Journal articles on the topic 'Diverse vocabularies'
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Jaiswal, Pankaj, Shulamit Avraham, Katica Ilic, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Susan McCouch, Anuradha Pujar, Leonore Reiser, et al. "Plant Ontology (PO): a Controlled Vocabulary of Plant Structures and Growth Stages." Comparative and Functional Genomics 6, no. 7-8 (2005): 388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cfg.496.
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The Plant Ontology Consortium (POC) (www.plantontology.org) is a collaborative effort among several plant databases and experts in plant systematics, botany and genomics. A primary goal of the POC is to develop simple yet robust and extensible controlled vocabularies that accurately reflect the biology of plant structures and developmental stages. These provide a network of vocabularies linked by relationships (ontology) to facilitate queries that cut across datasets within a database or between multiple databases. The current version of the ontology integrates diverse vocabularies used to describeArabidopsis, maize and rice (Oryzasp.) anatomy, morphology and growth stages. Using the ontology browser, over 3500 gene annotations from three species-specific databases, The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) forArabidopsis, Gramene for rice and MaizeGDB for maize, can now be queried and retrieved.
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Siegel, Craig. "Materials and Media in Art Therapy: Critical Understandings of Diverse Artistic Vocabularies." Art Therapy 28, no. 3 (September 2011): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2011.600223.
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Ovezmyradov, Guvanch, Qianhao Lu, and Martin C. Göpfert. "Mining Gene Ontology Data with AGENDA." Bioinformatics and Biology Insights 6 (January 2012): BBI.S9101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bbi.s9101.
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The Gene Ontology (GO) initiative is a collaborative effort that uses controlled vocabularies for annotating genetic information. We here present AGENDA (Application for mining Gene Ontology Data), a novel web-based tool for accessing the GO database. AGENDA allows the user to simultaneously retrieve and compare gene lists linked to different GO terms in diverse species using batch queries, facilitating comparative approaches to genetic information. The web-based application offers diverse search options and allows the user to bookmark, visualize, and download the results. AGENDA is an open source web-based application that is freely available for non-commercial use at the project homepage. URL: http://sourceforge.net/projects/bioagenda .
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Arslan, Cihangir, and Burhan Mustafa Tanis. "Building English Vocabulary Schema Retention Using Review Value Calculation for ESL Students." Research in Social Sciences and Technology 3, no. 3 (October 10, 2018): 116–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/ressat.03.03.7.
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Vocabularies, the core of any language, is probably the most challenging and time-consuming part of learning a foreign language in a diverse and disperse community of learners. This study proposes an approach that can help a learner build up his/her English vocabulary volume by intensive article reading, inclusion of Google Cloud Natural Language API, Glosbe Dictionary API and the use of computing technology, the review value calculation. The review value calculation was able to determine the number of days where the new words should be reviewed and be part of the long-term memory. Result shows that students were able to increase their vocabulary acquisition skills by applying technology and computing to their study routines. Students were able to retain words fast and understand better, by employing an interactive monitoring process. If the system will be implemented carefully, it will hypothetically produce a faster technique in acquiring new vocabularies for foreign students.
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Snedeker, Jesse, Joy Geren, and Carissa L. Shafto. "Starting Over." Psychological Science 18, no. 1 (January 2007): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01852.x.
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Language development is characterized by predictable shifts in the words children produce and the complexity of their utterances. Because acquisition typically occurs simultaneously with maturation and cognitive development, it is difficult to determine the causes of these shifts. We explored how acquisition proceeds in the absence of possible cognitive or maturational roadblocks, by examining the acquisition of English in internationally adopted preschoolers. Like infants, and unlike other second-language learners, these children acquire language from child-directed speech, without access to bilingual informants. Parental reports and speech samples were collected from 27 preschoolers, 3 to 18 months after they were adopted from China. These children showed the same developmental patterns in language production as monolingual infants (matched for vocabulary size). Early on, their vocabularies were dominated by nouns, their utterances were short, and grammatical morphemes were generally omitted. Children at later stages had more diverse vocabularies and produced longer utterances with more grammatical morphemes.
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Park, Eun Jung. "Representative Emotions Felt Regarding Traditional Korean Ceramic Tableware." Korean Institute of Smart Media 11, no. 8 (September 30, 2022): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30693/smj.2022.11.8.47.
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It is necessary to discover Korea’s diverse traditional culture and publicize it to the world to continue the Korean Wave and develop it in a more positive direction. The present study proposes methods for publicizing little-known ‘traditional Korean ceramic tableware’ by focusing on Hansik, which is the most frequently published in the British Oxford Dictionary among Korean traditional cultures and can best represent Korean food. To this end, the present study measured cultural recipients’ emotions regarding traditional Korean ceramic tableware to derive the ‘representative emotions felt regarding traditional Korean ceramic tableware’ as a method to reflect it in the design. First, the Delphi Technique was carried out based on 182 emotional vocabulary items collected from existing studies to create 33 groups of emotional vocabularies with similar concepts. In addition, among the emotional vocabularies included in each of the 33 groups, those of overlapping concepts were regrouped based on the characteristics of traditional Korean ceramic tableware, and the most appropriate emotional vocabularies were extracted and reduced to 75. A survey was carried out with 135 cultural recipients experienced with traditional Korean ceramic tableware to derive 32 representative emotions felt regarding traditional Korean ceramic tableware. Finally, from the results of a factor analysis of 32 representative emotions, this study classified vocabulary into six emotion categories including ‘aesthetic, pleasure, freshness, ownership, satisfaction, and comfort’. The six emotion categories and 32 representative emotions derived from this study’s results can be utilized to measure emotional levels felt by cultural recipients while using traditional Korean ceramic tableware.
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Winer, Dov. "Judaica Europeana: An Infrastructure for Aggregating Jewish Content." Judaica Librarianship 18, no. 1 (June 13, 2014): 88–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14263/2330-2976.1027.
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Judaica Europeana envisions a world in which all digitized Jewish content in a variety of databases worldwide is aggregated and made accessible to users and applications anywhere, at any time. It seeks to set the ground so such content is cross-linked to conceptual structures (vocabularies, encyclopedias) that enrich them and provide contextual significance. Judaica Europeana is part of a cluster of projects building Europeana, a Linked Data infrastructure initiative of the European Commission. Judaica Europeana involves now some thirty-five partners from Europe, America and Israel, among them some of the most important Jewish content holders running long term digitization programs. It aggregated more than five million digital cultural objects and is continuing to process more. The data model (EDM) for describing these contents is that adopted by both leading world initiatives, Europeana and the Digital Public Library of America. The basic approach enabling EDM and based on the application of protocols and standards like RDF and Linked Data is surveyed and some actual examples of their current applications provided. The critical role of vocabularies for conceptual integration and access to contents is reviewed. A work program is outlined for the use of such vocabularies (thesauri, taxonomies, encyclopedias, etc.) to enrich the digitized content, interlink its diverse manifestations, and provide context and meaning. A first substantial achievement in carrying out such program is the publication of the YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe as Linked Data. Two main challenges facing the domain in the near future are detailed: (1) How to expand the availability, reaching a critical mass, of Jewish related vocabularies supporting queries like Who? What? When? Where? and expressed in the Linked Data/SKOS formats. (2) How the solid bases of such infrastructure so established may have an enabling effect in the development of new services: sophisticated offerings to the patrons of websites/portals, advanced K-12 ICT-based education, mobile cultural tourism applications, e-books, digital narratives storytelling, digital humanities scholarship, virtual research environments, MOOCs.
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Talukder, Barnali. "Matijaner Meyera in Translation: Cultural Identity Construction Through Untranslatability of Language." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.6p.36.
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The concepts of language and cultural identity of a speaker are entwined as they complement each other. However, translation poses a challenge to the identity language predominantly constructs. Therefore, translatable elements of language get the stage of universality while the untranslatable-s essentially bring forth the culture they are descended from. In this study, a short story collection from Bangladesh, Matijaner Meyera, where there is a celebration of diverse branches of Bengali language, has been brought to light to show how untranslatability of a number of culture-oriented vocabularies vibrantly tells about Bengali culture. The primary resource includes a lot many culture-oriented vocabularies as well as few phrases that English, as a language, cannot accommodate in it. Inability of other languages to penetrate such culture-rooted belongings of Bengali language showcases the power a language retains to protect itself from any invading force. This study has argued in favor of the untranslatable base of Bengali that English, due to cultural distance, cannot embrace linguistically. Therefore, such cultural difference eventually develops a distinct linguistic identity of Bengali through untranslatability that this study has attempted to divulge.
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Becker, Pablo, Guido Tebes, Denis Peppino, and Luis Olsina. "Applying an Improving Strategy that embeds Functional and Non-Functional Requirements Concepts." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 19, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/16666038.19.e15.
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Organizations should set and reach business goals for varied purposes using the suitable strategies. Basically, a strategy specifies the activities, methods and another related resources that should be considered in order to achieve a given goal purpose. Goal purposes and their associated strategies can aim at evaluating, testing, developing, or maintaining some entity. Some concrete evaluation purposes such as to understand or monitor can be achieved by strategies embracing non-functional requirements definition, measurement, evaluation and analysis activities. Other specific evaluation purposes such as to improve or control also imply changing the target entity; therefore, strategies should embrace functional requirements definition activities as well. Moreover, specific development and maintenance purposes always involve functional requirements. In this work, we relate business and information need goals with functional and non- functional requirements concepts, which are paramount for well-defined strategies. Therefore, we specify vocabularies for them, and illustrate the applicability of an improving strategy –which embeds these concepts- in the context of a running example. Having well-structured vocabularies serving as common ground for diverse strategies may promote a more effective operationalization of projects dealing with evaluation, testing, development and maintenance goal purposes.
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Clarke, Rachel Ivy, and Sayward Schoonmaker. "Metadata for diversity." Journal of Documentation 76, no. 1 (September 6, 2019): 173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-01-2019-0003.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate what metadata elements for access points currently exist to represent diverse library reading materials, either in libraries or from external sources, as well as what metadata elements for access points are currently not present but are necessary to represent diverse library reading materials. Design/methodology/approach A field scan of thirteen contemporary metadata schemas identified elements that might serve as potential access points regarding the diversity status of resource creators as well as topical or thematic content. Elements were semantically mapped using a metadata crosswalk to understand the intellectual and conceptual space of the elements. Element definitions and application of controlled vocabularies were also examined where possible to offer an additional context. Findings Metadata elements describing gender, occupation, geographic region, audience and age currently exist in many schemas and could potentially be used to offer access to diverse library materials. However, metadata elements necessary to represent racial, ethnic, national and cultural identity are currently not present in specific forms necessary for enabling resource access and collection assessment. The lack of distinct elements contributes to the implicit erasure of marginalized identities. Originality/value The search for metadata describing diversity is a first step toward enabling more systematic access to diverse library materials. The need for systematic description of diversity to make visible and promote diverse materials is highlighted in this paper. Though the subject of this paper is library organization systems and, for clarity, uses terms specific to the library profession, the issues present are relevant to all information professionals and knowledge organization systems.
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Shiva Zaheri Birgani and Mahnaz Soqandi. "Wittgenstein’s Concept of Language Games." Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal 2, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biolae.v2i2.280.
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Austrian British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein is one of the greatest philosophers in the 20th century. He mostly works in analytic philosophical thought in topics as diverse as logic and language, perception and intention, ethic and religion, aesthetic and culture. Philosophers often create their own vocabularies by giving special meanings to ordinary terms and phrases. Wittgenstein coinages the term of “language games” and the ‘private language argument”. His argument on the language is the rules of the use of ordinary language is neither right nor wrong, neither true nor false, the language is merely useful for the particular applications in which they are applied . Language is defined not as a system of representation but as a system of devices for engaging in various sorts of social activity, hence ‘the meaning of the word is its use in the language.
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Maslan, Maslan, Yana Setiono, and Faizal Alfazri. "Pengembangan Smart Application Translation Aneka Bahasa Sulawesi Berbasis Android." Jurnal Nasional Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi 2, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/teknosi.v2i1.2016.55-64.
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The Indonesian people have diverse tribes. Similarly, the regional language that is widespread in Indonesia, each of the tribes in Indonesia have different languages included in South Sulawesi. The number of local and foreign travelers to visit tourist attractions in the city, so that will indirectly communicate with the locals at the time of tourist visits. This research aims to develop smart applications translators Indonesian to Sulawesi region based on Android. This application can translate the three regional languages, namely the language Konjo, makasar and Bugis. The method used is research development by using the Linear Sequential Model. Applications can run well and have gone through the testing phase by inserting a vocabulary of 100 vocabularies for each language area. So that these applications can be used by people in Indonesia who can get through the Google Play Store
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Gusmian, Islah. "BAHASA DAN AKSARA DALAM PENULISAN TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN DI INDONESIA ERA AWAL ABAD 20 M." MUTAWATIR 5, no. 2 (September 28, 2016): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/mutawatir.2015.5.2.223-247.
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Language and script in the writing of Qura’nic tafsir in Indonesia is not only used for communication tools, but it is also being a part of social and cultural cognition. This article investigates the relational and diverse interest in the practical life of Qur’anic interpretation. The local practice of Javanese script (pegon) for example, is commonly used by the community of pesantren and it is widely read by its students (santri). The practice of Cacarakan is also vastly used in the local context that is relevant to the social tradition of palace (keraton) community. On the other hand, the usage of Pegon, Bugis and Cacarakan in the writing of Qur’anic interpretation has experienced various difficulties, primarily in the issue of transforming Arabic vocabularies that however the scriptural features is not really applicable to the local features of Nusantara scripts.
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Dasgupta, Shreyashi, and Noura Wahby. "Beyond a standardised urban lexicon: which vocabulary matters?" International Development Planning Review: Volume 43, Issue 4 43, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2021.10.
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Urban vocabulary has been influenced by global patterns of modernity, capitalism and anglophone academia. These lexicons are increasingly standardised and shape dominant conceptual approaches in city debates. However, contemporary urban theories indicate a shift toward understanding the ‘urban’ and ‘cities’ from multiple perspectives. An emerging urban vocabulary is being built to capture the significance of place, complex power dynamics and changing geographical landscapes. This special issue presents diverse perspectives on how urban lexicons can be decentred from anglophone thought, operate as organising urban logics, serve larger political projects, and shape and are reshaped by grounded urban practice. Articles from the Middle East and South Asia discuss the margins of vocabulary and how vocabularies located in the global South enable us to think through dilemmas of knowledge production. We contribute to debates on decolonising power and authority in urban thought by expanding on how to theorise from the South.
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Guaglianone, Maria Teresa, Giovanna Aracri, and Elisabetta Oliveri. "The INNOVance Lexicon: Organisation of terms and concepts about construction products." Journal of Information Science 44, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551516682446.
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The construction sector is also a knowledge-intensive domain, in which effective and unambiguous communication and knowledge sharing are, at the same time, both essential yet difficult to accomplish. This is primarily due to the several professionals interacting and facing situations involving diverse resources, processes and activities. Each of them brings a different background and perspective, often generating poorly integrated information. Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs) are crucial for ensuring completeness, consistency and quality of information. Despite the international trend to encourage the development and use of controlled vocabularies, especially classification systems, until recently in Italy the national coordination policy has not been effective enough. This article describes the first national attempt made, the INNOVance Lexicon that collects and organises knowledge about construction products. It combines taxonomic, terminological and semantic aspects of knowledge and it is a reference language to support information exchange and sharing in collaborative context.
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Son, Jiseong, Chul-Su Lim, Hyoung-Seop Shim, and Ji-Sun Kang. "Development of Knowledge Graph for Data Management Related to Flooding Disasters Using Open Data." Future Internet 13, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13050124.
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Despite the development of various technologies and systems using artificial intelligence (AI) to solve problems related to disasters, difficult challenges are still being encountered. Data are the foundation to solving diverse disaster problems using AI, big data analysis, and so on. Therefore, we must focus on these various data. Disaster data depend on the domain by disaster type and include heterogeneous data and lack interoperability. In particular, in the case of open data related to disasters, there are several issues, where the source and format of data are different because various data are collected by different organizations. Moreover, the vocabularies used for each domain are inconsistent. This study proposes a knowledge graph to resolve the heterogeneity among various disaster data and provide interoperability among domains. Among disaster domains, we describe the knowledge graph for flooding disasters using Korean open datasets and cross-domain knowledge graphs. Furthermore, the proposed knowledge graph is used to assist, solve, and manage disaster problems.
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Alexiou, Giorgos, Marios Meimaris, George Papastefanatos, and Ioannis Anagnostopoulos. "LinkZoo." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 16, no. 3 (July 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.2020070101.
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This article presents LinkZoo, a web-based, linked data enabled tool that supports collaborative management of information resources. LinkZoo addresses the modern needs of information-intensive collaboration environments to publish, manage, and share heterogeneous resources within user-driven contexts. Users create and manage diverse types of resources into common spaces such as files, web documents, people, datasets, and calendar events. They can interlink them, annotate them, and share them with other users, thus enabling collaborative editing, as well as enrich them with links to externally linked data resources. Resources are inherently modeled and published as resource description framework (RDF) and can be explicitly interlinked and dereferenced by external applications. LinkZoo supports creation of dynamic communities that enable web-based collaboration through resource sharing and annotating, exposing objects on the linked data Cloud under controlled vocabularies and permissions. The authors demonstrate the applicability of the tool on a popular collaboration use case scenario for sharing and organizing research resources.
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Ivković, Marjan, Tamara Petrović Trifunović, and Srđan Prodanović. "The Hybrid Discourse of the Serbian Antibureaucratic Revolution." Nationalities Papers 47, no. 4 (July 2019): 597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2019.40.
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AbstractThis article investigates the discursive logic of the antibureaucratic revolution through discourse analysis of three Serbian dailies: Politika, Borba, and Večernje Novosti. We conceptualize this discursive logic as a “hybrid discourse,” employed by Slobodan Milošević’s faction of the political elite and by prominent Serbian press outlets in their discussions and reporting on the diverse Serbian protest movements of the day. The core of the hybrid discourse, as our analysis demonstrates, consisted of the symbolic interweaving of different types of citizens’ discontent in order to present them as one single demand for societal “reform” that resonated with the agenda of the Serbian political elite. We argue that the hybrid discourse and the antibureaucratic revolution itself had a structural role related to the crisis of systemic legitimacy in Yugoslavia. The hybrid discourse performed the operation of what we term the “reversing of the symbolic fixing of antagonism between the ordinary actors’ discontents and the structurally inevitable reforms,” introducing instead the discursive fusion of the two vocabularies.
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KOORIA, MAHMOOD. "Languages of Law: Islamic Legal Cosmopolis and its Arabic and Malay Microcosmoi." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 29, no. 4 (September 19, 2019): 705–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186319000191.
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AbstractIn premodern monsoon Asia, the legal worlds of major and minor traditions formed a cosmopolis of laws which expanded chronologically and geographically. Without necessarily replacing one another, they all coexisted in a larger domain with fluctuating influences over time and place. In this legal cosmopolis, each tradition had its own aggregation of diverse juridical, linguistic and contextual variants. In South and Southeast Asia, Islam has accordingly formed its own cosmopolis of law by incorporating a network of different juridical texts, institutions, jurists and scholars and by the meaningful use of these variants through shared vocabularies and languages. Focusing on the Shāfiʿī School of Islamic law and its major proponents in Malay and Arabic textual productions, this article argues that the intentional choice of a lingua franca contributed to the wider reception and longer sustainability of this particular legal school. The Arabic and Malay microcosmoi thus strengthened the larger cosmopolis of Islamic law through transregional and translinguistic exchanges across legal, cultural and continental borders.
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Zaki, Anis Salem. "The Emergence and Evolution of Palestinian Nationalism." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 3, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v3i2.36.
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The study analyses \on the questions of the interrelation between religion and nationality relate to the interpretations of justice vis-a-vis the Palestinian predicament. The paper studies the 'visions of peace' and the 'visions of citizenship' articulated by groups as diverse as Peace for Human Rights. By drawing on recent scholarship which attempted to link 'peace' and 'justice' in a meaningful way, this work devises a set of dynamic criteria with which to evaluate each peace platform and its respective interpretation of justice. Challenging the modernist-secularist inclination to interpret 'nationalism' as a 'religion surrogate' or a structural analogue of religion, the underpinning theoretical point is that religion and nationalism are intricately related and thus cannot be viewed as dichotomous or antithetical. Hence, religious sources, vocabularies, institutions and leadership may function centrally in devising interpretations of culturally embedded secularity in zones of ethnonational contestations -a process which is referred to in this dissertation as the hermeneutics of citizenship. As a conclusion, a separate Palestinian nationalism took place chiefly to cater to the Zionism issue.
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Geerts, Evelien, Ladan Rahbari, Giulia Evolvi, Shiva Zarabadi, and Sara De Vuyst. "Pushing Intersectionality, Hybridity, and (Inter)Disciplinary Research on Digitality to Its Limits." Journal of Digital Social Research 4, no. 3 (July 29, 2022): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33621/jdsr.v4i3.140.
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During the past two decades or so, the emergence and ever-accelerating development of digital media have sparked scholarly interest, debates, and complex challenges across many disciplines in the social sciences and the humanities. Within this diverse scholarship, the research on digitality, gender, sexuality, and embodiment has contributed substantially to many academic fields, such as media studies, sociology, religion, philosophy, and education studies. As a part of the special issue “Gender, Sexuality, and Embodiment in Digital Spheres: Connecting Intersectionality and Digitality,” this roundtable consists of a conversation between five researchers from different (inter)disciplinary locations, all addressing matters of methodology, intersectionality, positionality, and theory in relation to the topics of gender, sexuality, and embodiment in digital spheres. Said roundtable begins with a critical self-positioning of the participants’ (inter)disciplinary and embodied locations using examples from their own research. The conversation then progresses to how these researchers have employed contemporary theories, conceptual vocabularies, methods, and analyses of gender, sexuality, and embodiment in digital spheres to then conclude with some ethico-political notes about collaborations between scholars and (digital) activists.
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Billiau, Kenny, Heike Sprenger, Christian Schudoma, Dirk Walther, and Karin I. Köhl. "Data management pipeline for plant phenotyping in a multisite project." Functional Plant Biology 39, no. 11 (2012): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp12009.
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In plant breeding, plants have to be characterised precisely, consistently and rapidly by different people at several field sites within defined time spans. For a meaningful data evaluation and statistical analysis, standardised data storage is required. Data access must be provided on a long-term basis and be independent of organisational barriers without endangering data integrity or intellectual property rights. We discuss the associated technical challenges and demonstrate adequate solutions exemplified in a data management pipeline for a project to identify markers for drought tolerance in potato. This project involves 11 groups from academia and breeding companies, 11 sites and four analytical platforms. Our data warehouse concept combines central data storage in databases and a file server and integrates existing and specialised database solutions for particular data types with new, project-specific databases. The strict use of controlled vocabularies and the application of web-access technologies proved vital to the successful data exchange between diverse institutes and data management concepts and infrastructures. By presenting our data management system and making the software available, we aim to support related phenotyping projects.
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Myers, John P., and Husam A. Zaman. "Negotiating the Global and National: Immigrant and Dominant-Culture Adolescents’ Vocabularies of Citizenship in a Transnational World." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 111, no. 11 (November 2009): 2589–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810911101102.
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Background/Context The current national debate over the purposes of civic education is largely tied to outdated notions of citizenship that overlook its changing nature under globalization. Civic education is based on a legalistic understanding of citizenship that emphasizes patriotism and the structures and functions of government. This study examined adolescents’ civic beliefs and affiliations, drawing on theories of transnational and global citizenship. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The purpose was to examine diverse adolescents’ vocabularies of citizenship, a concept that captures the tensions in their civic beliefs and affiliations. Their vocabularies were explored in terms of two topics at the intersection of national and global affiliations: universal human rights and global citizenship. The central question asked was: How do adolescents from immigrant backgrounds understand the tensions between national and global civic affiliations, and do they differ from dominant-culture adolescents’ understandings? Setting The research setting was the Pennsylvania Governor's School for International Studies, a 5-week summer program for high school students that emphasizes current scholarship and skills in international affairs, cultural studies, and foreign language. Research Design A mixed-method case study design was employed to collect detailed and rich data on the students’ beliefs about citizenship. Findings/Results The findings showed that the students from immigrant backgrounds favored universal positions and were the only students to call attention to national economic inequalities. In contrast, a majority of the dominant-culture students gave a more central role to national affiliations. However, over half of the students switched between universal and nationally oriented positions for the issues of global citizenship and human rights. It is argued that these switches represent a strong indication of the tensions in civic affiliations in light of globalization. Conclusions/Recommendations The findings presented here suggest that the question of either national- or global-oriented civic education makes little sense. This research suggests that differentiated forms of civic education are needed if all youth will have access to full citizenship and the range of civic affiliations needed in the world. Two approaches for reconceptualizing civic education are proposed: Civic education curricula should focus on the intersection of national with global issues and affiliations, and civic education should address, in addition to civic attitudes, skills, and knowledge, a conscious effort to help adolescents build flexible and multiple civic identities.
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Vempati, Uma D., Caty Chung, Chris Mader, Amar Koleti, Nakul Datar, Dušica Vidović, David Wrobel, et al. "Metadata Standard and Data Exchange Specifications to Describe, Model, and Integrate Complex and Diverse High-Throughput Screening Data from the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS)." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 19, no. 5 (February 11, 2014): 803–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057114522514.
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The National Institutes of Health Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is generating extensive multidimensional data sets, including biochemical, genome-wide transcriptional, and phenotypic cellular response signatures to a variety of small-molecule and genetic perturbations with the goal of creating a sustainable, widely applicable, and readily accessible systems biology knowledge resource. Integration and analysis of diverse LINCS data sets depend on the availability of sufficient metadata to describe the assays and screening results and on their syntactic, structural, and semantic consistency. Here we report metadata specifications for the most important molecular and cellular components and recommend them for adoption beyond the LINCS project. We focus on the minimum required information to model LINCS assays and results based on a number of use cases, and we recommend controlled terminologies and ontologies to annotate assays with syntactic consistency and semantic integrity. We also report specifications for a simple annotation format (SAF) to describe assays and screening results based on our metadata specifications with explicit controlled vocabularies. SAF specifically serves to programmatically access and exchange LINCS data as a prerequisite for a distributed information management infrastructure. We applied the metadata specifications to annotate large numbers of LINCS cell lines, proteins, and small molecules. The resources generated and presented here are freely available.
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Rousseau, David, Julie Billingham, and Javier Calvo-Amodio. "Systemic Semantics: A Systems Approach to Building Ontologies and Concept Maps." Systems 6, no. 3 (August 10, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems6030032.
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The field of systemology does not yet have a standardised terminology; there are multiple glossaries and diverse perspectives even about the meanings of fundamental terms. This situation undermines researchers’ and practitioners’ ability to communicate clearly both within and outside their own specialist communities. Our perspective is that different vocabularies can in principle be reconciled by seeking more generalised definitions that reduce, in specialised contexts, to the nuanced meaning intended in those contexts. To this end, this paper lays the groundwork for a community effort to develop an ‘Ontology of Systemology’. In particular we argue that the standard methods for ontology development can be enhanced by drawing on systems thinking principles, and show via four examples how these can be applied for both domain-specific and upper ontologies. We then use this insight to derive a systemic and systematic framework for selecting and organising the terminology of systemology. The outcome of this paper is therefore twofold: We show the value in applying a systems perspective to ontology development in any discipline, and we provide a starting outline for an Ontology of Systemology. We suggest that both outcomes could help to make systems concepts more accessible to other lines of inquiry.
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Marzan, Lisana Rahmati. "Readability Level Analysis and the Usage of Complex Words on Grade 8 Students’ Argumentative Essay." LADU: Journal of Languages and Education 2, no. 5 (July 31, 2022): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.56724/ladu.v2i5.89.
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Background: Writing as medium of communications has become the pivotal accomplishments of language learning objectives. It still becomes the challenging part especially for learners who come from non-English speaking country. Their hindrances to elaborate the sentences, lack vocabularies and use the right words in their essay make the essay difficult to understand. Purpose: Therefore, the significance of the research is to identify the readability level of student’s essay written by grade eight learners under Cambridge curriculum. Design and methods: This readability is to define which level of readers is suitable to read the text and who will understand it. Then, one of the elements in analyzing the level of readability is the number of complex words the texts. Therefore, there are about 13 students’ essays were examined using Flesh-Kincaid Ease Formula and SMOG index. Results: The result found out the they have diverse readability level in between 7th grade to college level. By these results as well, it appears the number of complex words used in their essay which then being described of what kinds of complex sentences used in their essays.
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Swart, Joëlle. "Experiencing Algorithms: How Young People Understand, Feel About, and Engage With Algorithmic News Selection on Social Media." Social Media + Society 7, no. 2 (April 2021): 205630512110088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051211008828.
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The news that young people consume is increasingly subject to algorithmic curation. Yet, while numerous studies explore how algorithms exert power in citizens’ everyday life, little is known about how young people themselves perceive, learn about, and deal with news personalization. Considering the interactions between algorithms and users from an user-centric perspective, this article explores how young people make sense of, feel about, and engage with algorithmic news curation on social media and when such everyday experiences contribute to their algorithmic literacy. Employing in-depth interviews in combination with the walk-through method and think-aloud protocols with a diverse group of 22 young people aged 16–26 years, it addresses three current methodological challenges to studying algorithmic literacy: first, the lack of an established baseline about how algorithms operate; second, the opacity of algorithms within everyday media use; and third, limitations in technological vocabularies that hinder young people in articulating their algorithmic encounters. It finds that users’ sense-making strategies of algorithms are context-specific, triggered by expectancy violations and explicit personalization cues. However, young people’s intuitive and experience-based insights into news personalization do not automatically enable young people to verbalize these, nor does having knowledge about algorithms necessarily stimulate users to intervene in algorithmic decisions.
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van Belkum, Alex, Marc Struelens, Arjan de Visser, Henri Verbrugh, and Michel Tibayrenc. "Role of Genomic Typing in Taxonomy, Evolutionary Genetics, and Microbial Epidemiology." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 14, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.14.3.547-560.2001.
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SUMMARY Currently, genetic typing of microorganisms is widely used in several major fields of microbiological research. Taxonomy, research aimed at elucidation of evolutionary dynamics or phylogenetic relationships, population genetics of microorganisms, and microbial epidemiology all rely on genetic typing data for discrimination between genotypes. Apart from being an essential component of these fundamental sciences, microbial typing clearly affects several areas of applied microbiogical research. The epidemiological investigation of outbreaks of infectious diseases and the measurement of genetic diversity in relation to relevant biological properties such as pathogenicity, drug resistance, and biodegradation capacities are obvious examples. The diversity among nucleic acid molecules provides the basic information for all fields described above. However, researchers in various disciplines tend to use different vocabularies, a wide variety of different experimental methods to monitor genetic variation, and sometimes widely differing modes of data processing and interpretation. The aim of the present review is to summarize the technological and fundamental concepts used in microbial taxonomy, evolutionary genetics, and epidemiology. Information on the nomenclature used in the different fields of research is provided, descriptions of the diverse genetic typing procedures are presented, and examples of both conceptual and technological research developments for Escherichia coli are included. Recommendations for unification of the different fields through standardization of laboratory techniques are made.
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Ahmed, Maaheen, and Shiamin Kwa. "“Kill the Monster!”: My Favorite Thing Is Monsters and the Big, Ambitious (Graphic) Novel." Genre 54, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00166928-8911485.
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In his discussion of the “big, ambitious novel,” James Wood dismisses both male and female authors but singles out Zadie Smith's White Teeth for most of his critique of what he terms “hysterical realism.” For Wood, recent long novels display too much imagination but not enough substance and depth of character; the new novel has become “a picture of life.” With its deliberate foregrounding of inhumanness and spectacularity, Emil Ferris's My Favorite Thing Is Monsters commits many of Wood's list of transgressions against the traditional novel. This article examines how Ferris's book is unaffected by negative reactions to this transgressiveness, championing transgression and ignored voices as the mode of expression best suited to the big, ambitious novel of our times. The book's heroine and purported author of the book touches readers and moves them through the monstrous form she imagines for herself. Her reproductions of comics covers and art works negotiate diverse visual vocabularies and their resulting aesthetic and historical scope. In filtering its story through a young protagonist who is marginalized on all counts (age, class, race, sex, sexual orientation), Ferris's “big, ambitious (graphic) novel” is also a layered response against the criticisms of childishness levied against comics. Transgression in My Favorite Thing Is Monsters becomes a way of rethinking tradition—of comics, of novels, and of graphic novels—in the broader terms of cultural history.
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Criado, Tomás Sánchez. "Technologies of friendship: Accessibility politics in the ‘how to’ mode." Sociological Review 67, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 408–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026119830914.
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This text is an ethnographic account of a singular, Barcelona-based activist endeavour called En torno a la silla (ETS): a do-it-yourself and open design and making collective engaging in a very peculiar form of accessibility politics beyond a ‘disability rights’ framework. In it, I entangle intimately with ETS’s relational interventions, in the form of making and documentation processes. What animates me is a political engagement with the practice of ‘re-description’, paying attention to the singularity of what relational vocabularies and practices bring to the fore. In describing the context of its appearance, as well as several of the collective’s endeavours, I address ETS’s relational register. Rather than being a clear-cut activist group with the aim of materialising the ‘inclusion’ of ‘disabled people’ through ‘technical aids’, ETS engaged in producing what they called ‘technologies of friendship’: frail and careful material explorations opening up interstitial relational spaces of ‘mutual access’ between bodily diverse people. Through circulating tutorials, poetic accounts, digitally and in workshops and presentations, ETS’s technologies of friendship became also ways of addressing how relations can be materialised and reflexively described, making available in its wake ways to re-enact them. Thus it produced an inspiring ‘how to’ accessibility politics: a material-political concern with the speculative opening up and materialisation of conditions for the very happening of relations, relating at the hinges of unrelatability.
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GÄNGER, STEFANIE, and SU LIN LEWIS. "FORUM: A WORLD OF IDEAS: NEW PATHWAYS IN GLOBAL INTELLECTUAL HISTORY,C.1880–1930." Modern Intellectual History 10, no. 2 (July 11, 2013): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244313000048.
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This forum explores new directions in global intellectual history, engaging with the methodologies of global and transnational history to move beyond conventional territorial boundaries and master narratives. The papers focus on the period between the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth, an era in which the growth of cities, burgeoning print cultures and new transport and communications technology enabled the accelerated circulation and exchange of ideas throughout the globe. The proliferation of conferences, world fairs, and international congresses, the growing professionalization and definition of academic disciplines, and the enhanced circulation of scholarly journals and correspondence enabled intellectuals around the world to converse in shared vocabularies. Much of the scholarship on early twentieth-century intellectual history in the non-Western world has been viewed through the binary relationships of metropole and colony, or as nationalist reactions to colonial domination. This cluster widens the framework to consider the way in which intellectuals formed scholarly networks and gathered multiple influences to articulate new visions of community and society within a wider world of ideas. The multiplicity of imperial and transnational pathways allowed not only for “centers of calculation” in colonial metropoles, but also for points of convergence and encounter outside Europe. As these papers show, the routes by which ideas travelled brought forth a global republic of letters, composed of diverse “centers” for the collection and production of knowledge by intellectuals operating in different parts of the world.
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Abreu, Paula D., Rubia L. P. Andrade, Israel L. S. Maza, Mariana G. B. F. Faria, Ana B. M. Valença, Ednaldo C. Araújo, Pedro F. Palha, et al. "Support for Mothers, Fathers, or Guardians of Transgender Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review on the Dynamics of Secondary Social Networks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 8652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148652.
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Mothers’, fathers’, or guardians’ support for disclosures of diverse gender identity has significant relationships with decreased suicidality for transgender children and adolescents. They play an essential role in facing transphobia, protecting trans children, and strengthening the expression of their identity. These guardians need structural, emotional, and informative support; they need to be prepared to recognize and manage of their own feelings, as well as deal with the challenges that come with new social contexts of transphobia in schools, health institutions, and other community spaces. This study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on the dynamics of secondary social networks to support mothers, fathers, or guardians of transgender children and adolescents. This is a systematic review of qualitative studies, guided by PRISMA guidelines. Controlled and free vocabularies were used to survey the primary studies in the following databases: EMBASE; Scopus; MEDLINE; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL); PsycInfo; Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS); and Web of Science. A total of 28 articles made up the final sample of this review. Secondary social networks were described as fragile, characterized by conflicting and broken ties with healthcare services and professionals, isolation and unpreparedness from schools, and emotional and informational support from peer groups and some qualified healthcare professionals. The literature shows the potential of the dynamics of secondary social support networks; however, it presented the unpreparedness of professionals and institutional policies for welcoming transgender children and adolescents and their families, with the peer group being the main emotional and informative support network.
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Brandt, C. A., and P. M. Nadkarni. "The Common Data Elements for Cancer Research: Remarks on Functions and Structure." Methods of Information in Medicine 45, no. 06 (2006): 594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634121.
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Summary Objectives: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has developed the Common Data Elements (CDE) to serve as a controlled vocabulary of data descriptors for cancer research, to facilitate data interchange and inter-oper-ability between cancer research centers. We evaluated CDE’s structure to see whether it could represent the elements necessary to support its intended purpose, and whether it could prevent errors and inconsistencies from being accidentally introduced. We also performed automated checks for certain types of content errors that provided a rough measure of curation quality. Methods: Evaluation was performed on CDE content downloaded via the NCI’s CDE Browser, and transformed into relational database form. Evaluation was performed under three categories: 1) compatibility with the ISO/IEC 11179 metadata model, on which CDE structure is based, 2) features necessary for controlled vocabulary support, and 3) support for a stated NCI goal, set up of data collection forms for cancer research. Results: Various limitations were identified both with respect to content (inconsistency, insufficient definition of elements, redundancy) as well as structure – particularly the need for term and relationship support, as well as the need for metadata supporting the explicit representation of electronic forms that utilize sets of common data elements. Conclusions: While there are numerous positive aspects to the CDE effort, there is considerable opportunity for improvement. Our recommendations include review of existing content by diverse experts in the cancer community; integration with the NCI thesaurus to take advantage of the latter’s links to nationally used controlled vocabularies, and various schema enhancements required for electronic form support.
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Koleck, Theresa A., Caitlin Dreisbach, Philip E. Bourne, and Suzanne Bakken. "Natural language processing of symptoms documented in free-text narratives of electronic health records: a systematic review." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 4 (February 6, 2019): 364–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy173.
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Abstract Objective Natural language processing (NLP) of symptoms from electronic health records (EHRs) could contribute to the advancement of symptom science. We aim to synthesize the literature on the use of NLP to process or analyze symptom information documented in EHR free-text narratives. Materials and Methods Our search of 1964 records from PubMed and EMBASE was narrowed to 27 eligible articles. Data related to the purpose, free-text corpus, patients, symptoms, NLP methodology, evaluation metrics, and quality indicators were extracted for each study. Results Symptom-related information was presented as a primary outcome in 14 studies. EHR narratives represented various inpatient and outpatient clinical specialties, with general, cardiology, and mental health occurring most frequently. Studies encompassed a wide variety of symptoms, including shortness of breath, pain, nausea, dizziness, disturbed sleep, constipation, and depressed mood. NLP approaches included previously developed NLP tools, classification methods, and manually curated rule-based processing. Only one-third (n = 9) of studies reported patient demographic characteristics. Discussion NLP is used to extract information from EHR free-text narratives written by a variety of healthcare providers on an expansive range of symptoms across diverse clinical specialties. The current focus of this field is on the development of methods to extract symptom information and the use of symptom information for disease classification tasks rather than the examination of symptoms themselves. Conclusion Future NLP studies should concentrate on the investigation of symptoms and symptom documentation in EHR free-text narratives. Efforts should be undertaken to examine patient characteristics and make symptom-related NLP algorithms or pipelines and vocabularies openly available.
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Konecky, Bronwen L., Nicholas P. McKay, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Laia Comas-Bru, Emilie P. Dassié, Kristine L. DeLong, Georgina M. Falster, et al. "The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-<i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O and <i>δ</i><sup>2</sup>H records to aid understanding of Common Era climate." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 3 (September 23, 2020): 2261–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020.
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Abstract. Reconstructions of global hydroclimate during the Common Era (CE; the past ∼2000 years) are important for providing context for current and future global environmental change. Stable isotope ratios in water are quantitative indicators of hydroclimate on regional to global scales, and these signals are encoded in a wide range of natural geologic archives. Here we present the Iso2k database, a global compilation of previously published datasets from a variety of natural archives that record the stable oxygen (δ18O) or hydrogen (δ2H) isotopic compositions of environmental waters, which reflect hydroclimate changes over the CE. The Iso2k database contains 759 isotope records from the terrestrial and marine realms, including glacier and ground ice (210); speleothems (68); corals, sclerosponges, and mollusks (143); wood (81); lake sediments and other terrestrial sediments (e.g., loess) (158); and marine sediments (99). Individual datasets have temporal resolutions ranging from sub-annual to centennial and include chronological data where available. A fundamental feature of the database is its comprehensive metadata, which will assist both experts and nonexperts in the interpretation of each record and in data synthesis. Key metadata fields have standardized vocabularies to facilitate comparisons across diverse archives and with climate-model-simulated fields. This is the first global-scale collection of water isotope proxy records from multiple types of geological and biological archives. It is suitable for evaluating hydroclimate processes through time and space using large-scale synthesis, model–data intercomparison and (paleo)data assimilation. The Iso2k database is available for download at https://doi.org/10.25921/57j8-vs18 (Konecky and McKay, 2020) and is also accessible via the NOAA/WDS Paleo Data landing page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/29593 (last access: 30 July 2020).
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Canning, Erin, Susan Brown, Sarah Roger, and Kimberley Martin. "The Power to Structure." KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies 6, no. 3 (July 27, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/kula.169.
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Information systems are developed by people with intent—they are designed to help creators and users tell specific stories with data. Within information systems, the often invisible structures of metadata profoundly impact the meaning that can be derived from that data. The Linked Infrastructure for Networked Cultural Scholarship project (LINCS) helps humanities researchers tell stories by using linked open data to convert humanities datasets into organized, interconnected, machine-processable resources. LINCS provides context for online cultural materials, interlinks them, andgrounds them in sources to improve web resources for research. This article describes how the LINCS team is using the shared standards of linked data and especially ontologies—typically unseen yet powerful—to bring meaning mindfully to metadata through structure. The LINCS metadata—comprised of linked open data about cultural artifacts, people, and processes—and the structures that support it must represent multiple, diverse ways of knowing. It needs to enable various means of incorporating contextual data and of telling stories with nuance and context, situated and supported by data structures that reflect and make space for specificities and complexities. As it addresses specificity in each research dataset, LINCS is simultaneously working to balance interoperability, as achieved through a level of generalization, with contextual and domain-specific requirements. The LINCS team’s approach to ontology adoption and use centers on intersectionality, multiplicity, and difference. The question of what meaning the structures being used will bring to the data is as important as what meaning is introduced as a result of linking data together, and the project has built this premise into its decision-making and implementation processes. To convey an understanding of categories and classification as contextually embedded—culturally produced, intersecting, and discursive—the LINCS team frames them not as fixed but as grounds for investigation and starting points for understanding. Metadata structures are as important as vocabularies for producing such meaning.
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Sathappan, Selva Muthu Kumaran, Young Seok Jeon, Trung Kien Dang, Su Chi Lim, Yi-Ming Shao, E. Shyong Tai, and Mengling Feng. "Transformation of Electronic Health Records and Questionnaire Data to OMOP CDM: A Feasibility Study Using SG_T2DM Dataset." Applied Clinical Informatics 12, no. 04 (August 2021): 757–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1732301.
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Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important public health concern in Singapore and places a massive burden on health care spending. Tackling chronic diseases such as DM requires innovative strategies to integrate patients' data from diverse sources and use scientific discovery to inform clinical practice that can help better manage the disease. The Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM) was chosen as the framework for integrating data with disparate formats. Objective The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of converting Singapore based data source, comprising of electronic health records (EHR), cognitive and depression assessment questionnaire data to OMOP CDM standard. Additionally, we also validate whether our OMOP CDM instance is fit for the purpose of research by executing a simple treatment pathways study using Atlas, a graphical user interface tool to conduct analysis on OMOP CDM data as a proof of concept. Methods We used de-identified EHR, cognitive, and depression assessment questionnaires data from a tertiary care hospital in Singapore to convert it to version 5.3.1 of OMOP CDM standard. We evaluate the OMOP CDM conversion by (1) assessing the mapping coverage (that is the percentage of source terms mapped to OMOP CDM standard); (2) local raw dataset versus CDM dataset analysis; and (3) Implementing Harmonized Intrinsic Data Quality Framework using an open-source R package called Data Quality Dashboard. Results The content coverage of OMOP CDM vocabularies is more than 90% for clinical data, but only around 11% for questionnaire data. The comparison of characteristics between source and target data returned consistent results and our transformed data did not pass 38 (1.4%) out of 2,622 quality checks. Conclusion Adoption of OMOP CDM at our site demonstrated that EHR data are feasible for standardization with minimal information loss, whereas challenges remain for standardizing cognitive and depression assessment questionnaire data that requires further work.
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de la Rasilla del Moral, Ignacio. "The Unsolved Riddle of International Constitutionalism." International Community Law Review 12, no. 1 (2010): 81–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187197410x12631788215873.
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AbstractThe extremely diverse contributions present in the volume edited by Nicholas Tsagourias, Transnational Constitutionalism: International Law and European Perspectives (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp. 377) are contextualized through an exploration of some of the different strands of international legal doctrine that have been making use of the constitutionalist vernacular in recent years. These strands include among others, the growth in European Union-related constitutionalist discourse and the emergence of a transnational comparative legal realm at the cross-roads of the European and the international spheres; the historical lineage and the contemporary appeal of the constitutional vernacular in the field of international organizations; and the phenomenon of the fragmentation of international law along with the upholding, in reaction to that fragmentation, of a hierarchy of international legal norms. It also includes an examination of the emergence of alternative vocabularies that sustain a “fragmented/societal” model of constitutionalism on the basis of systems-theory as well as an examination of a constitutionalist value ridden perspective of the international legal order that, in mirroring recent developments, attempts to “restate” a classic teleologically conceived narrative of progress without yet leaving the realm of positivism. This article, which confronts “in fine” the “international community school” with its critics, does not aim to provide a complete deconstructed genealogy of each converging strand of doctrine that one might locate behind the current appeal of constitutionalist talk at the dawn of a post-hegemonic era. Yet it is hoped that it might serve as a reminder of the multifaceted factors that lie behind the contemporary renewal of the international constitutionalist arena and, thus, help to strengthen the latter’s potential as a benchmark for diagnosing the legitimacy deficit(s) of international law.
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Oklopcic, Zoran. "Introduction: The Crisis in Ukraine Between the Law, Power, and Principle." German Law Journal 16, no. 3 (July 2015): 350–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200020897.
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AbstractThis special issue ofGerman Law Journal(GLJ) originates from a colloquium co-sponsored by theGLJ, the Miller Institute for Global Challenges and the Law, and the Center for Constitutional Transitions that took place at the Berkeley School of Law in February 2015, just over a year after the revolutionary events at Maidan Square in Kiev triggered profound changes in the geopolitical map of contemporary Europe and shook the foundations of international order.Beyond the gravity of the crisis itself, what animates the contributions in the following pages is an attendant awareness of the need to rethink the appropriateness of disciplinary responses to the conflict in Ukraine. Though the rhetoric of brazen takeovers, cynical ploys, stealing and redeeming, chronic authoritarianism and imperialism, hypocrisy, and broken promises have all contributed to a combustible political situation in and around Ukraine, a diverse sense of outrage has also been subtly, but nonetheless decisively, structured and amplified by the vocabularies of international and constitutional law, moral arguments, and their complicated interplay. Though differing in their practical ambitions, technical vocabulary, and the professional sensibilities they cultivate, the disciplines of international law, comparative constitutional law, and normative political theory, have each upheld one of the most important components of the modern social imaginary: The idea of popular sovereignty.The idea that the will of the people ought to be a decisive factor in resolving the crisis in Ukraine continues to unite most commentators, partisans, and scholars, irrespective of their otherwise profound ideological and political differences. From the perspective of overarching social imaginary, the ominous geopolitical crisis in Ukraine, while dangerous in its potential outcomes, appears as a family quarrel among the believers of the constitutional creed of western political modernity. Unlike another geopolitical crisis of our time—the attempts of ISIS to redraw the map of the Middle East—the situation in Ukraine is not a conflict over theexistenceof international legal order, but rather one over themeaningof its foundational building blocks: The internal and external self-determination of peoples, territorial integrity, and the sovereign equality of independent states.
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Jim, Alice Ming Wai. "Mise en perspective chiasmique des histoires de l’art global au Canada." Article cinq 9, no. 1 (October 17, 2018): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1052630ar.
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This article offers a critical perspective on the pedagogical direction of what I call “global art histories” in Canada by addressing the apparent impasse posed by the notion of what is euphemistically called “ethnocultural art” in this country. It examines different interpretations of the latter chiefly through a survey of course titles from art history programs in Canada and a course on the subject that I teach at Concordia University in Montreal. Generally speaking, the term “ethnocultural art” refers to what is more commonly understood as “ethnic minority arts” in the ostensibly more derisive discourses on Canadian multiculturalism and cultural diversity. The addition of the term “culture” emphasizes the voluntary self-definition involved in ethnic identification and makes the distinction with “racial minorities.” “Ethnocultural communities,” along with the moniker “cultural communities” (or “culturally diverse” communities), however, is still often understood to refer to immigrants (whether recent or long-standing), members of racialized minorities, and even First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples. Not surprisingly, courses on ethnocultural art histories tend to concentrate on the cultural production of visible minorities or ethnocultural groups. However, I also see teaching the subject as an opportunity to shift the classification of art according to particular geographic areas to consider a myriad of issues in myriad of issues in the visual field predicated on local senses of belonging shaped by migration histories and “first” contacts. As such, ethnocultural art histories call attention to, but not exclusively, the art of various diasporic becomings inexorably bound to histories of settler colonialism and Indigenous sovereignty. This leads me to reflect on some aspects of Quebec’s internal dynamics concerning nationalism and ethnocultural diversity that have affected the course of ethnocultural art histories in the province. I argue that the Eurocentric hegemonic hold of ethno-nationalist discourses on art and art history can be seen with particular clarity in this context. Moreover, I suggest that these discourses have hindered not only the awareness and study of art by so-called culturally diverse communities but also efforts to offer a more global, transnational, and heterogeneous (or chiastic) sense of the histories from which this art emerges. In today’s political climate, the project that is art history, now more than ever, needs to address and engage with the reverse parallelism that chiastic perspectives on the historiography of contemporary art entail. My critique is forcefully speculative and meant to bring together different critical vocabularies in the consideration of implications of the global and ethnic turns in art and art history for the understanding of the other. I engage in an aspect less covered in the literature on the global turn in contemporary art, namely the ways in which the mutual and dialectical relation between “cultural identity,” better described as a “localized sense of belonging” (Appadurai) and the contingency of place may shape, resist, or undermine the introduction of world or global art historical approaches in specific national institutional sites. I argue a more attentive politics of engagement is required within this pedagogical rapprochement to address how histories not only of so-called non-Western art but also diasporic and Indigenous art are transferred holistically as knowledge, if the objective is to shift understandings of the other by emphasizing points of practice in art history as a field, rather than simply the cultural productions themselves. I propose the term “global art histories” as a provisional rubric that slants the study of globalism in art history to more explicitly include these kinds of located intercultural negotiations.
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Tong, Chau, Drew Margolin, Rumi Chunara, Jeff Niederdeppe, Teairah Taylor, Natalie Dunbar, and Andy J. King. "Search Term Identification Methods for Computational Health Communication: Word Embedding and Network Approach for Health Content on YouTube." JMIR Medical Informatics 10, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): e37862. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/37862.
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Background Common methods for extracting content in health communication research typically involve using a set of well-established queries, often names of medical procedures or diseases, that are often technical or rarely used in the public discussion of health topics. Although these methods produce high recall (ie, retrieve highly relevant content), they tend to overlook health messages that feature colloquial language and layperson vocabularies on social media. Given how such messages could contain misinformation or obscure content that circumvents official medical concepts, correctly identifying (and analyzing) them is crucial to the study of user-generated health content on social media platforms. Objective Health communication scholars would benefit from a retrieval process that goes beyond the use of standard terminologies as search queries. Motivated by this, this study aims to put forward a search term identification method to improve the retrieval of user-generated health content on social media. We focused on cancer screening tests as a subject and YouTube as a platform case study. Methods We retrieved YouTube videos using cancer screening procedures (colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test, mammogram, and pap test) as seed queries. We then trained word embedding models using text features from these videos to identify the nearest neighbor terms that are semantically similar to cancer screening tests in colloquial language. Retrieving more YouTube videos from the top neighbor terms, we coded a sample of 150 random videos from each term for relevance. We then used text mining to examine the new content retrieved from these videos and network analysis to inspect the relations between the newly retrieved videos and videos from the seed queries. Results The top terms with semantic similarities to cancer screening tests were identified via word embedding models. Text mining analysis showed that the 5 nearest neighbor terms retrieved content that was novel and contextually diverse, beyond the content retrieved from cancer screening concepts alone. Results from network analysis showed that the newly retrieved videos had at least one total degree of connection (sum of indegree and outdegree) with seed videos according to YouTube relatedness measures. Conclusions We demonstrated a retrieval technique to improve recall and minimize precision loss, which can be extended to various health topics on YouTube, a popular video-sharing social media platform. We discussed how health communication scholars can apply the technique to inspect the performance of the retrieval strategy before investing human coding resources and outlined suggestions on how such a technique can be extended to other health contexts.
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Michel, Franck, Catherine Faron-Zucker, and Fabien Gandon. "Integration of Biodiversity Linked Data and Web APIs using SPARQL Micro-Services." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 22, 2018): e25481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25481.
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Web APIs (Application Programming Interface) are a common means for Web portals and data producers to enable HTTP-based, machine-processable access to their data. They are a prominent source of information*1 pertaining to topics as diverse as scientific information, social networks, entertainment or finance. The methods of Linked Data (Heath and Bizer 2011) similarly aim to publish machine-readable data on the Web, while connecting related resources within and between datasets, thereby creating a large distributed knowledge graph. Today, the biodiversity community is increasingly adopting the Linked Data principles to publish data such as trait banks, museum collections and taxonomic registers (Parr et al. 2016, Baskauf et al. 2016). However, standard approaches are still missing to combine disparate representations coming from both Linked Data interfaces and the manifold Web APIs that were developed during the last two decades to expose legacy biodiversity databases on the Web. The SPARQL Micro-Service architecture (Michel et al. 2018) tackles the goal of reconciling Linked Data interfaces and Web APIs. It proposes a lightweight method to query a Web API using SPARQL (Harris and Seaborne 2013), the Semantic Web standard to query knowledge graphs expressed in the Resource Description Framework (RDF). A SPARQL micro-service provides access to a small RDF graph, typically resource-centric, that it builds at run-time by transforming a fraction of the whole dataset served by the Web API into RDF triples. Furthermore, Web APIs traditionally rely on internal, proprietary resource identifiers that are unsuited for use as Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). To address this concern, a SPARQL micro-service can assign a URI to a Web API resource, allowing an application to look up this URI and get a description of the resource in return (this process is referred to as dereferencing). In this demo, we wish to showcase the value of SPARQL micro-services in the biodiversity domain. We first query TAXREF-LD, a Linked Data representation of the French taxonomic register of living beings (Michel et al. 2017), to retrieve information about a given taxon. Then, we demonstrate how we can enrich our knowledge about this taxon with various types of data retrieved on-the-fly from multiple Web APIs: trait data from the Encyclopedia of Life trait bank (Parr et al. 2016), articles or books from the Biodiversity Heritage Library, audio recordings from the Macaulay scientific media archive, photos from the Flickr photography social network, and music tunes from MusicBrainz. Different visualizations are demonstrated, ranging from raw RDF triples to Web pages generated dynamically and integrating heterogeneous data, as suggested in Fig. 1. Depending on the audience’s interests, we shall touch upon the alignment of Web APIs’ proprietary vocabularies with well-adopted thesauri or ontologies, or more technical concerns e.g. related to the effort required to deploy a new SPARQL micro-service.
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Scott, James Calvert. "Differences in American and British Vocabulary: Implications for International Business Communication." Business Communication Quarterly 63, no. 4 (December 2000): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056990006300403.
Full textAbstract:
American English and British English vocabularies have diverged over time, result, ing in lexical differences that have the potential to confound English-language intercultural communication. The differences derive from the need to adapt the meanings of existing expressions or to find new expressions for different things and to borrow expressions from different cultures. Separation and slow means of com munication also cause differences and encourage one side to retain archaic expres sions that others have abandoned or modified. The differences in vocabulary can be grouped into four categories: the same expression with differences in style, con notation, and/or frequency; the same expression with one or more shared and dif ferent meanings; the same expression with completely different meanings; and dif ferent expressions with the same shared meaning. These differences in vocabularies affect understanding of all varieties of English. To bridge differences in Enghsh language vocabularies, international business communication teachers and trainers must devote more attention to English as the dominant language of international business, create awareness of important vocabulary differences that have the potential to confound intercultural communication, and develop and teach strate gies for bridging the vocabulary differences of English speakers.
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Jensen, Arthur R. "Vocabulary and general intelligence." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 6 (December 2001): 1109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01280133.
Full textAbstract:
Acquisition of word meanings, or vocabulary, reflects general mental ability (psychometric g) more than than do most abilities measured in test batteries. Among diverse subtests, vocabulary is especially high on indices of genetic influences. Bloom's exposition of the psychological complexities of understanding words, involving the primacy of concepts, the theory of mind, and other processes, explains vocabulary's predominant g saturation.
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Romero Gualda, María Victoria. "Creatividad léxica en el lenguaje político (prefijación)." Rilce. Revista de Filología Hispánica 11, no. 2 (June 6, 2018): 263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/008.11.27036.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabajo se acerca al lenguaje político desde una perspectiva lexicológica. Examina creaciones por prefijación, que han tenido diverso éxito en el vocabulario español, de dos periodos políticos diferentes, el de la Segunda República y el de la llamada «Transición».
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Blythe, Kurt. "A Faceted Catalogue Aids Doctoral-Level Searchers." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 3, no. 3 (September 3, 2008): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8jk6v.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Olson, Tod A. “Utility of a Faceted Catalog for Scholarly Research” Library Hi Tech 25.4 (2007): 550-61.
Objective – To learn whether a faceted catalogue and word cloud aids in the discovery process.
Design – User study.
Setting – Large academic research library in the United States.
Subjects – Twelve PhD candidates in the humanities, the majority of whom are engaged with researching, proposing, or writing their dissertations.
Methods – The library’s entire catalogue of 5.2 million records was loaded into the AquaBrowser OPAC search interface. A pilot study was conducted using three humanities graduate students employed by the library. Following the pilot, the main study was conducted using graduate students in the humanities. Graduate students in the social sciences were desired for the study, but were not able to be contacted due to time constraints. Once selected, the test subjects were asked to use an interface that offered both facets and tag clouds for enhanced search quality. Test subjects were allowed to choose the topic they would like to research; all chose to research their dissertation topic. A moderator and recorder facilitated research conducted with the faceted catalogue. The moderator ensured that students commented on their findings, cleared up any confusion with using the interface, and kept the students on task. Only when students remarked that a new discovery had been made were those discoveries noted. The impact to the discovery process of faceted navigation and AquaBrowser’s word cloud was studied while the impact of relevance ranking was not.
Main Results – The article asserts that results from both the pilot and main study were sufficiently similar to justify combining them for the paper, but the advantage that students employed by the library might have over other students is not discussed. Nine of the twelve students used in the study found new results using the faceted catalogue and word cloud. The responses of the user group to the faceted catalogue and word cloud were “overwhelmingly positive” (555). However, since students were allowed to move freely between the word cloud and faceted navigation tool, it is difficult to attribute new discoveries solely to one or the other. However, when a new discovery could be “attributed primarily to one factor or another” (555) it was noted. The faceted navigation tool aided discovery at least four times and the word cloud aided discovery at least six.
Conclusion – A faceted catalogue interface with a word cloud feature clearly aids in the discovery process for more advanced researchers—those with specialized subject knowledge, familiarity with their library’s collection, and experience in researching their area. However, facets and word clouds have limitations: records with limited cataloguing have little to offer faceted navigation; catalogue records from diverse providers introduce controlled vocabularies beyond LCSH and MeSH into search returns, resulting in the same word potentially appearing multiple times in the same return albeit with different meanings; the word cloud may contain certain words that researchers feel to be irrelevant. Despite these issues, the use of word clouds and faceted navigation (and relevance ranking) appears to be beneficial to research conducted by experienced subject searchers in the humanities.
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Díaz, Maria Elena. "FINALISMO NO INTENCIONAL. UNA APROPIACIÓN ARISTOTÉLICA DEL VOCABULARIO PLATÓNICO DE LA PARTICIPACIÓN." Argos, no. 41 (June 26, 2020): e0003. http://dx.doi.org/10.14409/argos.2018.41.e0003.
Full textAbstract:
Más allá de las críticas de Aristóteles a la noción platónica de participación, existen algunos usos de este término que merecen ser atendidos en la obra aristotélica, en tanto suponen no solo una herencia platónica sino también una resignificación en un plexo conceptual diverso. Este trabajo explora el uso aristotélico de la noción de participación como finalidad no intencional en el argumento que sostiene que uno de los modos de alcanzar la inmortalidad es la procreación, para mostrar cómo se puede compatibilizar la adopción de la terminología platónica de la participación con el entramado causal aristotélico.
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Gallego Ortega, José Luis, and Susana Figueroa Sepúlveda. "Incidencia del vocabulario en la comprensión lectora de estudiantes chilenos con discapacidad intelectual." Revista de Investigación en Logopedia 10, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rlog.64660.
Full textAbstract:
La lectura ha concitado tradicionalmente el interés de profesionales e investigadores. Sin embargo, son testimoniales los estudios que han explorado las habilidades de comprensión lectora en sujetos de habla hispana con discapacidad intelectual (DI), cuya etiología es desconocida o diversa, e inexistentes las investigaciones que analizan la influencia del dominio del vocabulario en el desempeño lector de estos escolares. En este sentido, se presenta un novedoso estudio cuyo principal objetivo fue analizar la correlación entre el vocabulario y la comprensión lectora, a partir de un diseño de investigación fundamentado en un método cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y correlacional. Participaron 22 escolares chilenos con DI escolarizados en tres escuelas urbanas de distinta titularidad. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que sólo en el grupo de niños existían correlaciones significativas entre ambas variables. Se discuten estos resultados y su importancia para el diseño de estrategias que permita a este colectivo un mejor desempeño lector.
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Fernández Rei, Francisco. "O mar e a poesía galega. Singraduras na construcción da patria da lingua." Revista Galega de Filoloxía 4 (May 17, 2003): 11–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/rgf.2003.4.0.5342.
Full textAbstract:
Neste artigo estúdiase a presencia do mar e do léxico relacionado co mar na poesía galega. Despois dunhas breves consideracións sobre o mar na lírica galega medieval, fanse calas no vocabulario marítimo da poesía de Pondal, Manuel Antonio, Avilés de Taramancos e outros autores contemporáneos. O obxectivo fundamental é ver como se foi introducindo e propagando no galego literario moderno diverso léxico do mar, popular e culto, que hoxe forma parte do galego común nos seus diversos rexistros.
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Laca Menéndez de Luarca, Luis Ramón. "Dos modelos semejantes de noria de tiro." Al-Qanṭara 17, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.1996.v17.i1.545.
Full textAbstract:
La noria de tiro es un artefacto utilizado para elevar agua de un pozo con la ayuda de una caballería. Este tipo de noria es frecuente en todas las regiones secas de la Península Ibérica. Este trabajo estudia su lugar de origen y fecha de introducción en la Península, así como la influencia de términos árabes en el vocabulario castellano. Se analizan también los restos de noria encontrados por el autor en Azucaica (Toledo), así como la conservada en el Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid. A pesar de que la fecha de construcción en un caso y otro diverge en cientos de años, se demuestra que la semejanza entre los dos grupos es notable. Este hecho, sumado a la existencia de una serie de documentos conservada en el Real Jardín Botánico, permite una reconstrucción teórica en el caso de Toledo.