciers, agents des parcs naturels régionaux et des communautés de communes, vulgarisateurs), éclaire les conflits et les alliances entre acteurs territoriaux. Les outils et les processus d’apprentissage collectif de cette université agroforestière du dehors sont mis en évidence à travers les chroniques des ateliers de collectifs d’agriculteurs et des projets de recherche-participative autour du patrimoine de semences et de ligneux adaptés localement (enquête écologique, index-botanique, lecture et design paysager, ateliers de projets et de taille, sélection participative). Ce travail propose une synthèse des freins (le temps long, le manque de références locales et de savoir-faire de gestion, l’arbre dans le bail rural) et des conditions de transmission des pratiques agroforestières (implication des pionniers dans un groupe de pratiques, approche par l’expérience, implication des acteurs territoriaux). Celles-ci s’articulent entre différentes échelles : de la parcelle à la plaine, jusqu’à la communauté d’acteurs du « grand paysage ». Enfin, cette thèse identifie un ensemble d’expériences patrimoniales du vivant qui, à travers les bénéfices agro-écosystémiques et les filières alimentaires issus de ces nouveaux paysages agricoles, pourrait devenir le socle d’un projet local garant de la durabilité environnementale, sociale et économique du territoireFaced with the environmental and climatic crisis, practices based on the management of ecological processes are opening up a new horizon for agriculture. The current challenge of agroforestry, based on associations of trees, crops and/or animals, is no longer limited to production alone, but also affects its sustainability and in particular the provision of ecosystem services and the food resilience of territories. However, these agroecological practices cannot result from the application of technical recipes. Can farmers’ naturalistic and agroecological knowledge of landscapes, become a vector for the transmission of agroforestry practices mainly through neighborhood effect and collective learning ? A critical study of the methods and mechanisms of learning, transmission and support of agroforestry practices in the Paris Basin is carried out through a transdisciplinary, ethno-geographic and pragmatic approach. The stories of their agroecological trajectories are retraced through ethnographic investigation and documentary collection from the field (photography, drawing of farmers, project plan). A typology of the different forms of agroforestry landscapes (intra-plot tree lines, diversified hedgerows gridding, etc.) and the range of ecological and diversification knowledge associated with them is proposed. In contrast, the mistrust of trees among some soil conservation farmers is identified. Secondly, the survey on the methods of support by stakeholders in territorial development (farmers, landowners, agricultural development associations, agents of regional nature parks and communities of municipalities), sheds light on conflicts and alliances between actors. The tools and collective learning processes of this outside agroecological university are highlighted through the chronicles of farmers' collective workshops and participatory research projects around the heritage of locally adapted seeds and woody plants (ecological survey, botanical index, reading and landscape design, project and pruning workshops, participatory selection). This work offers a synthesis of the brakes (the long time, the lack of local references and management know-how, the tree in the rural lease). And the conditions of transmission of agroforestry practices (pioneering attitudes, empirical and transversal approaches, involvement of territorial actors) are articulated between different scales: from the plot to the plain, to the community of actors in the large landscape. Finally, this thesis identifies a set of updating of living heritage which, through the agro-ecosystem benefits and the local food systems resulting from these new agricultural landscapes; could become the basis of a local project guaranteeing the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the territory
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Choudhury, Samira. "An economic analysis of dietary diversification in the developing world." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/113353.
Full textAbstract:
Child undernutrition, including micronutrient deficiency, is widespread in many parts of the developing world. Low dietary diversity is a major source of this problem. This occurs where diets are predominantly based on starchy staples with few fruits, vegetables and animal-sourced foods. Improving children’s diets is therefore an important step towards solving the nutrition problem in low-income settings and reducing its debilitating symptoms such as stunting. Despite the importance that nutritionists attach to early childhood dietary diversification, very little research has focused on the key question of how dietary diversification can be accelerated. Chapter 1 reviews an extensive multi-disciplinary literature on dietary diversification that nevertheless fails to systematically address the multidimensional drivers of diversification, particularly in low-income settings. This thesis aims to fill this knowledge gap by investigating factors that drive dietary diversification at a national level (Chapter 2) and at an individual child level (Chapter 3). Chapter 4 sheds light on the nutritional impacts of dietary diversification specifically in the context of dairy, a food group widely perceived to be especially critical for child growth (Chapter 4). Chapter 2 of the thesis investigates the economic, social and agro-ecological indicators that drive dietary diversification of national food supplies (DFS) over time across countries and regions. The traditional economic view, stemming from Bennett (1944), is that economic growth is the major driver of the diversification of food supplies, but meso- and micro-level work point to many other drivers, and to potential agro-ecological constraints to diversification. This chapter addresses those questions through a cross-country analysis linking a simple measure of diversity of food supply (the share of calories supplied by non-staple foods) with various economic, social and agro-ecological indicators. Using panel regression models, the analysis shows that while economic growth and other indicators of structural transformation (urbanisation and demographic change) explain changes in DFS within countries, time-invariant agro-ecological indicators also are significantly associated with DFS. In short, broader structural transformation processes do appear to drive diversification, but some countries face retarded diversification because of specific agro-ecological constraints as well. In contrast to the global view on diversification in Chapter 2, Chapter 3 investigates the determinants of child dietary diversity specifically among pre-school children. Pre-schoolers are a crucial demographic, because most growth faltering occurs between 6 and 23 months of age. This chapter tests the various hypotheses emerging from the economics and nutrition literature by linking Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data on child dietary diversity to household socioeconomic characteristics with community level indicators of climate and infrastructure. Using non-parametric and parametric regression models, the findings uncover strong support for linear effects of household wealth (again, in keeping with Bennett’s Law) but also large and nonlinear associations with parental education, access to health services, infrastructure and climate, and modest associations with an indicator of women’s empowerment. Chapter 4 tests the importance of cow ownership for child growth in rural Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a country with unusually low levels of milk consumption by international standards and very high rates of undernutrition. Unlike previous papers in the literature, this chapter introduces a novel placebo test by distinguishing between lactating dairy cows that have produced milk over the past 12 months and those that have not. Using a rich nationally representative rural household survey, the results show a robust positive association between ownership of lactating cows and child growth among young children (6-23 months). The empirical analysis also reveals an unusual positive association between ownership of lactating cows and wasting, and some evidence that household dairy production is associated with reduced rates of breastfeeding in the first 12 months of life. In short, the apparent linear growth benefits of increased household milk availability are qualified by adverse breastfeeding outcomes and a disconcerting association with child wasting. Efforts to promote increased dairy consumption arguably should be accompanied by interventions to improve nutritional knowledge and emphasize exclusive breastfeeding in early life. The findings of this thesis have important implications for food and nutrition strategies that aspire to accelerate dietary diversification. Chapter 5 points to the results providing evidence that the impact of economic growth on dietary diversification is moderately strong; growth alone would yield only modest diversification without accompanying improvements in parental education, health infrastructure, physical infrastructure and broader demographic transformations. Reassuringly for the nutritionists, the results often suggest that nutritional knowledge may indeed be a critical determinant of dietary diversity, and one partly shaped by exposure to formal education and basic health services. However, more research is needed to determine how best to improve nutritional knowledge cost-effectively, and at scale. The demonstrated importance of agro-climatic and infrastructural constraints also provides support for the separability hypothesis. Resolving the problem of poor diets, especially in rural areas, will likely require significant investments in making markets more effective in delivering a diverse and affordable array of foods. More research is needed to determine how much more of such specific investments are needed to improve rural diets in particular settings.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Economics, 2018.
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Temirbulatova, Diana. "Caspian Gas Supplies: An Oportunity of EU Energy Diversification?" Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-278899.
Full textAbstract:
Today, energy security is a thorny issue for the European Union: levels of energy consumption are growing rapidly, while indigenous reserves are diminishing. The European Union seeks to diversify its energy suppliers, because overdependence on single supplier can undermine its energy security. Russia, the major supplier of gas to the EU, has demonstrated itself as unreliable energy supplier as a result of 2006 and 2009 disruptions. The Caspian region is seen as one of the options of gas supply diversification, and therefore the EU is making efforts to create pipeline route to supply Caspian gas bypassing Russia. Some European politicians agree that creation of such pipeline route could help Europe to lower dependence its dependence on gas supplies from Russia, and enhence European energy security. According to plan, the route should consist of three pipelines: TCGP, South Caucasus pipeline and Nabucco. The present research aims to define, whether the idea of Caspian gas supplies to the EU could contribute to European energy security and EU energy diversification. Given the confusion between those who predict that successful implementation of TCGP and Nabucco projects would guarantee better energy security for Europe and those who has doubts that construction of an energy bridge over the Caspian Sea can ever...
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Yang, Mei-fang. "An assessment of Cook-Chill Foodservice Systems." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27183.
Full textAbstract:
Cook-Chill Foodservice System was a new alternative foodservice
system in the 1960s. Food items in Cook-Chill Foodservice Systems are
prepared and chilled in advance of service, stored in inventory, and then
rethermalized before consumption.
The purpose of this research was to evaluate Cook-Chill Systems from
the foodservice manager's view. The objectives of this study were to: (1)
identify effects, advantages and disadvantages, and decision making factors
for selection Cook-Chill Systems as perceived by managers, and (2) determine
if the demographics influence managers' assessment.
A survey questionnaire was used to collect current information of
Cook-Chill Systems. One hundred thirty-four surveys were mailed
nationwide to foodservice managers with 95 (71%) valid responses. Data were
analyzed from the 74 respondents who currently used Cook-Chill Systems.
The results indicated that the perceived meal quality, quantity control
and personnel satisfaction was equal or better, and labor cost was decreased
and equipment cost increased were most often reported by managers in
comparing Cook-Chill Systems with prior systems. Managers identified
seven advantages: good working conditions, high productivity, labor savings, consistent quality food, good quantity control, nutrient retention,
and safety. One perceived disadvantage was high capital cost of equipment.
The five most often cited factors for selection of Cook-Chill Systems were labor
savings, good working conditions, consistent quality food, safety, and high
productivity. Factors most often cited for not selecting Cook-Chill Systems
were the limited menu and types of products produced, complaints of bad
food, and high capital cost.
Most Cook-Chill Systems have been installed in the past ten years
with previously centralized production flow. Cook-Chill Systems
accommodated small to large numbers of meals with both blast chiller and
tumbler chiller equipment and many reheating methods. Half of the
managers were involved in choosing, designing or implementing
Cook-Chill Systems.
Four significant outcomes were: (1) microbiological control was the
highest of meal quality contributes; (2) manager satisfaction was higher than
customer and employee satisfaction; (3) meal quality and personnel
satisfaction differed among reheating methods; and (4) management
experience for design or implementation influenced managers' willingness
in choosing these systems again.
Four recommendations were drawn from this research.
Recommendations were: (1) studies to identify factors contributing to success
of reheating methods, (2) standard models for cost recording, (3) approaches
to analyze capital cost, create menu items, and find causes of food quality
complaints, and (4) a Cook-Chill Information Center to share knowledge and
support the further development of Cook-Chill Systems.Graduation date: 1991
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Urtnasan, Nasandelger, and 巫松珊. "IMPROVING DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGY IN MONGOLIAN FOOD INDUSTRY BASED ON A NOVEL HYBRID MCDMMODEL." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28099085989686248224.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立聯合大學
管理碩士學位學程
102
ABSTRACT Mongolian industry sector has been growing in certain level in recent years, however it`s not adequate growth if we compare the food sector`s GDP contribution to the industry sector. Effectively ensuring uninterrupted supply of safe and good-quality food is one of critical issues for Mongolia, which imports 70 percent of total food consumed. Also have direct effects to Mongolian economy and raises inflation in terms of exchange rate depreciation of MNT to USD while imported foods are 2 times bigger than the food production of Mongolia. On the other hand, diversification applies for the following reasons: small population, small market size and short business lifecycle period for any company that operates in different fields. Therefore, it`s crucial and important to use in diversification in food sector of Mongolia. My study emphasizes on what are the main impacting factors for successful diversification in food sector. I conducted research by using A Novel Hybrid MDCM model to investigate the factors affecting successful diversification in the Mongolian food industry. On the scope of my research, I collected and analyzed surveys from 16 experts (these experts are the top level management team or professionals of companies and government bodies which applied diversification in their business operation First, literature and expert questionnaire (Delphi method) are employed to construct four dimensions and 15 criteria. Second, the DEMATEL method for building a network relationship is then introduced. Next, the influential weights are calculated using DANP (DEMATEL-based ANP). Finally, based on VIKOR, strategies are evaluated and implemented for performance evaluation via a case study. The results will be found to improving the affecting factors to diversification strategy in Mongolian food industry as reference. Key words: Diversification, Food industry, DEMANTEL, DANP, VIKOR
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ZHOU, PEI-LEI, and 周蓓蕾. "The sigaling effect of diversification : according to the cement, the food, and cable industry." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58766791283417803104.
Full text
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Ncube, Admiral. "Inpact of livelihood diversification on household food security : the case of Hurungwe District, Zimbabwe." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6905.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the role of livelihood diversification in promoting
household food security with particular reference to Hurungwe District in
Zimbabwe. This focuses on assessing the contribution and impact of
predominant livelihood diversification strategies in study area. The study
employed qualitative methods of research entailing focus group discussions,
observation, key informant interviews and literature review as methods of data
collection. The study revealed that limited access to credit, skills development,
markets and transport infrastructure weaken the efficacy of nonfarm livelihoods
to improve food security. Key recommendations are that government, NGOs
and communities must work in tandem to increase livelihood options for food
insecure communities. Suggested strategies include increasing access to micro
finance, vocational skills training and other support services paying attention to
gender considerations. Areas requiring further investigation which emanated
from the study include the impact of the shift to tobacco farming and how biotechnology has affected smallholder farmers.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)
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Ncube, Admiral. "Impact of livelihood diversification on household food security : the case of Hurungwe District, Zimbabwe." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6905.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the role of livelihood diversification in promoting
household food security with particular reference to Hurungwe District in
Zimbabwe. This focuses on assessing the contribution and impact of
predominant livelihood diversification strategies in study area. The study
employed qualitative methods of research entailing focus group discussions,
observation, key informant interviews and literature review as methods of data
collection. The study revealed that limited access to credit, skills development,
markets and transport infrastructure weaken the efficacy of nonfarm livelihoods
to improve food security. Key recommendations are that government, NGOs
and communities must work in tandem to increase livelihood options for food
insecure communities. Suggested strategies include increasing access to micro
finance, vocational skills training and other support services paying attention to
gender considerations. Areas requiring further investigation which emanated
from the study include the impact of the shift to tobacco farming and how biotechnology has affected smallholder farmers.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)
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Chou, Way-Chin, and 周偉欽. "Diversification , Capital Expenditure and Performance - A Study on List of Food Companies in Taiwan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c38w4s.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華科技大學
經營管理研究所
107
This study discusses the performance of enterprise of Taiwan food listed companies for capital expenditure and diversified management, taking 17 Taiwan-listed food stocks as samples from 2012 to 2018 , Regression analysis on the relationship between cumulative capital expenditure, diversification and enterprise scale for performance of enterprise during the period, The empirical research found that the overall impact of capital expenditure and firm size on the business performance of listed food companies has a significant impact, while the diversified operation has no significant impact on the performance of enterprise.
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Clark, Daniel E. "Roosting, site fidelity, and food sources of urban gulls in massachusetts: Implications for protecting public water supplies." 2014. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3615402.
Full textAbstract:
Anyone who has spent time in coastal New England has seen gulls flying overhead and heard their familiar sound; gulls may be one of the most recognizable birds in the world. There are over 50 species of gulls worldwide, and many of them are closely associated with human development or activities. In Massachusetts, there are several common gull species including herring (Larus argentatus), great black-back (Larus marinus), laughing (Leucophaeus atricilla), and ring-billed (Larus delawarensis). While coastal encounters with gulls are ubiquitous, gulls can also be found inland, and ring-billed and herring gulls are now a common sight at lakes, parks, and commercial parking lots dozens or hundreds of kilometers from the ocean. This inland population of gulls presents unique challenges and exciting research opportunities. Because they are often closely associated with human activity, concentrations of inland gulls can lead to potential water quality concerns (when large roosts form on public water supply reservoirs), airplane hazards (when groups of gulls concentrate near airports or flight paths), or disease transmission (when gulls forage at landfills or waste water treatment plants then visit areas with people). In the following chapters I explore various aspects of inland gull ecology during the non-breeding season. In chapter 1, I review the concept of philopatry in birds and discuss ways to assess site faithful behavior. In Chapters 2 and 3, I explore some of the ecological aspects of inland gulls. Chapter 2 examines the site fidelity of gulls to their wintering areas and my results suggest that gulls exhibit high winter-site fidelity but variable site persistence during the winter season. Chapter 3 explores roost site selection throughout the year and models roost selection in Massachusetts. My results indicate that ring-billed gulls prefer freshwater roosts, while herring gulls use saltwater roosts more often. In Massachusetts, both herring and ring-billed gulls select inland freshwater roosts based on the size of the water body and proximity to their last daytime location. In Chapter 4, I detail the results of an experimental study trying to reduce the amount of anthropogenic food available to gulls at inland parking lots. Ring-billed gulls were the most common gull found in parking lots, and my educational approach to reduce feedings had mixed results; education seemed to reduce the number of feedings in some cases, but the number of gulls in each parking lot was not affected. In Chapters 5 and 6, I detail some applied management techniques. Chapter 5 discusses efforts to exclude gulls from a waste water treatment plant in central Massachusetts. Overhead stainless-steel wires were completely effective at preventing gulls from using structures at the treatment plant. Chapter 6 describes an innovative technique that was used to efficiently and effectively catch gulls during winter in highly urbanized environments. I captured over 1000 gulls using a net launcher in various parking lots and other urban areas.
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"Extended food supply chain traceability with multiple automatic identification and data collection technologies." 2008. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893508.
Full textAbstract:
Hu, Yong.Thesis submitted in: October 2007.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-129).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1. --- Background and Motivation --- p.1
Chapter 1.2. --- Objectives of the Thesis --- p.3
Chapter 1.3. --- Scope of the Thesis --- p.6
Chapter 1.4. --- Structure of the Thesis --- p.6
Chapter Chapter 2. --- Review of Related Technologies --- p.8
Chapter 2.1. --- Scope and Requirements of the Supply Chain Traceability --- p.9
Chapter 2.2. --- Automatic Identification and Data Collection Technologies --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.1. --- Introduction to the AIDC Technologies --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.1.1. --- The Barcode --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.1.2. --- The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) --- p.17
Chapter 2.2.1.3. --- The Sensors for Food --- p.19
Chapter 2.2.1.4. --- The Global Positioning System (GPS) --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.2. --- Frequencies of the RFID Systems --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.3. --- Encoding Mechanisms for the RFID Tags and Barcode Labels --- p.30
Chapter 2.3. --- Standards and Specifications of the EPCglobal --- p.34
Chapter 2.3.1. --- The EPCglobal Architecture Framework --- p.34
Chapter 2.3.2. --- The EPCglobal EPCIS Specification --- p.39
Chapter 2.3.3. --- The EPCglobal Tag Data Standards --- p.42
Chapter 2.4. --- RFID Applications in Food Supply Chain Management --- p.43
Chapter 2.5. --- Anti-counterfeit Technologies and Solutions --- p.45
Chapter 2.6. --- Data Compression Algorithms --- p.47
Chapter 2.7. --- Shelf Life Prediction Models --- p.49
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Architecture and Scope of the Application System --- p.54
Chapter 3.1. --- Application System Architecture --- p.54
Chapter 3.2. --- Application System Scope --- p.55
Chapter Chapter 4. --- The Tracking and Tracing Management Module --- p.60
Chapter 4.1. --- Overview --- p.60
Chapter 4.2. --- AIDC Technologies Adopted for the Traceable Items --- p.62
Chapter 4.3. --- Mechanism to Achieve the Nested Visibility --- p.70
Chapter 4.4. --- Information Integration in the EPCIS --- p.75
Chapter 4.5. --- Anti-counterfeit Mechanism --- p.82
Chapter Chapter 5. --- The Storage and Transportation Monitoring Module --- p.90
Chapter 5.1. --- Overview --- p.90
Chapter 5.2. --- Compression of the Sensor Data --- p.93
Chapter 5.3. --- Management of the Sensor Data --- p.95
Chapter 5.4. --- Responsive Warning Mechanism --- p.102
Chapter Chapter 6. --- The Sensor Networks Enabled Assessment Module --- p.108
Chapter 6.1. --- Overview --- p.108
Chapter 6.2. --- Management of the Sensor Network Data --- p.110
Chapter 6.3. --- Active Warning Mechanism --- p.114
Chapter Chapter 7. --- Conclusions --- p.122
Chapter 7.1. --- Contributions --- p.122
Chapter 7.2. --- Future Work --- p.124
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Liao, Luo-Xuan, and 廖珞軒. "The Study on Determinants Affecting Purchase Intentions - Taking Eco-friendly Pet Supplies and Healthy Pet Food as Examples." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c5jx6e.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立勤益科技大學
企業管理系
107
As Taiwan enters the aging society, the factors such as low fertility rate, rise in individual consciousness and stressful life have led many people to start to raise pets and to regard pets as family members or the objects of emotional attachment, thus affecting the development trends of pet-related industries. According to the survey on the pet market, Taiwan’s pet economy is currently worth about NT $ 50 billion and the expenses on food and pet supplies account for 50% and 14% of the gross output, which shows that owners spend most of the money on food and pet supplies. The survey also shows that the improvement in owners’ concepts on pet health enables owners to choose high-quality supplies and food for pets in priority. Hence, many eco-friendly pet supplies and healthy pet food get more and more attention. With the development of the Internet, consumers can find commodity information and user experience at any time, which also makes it easy for consumers to generate herd behaviors. Hence, how the pet-related companies can improve the herd behaviors of consumers to affect their subjective norms and perceived values to increase consumers’ intentions to purchase eco-friendly pet supplies and healthy pet food is an issue worthy of study. Therefore, in this study, the general public was taken as the subjects to explore the influence relationship between herd behaviors, subjective norms, perceived values and the purchase intentions of eco-friendly pet supplies and healthy pet food, and the questionnaire survey and statistical methods were used to collect and analyze data. The analysis results indicate that: (1) herd behaviors have positive and direct effects on subjective norms and perceived values, and perceived values have positive and direct effects on purchase intentions of eco-friendly pet supplies and healthy pet food. (2) In demographic variables, there are significantly differences in perception of herd behaviors of people with different genders, in perception of perceived values and purchase intentions of eco-friendly pet supplies and healthy pet food of people with and without experience in using eco-friendly pet supplies and healthy pet food, and in perception of subjective norms of people at current residence. The above study results can be used as the reference for pet-related companies to make operating decisions.
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Tien, Siang-Cheng, and 田相澄. "The Relationship among Diversification Strategy, Dynamic Capabilities, and Performance: The Case Study of Taiwanese Food Companies." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23450529551859911317.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東商業技術學院
行銷與流通管理系(所)
98
As the Mainland China adopted economy reform policy, Taiwanese food companies have entered this market and gained good performance. Most of these food companies applied diversification strategies to seek business further growth. Want-Want group chose Non-related diversification strategy, while Ting Hsin group was dedicated to development of marketing channel. However, these diversification strategies are not all successful. The diversification success depended on firm’s core capabilities. Firms adopted diversification strategy as the major way to acquire rescources and to build or expand their core capabilities. Due to feasibility of explaining the interaction between firm’s internal strategies and external environment, this research applied dynamic capabilities theory to explore the diversification strategies of Taiwanese food companies and analyse how dynamic capabilities influenced their diversification development in China. To explore the long-turn development of firms, this research adopted case study. Because Want-Want group and Ting Hsin group are very successful in China, their experiences can be the best model for other Taiwanese corporations. This research treated the two groups as the research cases and then tried to find out how dynamic capabilities affect diversification strategies. This research finds that firms adopt related diversification strategy have better performance than those adopt unrelated diversification strategy. When firms possess higher degree of fitness in diversification strategy entry model, then they tend to have better diversification business performance. The higher the degree of fitness in diversification strategy entry model, the more likely the firms build position of dynamic capabilities. Finally, when firms possess stronger dynamic capabilities, then they have better performance even thought the fitness in diversification strategy entry model is low.
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Ghimire, Raju, and 吉米雷. "Income Diversification and Agricultural Technology Adoption: Implications for Rural Poverty Reduction and Food Security in Nepal." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67833102705850324812.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作系
104
The growing concern about increasing income of marginalized farmers and reducing food insecurity and rural poverty have been major policy agenda for low income countries. Adoption of yield increasing technology can chart a route for resource poor farmers to exit out of poverty, improve livelihoods and food security. Increasing agricultural productivity and improving sustainable livelihood of rural farmers is one of Nepal’s policy priorities. This study examines the adoption of improved agricultural technologies, in particular new generation modern rice and maize varieties, adoption intensity and their impact on family welfare among rural farm households in two agroecological regions of central Nepal. This study also evaluates the effects of household wealth on the adoption pattern of improved maize varieties (IMVs). Further, this study determines the factors influencing off-farm labor supply and its impact on farm households' food expenditure. Using various econometric models (Heckman's two-step estimator, Cragg's double-hurdle model), this empirical analysis clearly brings forth current issues on adoption literatures and suggests some policy implications suitable for South Asian context. We used cross-sectional farm-level data from 416 households, categorizing households into two wealth groups -- poorly endowed and well-endowed households -- and then estimated a double-hurdle model for adoption and intensity of adoption of IMVs for each group. The study found the presence of heterogeneous factors influencing adoption and intensity of adoption between poorly and well-endowed households, suggesting a need for wealth-group-specific policy interventions to increase adoption of IMVs and their subsequent impacts on food security. The results also indicated that the availability of seed in local retail outlets will benefit especially the poorly endowed farmers because distance to market showed a negative impact on adoption and intensity of adoption of IMVs. Therefore, government should establish a wide seed distribution network in rural areas, preferably by way of a public-private partnership (PPP), if the desired adoption rate and intensity of adoption are to be achieved. Linking farmers to markets by integrating farmers with potential buyers could help reduce transaction costs and make agriculture more profitable. Using Heckman's sample selection model, this study found a positive and significant impact of new-generation improved rice varieties (IRVs) on farm income, while distance to market and off-farm work exert a negative effect on farm income. The likelihood of adoption is mainly explained by age, education, extension service, seed access and consumers’ acceptability of rice grain. The results further revealed that farm size and land type have significant and positive influence on adoption of IRVs. Designing mechanisms to help promote IRVs adoption among poorer households by developing new varieties suited for rain-fed areas may be a reasonable policy instrument to generate higher incomes. The study also finds a quadratic life-cycle effect on the likelihood of off-farm labor supply. The results reveal that dependency ratio, distance to labor market, and farm size restrain off-farm labor supply, while the number of working adults, male head, and wealth index stimulate off-farm work participation. The result also shows that decisions to off-farm work positively affect the food expenditure of farm households. In particular, preference to dining at home reduces the food expenditure, while availability of food increases the food expenditure by farm households. The focus on promoting local food production, increasing food consumption and food security of rural people remain the foremost policy concern.