Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diverse Roles'
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1
Dykes, Ava Caudill. "Diverse roles of PKC[alpha] in vascular smooth muscle contraction." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=680.
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Theses (Ph. D.)--Marshall University, 2006.Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains xiii, 122 p. including illustrations. Bibliography: Chap.I. p.28-33; Chap. II. p. 82-86; Chap. III p.115-116.
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Li, Yaxiao. "Diverse roles of protein S-acyl transferases in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715280.
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S-acylation, commonly known as S-palmitoylation, is a reversible posttranslational lipid modification in which fatty acid, usually palmitic acid, covalently attaches to specific cysteine residues of proteins via thioester bonds. Palmitoylation enhances the hydrophobicity of proteins and contributes to their membrane association. It plays roles in protein trafficking, signalling, protein-protein interaction, protein stability and other important cellular functions. A family of Protein S-acyl Transferases (PATs) is responsible for this reaction. PATs are multi-pass transmembrane proteins that possess a catalytic Asp- His-His-Cys cysteine rich domain (DHHC-CRD) of ~50 amino acids. In Arabidopsis there are at least 24 such DHHC-CRD containing PAT proteins and they are named as AtPAT01 to AtPAT24. The function of only 2 AtPATs, AtPAT10 and AtPAT24 were studied in some detail, and a recent survey showed the ubiquitous expression pattern and different membrane localization habit of all 24 AtPATs. However, the biological function of the remaining 22 AtPATs in Arabidopsis was not reported when I started my project. Therefore, we carried out an initial screen of all the available T-DNA insertion lines of the 22 Arabidopsis PATs and identified transcriptional null mutants of 18 of the AtPATs. Among them, the k/o mutant plants of only 3 genes showed significantly altered phenotypes compared to wild-type Arabidopsis, and the mutants are named as atpat14, atpat21 and plp1(PAT-like Protein 1). This project aims to characterize these three putative PATs in details in terms of their PAT activities, catalytic domains, expression patterns, subcellular localizations and biological functions. AtPAT14 was proved as a PAT by yeast complementary and in vitro auto-acylation assays. Mutagenesis studies clearly demonstrated that the cysteine residue in the DHHCmotif is essential for the enzyme activity of AtPAT14. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing AtPAT14-GFP were observed and it was shown that AtPAT14 is predominantly localized at the Trans-Golgi. The phenotype was observed in both atpat14-1 and atpat14-2 mutant lines and this showed that the leaves of both lines were aging much faster than the WT. Analysis of the levels of different phytohormones revealed that the mutant leaves contained much higher salicylic acid (SA) than the WT. This coincided with the increased transcript levels of genes involved in SA biosynthesis and signalling. Therefore, AtPAT14 mediated protein S-acylation plays important roles in leaf senescence via the regulation of SA biosynthesis and signalling pathways. AtPAT21 was also confirmed as a PAT and the DHHC its functional domain by similar approaches as for AtPAT14. The plasma membrane (PM) localized AtPAT21 plays essential roles in both male and female gametogenesis. As such, loss-of-function by TDNA insertion in AtPAT21 leads to the plant being completely sterile. Therefore, AtPAT21-mediated S-acylation of proteins(s) plays important roles in the reproduction of Arabidopsis. AtPLP1 (PAT-like Protein 1) contains the signature DHHC-CRD. However, it does not rescue the growth defects of akr1, pfa3 and swf1, the 3 yeast PAT mutants used in enzyme activity assays of other known PATs from plant and animals. Further, the cysteine residue in the DHHC motif was not essential for the function of AtPLP1 as mutated variant containing serine in place of cysteine of the DHHC motif can still rescue the growth defects of atplp1-1. Seedling establishment of atplp1-1 was impaired without external carbon source. This is because the efficiency in converting the seed storage lipid to sugar in the mutant is much lower than WT due to the defective β-oxidation process involved in the degradation of free fatty acids released from lipid during post-germinative growth. In addition, atplp1-1 seedlings are also de-etiolated in the dark, and this was coincided with more cytokinin (CK) and less active gibberellin (GA) related pathway in the mutant. Other defects were also found in atplp1-1, such as hypersensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) and sugar during seed germination and abnormal shoot apical meristem (SAM) in older plants. Therefore, protein S-acyltransferases play distinct and diverse roles throughout the life cycle, from seed germination, seedling growth to seed production in Arabidopsis. This is most likely through the palmitoylation of an array of proteins they modify. Hence, our results provide vital clues for future studies on the molecular mechanism as to how AtPATs operate in plant.
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Picariello, Hannah Stubbs. "The Diverse Roles of Non-muscle Myosin II in Tumorigenesis." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1562680454131993.
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Cherukuri, Aravind. "The diverse roles of human B lymphocytes in renal transplantation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7753/.
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Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end stage renal disease. Despite the significant advances made over the last fifty years, one predicament that still perplexes the transplant community is late allograft loss. The two major contributing factors include the limitations with the clinical utility of various markers for early diagnosis and lack of appropriate therapy. This thesis deals with the issue of early diagnosis and tries to establish a link between the clinical, histological and immunological phenotype with a view to identify prognostic markers. Firstly, low-grade proteinuria is clinically analysed for its utility to predict graft outcomes. Secondly, a disjunction between the clinical and histological phenotype and more importantly the limited utility of the clinical phenotype to determine the prognosis for a troubled allograft in light of clinical dysfunction is considered. Thirdly, a novel definition of human B regulatory cells is proposed with a view to address the discrepancy in the current literature with regards to their identification. Fourthly, a link between the histological phenotype of late allograft dysfunction is correlated with the frequency and function of regulatory B cells. Here, the functional diversity of the B cells, specifically within a small sub-group of B regulatory cells in relation to histological abnormalities is considered. Finally, the phenotype and functionality of the Bregs are explored for their use as potential markers for allograft outcomes and the utility of a simple phenotype tested in a prospective sample of patients from a randomized controlled trial.
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Behzad, Hayedeh. "Diverse roles of the Bcl-2 family proteins in hemopoietic cell regulation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30719.
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In this thesis, the roles of Bcl-2 family proteins in hemopoietic cell regulation were
investigated. We first examined the effects of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) dependent
survival signalling pathways in cytokine dependent hemopoietic cells. Following cytokine
withdrawal or PI3K inhibition, there was a loss of FOXO3A phosphorylation, resulting in
increased expression of FasL and Fas at the cell surface. However, the Fas mediated signalling
did not appear to be involved in apoptosis of cytokine dependent hemopoietic cells. These
results support the belief that mitochondrial mediated signals through regulation of Bcl-2 family
proteins may play the major role in hemopoietic cell apoptosis.
Amongst the pro-survival Bcl-2 family members, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are assumed to have
a redundant function. To explore the differential ability of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in protecting cells
against apoptosis, we over-expressed these proteins in cytokine dependent hemopoietic cell line
FDCP-1. Based on our results, Bcl-2 appears to be a more potent pro-survival protein than Bcl-xL
against apoptosis induced by cytokine withdrawal.
In addition to their localization at the mitochondria, Bcl-2 family members also localize
at ER. To examine the physiological relevance of the membrane targeting of Bcl-xL, we used
Rat-1 fibroblast cell lines over-expressing Bcl-xL mutants that were targeted to ER,
mitochondrial outer membrane, or wild type Bcl-xL and showed that the ER targeted Bcl-xL
was as effective or even more effective than the mitochondrial targeted or wild type Bcl-xL
against certain cytotoxic stimuli.
A number of studies have shown involvement of Bcl-2 family proteins in processes other
than apoptosis. We explored a role of Mcl-1 in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage checkpoint
response, and cellular differentiation and found an interaction between Mcl-1 and the cell cycle regulatory protein Cdk-1 in nuclear compartment. In addition, Mcl-1 was found to associate
with the DNA damage checkpoint regulator, Chk-1, and the hallmark of DNA damage
checkpoint response, phospho-histone H2AX. Mcl-1 level also increased in HL-60 cells upon
induction of cellular differentiation by PMA. However, over-expression of Mcl-1 in these cells
did not appear to enhance cellular differentiation. We, therefore, concluded that Mcl-1 might not
play a prominent role in cellular differentiation.Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Department of
Experimental Medicine, Division of
Graduate
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Balanis, Nikolas G. "DIVERSE ROLES FOR EGF RECEPTOR SIGNALING IN THE BREAST CANCER TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1371572946.
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Vickers, Caroline H. "Interactional accommodation and the construction of social roles among culturally diverse undergraduates." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290133.
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This study explores the interactional achievement of intersubjectivity between native speakers (NS) and nonnative speakers (NNS) of English engaged in high stakes teamwork. I term the interactional achievement of intersubjectivity Interactional Accommodation. In particular, this study examines how strategies that NSs and NNSs employ to interactionally accommodate are related to language proficiency, successful team outcomes, and to the construction of team hierarchy. The context of the study is the team meeting associated with a design course in the department of electrical and computer engineering (ECE) at an American university, a setting in which NSs and NNSs work together on teams throughout the year to design operable electronic devices. Data was collected during one year from seven teams and a total of 27 participants through participant observation, video and audio taping of team meetings, and participant playback sessions. Data analysis incorporated an integrated approach informed by a variety of discourse analytic approaches. Findings demonstrate that the ability of teammates to interactionally accommodate to each other is correlated with the team's success. However, NSs and NNSs tend to employ strategies with different frequencies and in qualitatively distinct ways. These differences become important to the development of team hierarchy because strategies that NSs and NNSs employ tend to allow NSs control over the interpretive frame, which contributes to the construction of NSs as higher status team members than NNSs. The ability to control the interpretive frame is related to language proficiency, but in some cases NNSs develop strategies that allow them to control the interpretive frame and gain high status.
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Hu, Jimmy Kuang-Hsien. "Diverse Roles of Cell Signaling during Early and Late Phases of Limb Development." Thesis, Harvard University, 2011. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10015.
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The development of the vertebrate limb is a progressive process characterized by initial induction and patterning, concomitant growth and morphogenesis, and subsequent cell differentiation and tissue formation. Many of these processes are regulated by specific signaling centers and the environment they create. Through both classical approaches and recent molecular studies, we are beginning to understand the roles of these signaling events during limb development. However, several questions still remain and need to be further addressed. In this dissertation, I first examine how signaling molecules regulate the proximal-distal (PD) patterning of the limb. We demonstrate that early limb mesenchyme is initially maintained in a state capable of generating all limb segments by a combination of proximal and distal signals. As the limb grows, the proximal limb is established by exposure to flank-derived signal(s), whereas the distal segments are determined by distal signals when cells grow beyond the proximal influence. Thus, these results support the “two signal model” and contradict the classical view of PD patterning by a clock-based system that was postulated in the “progress zone model”. In the second part of this work, I focus on a later developmental event and study the cell- and non-cell-autonomous function of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) during limb muscle formation. Muscle progenitor cells migrate from the lateral somites into the developing limb, where they undergo patterning and differentiation in response to local signals. We find that Shh patterns limb musculature non-cell-autonomously, acting through adjacent non-muscle mesenchyme. However, Shh functions cell-autonomously to maintain cell survival in the dermomyotome and promote slow muscle differentiation. Finally, Shh signaling is required cell-autonomously to maintain Net1 expression, which in turn regulates directional muscle cell migration in the distal limb. The dissertation ends with three appendices, describing separate studies: first, mechanisms of limb loss in snakes, second, the role of Hippo signaling in limb development, and lastly a collaborative work with Dr. Jérôme Gros on limb morphogenesis. Taken together, this dissertation provides a glimpse into the diverse roles of signaling pathways during various stages of vertebrate limb development.
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Tare, Rahul Shrikant. "Osteoblast stimulating factor (OSF-1) : a peptide with diverse roles in bone development." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250051.
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Ong, Tone Stephan. "The diverse roles of collapsin response mediator protein 4 in mitosis and nerve regeneration." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103462.
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Microtubule-actin interactions underlie a diverse number of biological processes including cell motility, neuronal outgrowth, cellular wound healing, cell division and cortical flow. CRMPs (Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins) are a family of cytosolic phosphoproteins that play roles in regulating both actin and microtubule dynamics. The roles of the CRMP family of proteins in regulating these cellular processes have only been partially described. Our lab has been particularly interested in the function of the CRMP4 isoform because of its unique ability to complex with RhoA, a master regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. In this thesis we explore the function of CRMP4 in two biological processes that are dependent on actin and microtubule dynamics: mitosis (Chapter 2) and axon regeneration (Chapter 3 and 4). In Chapter 2, we identify CRMP4 as an important regulator of mitotic chromosomal alignment. We show that CRMP4 localizes to spindle microtubules during mitosis and that loss of CRMP4 disrupts chromosomal alignment, mitotic progression and spindle morphology. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these processes are dependent on CRMP4 phosphorylation, which may be important for recruitment of additional proteins to the mitotic machinery. In Chapter 3, we investigate the ability of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding a CRMP4 antagonist C4RIP (CRMP4-RhoA inhibitory peptide) to enhance adult retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon regeneration in an in vivo preclinical optic nerve injury model. We describe the inability of AAV-C4RIP to promote RGC regeneration and discuss the likelihood that AAV-mediated expression levels of C4RIP may be insufficient to promote regeneration. In Chapter 4, we describe the development and validation of cell permeable recombinant C4RIP (TAT-C4RIP) and discuss our data testing the effects of TAT-C4RIP on regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Together, these studies identify CRMP4 as an important regulator of mitosis, and describe our ongoing studies testing the effects of a CRMP4 antagonist on nerve regeneration.Les interactions entre l'actine et les microtubules sont sous-jacentes à divers processus biologiques incluant la motilité cellulaire, le guidage neuronal, la cicatrisation cellulaire, la division cellulaire et la circulation corticale. Les protéines CRMPs (Collapsin Response Mediator Protein) sont une famille de phosphoprotéines cytosoliques jouant un rôle dans la régulation de la dynamique de l'actine et des microtubules. Cependant, cette régulation du cytosquelette par les CRMPs n'a été que partiellement décrite. Notre laboratoire s'intéresse à la fonction de l'isoforme CRMP4 en raison de sa capacité unique d'interagir avec RhoA, un régulateur important du cytosquelette d'actine. Dans cette thèse, nous explorons la fonction de CRMP4 dans deux processus biologiques qui dépendent de la dynamique de l'actine et des microtubules: la mitose (chapitre 2) et la régénération des axones (chapitre 3 et 4). Dans le chapitre 2 sera présentée notre identification de CRMP4 en tant que régulateur important de l'alignement chromosomique durant la mitose. Nous démontrons que, pendant la mitose, CRMP4 se situe sur les fuseaux mitotiques formés de microtubules et que la perte de CRMP4 perturbe l'alignement chromosomique, la progression de la mitose et la morphologie des fuseaux. En outre, nous démontrons que ces processus sont dépendants de la phosphorylation de CRMP4. Ceci pourrait être crucial pour le recrutement de protéines supplémentaires nécessaire pour la mitose. Dans le chapitre 3, nous étudions la capacité d'un virus adéno-associé (AAV) codant pour l'antagoniste de CRMP4, nommé C4RIP (CRMP4-RhoA inhibitory peptide), de favoriser la régénération de l'axone de cellules ganglionnaires de la rétine (RGC) chez l'adulte. Pour cela, nous utilisons un modèle in vivo de traumatismes du nerf optique chez le rat adulte. Nous décrivons l'incapacité des virus AAV-C4RIP de favoriser la régénération des RGCs et discutons de la probabilité que les niveaux de AAV-C4RIP exprimés puissent être insuffisants afin de favoriser la régénération. Le chapitre 4, quant à lui, est consacré à la description du développement et de la validation de la protéine recombinante TAT-C4RIP qui a le potentiel de traverser la membrane cellulaire. Nous y discutons les données concernant les effets de TAT-C4RIP sur la régénération in vitro et in vivo. Dans l'ensemble, ces études caractérisent CRMP4 comme important régulateur de la mitose et décrivent une nouvelle méthode de purification pour des protéines perméables à la membrane cellulaire.
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Rodriguez, Naeemah. "Upper Classmen's Valuation of Their Roles as Mentors to New Ninth Graders: A Case Study in a Diverse Suburban High School." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2255.
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This study was conducted to obtain information about a mentoring program through the eyes of eleventh and twelfth grade student mentors. These students were able to tell what needed to be known about the strengths and weaknesses of this mentoring program and what they felt needed to be done to make the program more effective and meaningful. This study will serve to inform school leaders who may be planning a peer mentoring program at an educational institution.
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Carlson, Scott M. (Scott Moore). "Diverse roles for the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK2 revealed by high-throughput target identification." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71469.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biological Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-89).
Many major human oncogenes contribute to cancer in large part by activating the mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK). These kinases are critical in normal physiological processes from development to memory, and their activation in cancer drives growth and metastatic invasion. Understanding the effects of ERK signaling is especially important since vemurafenib, the first pharmaceutical directly targeting the MAPK pathway, has recently been approved to treat advanced melanoma. ERK controls cellular phenotypes by phosphorylating over two hundred known substrate proteins, however new ERK targets are reported frequently. We have used a chemical genetics approach to identify over one hundred novel substrates of ERK2. This approach utilizes an ERK2 kinase with "gatekeeper" mutation that allows it to bind bulky ATP analogs (AS-ERK2). AS-ERK2 can be used to label its direct substrates with thiophosphate in an in vitro kinase reaction. To achieve sufficient sensitivity we have improved on existing protocols for identification of thiophosphorylated peptides. Our improved protocol identified over one hundred novel ERK2 substrates in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and in colon carcinoma cell lines. We investigated one novel ERK2 substrate, the transcriptional repressor ETV3, in detail and found that phosphorylation abrogates binding to DNA by ETV3, and that mutation of key phosphorylated residues to alanine blocks this effect. We also identified several thousand ETV3 targets across the genome. The wide range of genes targeted by ETV3 suggests that it may act as a key regulator of cell cycle and metabolism in some cell types. We have also identified ERK2 substrates in the DLD1 colon carcinoma cell line, including several mRNA splicing factors and members of the MLL family of histone 3 methyltransferases. We are using high-throughput sequencing and biochemical experiments to determine whether these phosphorylation sites control the function of MLL proteins. Taken together these investigations greatly expand our knowledge of the ERK signaling pathway and have revealed greater connectivity among biological processes than had been appreciated.
by Scott M. Carlson.
Ph.D.
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Thye, Julie Kristine. "The diverse roles of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa phospholipase PlcH and the Toxoplasma gondii serine palmitoyltransferase in sphingolipid biochemistry." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10860/.
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Sphingolipids are essential for cell survival for almost all eukaryotic cells. Due to the large variety in sphingolipid structure, they possess a wide range of functions from acting as structural components of membranes to participating in cell signalling pathways. Sphingolipid metabolism and catabolism can occur via numerous routes and the disruption of sphingolipids or sphingolipid biosynthetic pathways is therefore detrimental to cells. The vast majority of prokaryotes do not utilise sphingolipids, however certain prokaryotic enzymes which posses similar functionality to those involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis, are crucial to pathogen-host interactions. For instance, the opportunistic human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which represents a particular threat to cystic fibrosis patients, expresses a variety of virulence factors. One of these, the heterodimeric complex, PlcHR₂, is a phospholipase C. It also possesses sphingomyelinase properties which has been suggested to be responsible for the highly specific cytotoxic effects of the enzyme. The first aim of the thesis was to express and purify the PlcH part of the complex in order to functionally and biophysically characterise it, laying the foundation towards the crystal structure determination. Furthermore, the sphingomyelinase activity assay was established, utilising PlcHR₂, in order to screen several commercially available compounds and an in-house library of ceramide analogues for potential inhibitory effect on the enzyme. Five inhibitory and five activating compounds were identified. Sphingolipids also play crucial roles in more complex human pathogens, including the apicomplexan protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, which causes a life-threatening disease, toxoplasmosis, in animals and humans. The first step in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway is catalysed by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), making it an important drug target in several parasites as preventing this step from occurring in the biosynthesis will result in an incapability of the parasite to proliferate. Several constructs of the SPT from T. gondii were designed in order to establish the smallest catalytically active domain. The constructs were expressed and purified in order to characterise the enzyme by a range of biochemical and biophysical methods, with the ultimate aim of obtaining a crystal structure for the enzyme. The final part of the thesis focussed on the crystallisation and crystal structure determination of a triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus solfataricus. The TPI protein assumes a β α₈-barrel fold, the most common protein fold. It is thus an ideal target to study to gain an understanding of the evolutionary process that enzymes undergo to stabilise their structure and function at the extreme conditions they are subjected to in extremophiles.
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Nelson, Cortney. "“Our Weapon is the Wooden Spoon:” Motherhood, Racism, and War: The Diverse Roles of Women in Nazi Germany." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2448.
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The historiography of women in Nazi Germany attests to the various roles of women in the Third Reich. Although politically invisible, women were deeply involved in the Nazi regime, whether they supported the Party or not. During Nazi racial schemes, men formed and executed Nazi racial programs, but women participated in Nazi racism as students, nurses, and violent perpetrators. Early studies of German women during World War II focused on the lack of Nazi mobilization of women into the wartime labor force, but many women already held positions in the labor force before the war. Nazi mistreatment of lower-class working women and the violence against their own people, as well as Allied terror bombing and mass rape, proved the Nazis inept at protecting German women. The historiography of women in Nazi Germany is complex and controversial but proves the importance of women in the male dominated regime.
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Salameh, Ahlam Ibrahim. "METABOLIC ACIDOSIS AND THE DIVERSE ROLES OF THE Cl/HCO3 EXCHANGER (AE3) IN INTRACELLULAR pH HOMEOSTASIS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1473852052811835.
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Deane, John. "How are academic Heads of Department supported to undertake their diverse roles in post-1992 English Higher Education Institutions?" Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2017. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/5700/.
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There has been acceptance for some time of the importance of the role of the academic Head of Department (HoD) to the successful delivery of a Higher Education Institution’s (HEI) vision and strategy. It has been argued that due to the increased pace of change in English Higher Education in the last few years, with a trebling of fees and regulatory change, a recent Higher Education and Research Act (2017), and the introduction of the Teaching Excellence Framework, that there is even more need for effective HoDs. There has also been acceptance for some time that the training and support provided for those taking on the HoD role has been limited. The focus of this research study is how academic HoDs in post-1992 English HEIs are supported to undertake their role, taking into account both how decisions are made and their academic identity. This study adopted an interpretive approach – in line with social constructivism – exploring the perceptions, feeling, and beliefs of HoDs. 14 semi-structured interviews were undertaken with HoDs in two post-1992 English HEIs to obtain their views on how decisions are taken either in a managerial or collegial manner, how their identity forms part of the support they draw upon, and the informal and formal networks and support mechanisms they utilise. A further seven semi-structured interviews were undertaken with senior managers to triangulate the data from HoDs. The data was analysed using template analysis and the key themes were identified. The findings suggest firstly that HoDs prefer a decision-making environment that utlises a ‘soft’ form of managerialism or collaborative and collegial culture in which decisions are made. This form of ‘soft’ managerialism, it is argued, allows for the development of informal support mechanisms. Secondly, the study found that HoDs were unable to maintain their research whilst being in the role (and this was a frustration to them), but they found their disciplinary networks and identity important in undertaking the role of HoD. Finally, the study established that the informal forms of support accessed by HoDs, either within or outside their institution, were of most value in allowing them to successfully undertake their role. The time and space to network and reflect with others on the common challenges they all faced provided the support that was of greatest value to HoDs. Although the findings from this study cannot be generalised they could be of value to HEIs and human resources managers, as well as designers of HoD leadership programmes in taking into account how best to support the development of informal support networks for HoDs.
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Jarsch, Iris Katharina [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Ott. "Remorin proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana : markers for diverse embrane micro-domains with roles in plant-microbe interactions / Iris Jarsch. Betreuer: Thomas Ott." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1072038250/34.
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Semper, Raphaela Patricia [Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Gerhard, and Thilo M. [Gutachter] Fuchs. "The diverse roles of NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes during Helicobacter pylori infection / Raphaela Patricia Semper ; Gutachter: Markus Gerhard, Thilo M. Fuchs ; Betreuer: Markus Gerhard." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1144483220/34.
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Gaines, Stanley O., Stacey L. Williams, and Kristin D. Mickelson. "Support Communication in Culturally Diverse Families: The Role of Stigma." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8022.
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Ethnic minority groups are societally defined groups that exist as psychological and/or numerical minorities, and whose members presumably share biological and/or cultural heritage (Markus, 2008). Although religious and national minority groups clearly are defined by culture, racial minority groups (which psychologists have tended to regard as defined by biology; Fairchild, Yee, Wyatt, & Weizmann, 1995;Yee, Fairchild, Weizmann, & Wyatt, 1993) similarly are defined by culture (Jones, 1997). In turn, culturally diverse families are defined by the presence of one or more family members who are members of racial, religious, or national minority groups within a given society (Gaines, 1997). According to Erving Goffman (1963), stigmatization toward members of ethnic minority groups not only can affect those individuals but also can affect the individuals' families. Within the U.S.A. and other Western nations, majority group members as well as minority group members in interracial marriages often are acutely aware of the transmission of stigmatization throughout entire families (Gaines & Ickes, 2000). However, the transmission of stigmatization can occur in all families in which one or more members belong to racial, religious, or national minority groups (Gaines, 2001). In the present chapter, we draw upon Goffman's (1959, 1963) symbolic interactionist theory in examining support communication within culturally diverse families. We pay particular attention to Goffman's (1963) concept of stigma as applied to members of ethnic minority groups and as applied to their families. Moreover, we focus on specific forms of support communication (following Mickelson & Williams, 2008; Williams & Mickelson, 2008) that members of ethnic minority groups may use to obtain social support from family members and, thus, counteract the potentially negative effects of stigmatization. In addition, we consider the utility of Claude Steele's (1997) concept of stereotype threat in explaining the potential lack of generalizability of support communication processes across ethnic (and especially racial) groups.
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Cashmore, Daniel Karl. "Performance differences in diverse contexts: The role of personality." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2951.
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This study seeks to explain performance differences in demographically diverse settings by examing introverted and extraverted individuals and using the Inverted-U-Theory developed by Hans J. Eysenck.
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Valiquette-Tessier, Sophie-Claire. "The Modern Canadian Family: The Content of Mother and Father Stereotypes in Diverse Family Contexts." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38188.
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Considerable empirical evidence supports the existence of parental stereotypes. However, the content of these stereotypes is less clear (Valiquette-Tessier, Vandette, & Gosselin, 2015; Valiquette-Tessier, Gosselin, Thomassin, & Young, 2018). Therefore, this study aims to (a) explore stereotypes associated with divorced, step, single, same-sex and adoptive mothers and fathers, in comparison to the stereotypes associated to married mothers and fathers, and (b) assess if a set of independent variables predicts the ratings on the stereotypical content. The procedure employed in this study constitutes the most common strategy for the measurement of stereotypes, that is the three steps method (Bennett & Jamieson, 1999). To fulfill the objectives, one sample t tests and linear regressions were conducted. Results showed that married parents are highly regarded despite the parent gender, and that divorced parents are strongly negatively regarded again for both genders. Single, step, and lesbian/gay parents remain generally negatively stereotyped, despite some more positive views that have emerged here and there. Finally, adoptive parents are stereotyped in a manner that is very similar to married parents, and are even seen more positively on some aspects. On the other part, for both mothers and fathers, the gender and parental status all reached statistical significance in predicting stereotypic category a number of times. However, while age was the most often significant predictor within mothers' reduced models, it never appeared as a significant predictor within fathers' reduced models. Moreover, ethnicity was a significant predictor in many fathers' reduced models, but only reached statistical significance in a few of the mothers' reduced models. The number of times relationship status and sexual orientation came up as statistically significant is relatively similar within both mothers and fathers' models, as was educational attainment which never reach statistical significance in any of the reduced models.
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Coffin, Dawn E. "Teacher perceptions of the changing role of the secondary middle school principal." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002316.
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Stivahtis, Gina Lynn. "The role of Vpr in cell-cycle regulation by diverse primate lentiviruses /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5017.
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Dutta, Suparna. "Understanding Effectiveness of a Diverse Board in the Nonprofit Sector: The Role of Board Inclusion & Critical Mass of the Diverse Board Members." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5738.
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Using rated responses from nonprofit CEOs who participated in the 2016 BoardSource national survey, this study investigates whether nonprofit board inclusive behavior or board inclusive practices are positively correlated with nonprofit board effectiveness. It further examines whether a critical mass of racial and ethnic minority or women board members may moderate the relationship stated above. To answer these questions, the study tested six hypotheses using principal component analysis, followed by hierarchical regression analysis, and found no evidence of statistical significance in main or moderator effects. The study recommends that policymakers should frame policies that ensure mandatory quotas for women and racioethnic minority board members for nonprofits that receive government funding and/or act as alternative service delivery agents for governments. In addition, the nonprofit CEOs should promote the learning-integration perspective of group inclusion to help maximize the experience of inclusion of board members. The study further recommends that nonprofit boards should promote pluralistic diversity, abandon tokenism, and foster an inclusive environment for all board members irrespective of their gender and color.
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Billur, Çakirer Huriye. "The role of play as a medium of inclusion in culturally diverse preschools." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285553.
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Esta Tesis Doctoral consta de tres estudios independientes que pretenden analizar el proceso de inclusión de la diversidad cultural en los niños preescolares y el papel del juego durante este proceso. En una primera fase se ha realizado un estudio de caso intrínseco que tiene por objeto identificar el proceso de inclusión de un niño turco de 5 años de edad en un preescolar internacional situado en Sant Cugat, Cataluña (España) y el del papel del juego durante este proceso. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante observaciones participativas, conversaciones informales con los padres y los maestros registradas en notas de campo tomadas después de las sesiones de observación y conversación. Los resultados del análisis cualitativo de los datos indicó que los desafíos para la inclusión se produjeron debido a las preocupaciones económicas, las limitaciones de tiempo, las expectativas poco realistas, las actitudes de los padres y profesores, las características personales y la competitividad causada por las condiciones de trabajo inestables. En este parvulario, con una orientación altamente académica, el juego libre no parecía tan frecuente como se esperaba con el fin de fomentar una cultura común donde los niños pueden aprender sobre la cultura popular y descubrir sus intereses comunes. Ante estos resultados contrastados con la literatura y experiencias se optó por recoger las opiniones de los maestros respeto el papel del juego en el proceso de inclusión de los niños con diversidad cultural iniciando así la segunda fase de la investigación.
Para dar respuesta a este segundo objetivo surgido de los resultados del análisis de caso anterior se eligió una escuela pública ubicada en Terrassa, Cataluña (España). Se entrevistaron cinco maestros quienes valoraron altamente el juego como medio para la inclusión social y educativa, aludieron la contribución del juego en el proceso de inclusión al mismo tiempo que reconocieron que era preciso introducir algunos cambios en el entorno para que este fuera más eficiente para facilitar la inclusión de la diversidad cultural. Expusieron que el énfasis académico en el plan de estudios afecta negativamente en el tiempo de juego. Además, su papel como "guardián" en el recreo, cuando los niños participan en el juego libre al aire libre, interfiere negativamente. Estos resultados contrastados con los del anterior estudio llevaron a la tercera fase de la tesis.
Con el propósito de analizar las estrategias de inclusión y exclusión que los niños utilizan en sus actividades de juego al aire libre durante el recreo en una escuela con diversidad cultural se procedió a un estudio sociométrico que junto con la participación del profesorado y observaciones preliminares de la dinámica del aula derivó a la selección de un niño de procedencia catalana y una niña de procedencia marroquí, ambos de cinco años de edad, para ser observados en el entorno natural de juego en el recreo. Después de analizar las grabaciones audio-visuales se puede decir que las estrategias que emplean los niños para incluir y excluir a sus compañeros durante el juego al aire libre en el recreo en un entorno culturalmente diverso sugieren que el niño popular con un fondo cultural dominante utiliza estrategias verbales y no verbales para incluirse a sí mismo, mientras que el niño impopular utiliza con más frecuencia estrategias no verbales para la auto-inclusión, especialmente la mirada y el acercamiento físico.
En conclusión, aunque los niños que provienen de diversos orígenes culturales no deben ser calificados como niños con necesidades educativas especiales si que se precisa una intervención frente a sus necesidades derivadas de las discontinuidades culturales permitiendo mejorar sus habilidades sociales en el juego y desarrollar sentimientos de pertenencia a su comunidad consiguiendo así una inclusión real.This doctoral dissertation research includes three independent studies, which were formulated and conducted one after another due to additional data collection necessity appeared during the research process. The guiding questions of this research are: How does the inclusion process develop in culturally diverse preschools? How does play contribute to culturally diverse kindergartners’ inclusion process? By answering these two questions the general objective is to examine the inclusion process of culturally diverse children and to analyze the role of play during this process in culturally diverse preschools serving 3-6 year-old children. The first study within this research is an intrinsic case study which aims at examining the inclusion process of a 5 year-old Turkish in an international preschool located in Sant Cugat, Catalonia, Spain and at analyzing the role of play during this process. Data was collected through participative observations, informal talks with the parents and the teachers and extensive field notes taken after the observation sessions. Data was analyzed qualitatively. The results of data analysis indicated that the challenges to inclusion occurred due to economic concerns, time limitations, parents’ unrealistic expectations, teachers’ attitudes and personal qualities and the competitiveness caused by the instable working conditions. In this highly academic oriented kindergarten, indoors free play did not appear as frequent as it should have in order to foster a common peer culture where children could learn about the popular culture and discover their common interests. The second study is a case study examines the perspectives of five P4 and P5 level (4 and 5 year-olds) teachers about the inclusion of children coming from different cultures through play at their preschool. A public preschool (CEIP) located in Terrassa, Catalonia was selected as a case for study and five teacher working at this school in 2010-2011 school year were interviewed. The results of qualitative data analysis indicated that teachers highly valued play and recognized its contribution to the inclusion process, while still acknowledging that some changes should be introduced in the setting to make use of play in a more efficient way for facilitating the inclusion of culturally diverse children in the future. They acknowledged that academic emphasis in the curriculum negatively affected play time. Furthermore, their role as a “guardian” in the playground, when children engaged in outdoor free play in recess was another issue that needed further attention. The third study employs a two-case study design to analyze how children include and exclude their peers in the play settings in a culturally diverse public preschool located in Terrassa, Catalonia. A five year-old Catalan boy and a five year-old Moroccan girl were selected as cases through sociometric interviews with children, informal talks with the teachers and non-participant preliminary observations. The primary data source was the video-taped naturalistic observations of focal children’s play interactions in different playgrounds. The strategies that kindergartners employed to include and exclude their peers during outdoor play in recess in a culturally diverse setting suggest that the popular child with a dominant cultural background uses both verbal and non-verbal strategies to include himself, whereas the unpopular child frequently uses on looking behavior, staring, gazing, approaching physically among other non-verbal strategies as her main self-inclusion strategies. In conclusion, although children coming from diverse cultural backgrounds do not qualify as children with special educational needs in early their early years, an intervention addressing their needs arising from cultural discontinuities should be implemented in order to improve their social skills in play, through which they make friends, become part of the peer culture and develop feelings of belonging to their community.
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Cano, Cynthia Rodriguez. "The role of ethnic compatibility in attitude formation : marketing to America's diverse consumers." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001961.
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de, Barling Ana Maria. "The role of beliefs among community college teachers working in culturally diverse classrooms." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2468.
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Research on beliefs and the differential treatment of students of color or minority students has documented teachers' actions and students' lack of success; but most has not focused on the contextual variables pertaining to specific settings and their effect on teachers' beliefs. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the beliefs that effective, experienced community college instructors identified as guiding their teaching in classrooms where students were culturally and/or ethnically different from themselves. A sample of 10 experienced community college teachers was selected from two different community college populations in Northern California. For this phenomenological study, data were collected through intensive, in-depth interviews. The interview questions were focused on teachers' beliefs regarding their role, teacher/student interactions with culturally and/or ethnically-diverse students, decisions about the curriculum and pedagogical practices they choose to use, and how their thinking about socioeconomic class affected their perceptions on the students' ability to learn and be successful. The beliefs that guided these effective community college teachers centered on four basic themes: mastery, voice, authority, and positionality. Each theme encapsulated the areas in which the respondents' beliefs affected the dynamics of their pedagogy to differently produce minority students' identities. Most of the respondents believed that mastery is a collaborative process by which knowledge is constructed. Students take up the narratives of their past through the stories and experiences of the present. It is a cultural recovery. Voice denoted the relationship between identity and difference. By retelling and accepting individual past experiences as valid, students' voices emerged. Beliefs about authority suggested that meanings are produced within relations of power that narrate identities through history, social forms, and mode of ethical address. In regard to positionality, respondents suggested that students who study their own ethnicities and histories gain some sense of those complex and diverse cultural locations that provide them with a sense of voice, place, and identity. They addressed the systemic violence of racism and difference by making ethnicity a site of differences in which identities are structured in relationship to the shifting terrains of history, experiences, and power. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Gull, Ammar Ali. "Gender-diverse boards and financial statements quality : the role of female directors’ attributes." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA2001/document.
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Cette thèse propose d'étudier dans quelle mesure la diversité du genre au conseil d'administration influence la qualité des états financiers. Plus précisément, cette thèse explore la relation entre la diversité du genre au conseil d'administration et la qualité des états financiers en soulignant l'influence des attributs des femmes administrateurs sur la qualité des états financiers.Cette thèse repose sur un large échantillon d'entreprises françaises appartenant à l'indice CAC All-shares d'Euronext Paris entre 2001 et 2010. Après avoir contrôlé l'endogénéité et d'autres facteurs spécifiques au conseil d'administration, à l'entreprise et à l'industrie, nos résultats montrent que la diversité du genre au conseil d‟administration est positivement associée à la qualité des états financiers. De plus, nos résultats mettent en lumière une influence significative des attributs des femmes administrateurs sur la relation entre la diversité du genre dans les conseils d'administration et la qualité des états financiers. En ce qui concerne plus particulièrement les attributs, nous avons trouvé que l'appartenance au comité d‟audit, l'expertise comptable et financière et l'expérience des femmes ont un impact positif et significatif sur la qualité des états financiers. L'ensemble de ces résultats témoigne de l'importance des compétences dans les conseils d'administration diversifiés en termes de genre et révèlent la pertinence des attributs des femmes administrateurs pour assurer la qualité des états financiersThis thesis proposes to study to what extent board gender diversity influence the quality of financial statements. Specifically, this thesis explores the relation between gender-diverse boards and financial statements quality by highlighting the value relevance of female directors‟ attributes for enhancing the quality of financial statements.This thesis focuses on a large sample of French firms belonging to the CAC-All shares index listed on Euronext Paris over the period 2001 to 2010. We find, after controlling for endogeneity and other board, firm and industry specific factors, that board gender diversityis positively associated with the quality of financial statements. Further, our findings provide evidence of significant influence of female directors‟ attributes on the relation between gender-diverse boards and financial statements quality. With regard to female directors‟ attributes, we find concrete evidence to suggest that audit committee memberships, financial expertise and experience of women have substantial impact on the quality of financial statements. Taken together, these results testify the effective monitoring skills of gender-diverse boards and the value relevance of female directors‟ attributes for ensuring the quality of financial statements. Finally, an important implication of thesis is that the decision to appoint women on corporate boards should be more based on their statutory and demographic attributes than blind implementation of gender quotas
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Shemla, Meir, and Jürgen Wegge. "Managing diverse teams by enhancing team identification: The mediating role of perceived diversity." SAGE Publications, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71545.
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Although diversity provides a greater pool of knowledge and perspectives, teams often do not realize the potential offered by these additional informational resources. In this study, we develop a new model seeking to explain when and how teams that are diverse in terms of educational background utilize the afforded informational variety by engaging in deeper elaboration of task-relevant information. We found that collective team identification moderated the relationship between educational team diversity and elaboration of task-relevant information, such that under high (low) levels of team identification, educational diversity was positively (negatively) related to information elaboration. As expected, this moderating effect was shown to be mediated simultaneously through two different types of perceived team diversity. We found that the negative path was mediated through a perceived diversity measure reflecting a split into subgroups, whereas the positive path was mediated through a perceived diversity measure reflecting perceived educational heterogeneity. Taken together, this study contributes to the team diversity literature by shedding light on the important role of collective team identification in unlocking the potential of objective educational team diversity, by uncovering the underlying mechanisms accounting for this effect, and by demonstrating the usefulness of distinguishing between different types of perceived diversity.
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Cano, Cynthia Rodriguez. "The Role of Ethnic Compatibility in Attitude Formation: Marketing to America’s Diverse Consumers." Scholar Commons, 2007. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/655.
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This study investigates the meaning of advertising through the eyes of the Hispanic consumer and how that meaning is apparent in attitudes and purchase intention. Specifically, the study investigates how ethnic minorities judge print advertisement that feature ethnically diverse models as communication cues. For the first time, data of how minorities evaluate the compatibility of models from different ethnic groups featured together in an advertisement was collected. Qualitative data was collected from Hispanics and typologies of cultural pointers for Hispanics and African-Americans developed. Experimental design, 3x2 within-group analysis, was conducted to test the 14 hypothesized relationships. Finding clearly support the notion that perceived ethnic compatibility of models featured in an advertisement influence resulting attitudes (i.e., toward the actors and advertisement). Of crucial importance is the finding that when viewing an advertisement featuring mixed models (i.e., one Hispanic model and one African-American model), both strong and weak Hispanic ethnic identifiers did not exhibit an intention to purchase the advertised product. This finding challenges the value of multicultural advertising, which feature various ethnic models together to reach several groups simultaneously, to effectively connect with ethnic minorities.
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Erasmus, Wilma. "Exploring quality and diversity : the role of the teacher in a class of diverse learners." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27821.
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The advent of democracy has witnessed radical changes in the demographic constitution of the learner population in schools. Many teachers now encounter classes that comprise learners from diverse racial, ethnic, religious and language backgrounds. How do these teachers ensure quality education in such a class of diverse learners? Accordingly, this research study set out to explore quality and diversity in a class of diverse learners with particular emphasis on the role of the teacher. The meta-theoretical paradigm that directed it was a combination of constructivism and interpretivism. The methodological paradigm employed a qualitative mode of inquiry and various sampling techniques to select the participants. Convenience sampling was used to select three schools, two classes per school and five learners per teacher, while purposive sampling were used to select two teachers per school. A mix of instruments was used to collect the data, such as semistructured interviews, observations, field notes and a researcher journal. Findings from this study were fivefold. First, the training that teachers received with regard to diversity is insufficient and does not prepare them to teach a class of diverse learners. Second, the role of the teacher is complex and requires them to fulfil more than one role at a time; even though some roles are neglected, the majority of teachers focus on the role of facilitator. More emphasis should be placed on the importance of the roles and how they can contribute to quality in education. Third, teachers must follow an asset-based approach in a class of diverse learners. By using difference as a resource and an asset, teachers will be able to encourage open class discussions, involve learners in the lesson, keep their attention and use this to promote their understanding about complex topics and terms. Fourth, teachers have to make certain adjustments to their teaching style to accommodate diverse learners. It is important for all teachers to examine their own attitudes towards teaching diverse learners in order to provide the best education possible. Finally, certain quality assurance methods are in place at schools, but just how appropriate they are is debatable. New approaches must be developed and utilized to meet the needs of the current social context in South Africa to ensure that quality teaching takes place at schools.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Science, Mathematics and Technology Education
unrestricted
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Okuyama, Misako. "An artist-educator's role in community arts : integrating people of diverse backgrounds and ages." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ64096.pdf.
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Jensen, Cjersti Jayne. "Multifaceted Development of Social Identity in Adolescence: The Role of Diverse Backgrounds and Discrimination." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1563128097724086.
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Santamaria, Dávila Jordi. "The methodologies in psychology of gender and health: An integrative journey from different approaches to diverse realities." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667328.
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This thesis is a methodological exploration to achieve the integration of methods through psychological research on gender, exploring different controversial topics currently reflected by psychology of gender using diverse methodological approximations. Six studies has been made in response to some current needs of the psychology of gender.Esta tesis es una exploración metodológica para lograr la integración de métodos a través de la investigación psicológica sobre el género, explorando diferentes temas controvertidos de actualidad para la psicología del género utilizando diversas aproximaciones metodológicas. Se han realizado seis estudios en respuesta a algunas necesidades actuales de la psicología del género.
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Terry, Laura Hampton. "Albert McKisco's Role in Dick Diver's "Intricate Destiny"." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625397.
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Sime, Wondossen. "The diverse role of laminin isoforms in neuronal cells, human mast cells and blood platelets /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-122-7/.
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Alibekova, Venera Ikramovna. "The Role of Parental Support and Parental Educational Aspirations in Academic Achievement among Ethnically Diverse Adolescents." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1605092110778166.
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Aziz, Azelin. "Role demands and work-family balance experience in Malaysia : the different moderating effects of collectivism and gender role identity among diverse ethnic groups." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/41845/1/Azelin_Aziz_Thesis.pdf.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the influence of ethnic cultural values on the relationship of role demands and the work-family balance (WFB) experience. Past studies have found that the demands from work and family roles have a different impact on the work-family experience in people of different ethnicity. Researchers attribute these results to the cultural differences across the groups. However, there has been no empirical support for these assumptions because most past studies did not explicitly measure the cultural dimension in their design. Therefore, although studies have found ethnic differences in work-family experience, as cultural variables were not measured, it cannot be determined whether these differences were due to the differing ethnic groups’ cultural styles. The present thesis is set up to address this limitation in the literature, employing the Malay and Chinese ethnic groups in Malaysia as the study samples. The investigation consisted of pilot interviews and two survey studies. The interviews were carried out to establish the perception of WFB by target participants of a non-western nation. The first survey served to identify whether the Malay and Chinese ethnic groups residing under the same economic and social systems vary in their perceptions of work and family roles. The second survey tests the research model empirically, that is, whether cultural values moderate the relationship between role demands and WFB and if these moderation effects vary across ethnic groups. From the interviews, the results indicated that work-family experience is not a universal experience, but is partly culture-specific. Specifically, in the case of Malaysia, WFB is very much observed from the role obligation perspective. In particular, balance is perceived when work duties and household affairs are both adequately fulfilled. On the other hand, the conceptualisation of WFB in terms of role satisfaction and role interference also emerged in the interviews, suggesting the universality of these constructs across cultures. The findings from Survey One indicated that participants of different ethnicities in this study do not differ greatly in their perceptions regarding their participation in work and family roles. Generally, these participants revealed the less traditional attitudes towards women’s participation in work and family roles. However, variations were observed between the two groups in terms of reasons for working, spouses’ preferences towards their employment, and the extent to which their work role is perceived to impede their normative role performance in the household. Despite these differences, the Malay and Chinese ethnic groups showed more similarities than differences in their perceptions of work and family. The findings from Survey Two, which tested the research model, produced mixed results. On the whole, the results showed that the cultural dimensions examined in this study (i.e. collectivism, work identity and family identity) did influence the relationship between role demands and WFB experience, thus providing empirical evidence for the assumption in the literature that the relationship between role demand and work-family experience is moderated by cultural values. Most importantly, support was found for the proposition that these moderation effects vary between the Malay and Chinese ethnic groups. Moreover, this study also found evidence that Malays and Chinese differ significantly on collectivism and work identity cultural dimensions where Malays are found to be more collectivist than the Chinese, while work identity is stronger in the Chinese than in the Malays. There is no difference in the levels of family identity between the two groups. Of all the three moderators, work identity was deemed the most important because many of the supported hypotheses pertained to the work identity moderating effects. In contrast, family identity does not seem to have much moderating influence on role demand-WFB relationships, while the results for the collectivism moderator are mixed. As such, although not conclusive, it can be deduced that variations in the effects of role demand on work-family experience across ethnicity are a result of the groups’ cultural differences, thereby supporting the assumption in the literature.
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Ahmad, Tusawar Iftikhar. "The role of rural women in livestock management : socio-economic evidences from diverse geographical locations of Punjab (Pakistan)." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933784.
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In rural Punjab of Pakistan, women from small farm families have a huge role to play in realizing the potential that the country has in livestock sector to flourish. The study presents the current socio-economic condition of women livestock raisers, the extent and nature of their participation in livestock management activities, the impact of women's participation on their families' welfare, and the factors affecting their participation in livestock management activities. The type and size of the family, respondent's age, distant location of the village from the city, and the overall developmental status of the district had their impact on different aspects of rural women's status. At each of the three geographical levels, women respondent's participation level in livestock management activities was multiple of that of their husbands' level. Cultural norms, gendered division of labor, availability of family labor, and the physical condition of the participant were found more operative in determining the nature and level of participation of the family labor in livestock management activities. Participation of the family labor, various aspects of women's status, livestock related factors, and economic factors were the main causes identified as the factors affecting women's participation in livestock management activities. Improving women's role in livestock management and production is essential in improving overall family's health, education, income, and food security. The results signify the need for geographical targeting and the importance of using a gendered approach in the agricultural development programs.
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Al-Shaheen, Qutaiba E. "The role of integrated and diverse retailing in the production of social vitality : reshaping retailing in Kuwait city." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2636.
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The main objective of this research is to examine the role of social vitality in successful retailing centres and develop a comprehensive view of their built environment characteristics. The research then compares these findings with the characteristics of the problematic retailing in Kuwait City which has been undergoing a process of fragmentation and decay caused by the establishment of large scale out-of-town retail developments, urban sprawl and the move toward a single-land-use and car dominated city. The research has utilized various theoretical and empirical methodologies. The research has been informed by several theories and ideas drawn from different fields and disciplines such as urbanism, economics, planning and sociology. The empirical analysis draws on three case studies of successful city centres – Glasgow, York and Aleppo. It examines the role of retailing and the production of social vitality through the use of different methodologies such as space syntax analysis, stationary activity observation, active frontage analysis, visual environment evaluation and economic vitality analysis. It then relates this evidence to the failing centre of Kuwait City. This research has shown that a dense urban grid as well as an integrated network encourages movement. An urban environment that is easily read and understandable promotes walking and being in public. The research demonstrates that urban policies can and do create integrated and diverse retailing that provide the necessary conditions for social vitality. Based on the findings of this research, the success of retailing requires a central location, proximity of population, a strong tourism market, a high-quality urban environment and the existence of diverse retailing types.
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Cloud, Jaimie N. "Exploration of Cultural Differences and the Therapeutic Relationship: The Role of Art between Ethnically Diverse Therapists and Clients." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2013. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/31.
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This research examined the emergence of transference and countertransference within an interracial client-therapist relationship. The literature reviewed in this paper encompasses the different manifestations of transference and countertransference within the therapeutic space, cultural transference and countertransference, the way in which culture presents itself within the therapeutic environment, and the emergence of culture within the art psychotherapy relationship (in the case of this research, the focus was on areas of race and ethnicity as it pertains to culture). A case study approach was utilized with an 8-year-old Hispanic female and her family who received services from an African American art therapist. The findings indicate that [cultural] transference and countertransference are inevitable and should be closely monitored. The findings also suggest that art can serve as an effective tool for highlighting cultural factors. The research reinforced that cultural themes will naturally manifest as treatment progresses, and the dismissal of these cultural matters can result in negative consequences for the client, therapist, and the therapeutic relationship. This research also highlights the lack of attention given to culture within therapy, the need for more therapists to become trained in areas of culture to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse clientele, and for a greater sensitivity and attunement to cultural issues.
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Harbin, James Michael. "Countertransference reactions in a cross-racial dyad the role of therapist universal-diverse orientation and presentation of client strengths /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1528.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Barringer, Sondra Nicole. "Limitations on the Role of Stakeholders and the Diverse Effects of Market Conditions: College and University Finances, 1980-2010." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297061.
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In this dissertation I analyze the financial behaviors of public and private nonprofit higher education organizations in the U.S. from 1980 to 2010. The three analyses examine organizational change in the financial behaviors of these institutions and the effects of two sources of organizational interdependencies, stakeholder influence and competition, on college and university spending. I use a variety of quantitative methodological approaches to present evidence that highlights the need to integrate internal aspects of organizations including mission, internal decision making structures, and cross-subsidization practices into existing open system explanations of organizational behavior and change. Furthermore, empirical investigations of competition in two markets reveals the importance of understanding the market and resource context when evaluating the effects of market conditions, like competition, on organizational behaviors. The results from the analysis of organizational change demonstrate discontinuities in how two dimensions of financial behaviors--revenue and spending profiles--change over time, highlighting the loose coupling between these two dimensions and a discontinuity in how they change over time. The analysis of the economic influence of stakeholder groups reveals that their influence, while significant, weakens substantially between 1986 and 2010. The results also point out limitations of resource dependency and stakeholder theories of organizational behavior. These theories have limited explanatory power in the context of multi-revenue and multiproduct organizations, like colleges and universities, where cross-subsidization is utilized; unless a stakeholder is able to constrain how the funds are used within the higher education organizations. Results from Chapter 4 support my argument that competition alters the incentive structures that guide resource allocation decisions within higher education organizations. This analysis also showcases how the effects of competition and market conditions vary across sectors and markets, indicating a need for additional research on competition in multi-revenue and multiproduct organizations like colleges and universities.
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Walker, Kristin L., Jameson K. Hirsch, Edward C. Chang, and Elizabeth L. Jeglic. "Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicidal Behavior in a Diverse Sample: The Moderating Role of Social Problem-Solving Ability." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/844.
Full textAbstract:
Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior are prevalent in young adults, and often constitute a continuum of self-destructiveness. Not all those who self-injure, however, engage in suicidal behaviors with intent to die, perhaps due to protective intrapersonal characteristics. We examined the role of one such potential buffer, social problem-solving ability, as a moderator of the association between non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal thoughts and attempts, hypothesizing that individuals with greater social problem-solving ability would report fewer suicidal behaviors in relation to self-harm. An ethnically diverse sample was recruited from a large, Northeastern urban university, and completed self-report questionnaires assessing non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal behaviors, and social problem-solving ability. Multivariate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. For the entire sample, individuals with higher social problem-solving abilities reported fewer suicidal behaviors associated with non-suicidal self-injury. In ethnically stratified analyses, social problem-solving significantly moderated the relationship between self-injury and suicidal behaviors for Whites and Hispanics only. Promotion of problem-solving skills may weaken the linkage between self-injury and potential for future suicidal behaviors for some individuals; however, culture-specific differences in this effect may exist.
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Pilatte, Yannick. "Les Sialidases pulmonaires caractérisation, origines, rôles pathogéniques éventuels au cours de diverses pneumopathies humaines ou expérimentales /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608884c.
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Salem, Ahoo. "Different Diversities or Diverse Differences? Impacts of Social Capital- Exploring the role of social networks among Swedish students in Malmö." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22873.
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Following changes in patterns of international migration, Swedish migration policy has witnessed a discursive shift from an attitude of multiculturalism to a focus on individual and civic integration. However problems of ethnic segregation and socio-economic exclusion of immigrants remain a serious challenge, especially in metropolitan areas. This research aims to shed light on how different configurations of social capital impact civic interactions and trust between young immigrants and Swedish residents, thus contributing towards, or hindering, a successful achievement of the goal of integration. Semi-structured interviews with students from an ethnically mixed school in Malmö were employed to gain primary data on social interactions between the two groups. In order to take into account other factors that can influence the youths' attitudes and action (such as the parents' social structure), the research also provides insights into three municipal projects aimed at increasing integration. The findings point towards the existence of distinct and separate social networks among the students, based on characteristics that can be attributes of social exclusion on the first place. Thus resulting in a perception of ‘difference’ regarding certain immigrant groups. On the other hand while all the three projects seem to result in positive outcomes of social structures by diffusion of information, at the same time it still seems that the most segregated do not benefit from them. These results provide the basis for a better understanding of potential ways of increasing trust and mutual understanding amongst the city residents.
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Azevedo, Ana. "The role of individualism and collectivism as predictors of attributions for unethical work behavior : an empirical examination across two culturally diverse groups." FIU Digital Commons, 1997. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1353.
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This dissertation addresses how the cultural dimensions of individualism and collectivism affect the attributions people make for unethical behavior at work. The moderating effect of ethnicity is also examined by considering two culturally diverse groups: Hispanics and Anglos. The sample for this study is a group of business graduate students from two universities in the Southeast. A 20-minute survey was distributed to master's degree students at their classroom and later on returned to the researcher. Individualism and collectivism were operationalized as by a set of attitude items, while unethical work behavior was introduced in the form of hypothetical descriptions or scenarios. Data analysis employed multiple group confirmatory factor analysis for both independent and dependent variables, and subsequently multiple group LISREL models, in order to test predictions. Results confirmed the expected link between cultural variables and attribution responses, although the role of independent variables shifted, due to the moderating effect of ethnicity, and to the nuances of each particular situation.
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Wheeler, Keith Standiford. "Making the Significant Significant: A Discourse Analysis Examining the Teacher's Role in Negotiating Meaning of Text with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/120.
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This study reports data from a three-month discourse analysis of a fifth-grade teacher`s language used to negotiate meaning of text with linguistically and culturally diverse students. Specifically, I use Gee`s (2005) discourse analysis methodology to examine the teacher`s language-in-use for seven building tasks of language--significance, activities, identities, relationships, politics (the distribution of social goods), connections, and sign systems and knowledge--in a micro level analysis for eight teaching episodes covering reading and/or social studies instruction. In doing so, I conceptualize categories and subcategories of language use for each of the language building tasks. I find that the teacher used instructional language overwhelmingly to build significance (almost two-thirds of the coded data) and that in building significance the teacher used reproduction of meaning (including repetition, paraphrase, and citation), prosodic devices, questions, overt attention, life connection, and adjective labeling. In a macro level of analysis, I examine the content of the meanings the teacher negotiated, and find that situated meanings in her discourse often allude to issues of power that implicate a discourse model of a critical outlook on social studies and social issues that appear in social studies, reading and other texts. I end with a discussion of how these findings might be of practical use for educators and suggestions for future research.
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NIMALI, TOURIA. "Role des charbons actifs dans les reactions d'oxydation par le dioxygene : application a l'oxydation de divers acides carboxyliques." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066827.
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Pour repondre au normes imposees, la degradation de certains acides carboxyliques est une operation importante pour diverses industries. Une methode de degradation deja etudiee est fondee sur l'oxydation de ces molecules par des procedes electrochimiques. Cependant, les resultats de ces travaux ont montre que ces procedes sont parfois inexploitables ou bien engendrent des produits nocifs tels que le monoxyde de carbone. Dans le present travail, nous avons cherche a realiser l'oxydation des acides oxalique, formique et acetique par le dioxygene moleculaire en utilisant un charbon actif comme catalyseur. Initialement, les charbons actifs ont ete utilises simplement comme adsorbants en raison de leur faible cout. Les recherches se sont par la suite dirigees vers une meilleure exploitation des proprietes de surface, comme par exemple les proprietes catalytiques. Un resultat important du present travail utilisant le charbon actif cb506 (charbon issus de bois), est que la reaction engendre des produits consommables et non polluants et que le charbon actif utilise est facilement recyclable. Le processus est par consequent propre et sobre. D'un point de vue pratique ce mode de traitement est une operation simple a mettre en oeuvre et permet un assainissement efficace d'effluents contenant un melange d'acides carboxyliques. Une application industrielle de ce mode de traitement est possible.
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Matsuda, Sachiko. "The role of the global co-activator CREB-binding protein in transcription : a study of competitive interactions of diverse nuclear proteins with CBP." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29713.
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The recruitment of the histone acetyltransferases CREB binding protein (CBP) and its homologue p300, is necessary for chromatin modification and assembly of the Pre Initiation Complex (PIC) at many gene promoters. CBP has multiple protein binding domains and we have focused our studies on the Steroid Receptor Coactivator-1 (SRC1) Interaction Domain (SID) of CBP. A novel conserved sequence motif is described which facilitates the binding of these nuclear proteins such as p160 proteins, Ets2, E1A and p53 to the CBP SID. We have confirmed the interaction of Ets2 by GST pull down with CBP SID and we show that SRC1, Ets2 and E1A full length proteins compete with each other to bind to the SID in vitro. We also show that the short peptide encompassing the SRC1 AD1 sequence is indeed sufficient to compete with SRC1, Ets2, E1A12S and p53 full length proteins on SID. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the transcriptional activity of Ets2 is inhibited by E1A 12S, but not by E1A Delta2-36 (CBP binding site) mutant in vivo. This inhibition by E1A was rescued with overexpression of CBP but not CBPDeltaSID.;In AML, the MOZ-TIF2 fusion protein transforms bone marrow cells in vitro and causes leukaemia in animal model. I have conducted the ChIP analysis of the effects of MOZ-TIF2 on chromatin modification and co-activator recruitment at the RAR beta2 promoter. I have successfully established the ChIP analysis of the RARbeta2 promoter in U20s, and demonstrated that ATRA treatment induces recruitment of RARbeta, CBP, p300 and to the RARbeta2 promoter with concomitant of acetylation of histone H3 K9 and K14 residues. I also have shown that MOZ-TIF2 is recruited to the RARbeta2 promoter and this correlates with the loss of CBP and p300.