Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diversification model'
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Ahame, Edmund. "Statistical model for risk diversification in renewable energy." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008399.
Full textSydney, Roberta G. (Robert Gail). "Diversification within the real estate development industry : an elderly housing model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77696.
Full textGoldberg, Caroline, and Petter Katz. "Towards a Model for Predicting Related Diversification Outcomes : Merging Views on Synergy." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8807.
Full textBusinesses carrying out related diversification moves with the objective to gain synergy effects have been a frequently occurring phenomenon since the midst of the past century. Plenty of models have been constructed, mainly using external data, in order to predict the outcome of these moves, but a high degree of contradictory results in empiric testing shows that current models are insufficient. Our objective is to present a model which also takes into account the internal data presented by the line of research called horizontal strategies, with the aim of moving towards a more accurate explanatory model for related diversification. This is a study of literature which resulted in a model which may be used for approximations as a strategic planning device. Our main conclusions are that further empirical testing, mainly regarding the behaviour of costs for implementing interrelationships, is necessary in order to create an accurate, explanatory model for predicting the outcome of related diversification.
Bohlandt, Florian Martin. "Single manager hedge funds - aspects of classification and diversification." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85859.
Full textA persistent problem for hedge fund researchers presents itself in the form of inconsistent and diverse style classifications within and across database providers. For this paper, single-manager hedge funds from the Hedge Fund Research (HFR) and Hedgefund.Net (HFN) databases were classified on the basis of a common factor, extracted using the factor axis methodology. It was assumed that the returns of all sample hedge funds are attributable to a common factor that is shared across hedge funds within one classification, and a specific factor that is unique to a particular hedge fund. In contrast to earlier research and the application of principal component analysis, factor axis has sought to determine how much of the covariance in the dataset is due to common factors (communality). Factor axis largely ignores the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix and orthogonal factor rotation maximises the covariance between hedge fund return series. In an iterative framework, common factors were extracted until all return series were described by one common and one specific factor. Prior to factor extraction, the series was tested for autoregressive moving-average processes and the residuals of such models were used in further analysis to improve upon squared correlations as initial factor estimates. The methodology was applied to 120 ten-year rolling estimation windows in the July 1990 to June 2010 timeframe. The results indicate that the number of distinct style classifications is reduced in comparison to the arbitrary self-selected classifications of the databases. Single manager hedge funds were grouped in portfolios on the basis of the common factor they share. In contrast to other classification methodologies, these common factor portfolios (CFPs) assume that some unspecified individual component of the hedge fund constituents’ returns is diversified away and that single manager hedge funds should be classified according to their common return components. From the CFPs of single manager hedge funds, pure style indices were created to be entered in a multivariate autoregressive framework. For each style index, a Vector Error Correction model (VECM) was estimated to determine the short-term as well as co-integrating relationship of the hedge fund series with the index level series of a stock, bond and commodity proxy. It was postulated that a) in a well-diversified portfolio, the current level of the hedge fund index is independent of the lagged observations from the other asset indices; and b) if the assumptions of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) hold, it is expected that the predictive power of the model will be low. The analysis was conducted for the July 2000 - June 2010 period. Impulse response tests and variance decomposition revealed that changes in hedge fund index levels are partially induced by changes in the stock, bond and currency markets. Investors are therefore cautioned not to overemphasise the diversification benefits of hedge fund investments. Commodity trading advisors (CTAs) / managed futures, on the other hand, deliver diversification benefits when integrated with an existing portfolio. The results indicated that single manager hedge funds can be reliably classified using the principal factor axis methodology. Continuously re-balanced pure style index representations of these classifications could be used in further analysis. Extensive multivariate analysis revealed that CTAs and macro hedge funds offer superior diversification benefits in the context of existing portfolios. The empirical results are of interest not only to academic researchers, but also practitioners seeking to replicate the methodologies presented.
Toussaint, Emmanuel FA. "Insects as a model to puzzle out mechanisms of lineage diversification in the Indomalayan / Australasian archipelago." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-177872.
Full textSoummane, Salaheddine. "Oil rent and diversification facing climate challenge : The case of Saudi ArabiaRente pétrolière et diversification face au défi climatique : cas de l'Arabie Saoudite." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA012.
Full textThe increasing call for implementing a global and ambitious climate policy is expected to deteriorate economic outlook of oil-dependent countries. Our research work investigates the impact of this global low-carbon transition and the potential mitigation strategies for the largest oil exporter: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We propose an application using an integrated economy-energy-environment modelling framework taking into account salient features of the Saudi economy such as the currency peg and the regulated domestic energy prices.First, using an aggregated representation of the KSA economy, we show that a weaker oil price re-sulting from the global low-carbon transition is associated with a marginally lower growth, large trade surplus accumulation loss, and higher unemployment for the KSA. We analyse what scope the KSA has to mitigate climate policy impacts. We reveal that aligning domestic energy prices with international references and achieving energy efficiency gains increases economic efficiency while improving public budget prospects. This modelling framework allows to investigate scenarios while controlling the modelling macroeconomic specifications.We refine these outlooks in a mulstisector framework that further allows investigating diversifica-tion opportunities within the Saudi Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) and its Vision 2030 program. We conclude that economic diversification into non energy-intensive sectors (manufacture, tourism, and financial services) through increasing exports and import substitution, in addition to targeting fiscal adjustments of the corporate tax, provide a positive outlook compared with a continuous expansion of energy-intensive activities (minerals, petrochemical, and cement). Indeed, we show that diversification in non-energy intensive sector generates higher growth, and lower unemployment. In addition, under our designed economic diversification plan, the KSA ex-ceeds its climate pledges in terms of targeted CO2 abatement. Nevertheless, the continuous expan-sion of energy-intensive industries is associated with a better outlook for the public debt since the government derives higher revenues from its participation in energy-intensive industries. Finally, we conclude that in our two scenarios, the KSA only partially succeeds in its transition toward a less oil-dependent economy as part of the Vision 2030 program, suggesting that further reforms are to be considered.This thesis contributes to the literature on climate policy implementation and associated economic consequences for fossil-fuel exporters. It provides insights on economic reforms as mitigation strate-gies and could be thus adapted to cover additional countries and fuels
Hjelström, Tomas. "The closed-end investment company premium puzzle : model development and empirical tests on Swedish and British data /." Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögskolan i Stockholm] (EFI), 2007. http://www2.hhs.se/EFI/summary/723.htm.
Full textPai, Chih-Wen. "Determinants of the New Entry of HMOs into A Medicare Risk Contract: A Resource Dependence-Diversification Model." VCU Scholars Compass, 1996. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4946.
Full textWerneck, Fernanda. "Diversification and Conservation in the South American Dry Biomes: Distribution Modeling and Multilocus Lizard Phylogeography." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3308.
Full textMaliet, Odile. "Exploring heterogeneity in diversification patterns across the tree of life using probabilistic models." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS081.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, I present different approaches based on probabilistic models for quantifying and explaining heterogeneity in the diversification process across the tree of life, all in the probabilistic modeling framework. In the first chapter, we focus on the general shape of phylogenetic trees, and propose a new metric for the quantification of the age-richness relationship of the subclades within a tree. The study of this metric in a dataset of empirical phylogenies shows that they diverge from the expectation under an homogeneous speciation model, possibly because of within-clade speciation rates variations. In the second chapter of the thesis, I focus on a finer scale description of diversification rates variations, and introduce a new method to estimate lineage-specific diversification rates within a phylogeny. Compared to previously existing methods that aim at identifying a few diversification rate shifts with large effect, ours propose a more gradual view of diversification rate evolution. We apply our approach to a dataset of empirical phylogenies, and show that Intra-clade variations accounts a large part of the rate variations in the whole dataset, suggesting suggest that models with many gradual changes may be more appropriate than models with few punctuated shifts for describing the evolution of diversification rates. Finally, the last chapter considers more directly one of the possible cause of variation in diversification rates, which is the presence of inter-species ecological interaction. We build an eco-evolutionary model for the emergence of mutualistic, antagonistic and neutral bipartite interaction communities, and study it prediction on species and trait diversity, as well as on several key network structure metrics. Our model generates realistic network structures, antagonistic communities being more modular and less nested than mutualistic ones. We find that antagonistic interactions foster both species and trait diversity, while mutualistic interactions generate strong stabilizing selection, with a negative impact on both diversity measures
Millner, Timothy L. "Formulating a plan for economic diversification in defense dependent communities : establishing a model for stability, growth and development /." Springfield, Va. : Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA403329.
Full textZemoi, Jonas, and Cervantes Gabriel Cardona. "Economic Diversification in The United Arab Emirates : Is the economy leaving its oil dependency?" Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping University, Jönköping University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-7795.
Full textAs the public becomes more concerned with the natural environment, one of the major topics discussed is the oil. Since there is no true source of knowledge how long the oil can continue to be extracted, it is interesting to know how long the world can benefit from such as scarce resource. Instead of idly watching as oil production decreases with time, which pre-measures could be taken in order to minimize a negative impact on an economy? The UAE is a thriving oil rich countries which for the past 30 years have experienced a vast oil wealth. Even though the oil gave wealth to the UAE, they should avoid any future oil dependency since it could negatively affect its now flourishing economy. Therefore, for the UAE to continue growing in the future it is in the best interest for the government to focus on a diversifying strategy that promotes the non-oil economy. By referring to concepts and theories of previous research in this field such as the Solow growth model, Resource curse and Dutch disease the authors find that the UAE had managed to diversify or not. Three sectors in different periods between 1970 and 2007 were measured: The oil sector, the non-oil sector and the government sector. Diversification changes means a decreasing dependency of the oil sector to the non-oil sector while the latter instead depends more on the government sector. Using British Petroleum (2008) and United Nations (2008) as sources, data was collected in order to draw a time-series regression analysis and test empirically for these diversification trends. The results for all periods confirmed that the UAE have indeed diversified and it could thus be observed that it started its successful strategy already in the 1970s. With the right government policy investments and the stability in the union, the UAE prevented from becoming dependent on oil and thereby not crowding out its important non-oil economy.
Med en ökad allmän medvetenhet angående naturmiljön så är oljan bland det mest omtalande temat. Eftersom inget vet exakt hur länge oljan kan utvinnas, är det intressant att veta hur länge världen kan förlita sig på en sådan begränsad resurs. Finns det förebyggande medel för att minska en negativ verkan på ekonomin istället för att passivt bevittna en sjunkande oljeproduktion? Förenta Arabemiraten (FAE) är en framgångsrik union som under de senaste 30 åren har åtnjutit en omfattande oljerikedom. Trots att oljan lade grunden för tillväxten i FAE, så börs unionen undvika sitt oljeberoende eftersom den negativt kan påverka den nuvarande blomstrande ekonomin. Således, för att bibehålla tillväxten i FAE för framtiden, borde det vara i statens största intresse att fokusera på en differentierings-strategi som främjar icke-oljans ekonomi. För att veta om FAE faktiskt har differentierat sig eller inte, används koncept och teorier för tidigare forskning kring områdets som t.ex. Solows tillväxtmodel, Resursförbannelsen och holländska sjukan. Tre sektorer mättes i olika perioder mellan 1970-2007: oljesektorn, icke-sektorn och statssektorn. Icke-olje sektorn förväntas minska oljeberoendet samt öka beroendet av statssektorn vilket resulterar i en differentieringstrend i ekonomin. Genom källor från British Petroleum (2008) och Förenta Nationerna (2008) har data insamlats för att empiriskt testa en tidsserie regression och se förändringar mellan sektorerna. Under alla perioder i FAE blev en differentieringstrend bekräftad och man kunde därför se att denna framgångsrika strategi redan åtogs i 1970-talet. Med effektiva investeringar i den offentliga sektorn samt en hållbar stabilitet i unionen, undvek FAE ett oljeberoende och därmed främjade icke-olje ekonomin.
Linz, David M. "An investigation of the origins, diversification, and functional significance of the insect wings using a beetle as a model." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1499949489083869.
Full textYe, Tao. "Inter-sectoral and Inter-temporal Diversification of Agricultural Disaster Risk : Equilibrium Analysis of Risk Sharing Puzzle and the Role of Government." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/88039.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第15002号
工博第3176号
新制||工||1477(附属図書館)
27452
UT51-2009-R726
京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻
(主査)教授 岡田 憲夫, 教授 小林 潔司, 教授 多々納 裕一
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Barquero, Viviana, and Viviana Barquero. "Livelihood Assessment of Rural Delicias Chihuahua as Means for Developing a Community Energy Model." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621141.
Full textМузиченко, М. В. "Диферсифікація ринку природного газу ЄС в контексті забезпечення енергетичної безпеки (автореферат)." Thesis, ХНУ імені В. Н. Каразіна, 2018. http://dspace.univer.kharkov.ua/handle/123456789/14174.
Full textUpton, Danielle. "The United Arab Emirates: An Economic Role Model for the GCC." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1234.
Full textBachelors
Sciences
Political Science
Souza, Fernando Ferreira de Araujo. "Análise das influências das estratégias de diversificação e dos modelos de negócios no desempenho das empresas de real estate no período 2005 a 2010." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-06062012-162323/.
Full textThis research explores the diversification, growth strategies and economic performance of the real estate companies listed on the brazilian stock exchange BM&FBovespa. Between 2006 and 2008 years, more than twenty companies have made its initial public offering (IPO) of its stocks. As result, and with almost R$ 11 billion on cash, most companies have acquired large landbanks spread over the main cities of the country, and started to built on new markets, moving away from a specialized portfolio of products to a national level and diversified portfolio companies. In order to understand the relationship between the strategies and economic performance, the research identifies the level of geographical diversification and products of each company, and the main business models used to enter into new markets - partnerships with local developers, mergers and acquisitions, or own development. The companies were stratified into groups according to the level of diversification and their business models, and for each one the profit and the return of equity patterns were analysed. The results suggested that product specialized companies seems to have superior performance than national and diversified companies, and for entry into the low income housing sector, acquisition and own development business models were better than partnerships.
Pham, Thanh thao. "Stratégies de survie et de croissance dans un contexte de turbulence.Le cas des petites et moyennes entreprises dans le photovoltaïque." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1020.
Full textThe overall objective of this thesis is to investigate the survival capacities of actors operating in the photovoltaic industry, that is to say, in a fragmented segment of a value chain whose end-markets experienced turbulence. I intend to contribute to a better understanding of the diversification strategy of: (1) smaller and private firms; (2) non-or-low-tech companies; (3) in a specific economic environment (i.e. the context of turbulence). I conducted interviews and realized a quantitative study of 103 firms.The contributions are threefold.First, I propose a new taxonomy of industrial diversification based on the frontier of an industry and a market. Four possibilities derive from the intersection of intra- and inter-industry diversification: (1) single-business enterprises; (2) intra-industry diversifiers; (3) inter-industry diversifiers in two industries; and (4) inter-industry diversifiers in more than two industries.Second, I identify four business models that derive from these four strategies, which allows me to argue that there can only be a limited number of business models in an industry.Finally, this study identifies two factors impacting a firm’s survival capabilities and growth performance of SMEs in the medium term resulting in four growth performances: (1) the managers’ business horizon focus, and (2) timing of business responses. The results show four trajectories of firm performance. Moreover, while higher performers are more inclined to engage in retrenchment strategies that reduce their overall performance, lower performers tend to invest large amounts, resulting in a better performance. It results in a homogenization of firm performance over time
Kerdpholngarm, Chayanin. "Analysis of Pricing and Reserving Risks with Applications in Risk-Based Capital Regulation for Property/Casualty Insurance Companies." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/rmi_diss/20.
Full textFolkestad, Geir. "Risk Management for Residential Property. : Hedging alternatives for small investors." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-280.
Full textThis thesis has the intention to investigate the risk situation for small investors in the domestic residential property market in Sweden, and discuss some alternatives for reducing that risk. Focus will be on risk reduction by diversification.
Residential property is considered to be a rather safe investment for the long term investor. The return is determined by the change of value for the property (capital growth), and the direct return through net rental income. When investments in residential property are compared with other types of investments, they have high returns compared to their stan-dard deviation. Diversification gains are described in the frame of the Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM).
The CAPM shows that portfolios based on residential property can reduce their risk and maintain the same level of returns through diversification. To get the best effect out of this diversification this should be done with assets that are least correlated with residential property. This thesis has tested with other residential property, other real estate and equities/bonds. Of which equities/bonds gave the best results. An optimal portfolio based on historical data from 1984 – 2003 suggests a portfolio with 40 -60 % residential property, 30 – 60 % bonds and 0 – 10 % equities. This is with a risk free rate between 3 – 11 %. The debt ratio for this portfolio is determined by the investor’s risk-aversity and utility function.
The positive effects from diversification have to be compared to the increased scale effect from investing in more residential property when chosing new investment items. Investors can get a good diversification performance even with a few stakes. The main point in this thesis is that investors with residential property can get positive effects from diversification and the effects from diversification increase the more different the investments are.
Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A. [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Haszprunar. "Insects as a model to puzzle out mechanisms of lineage diversification in the Indomalayan / Australasian archipelago [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Emmanuel F. A. Toussaint. Betreuer: Gerhard Haszprunar." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1069743305/34.
Full textToussaint, Emmanuel F. A. Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Haszprunar. "Insects as a model to puzzle out mechanisms of lineage diversification in the Indomalayan / Australasian archipelago [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Emmanuel F. A. Toussaint. Betreuer: Gerhard Haszprunar." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-177872.
Full textZuzák, Jaroslav. "Modeling of natural catastrophes." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149862.
Full textSenger, Igor. "Compreensão dos fatores psicológicos que afetam a tomada de decisão dos agricultores familiares na diversificação da produção : uma aplicação da teoria do comportamento planejado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/169288.
Full textPublic actions and policies have been developed to stimulate Brazilian farmers to diversify their production. However, those actions have been unable to stimulate the economic and productive diversification. We justify the importance of the diversification of agricultural production because it contributes to the rural development, diversification of income sources and consequent increase of familiar income, it helps the growth of agricultural production and enables more security in relation to the effects of the market changes. This research intends to verify the factors that affect the intention of familiar farmers that work with milk production on the decision to diversify the agricultural production in the north of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. To this end it conducted a survey of 101 farmers. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used as a theoretical and methodological approach to analyze and explain the subjacent psychological constructs that influence the farmers’ diversification decision. The results revealed that the intention was mainly determined by the farmers’ evaluation to diversify the agricultural production (attitude), followed by their perception about the social pressure to develop this productive strategy (subjective norm). The farmers’ perception about their own capacity to diversify (perceived behavioral control) was insignificant in this research. The cluster analysis permitted to identify two groups with different intention levels, one composed by farmers with a strong intention to diversify and another one with a weak intention. The groups showed differences in relation to the psychological constructs, some socioeconomic characteristics and the orientation about their aims. However, both of them didn’t disagree in relation to the decision styles. So, the results of this thesis suggest that, to increase the productive diversification in rural properties, it’s necessary to develop actions to provide information relative to the advantages and possibilities of the diversification in small rural properties, as well as increasing the social pressure in order that farmers diversify their activities.
Hjelström, Tomas. "The closed-end investment company premium puzzle : model development and empirical tests on Swedish and British data." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Redovisning och Finansiering (B), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-480.
Full textDiss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2007
Suppakittiwong, Tanyatorn, and Sornsita Aimprasittichai. "A Study of a Relationship Between The U.S. Stock Market and Emerging Stock Markets in Southeast Asia." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46781.
Full textBelghali, Moulay Ghali, and Samuel Olichon. "The “Top” woman in the Organization : An assessment of females' current and future situation in high responsibility positions." Thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-346.
Full textThe problem for women in the work market has been and is still being widely studied from different domains and fields, there is however still countless fissures linked to it. Even though the gender equality has comprehensively increased in recent decades, it is still apparent in high responsibility positions. This situation caught our attention and stimulated us to analyse the women’s condition within organizations.
Scholars have developed different theories linked to organizations, but our complex and fast developing society has surpassed most of these classical theories, making them either partially or totally irrelevant. For instance standards such as hierarchical organizations, individualism and aggressiveness are no longer considered as the most efficient values.
This work investigates the barriers that women have to overcome in order to break though leading positions, as well as the identification of female and male leadership and their stereotypes’ consequences. Accordingly, we intend to propose solutions and new approaches liable to help integrating more women in high profile positions. We are aspiring to create a new trend representing successful leadership that is no longer correlated to the male stereotype.
The theoretical part engages in theories surrounding female gender leadership as well as gender related barriers, while the empirical method involves the conduction of semi structured interview with women in high management positions, with the aim of setting up a solid ground for analysis and discussion. Due to this fact, we believe that the woman is the future of the organization, therefore we firstly call for the implementation and the reinforcement of the female “role model” and secondly encourage companies to adopt and promote our new concept of “the ecological organization” in order to achieve a more flexible, balanced and sane organizational culture in a foreseeable future.
Ryder, Robin Jeremy. "Phylogenetic models of language diversification." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543009.
Full textde, Sauvage Vercour Héloïse. "Analysis and comparison of capital allocation techniques in an insurance context." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122863.
Full textKoch, Erwan. "Outils et modèles pour l'étude de quelques risques spatiaux et en réseaux : application aux extrêmes climatiques et à la contagion en finance." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10138/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at developing tools and models that are relevant for the study of some spatial risks and risks in networks. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first one is a general introduction containing the state of the art related to each study as well as the main results. Chapter 2 develops a new multi-site precipitation generator. It is crucial to dispose of models able to produce statistically realistic precipitation series. Whereas previously introduced models in the literature deal with daily precipitation, we develop a hourly model. The latter involves only one equation and thus introduces dependence between occurrence and intensity; the aforementioned literature assumes that these processes are independent. Our model contains a common factor taking large scale atmospheric conditions into account and a multivariate autoregressive contagion term accounting for local propagation of rainfall. Despite its relative simplicity, this model shows an impressive ability to reproduce real intensities, lengths of dry periods as well as the spatial dependence structure. In Chapter 3, we propose an estimation method for max-stable processes, based on simulated likelihood techniques. Max-stable processes are ideally suited for the statistical modeling of spatial extremes but their inference is difficult. Indeed the multivariate density function is not available and thus standard likelihood-based estimation methods cannot be applied. Under appropriate assumptions, our estimator is efficient as both the temporal dimension and the number of simulation draws tend towards infinity. This approach by simulation can be used for many classes of max-stable processes and can provide better results than composite-based methods, especially in the case where only a few temporal observations are available and the spatial dependence is high
Tófoli, Paula Virgínia. "Abertura da conta de capital e crescimento econômico nos países emergentes : teorias, evidências empíricas e um estudo do caso brasileiro." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14997.
Full textMost writings on the macroeconomic impact of capital account openness find no effects of liberalization on real variables. However, a critical reading of this literature reveals that most of these studies do not really address the theory they set out to test. Those who defend a positive impact of financial liberalization on economic growth accept the neoclassical growth model’s predictions of permanent reduction on the cost of capital and temporary increase in investment in emerging markets when they liberalize their capital account. The lion’s share of papers that find no effect of liberalization on real variables do not test these predictions. A small but growing branch of this literature on the relationship between capital account liberalization and economic growth that takes the time series nature of the neoclassical model’s predictions seriously (papers that adopt the policy-experiment approach) find that opening the capital account within an emerging country generates significant effects on investment and economic growth. Disaggregating the data, that is to say, applying the policy-experiment approach to firm-level data, provides a tighter link to the theory than aggregate data and enough degrees of freedom to adopt a new identification strategy that allows of the test on the efficiency of capital allocation within the developing country that opened its capital account. The objective of this dissertation is to address the theories and evidences of the impact of capital account liberalization in emerging countries on their economic growth, analyzing the existing empirical methodologies applied to test this relationship, emphasizing the theories that support their empirical tests as well as their main findings. The effects of capital account opening in Brazil, in the 90’s, will be analyzed, using the recent firm-level data identification strategy, to check the empirical validity of the neoclassical growth model’s predictions in this situation.
Banet, Amanda Inez. "Evolutionary diversification of reproductive modes in livebearing fishes." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957301301&SrchMode=2&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1268858219&clientId=48051.
Full textIncludes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 17, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
Yuan, Jiangchuan. "Risk diversification framework in algorithmic trading." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51905.
Full textHöhna, Sebastian. "Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference : Estimating Diversification Rates from Reconstructed Phylogenies." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-95361.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 4: Accepted.
Ruano, Fábio dos Santos. "Commodities and portfolio diversification : myth of fact?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19333.
Full textEste estudo pretende analisar se as matérias-primas apresentam potencial de diversificação para portefólios de ações de investidores com aversão às perdas. A recente financialização do mercado das matérias-primas pode estar a afetar a vida de milhões de famílias a nível global, uma vez que determina o custo de vida. Alargamos a abordagem de Bessler & Wolff (2015) com o uso de indicadores de desempenho com o principal foco no risco de queda. A análise empírica considera a perspetiva das finanças comportamentais na avaliação dos benefícios de diversificação de 16 contratos futuros individuais e um índice de matérias-primas. Este estudo confirma a elevada sensibilidade das matérias-primas às condições económicas do mercado. O sector energético de matérias-primas tem um melhor desempenho durante períodos de expansão económica. Os metais preciosos apresentam benefícios de diversificação tanto em períodos de expansão como de recessão, enquanto as matérias-primas do sector da pecuária apresentam um grande potencial de diversificação durante recessões. No geral concluímos que continuamos a observar benefícios de diversificação, mas estes dependem do período em análise, e têm vindo a decrescer ao longo do tempo.
This study aims to investigate whether commodities yield diversification benefits to stock portfolios for loss-averse investors. The recent financialization of the commodity market increased correlations with stocks and thus may be hurting millions of households around the world, as it determines the cost of living. We extend the framework of Bessler & Wolff (2015) by using alternative performance measures mainly related to the downside risk. The empirical analysis accounts for a behavioral finance perspective in the assessment of diversification benefits from 16 individual future contracts and one index future on commodities. Our study confirms the high sensitivity of commodities to market economic conditions. The energy sector performs better under economic expansion periods. Precious metals yield diversification benefits both in expansion and recession periods, while livestock commodities display a high potential to reduce risk especially during recessions. Overall, our findings yield that there is still a diversification benefit, but it is time-dependent and the benefits have been decreasing over time.
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Ghafeer, Amna. "Value chain diversification in the sugar industry using quantitative economic forecasting models." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33744.
Full textSiegel, Paul B. "The relationship between changing economic structure and performance: diversification, diversity, growth, stability, and distribution impacts." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40017.
Full textDONGMO, GUEFACK ERIC. "Hedge Fund Industry: Performance Measurement, Statistical Properties and Fund Characteristics." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/981.
Full textIn this thesis, I examine the risk-adjusted performance, statistical properties and fund characteristics of hedge fund investments. In Essay One, results of survivorship bias and backfill bias by investment styles indicate that biases are different across styles. Using a multi-factor model of Fung and Hsieh (2004), the analysis of performance indicates that 42% of the hedge funds significantly outperformed the market. Finally, using parametric and non-parametric methods, the analysis of persistence indicates different degree of persistence depending on the hedge fund strategy. In Essay Two, I analyse fund of hedge funds (FOHFs). I find several interesting results. First, FOHFs and the sub-strategies earn positive excess returns and a high Fung and Hsieh 7-factor alpha. Second, FOHFs and the sub-strategies underperform the hedge fund index (HFI). Third, the correlations between FOHF indices and equity index are lower than correlations between HFI and equity indices. Finally, hedge funds and FOHFs are positively correlated with the equity index in the bear markets but uncorrelated with the equity index in the bull markets. Compared to HFI, FOHF indices have lower correlation with equity index in both bull and bear markets, indicating that FOHFs provide better diversification benefits than individual hedge funds.
Maritz, Gerrit. "Assessing risk in the Paarl/Berg River region by means of various portfolio diversification models." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52703.
Full textThesis (MAgricAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The need to take account of risk in agriculture must be part of every decision taken in agriculture. Yet risk is nothing to be too afraid of Risk is a choice rather than a fate. The actions we dare to take, which depend on how free we are to make choices, are what the theory of risk is all about. The task is rather to manage risk effectively, within the capacity of the farmer, business or group in order to withstand adverse outcomes. Some methods of managing risks are feasible for all types of farms. Others are only feasible for certain sizes and types of farms. Therefore, farmers in general need a systematic technique that will enable them to choose an efficient investment strategy from among all feasible strategies. Specifically, given n risky assets (such as the different enterprises in the PaarlIBerg River region), it is essential to seek a diversification strategy which yields a portfolio lying on the efficient frontier. The research question was whether different diversification models (Markowitz diversification model, Single Index Model and the Capital Asset Pricing Model) that are normally applied in capital markets for the construction of optimal diversified portfolios consisting out of different shares, are also applicable on risky portfolios in agriculture comprising different enterprises in the PaarlIBerg River region. The efficient frontier can be seen as the graphical representation of a set of portfolios that maximize expected return for each level of portfolio risk. The Microsoft Excel portfolio optimiser (SOLVER) programme was used to illustrate the investment proportions, expected returns, and standard deviations of the portfolios ofthe efficient frontier. The Single Index Model (SIM) can be used as an alternative to Markowitz diversification model. It drastically reduces the number of parameters needed to be estimated and yields the efficient set relatively easily without the technical difficulties characterising the fullrank solution. However, if the SIM assumptions are in contradiction to the actual data, the simplification of the calculations is achieved at the cost of getting imprecise results. The simplicity of SIM calculations was attained at a cost of constructing a sub-optimal portfolio, which does not lie on the corresponding efficient frontier. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) reveals that there is a great deal of systematic risk in relation to the portfolio enclosed in this study. By using the CAPM it is possible to determine which part of the risk the producer can control (non-systematic risk) and which part the producer has no control over (systematic risk). The proportions of systematic risk that can be diversified away are small, relative to the total risk of the Farm Sector Portfolio. The success of these models depends on the efficiency of the market, as weU as a large, up-to-date and reliable data source. Many younger cultivars could not be included in this study, due to the limited availability of data. In the next few years as data become available, it will be possible to construct efficient frontiers out of a wider range of enterprises. Different enterprises and cultivars will increase the number of alternative uses for natural resources in the PaarlIBerg River region through diversification. This will result in more choices for the farmer, and more flexibility in the decision-making process. Without reliable data, the result will be "garbage in, garbage out."
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In elke besluit wat geneem word in landbou moet risiko as 'n faktor in ag geneem word. Tog is risiko nie iets om te vrees nie. Dit is eerder keuse as noodlot. Die stappe wat ons waag om te neem, wat afhang van hoe vry ons is om keuses te maak, is waaroor die teorie van risiko gaan. Die doel van die tesis is om risiko effektief te bestuur binne die vermoëns van die boer om sodoende negatiewe resultate die hoof te bied Sommige metodes van risikobestuur is lewensvatbaar vir alle soorte plase. Ander is slegs lewensvatbaar vir sekere groottes en tipes plase. Daarom benodig boere in die algemeen 'n tegniek wat dit vir hulle moontlik maak om 'n effektiewe beleggingstrategie te kies uit die verskillende uitvoerbare strategiee. Gegewe n as riskante aktiwiteite (soos die verskillende gewasse in die PaarllBergrivierstreek) is dit noodsaaklik om 'n diversifiseringstrategie te vind wat 'n portefeulje sal lewer wat raak aan die effektiewe grens. Die navorsingsvraag was of verskillende diversifiseringsmodelle (Markowitz diversifiseringsmodel (MVC), "Single Index Model" (SIM) en die "Capital Asset Pricing Model" (CAPM)) wat gewoonlik toegepas word in kapitaalmarkte vir die samestelling van optimale gediversifiseerde portefeuljes bestaande uit verskillende aandele, ook van toepassing sal wees op riskante portefeuljes in die landbou in die PaarlJBergrivierstreek, wat verskillende gewasse insluit. Die effektiewe grens kan gesien word as die grafiese voorstelling van 'n stel portefeuljes wat die verwagte winste vir elke vlak van portefeuljerisiko vermeerder. Die Microsoft Excel portefeulje optimeringsprogram (SOLVER) word gebruik om die beleggingsverhoudings, verwagte winste en standaardafwykings van die portefeuljes aan die effektiewe grens te illustreer. Die "Single Index Model" (SIM) kan gebruik word as 'n alternatief vir die Markowitz diversi:tikasiemodel. Dit verminder drasties die getal parameters en lewer maklik die effektiewe reeks, sonder die tegniese probleme wat ondervind word met die oplossing by die Markowitz model. Nietemin, indien die SIM die werklike data weerspreek sal die vereenvoudiging van die berekenings bereik word ten koste van onakurate resultate. Die eenvoud van die SIM is verkry ten koste van die samestelling van 'n suboptimale portfeulje, wat nie aan die ooreenstemmende effektiewe grens lê nie. Die "Capital Asset Pricing Model" (CAPM) wys dat daar baie sistematiese risiko gekoppel is aan die portfeulje ingesluit in hierdie studie. Deur gebruik temaak van die CAPM is dit moontlik om vas te stel watter deel van die risiko (nie-sistematies) die produsent kan beheer en watter deel die produsent nie kan beheer nie (sistematiese risiko). Die verhouding van sistematiese risiko wat weggediversifiseer kan word is klein in verhouding tot die algehele risiko van die boerderysektor portefeulje. Die sukses hang afvan die doeltreffendheid van die mark, sowel as 'n groot tot-op-datum en betroubare bron van data. Baie van die jonger aangeplante kultivars kan nie ingesluit word in hierdie studie nie as gevolg van beperkte data In die volgende paar jaar, soos data beskikbaar word, sal dit moontlik wees om effektiewe grense van 'n wye reeks gewasse saam te stel. Verskillende gewasse en kultivars sal die hoeveelheid alternatiewe gebruike van natuurlike hulpbronne in die PaarllBergrivierstreek vermeerder deur diversifikasie. Dit sal lei tot meer keuses vir die boer en meer buigsaamheid in die besluitnemingsproses. Sonder betroubare data kan betroubate resultate nie verkry word me.
Alenius, Peter, and Edward Hallgren. "P/E-effekten : En utvärdering av en portföljvalsstrategi på Stockholmsbörsen mellan 2004 och 2012." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-76206.
Full textTezcan, Berna. "Developing Alternative Modes Of Tourism In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605524/index.pdf.
Full texts. Additionally consumer&rsquo
s preferences and tendencies towards seeking new activities regardless of sea-sun-sand type of tourism have been started to change. Therefore popular tourist destinations are in a position where to develop alternative tourist activities to sustain their market shares in world tourism market. In compliance with this trend, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze the need and the reason of Turkish Tourism Industry moving away from concentrating merely on mass tourism and accordingly to evaluate the efforts of Turkish tourism authorities in diversifying tourism activities and extending the tourist season to year round with reference to Tourism Development Regions, Amendment of Tourism Encouragement Law, etc. Additionally the importance of focusing on cultural, historical, traditional identity and unique assets of Turkey in order to sustain its ranking in the international tourism market is stressed.
Wei, Xiaoli. "Control of McKean-Vlasov systems and applications." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/WEI_Xiaoli_2_complete_20181127.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of optimal control of McKean-Vlasov dynamics and its applications in mathematical finance. This thesis contains two parts. In the first part, we develop the dynamic programming (DP) method for solving McKean-Vlasov control problem. Using suitable admissible controls, we propose to reformulate the value function of the problem with the law (resp. conditional law) of the controlled state process as sole state variable and get the flow property of the law (resp. conditional law) of the process, which allow us to derive in its general form the Bellman programming principle. Then by relying on the notion of differentiability with respect to probability measures introduced by P.L. Lions [Lio12], and Itô’s formula along measure-valued processes, we obtain the corresponding Bellman equation. At last we show the viscosity property and uniqueness of the value function to the Bellman equation. In the first chapter, we summarize some useful results of differential calculus and stochastic analysis on the Wasserstein space. In the second chapter, we consider the optimal control of nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems in discrete time of McKean-Vlasov type. The third chapter focuses on the stochastic optimal control problem of McKean-Vlasov SDEs without common noise in continuous time where the coefficients may depend upon the joint law of the state and control. In the last chapter, we are interested in the optimal control of stochastic McKean-Vlasov dynamics in the presence of common noise in continuous time.In the second part, we propose a robust portfolio selection model, which takes into account ambiguity about both expected rate of return and correlation matrix of multiply assets, in a continuous-time mean-variance setting. This problem is formulated as a mean-field type differential game. Then we derive a separation principle for the associated problem. Our explicit results provide an explanation to under-diversification, as documented in empirical studies
Duarte, Rafael Campos. "Colour polymorphism and its function in Hippolyte obliquimanus: camouflage and resource use diversification." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-19072018-143815/.
Full textEsta tese aborda os mecanismos que regulam a evolução e manutenção do polimorfismo de cor no camarão Hippolyte obliquimanus ao longo de quatro capítulos que ilustram de forma integrada as consequências ecológicas e comportamentais das distintas estratégias de camuflagem e de uso do habitat selecionadas nos principais morfótipos da espécie. No Capítulo 1, intitulado Camouflage through colour change: mechanisms, adaptive value, and ecological significance, são detalhados de maneira geral os mecanismos fisiológicos e estruturais responsáveis pelo processo de mudança de cor e obtenção de camuflagem em diferentes espécies de animais. Nessa seção também é detalhado o valor adaptativo e as implicações ecológicas e evolutivas desses processos. No Capítulo 2, intitulado Shape, colour plasticity, and habitat use indicate morph-specific camouflage strategies in a marine shrimp, são investigados os processos de mudança de cor e de seleção de habitat como possíveis mecanismos reguladores dos padrões de camuflagem e de distribuição dos morfótipos de cor de H. obliquimanus entre os bancos das algas Sargassum furcatum e Galaxaura marginata. Além disso, também são avaliadas diferenças morfológicas e comportamentais entre os morfótipos na utilização dos habitats vegetados. Camarões caracterizados por uma coloração homogênea (H) mudam de cor quando em contato com substratos de coloração diferente à sua, exibindo também uma morfologia mais robusta e um comportamento de alta fidelidade e especialização aos substratos de macroalgas. Por outro lado, camarões transparentes listrados (TL) não mudam de cor e apresentam elevada mobilidade, consistente com uma morfologia mais hidrodinâmica e com uso mais generalizado dos habitats estudados. No Capítulo 3, intitulado The adaptive value of camouflage and colour change in a polymorphic shrimp, são utilizados modelos visuais e experimentos de predação para testar o valor adaptativo da camuflagem e mudança de cor em diferentes morfótipos do camarão H. obliquimanus quando estes estão associados a macroalgas que fornecem diferentes graus de semelhança cromática. O baixo grau de discriminação cromática previsto para camarões rosa em associação à alga vermelha Galaxaura através da modelagem visual de um predador (cavalo-marinho) resultou em baixas taxas de detecção e predação desse morfótipo por cavalos-marinhos em um experimento de laboratório, demonstrando um alto valor adaptativo da camuflagem nessa espécie. Por fim, no Capítulo 4, intitulado Habitat-dependent niche partitioning between colour morphs of the algal-dwelling shrimp Hippolyte obliquimanus, a ecologia trófica dos morfótipos de cor H e TL na utilização dos bancos de Sargassum e Galaxaura é avaliada através de análises de isótopos estáveis. Os morfótipos de cor mostraram diferenças nas razões isotópicas apenas em Galaxaura, onde a abundância de recursos alimentares é limitante, levando à diversificação de nicho trófico entre camarões H e TL e uma provável redução da competição intraespecífica. Por outro lado, em Sargassum, onde há abundância de recursos, a coexistência entre os morfótipos é possível mesmo sem partição de nicho ecológico. Em conjunto, os resultados obtidos nessa tese detalham tópicos centrais sobre os mecanismos reguladores e o valor adaptativo do polimorfismo cromático em H. obliquimanus. Dentro de uma abordagem ecológica e evolutiva, as diferentes estratégias de camuflagem e de uso de habitat dos morfótipos de cor parecem ser essenciais para o equilíbrio populacional da espécie, uma vez que os bancos de macroalgas utilizados como habitat pelos indivíduos são bastante heterogêneos e sua disponibilidade varia sazonalmente.
Dias, Raquel Alexandra Guerra. "Uma nova realidade do mercado de gás natural : modelo e os processos." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3723.
Full textO Gás Natural, como utility que é, constitui uma fonte energética fundamental no panorama energético de qualquer país. Nos últimos anos, o mercado de GN tem vindo a sofrer algumas alterações significativas a nível estrutural, nomeadamente, através da imposição da Directiva Comunitária da União Europeia 98/30/CE, de 2 de Junho de 2008. A referida Directiva estabeleceu regras quanto à liberalização do Mercado. O documento irá centrar a sua análise no conjunto de acções que foram necessárias desenvolver para que o referido processo de liberalização fosse uma realidade. Tornou-se assim necessário, que as empresas reorganizassem os seus processos e modo de actuação para poderem responder a uma nova realidade de mercado. Um dos processos que irá ser objecto de análise é o processo de Unbundling. O intuito deste documento é o de analisar as medidas e as alterações que foram necessárias para a implementação da liberalização. Deste modo, será efectuada uma análise dos decretos e das suas implicações práticas, os timings de implementação da liberalização e as diferenças entre os diversos países. Uma das alterações fundamentais introduzidas por este processo e que será analisada em detalhe, é a possibilidade de escolha livre dos fornecedores por parte dos consumidores. Pretende-se analisar o perfil dos consumidores, medir a sua sensibilidade ao preço e as suas oscilações entre comercializadoras/fornecedores, assim como outros indicadores que motivam a sua mudança. Considero ainda ser importante efectuar uma análise de "Michael Porter" sobre as forças competitivas da indústria do Gás Natural, de modo a analisar a indústria relativamente aos concorrentes, clientes, fornecedores, ameaça de entrada de novos concorrentes e a possibilidade de surgimento de produtos substitutos. Finalmente, irei efectuar uma reflexão sobre a possibilidade de as empresas que operam no mercado necessitarem de alterar o seu modelo estratégico e diversificar o seu negócio.
Natural Gas is a very important source of energy, in the energy landscape of any country. In recent years the market for natural gas has undergone some significant changes at the structural level, notably through the imposition of the EU Directive 98/30/EC of the European Union, of June 2, 2008. This Directive lays down rules concerning the liberalization of the natural gas market. The paper will focus its analysis on the set of actions that were necessary to develop the aforementioned process of liberalization has become a reality. It has thus become necessary for companies to reorganize their processes and mode of action, in order to respond to a new market reality. One of the processes that will be analyzed in this paper is the unbundling process. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes and measures that were necessary for implementing liberalization policies. Therefore, will be analyzed the legislation implementation and it's practical effects, the timings of liberalized market implementation and differences between countries. One of the major changes that will be discussed in detail, it is intended with the fact that with market liberalization it became possible to consumers to freely choose their supplier. It is intended to analyze the consumers' profile, measuring their price sensitivity and its fluctuations between traders/ suppliers, as well as, other indicators that motivate their change. I also believe it is important to do a review of Michael Porter competitive forces of the natural gas industry, in order to analyze that industry with regard to: competitors, customers, suppliers, threat of new competitors and the possible emergence of substitute products. Finally, I will make a reflection on the possibility of companies operating in this market need to change their strategic model and probably diversify their business.
Dias, Tarli Vitor. "Taxonomie, phylogéographie et distribution du genre Monastria Saussure 1864 (Insectes, Blattodea) dans la forêt atlantique brésilienne." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0004/document.
Full textThe Brazilian Atlantic forest is one of the biodiversity hotspots with the richest species diversity and threat. It is located along the Brazilian Atlantic coast going south til Paraguay and Argentina in the interior of the continent. Due to its longitudinal and altitudinal gradients, complex geology and diversity of soils it harbors an enormous diversity of landscapes and ecosystems that gave rise to its rich biodiversity. However, this biodiversity is extremely threatened because this region is the one with the highest population size and density in south America. So, the Atlantic forest is now limited to less than 5% of its original surface and distributed in scattered fragments. Despite the recognized species richness, much remains to be known about several components of this biodiversity and their origin. Among the groups still poorly known are the insects. In order to contribute to bridge this gap, in this thesis I studied one genus of cockroach endemic from the Atlantic forest, Monastria Saussure, 1864 (Blaberidae, Blaberinae). I focused on the taxonomy, phylogeography and on the contribution of the data existing in natural history collections to model the distribution range. The study of the taxonomy consisted in the revision of the genus with the re-description of already known species and description of new ones. Since the known species were described very early, the description (and re-description) comprised the definition of new characters, and consideration paid to genitalia. In addition to that, old nomenclatural problems were solved, a key to species’ identification was provided, a key to the identification of nymphs of the genera of Blaberinae endemic to the Atlantic forest were provided. The second study was aimed to understand the diversification and distribution of the genus Monastria in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This analysis indicates the importance of differential impacts of shifts in temperature between the Southern and Northeastern part of the Atlantic forest in the Last Glacial Maximum for explaining the present pattern of distribution. The third study is an evaluation of the data concerning Monastria available in Natural History Collections for estimating its distribution range based on Ecological Niche Models (ENM), and using the data from the field work designed to assess the presence of Monastria to validate the results. Here we showed that the dataset is biased in the environmental space. This oversampling in a climate class leads to models with suitable areas much smaller than that of the real distribution of Monastria. These biases increase model’s specificity and reduced sensitivity. To overcome this problem, we designed two forms of rarefaction and showed deleting points at random in the most biased climate class is very powerful to increase the sensitivity of the ENM
DE, VRIES MARTE. "Speeding Up Social Entrepreneurship: Improving the Sustainability of the Accelerator Program." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239929.
Full textAndrade, Vagner Roberto Araújo de. "Efeitos da diversificação no valor das empresas do mercado de telecomunicações: teste do modelo de Berger e Ofek." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-30092003-163857/.
Full textDuring the 1950s and ´60s many US corporations undertook massive diversification programs. This process reached its climax with the merger wave of the late 1960s and the accompanying rise to prominence of huge conglomerate firms. In the last 15 years the trends has reversed, with studies by COMMENT and JARREL (1994), BERGER and OFEK (1995) and LIEBESK and OPLER (1993) documenting a return to specialization. This push toward focus apparently resulted from the view that unrelated diversification decreases firm value. Theoretical arguments suggest that diversification has both value-enhancing and value-reducing effects. The potential benefits of operating different lines of business within one firm include greater operating efficiency, less incentive to forego positive net present value projects, greater debt capacity, and lower taxes. The potential costs of diversification include the use of increased discretionary resources to undertake value-decreasing investments, cross subsidies that allow poor segments to drain resources from better-performing segments, and misalignment of incentives between central and divisional managers. There is no clear prediction about the overall value effect of diversification. In this study, it was used segment-level data to estimate the valuation effect of diversification on US Telecom companies. It was compared the sum of imputed stand-alone values of the segments of diversified companies to the actual values of those companies. It was documented that diversified firms have values that average, during 1990-99, 0,3% to 6,4% above the sum of the imputed values of their segments. Chapter 1 describes the main goal of this study and its genesis. Chapter 2 reviews the related literature and details the predicting resulting from prior theoretical work. Chapter 3 describes the sample and explains the empirical approach. Chapter 4 assesses the overall value effect of diversification using imputed segment values and a comparison of profitability between diversified and single-segment firms. Finally, Chapter 5 describes the final considerations about the diversifications effect on firm value.
Karpf, Léa. "Systematic Study of OX40 Ligand Context-Dependent Function on Human T Helper Cell Polarization A Quantitative Multivariate Model of Human Dendritic Cell-T Helper Cell Communication TH Cell Diversity and Response to Dupilumab in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis Inborn Errors of Type I IFN Immunity in Patients With Life-Threatening COVID-19 Quantitative Modeling of OX40 Ligand Context-Dependent Function on Human T Helper Cell SARS-CoV-2 Induces Activation and Diversification of Human Plasmacytoid Pre-Dendritic Cells." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL044.
Full textAdaptive immunity is mainly orchestrated by CD4 T helper cells. They have the ability to polarize in several subsets, each associated to a suitable phenotype for the encounter pathogen. T helper cell activation can be regulated by co-stimulator, such as OX40 Ligand, or co-inhibitor immune checkpoint molecules. These molecules have been studied individually, in specific conditions. However, context-dependency may explain large parts of the functional variability of biological molecules on a given output. Currently, there is no framework to analyze and quantify context-dependency of a molecule over multiple contexts and response outputs. My PhD project focused on OX40L function on T helper cell polarization, in 4 molecular and 11 cellular contexts. We measured 17 T helper cytokines and developed a statistical modeling strategy to quantify OX40L context-dependency on these cytokines. This revealed highly variable qualitative and quantitative context-dependency scores, depending on the output cytokine and context type. Among molecular contexts, Th2 was the most influential on OX40L function. Among cellular contexts, dendritic cell type rather than activating stimulus was dominant in controlling OX40L contextdependency. My thesis work unveils the complex determinants of OX40L function, provides a unique framework to quantify the context-dependent functional variability of any biomolecule, and supports that context-dependency should be more taken into consideration in future studies
Castro, Carlos. "Essays in dependence and optimality in large portfolios." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210186.
Full textmodeling and estimating the dependence structure for a large portfolio of assets using rating data.
In both chapters a natural form of organizing a portfolio in terms of the levels of exposure to economic sectors and geographical regions, plays a key role in setting up the dependence structure.
The last chapter investigates weather financial strategies that exploit sector or geographical heterogeneity in the asset space are relevant in terms of portfolio optimization. This is also done in a context of a large portfolio but with data on stock returns.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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