Relevant bibliographies by topics / Diverse Roles

Academic literature on the topic 'Diverse Roles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Diverse Roles"

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Kondo, Ayano, and Klaus H. Kaestner. "Emerging diverse roles of telocytes." Development 146, no. 14 (July 15, 2019): dev175018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.175018.

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Morishita, Hideaki, and Noboru Mizushima. "Diverse Cellular Roles of Autophagy." Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 35, no. 1 (October 6, 2019): 453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125300.

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Macroautophagy is an intracellular degradation system that delivers diverse cytoplasmic materials to lysosomes via autophagosomes. Recent advances have enabled identification of several selective autophagy substrates and receptors, greatly expanding our understanding of the cellular functions of autophagy. In this review, we describe the diverse cellular functions of macroautophagy, including its essential contribution to metabolic adaptation and cellular homeostasis. We also discuss emerging findings on the mechanisms and functions of various types of selective autophagy.
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Fejér, Eszter. "Bronze age sickles in diverse roles." Hungarian Archaeology 9, no. 4 (2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36338/ha.2020.4.1.

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Bronze sickles are among the most numerous types of artefacts discovered in Late Bronze Age assemblages in Europe, and they have been found in particularly large numbers in the Carpathian Basin. Since their form has barely changed during the last few thousand years and they are generally regarded as having a very ordinary function, for a long time they had failed to spark research interest. Nevertheless, detailed analysis of their find contexts and condition, as well as their comparison with historical, anthropological, and ethnographic observations reveal that they may have had diverse meanings, a greater significance than previously thought, and a special value for the people of the Bronze Age.
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Royall, Dawna. "Food unites dietitians in diverse roles." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2019-001.

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Miyamoto, Tetsuya, and Hubert Amrein. "Diverse roles for theDrosophilafructose sensor Gr43a." Fly 8, no. 1 (November 22, 2013): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/fly.27241.

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Lohan, Fiona, and Karen Keeshan. "The functionally diverse roles of tribbles." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 4 (July 18, 2013): 1096–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130105.

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Tribbles are members of the pseudokinase family of proteins, with no associated kinase activity detectable to date. As tribbles appear not to function as kinases, there has been debate surrounding their functional classification. Tribbles have been proposed to function as adaptor molecules facilitating degradation of their target proteins. Tribbles have also been proposed to mediate signalling changes to MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades and also to function as decoy kinases interfering with the activity of known kinases. The present review discusses the functionally divergent roles of tribbles as molecular adaptors mediating degradation, changes to signalling cascades and action as decoy kinases.
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Gurish, Michael F., and K. Frank Austen. "The Diverse Roles of Mast Cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 194, no. 1 (July 2, 2001): F1—F6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.194.1.f1.

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Pace, Nicholas J., and Eranthie Weerapana. "Diverse Functional Roles of Reactive Cysteines." ACS Chemical Biology 8, no. 2 (November 29, 2012): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cb3005269.

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Fu, Man Shun, and Rebecca A. Drummond. "The Diverse Roles of Monocytes in Cryptococcosis." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 3 (July 16, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6030111.

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Monocytes are considered to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells are key components for the control of infection, but paradoxically they can also contribute to detrimental host responses and may even support fungal proliferation and dissemination. Simultaneously, the C. neoformans polysaccharide capsule can impair the functions of monocytes. Although monocytes are often seen as simple precursor cells, they also function as independent immune effector cells. In this review, we summarize these monocyte-specific functions during cryptococcal infection and the influence of C. neoformans on monocyte responses. We also cover the most recent findings on the functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of monocytes and discuss how new advanced technologies provide a platform to address outstanding questions in the field.
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Ebeid, Michael, and Sung-Ho Huh. "FGF signaling: diverse roles during cochlear development." BMB Reports 50, no. 10 (October 31, 2017): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.10.164.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diverse Roles"

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Dykes, Ava Caudill. "Diverse roles of PKC[alpha] in vascular smooth muscle contraction." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=680.

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Theses (Ph. D.)--Marshall University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains xiii, 122 p. including illustrations. Bibliography: Chap.I. p.28-33; Chap. II. p. 82-86; Chap. III p.115-116.
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Li, Yaxiao. "Diverse roles of protein S-acyl transferases in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715280.

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S-acylation, commonly known as S-palmitoylation, is a reversible posttranslational lipid modification in which fatty acid, usually palmitic acid, covalently attaches to specific cysteine residues of proteins via thioester bonds. Palmitoylation enhances the hydrophobicity of proteins and contributes to their membrane association. It plays roles in protein trafficking, signalling, protein-protein interaction, protein stability and other important cellular functions. A family of Protein S-acyl Transferases (PATs) is responsible for this reaction. PATs are multi-pass transmembrane proteins that possess a catalytic Asp- His-His-Cys cysteine rich domain (DHHC-CRD) of ~50 amino acids. In Arabidopsis there are at least 24 such DHHC-CRD containing PAT proteins and they are named as AtPAT01 to AtPAT24. The function of only 2 AtPATs, AtPAT10 and AtPAT24 were studied in some detail, and a recent survey showed the ubiquitous expression pattern and different membrane localization habit of all 24 AtPATs. However, the biological function of the remaining 22 AtPATs in Arabidopsis was not reported when I started my project. Therefore, we carried out an initial screen of all the available T-DNA insertion lines of the 22 Arabidopsis PATs and identified transcriptional null mutants of 18 of the AtPATs. Among them, the k/o mutant plants of only 3 genes showed significantly altered phenotypes compared to wild-type Arabidopsis, and the mutants are named as atpat14, atpat21 and plp1(PAT-like Protein 1). This project aims to characterize these three putative PATs in details in terms of their PAT activities, catalytic domains, expression patterns, subcellular localizations and biological functions. AtPAT14 was proved as a PAT by yeast complementary and in vitro auto-acylation assays. Mutagenesis studies clearly demonstrated that the cysteine residue in the DHHCmotif is essential for the enzyme activity of AtPAT14. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing AtPAT14-GFP were observed and it was shown that AtPAT14 is predominantly localized at the Trans-Golgi. The phenotype was observed in both atpat14-1 and atpat14-2 mutant lines and this showed that the leaves of both lines were aging much faster than the WT. Analysis of the levels of different phytohormones revealed that the mutant leaves contained much higher salicylic acid (SA) than the WT. This coincided with the increased transcript levels of genes involved in SA biosynthesis and signalling. Therefore, AtPAT14 mediated protein S-acylation plays important roles in leaf senescence via the regulation of SA biosynthesis and signalling pathways. AtPAT21 was also confirmed as a PAT and the DHHC its functional domain by similar approaches as for AtPAT14. The plasma membrane (PM) localized AtPAT21 plays essential roles in both male and female gametogenesis. As such, loss-of-function by TDNA insertion in AtPAT21 leads to the plant being completely sterile. Therefore, AtPAT21-mediated S-acylation of proteins(s) plays important roles in the reproduction of Arabidopsis. AtPLP1 (PAT-like Protein 1) contains the signature DHHC-CRD. However, it does not rescue the growth defects of akr1, pfa3 and swf1, the 3 yeast PAT mutants used in enzyme activity assays of other known PATs from plant and animals. Further, the cysteine residue in the DHHC motif was not essential for the function of AtPLP1 as mutated variant containing serine in place of cysteine of the DHHC motif can still rescue the growth defects of atplp1-1. Seedling establishment of atplp1-1 was impaired without external carbon source. This is because the efficiency in converting the seed storage lipid to sugar in the mutant is much lower than WT due to the defective β-oxidation process involved in the degradation of free fatty acids released from lipid during post-germinative growth. In addition, atplp1-1 seedlings are also de-etiolated in the dark, and this was coincided with more cytokinin (CK) and less active gibberellin (GA) related pathway in the mutant. Other defects were also found in atplp1-1, such as hypersensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) and sugar during seed germination and abnormal shoot apical meristem (SAM) in older plants. Therefore, protein S-acyltransferases play distinct and diverse roles throughout the life cycle, from seed germination, seedling growth to seed production in Arabidopsis. This is most likely through the palmitoylation of an array of proteins they modify. Hence, our results provide vital clues for future studies on the molecular mechanism as to how AtPATs operate in plant.
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Picariello, Hannah Stubbs. "The Diverse Roles of Non-muscle Myosin II in Tumorigenesis." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1562680454131993.

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Cherukuri, Aravind. "The diverse roles of human B lymphocytes in renal transplantation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7753/.

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Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end stage renal disease. Despite the significant advances made over the last fifty years, one predicament that still perplexes the transplant community is late allograft loss. The two major contributing factors include the limitations with the clinical utility of various markers for early diagnosis and lack of appropriate therapy. This thesis deals with the issue of early diagnosis and tries to establish a link between the clinical, histological and immunological phenotype with a view to identify prognostic markers. Firstly, low-grade proteinuria is clinically analysed for its utility to predict graft outcomes. Secondly, a disjunction between the clinical and histological phenotype and more importantly the limited utility of the clinical phenotype to determine the prognosis for a troubled allograft in light of clinical dysfunction is considered. Thirdly, a novel definition of human B regulatory cells is proposed with a view to address the discrepancy in the current literature with regards to their identification. Fourthly, a link between the histological phenotype of late allograft dysfunction is correlated with the frequency and function of regulatory B cells. Here, the functional diversity of the B cells, specifically within a small sub-group of B regulatory cells in relation to histological abnormalities is considered. Finally, the phenotype and functionality of the Bregs are explored for their use as potential markers for allograft outcomes and the utility of a simple phenotype tested in a prospective sample of patients from a randomized controlled trial.
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Behzad, Hayedeh. "Diverse roles of the Bcl-2 family proteins in hemopoietic cell regulation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30719.

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In this thesis, the roles of Bcl-2 family proteins in hemopoietic cell regulation were investigated. We first examined the effects of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) dependent survival signalling pathways in cytokine dependent hemopoietic cells. Following cytokine withdrawal or PI3K inhibition, there was a loss of FOXO3A phosphorylation, resulting in increased expression of FasL and Fas at the cell surface. However, the Fas mediated signalling did not appear to be involved in apoptosis of cytokine dependent hemopoietic cells. These results support the belief that mitochondrial mediated signals through regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins may play the major role in hemopoietic cell apoptosis. Amongst the pro-survival Bcl-2 family members, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are assumed to have a redundant function. To explore the differential ability of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in protecting cells against apoptosis, we over-expressed these proteins in cytokine dependent hemopoietic cell line FDCP-1. Based on our results, Bcl-2 appears to be a more potent pro-survival protein than Bcl-xL against apoptosis induced by cytokine withdrawal. In addition to their localization at the mitochondria, Bcl-2 family members also localize at ER. To examine the physiological relevance of the membrane targeting of Bcl-xL, we used Rat-1 fibroblast cell lines over-expressing Bcl-xL mutants that were targeted to ER, mitochondrial outer membrane, or wild type Bcl-xL and showed that the ER targeted Bcl-xL was as effective or even more effective than the mitochondrial targeted or wild type Bcl-xL against certain cytotoxic stimuli. A number of studies have shown involvement of Bcl-2 family proteins in processes other than apoptosis. We explored a role of Mcl-1 in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage checkpoint response, and cellular differentiation and found an interaction between Mcl-1 and the cell cycle regulatory protein Cdk-1 in nuclear compartment. In addition, Mcl-1 was found to associate with the DNA damage checkpoint regulator, Chk-1, and the hallmark of DNA damage checkpoint response, phospho-histone H2AX. Mcl-1 level also increased in HL-60 cells upon induction of cellular differentiation by PMA. However, over-expression of Mcl-1 in these cells did not appear to enhance cellular differentiation. We, therefore, concluded that Mcl-1 might not play a prominent role in cellular differentiation.
Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Department of
Experimental Medicine, Division of
Graduate
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Balanis, Nikolas G. "DIVERSE ROLES FOR EGF RECEPTOR SIGNALING IN THE BREAST CANCER TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1371572946.

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Vickers, Caroline H. "Interactional accommodation and the construction of social roles among culturally diverse undergraduates." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290133.

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This study explores the interactional achievement of intersubjectivity between native speakers (NS) and nonnative speakers (NNS) of English engaged in high stakes teamwork. I term the interactional achievement of intersubjectivity Interactional Accommodation. In particular, this study examines how strategies that NSs and NNSs employ to interactionally accommodate are related to language proficiency, successful team outcomes, and to the construction of team hierarchy. The context of the study is the team meeting associated with a design course in the department of electrical and computer engineering (ECE) at an American university, a setting in which NSs and NNSs work together on teams throughout the year to design operable electronic devices. Data was collected during one year from seven teams and a total of 27 participants through participant observation, video and audio taping of team meetings, and participant playback sessions. Data analysis incorporated an integrated approach informed by a variety of discourse analytic approaches. Findings demonstrate that the ability of teammates to interactionally accommodate to each other is correlated with the team's success. However, NSs and NNSs tend to employ strategies with different frequencies and in qualitatively distinct ways. These differences become important to the development of team hierarchy because strategies that NSs and NNSs employ tend to allow NSs control over the interpretive frame, which contributes to the construction of NSs as higher status team members than NNSs. The ability to control the interpretive frame is related to language proficiency, but in some cases NNSs develop strategies that allow them to control the interpretive frame and gain high status.
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Hu, Jimmy Kuang-Hsien. "Diverse Roles of Cell Signaling during Early and Late Phases of Limb Development." Thesis, Harvard University, 2011. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10015.

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The development of the vertebrate limb is a progressive process characterized by initial induction and patterning, concomitant growth and morphogenesis, and subsequent cell differentiation and tissue formation. Many of these processes are regulated by specific signaling centers and the environment they create. Through both classical approaches and recent molecular studies, we are beginning to understand the roles of these signaling events during limb development. However, several questions still remain and need to be further addressed. In this dissertation, I first examine how signaling molecules regulate the proximal-distal (PD) patterning of the limb. We demonstrate that early limb mesenchyme is initially maintained in a state capable of generating all limb segments by a combination of proximal and distal signals. As the limb grows, the proximal limb is established by exposure to flank-derived signal(s), whereas the distal segments are determined by distal signals when cells grow beyond the proximal influence. Thus, these results support the “two signal model” and contradict the classical view of PD patterning by a clock-based system that was postulated in the “progress zone model”. In the second part of this work, I focus on a later developmental event and study the cell- and non-cell-autonomous function of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) during limb muscle formation. Muscle progenitor cells migrate from the lateral somites into the developing limb, where they undergo patterning and differentiation in response to local signals. We find that Shh patterns limb musculature non-cell-autonomously, acting through adjacent non-muscle mesenchyme. However, Shh functions cell-autonomously to maintain cell survival in the dermomyotome and promote slow muscle differentiation. Finally, Shh signaling is required cell-autonomously to maintain Net1 expression, which in turn regulates directional muscle cell migration in the distal limb. The dissertation ends with three appendices, describing separate studies: first, mechanisms of limb loss in snakes, second, the role of Hippo signaling in limb development, and lastly a collaborative work with Dr. Jérôme Gros on limb morphogenesis. Taken together, this dissertation provides a glimpse into the diverse roles of signaling pathways during various stages of vertebrate limb development.
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Tare, Rahul Shrikant. "Osteoblast stimulating factor (OSF-1) : a peptide with diverse roles in bone development." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250051.

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Ong, Tone Stephan. "The diverse roles of collapsin response mediator protein 4 in mitosis and nerve regeneration." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103462.

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Microtubule-actin interactions underlie a diverse number of biological processes including cell motility, neuronal outgrowth, cellular wound healing, cell division and cortical flow. CRMPs (Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins) are a family of cytosolic phosphoproteins that play roles in regulating both actin and microtubule dynamics. The roles of the CRMP family of proteins in regulating these cellular processes have only been partially described. Our lab has been particularly interested in the function of the CRMP4 isoform because of its unique ability to complex with RhoA, a master regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. In this thesis we explore the function of CRMP4 in two biological processes that are dependent on actin and microtubule dynamics: mitosis (Chapter 2) and axon regeneration (Chapter 3 and 4). In Chapter 2, we identify CRMP4 as an important regulator of mitotic chromosomal alignment. We show that CRMP4 localizes to spindle microtubules during mitosis and that loss of CRMP4 disrupts chromosomal alignment, mitotic progression and spindle morphology. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these processes are dependent on CRMP4 phosphorylation, which may be important for recruitment of additional proteins to the mitotic machinery. In Chapter 3, we investigate the ability of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding a CRMP4 antagonist C4RIP (CRMP4-RhoA inhibitory peptide) to enhance adult retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon regeneration in an in vivo preclinical optic nerve injury model. We describe the inability of AAV-C4RIP to promote RGC regeneration and discuss the likelihood that AAV-mediated expression levels of C4RIP may be insufficient to promote regeneration. In Chapter 4, we describe the development and validation of cell permeable recombinant C4RIP (TAT-C4RIP) and discuss our data testing the effects of TAT-C4RIP on regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Together, these studies identify CRMP4 as an important regulator of mitosis, and describe our ongoing studies testing the effects of a CRMP4 antagonist on nerve regeneration.
Les interactions entre l'actine et les microtubules sont sous-jacentes à divers processus biologiques incluant la motilité cellulaire, le guidage neuronal, la cicatrisation cellulaire, la division cellulaire et la circulation corticale. Les protéines CRMPs (Collapsin Response Mediator Protein) sont une famille de phosphoprotéines cytosoliques jouant un rôle dans la régulation de la dynamique de l'actine et des microtubules. Cependant, cette régulation du cytosquelette par les CRMPs n'a été que partiellement décrite. Notre laboratoire s'intéresse à la fonction de l'isoforme CRMP4 en raison de sa capacité unique d'interagir avec RhoA, un régulateur important du cytosquelette d'actine. Dans cette thèse, nous explorons la fonction de CRMP4 dans deux processus biologiques qui dépendent de la dynamique de l'actine et des microtubules: la mitose (chapitre 2) et la régénération des axones (chapitre 3 et 4). Dans le chapitre 2 sera présentée notre identification de CRMP4 en tant que régulateur important de l'alignement chromosomique durant la mitose. Nous démontrons que, pendant la mitose, CRMP4 se situe sur les fuseaux mitotiques formés de microtubules et que la perte de CRMP4 perturbe l'alignement chromosomique, la progression de la mitose et la morphologie des fuseaux. En outre, nous démontrons que ces processus sont dépendants de la phosphorylation de CRMP4. Ceci pourrait être crucial pour le recrutement de protéines supplémentaires nécessaire pour la mitose. Dans le chapitre 3, nous étudions la capacité d'un virus adéno-associé (AAV) codant pour l'antagoniste de CRMP4, nommé C4RIP (CRMP4-RhoA inhibitory peptide), de favoriser la régénération de l'axone de cellules ganglionnaires de la rétine (RGC) chez l'adulte. Pour cela, nous utilisons un modèle in vivo de traumatismes du nerf optique chez le rat adulte. Nous décrivons l'incapacité des virus AAV-C4RIP de favoriser la régénération des RGCs et discutons de la probabilité que les niveaux de AAV-C4RIP exprimés puissent être insuffisants afin de favoriser la régénération. Le chapitre 4, quant à lui, est consacré à la description du développement et de la validation de la protéine recombinante TAT-C4RIP qui a le potentiel de traverser la membrane cellulaire. Nous y discutons les données concernant les effets de TAT-C4RIP sur la régénération in vitro et in vivo. Dans l'ensemble, ces études caractérisent CRMP4 comme important régulateur de la mitose et décrivent une nouvelle méthode de purification pour des protéines perméables à la membrane cellulaire.
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Books on the topic "Diverse Roles"

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Shakibaei, Mehdi, Constanze Csaki, and Ali Mobasheri. Diverse Roles of Integrin Receptors in Articular Cartilage. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78771-6.

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Lea, Stewart, and Ting-Toomey Stella, eds. Communication, gender, and sex roles in diverse interaction contexts. Norwood, N.J: Ablex Pub. Corp., 1987.

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Fathers across cultures: The importance, roles, and diverse practices of dads. Santa Barbara: Praeger, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2015.

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Teaching on a tightrope: The diverse roles of a great teacher. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2010.

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Melo Figueiredo, Elisabete Maria, and Antonio Raschi, eds. Fertile Links? Connections between tourism activities, socioeconomic contexts and local development in European rural areas. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-389-2.

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In many European regions, rural areas are facing major challenges in economic and social terms, consequence of transformations in the role and meaning of agriculture. The loss of the productive character strongly contributed to the emergence of new roles and functions, particularly related to leisure and tourism. The book aims to discuss questions directly related to the connections between rural tourism and local socioeconomic contexts, presenting diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives and diff erent case studies from various European regions. The book addresses the relationships among rural tourism and the complex interactions, confl icts and innovative processes developing in rural territories as consequence of the implementation of tourism activities. The book responds to some relevant and not yet comprehensively researched aspects within this topic, especially in what extent tourism, in its various forms and processes, might give an important contribution to rural development.
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Iván, Degregori Carlos, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú., Red para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales en el Perú., and Universidad del Pacífico. Centro de Investigación., eds. No hay país más diverso: Compendio de antropología peruana. San Miguel, Lima, Perú: Red para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales en el Perú, 2000.

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Raguz, María. Construcciones sociales y psicológicas de mujer, hombre, femineidad, masculinidad y género en diversos grupos poblacionales. Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1995.

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Familia, género y violencia doméstica: Diversas experiencias de investigación social. La Habana, Cuba: Instituto Cubano Investigación Cultural Juan Marinello, 2012.

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Elena, Urrutia, and Colegio de México. Programa Interdisciplinario de Estudios de la Mujer., eds. Estudios sobre las mujeres y las relaciones de género en México: Aportes desde diversas disciplinas. México: El Colegio de México, Programa Interdisciplinario de Estudios de la Mujer, 2002.

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Norris, Nanette. Unionist popular culture and rolls of honour in the north of Ireland during the First World War and other diverse essays on popular culture. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Diverse Roles"

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Zuo, Jiping. "Diverse Roles, A Common Dilemma." In Work and Family in Urban China, 119–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55465-9_7.

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Cull, Nicole. "The Dynamic and Diverse Roles of Grandparents." In Rural Transformation and Newfoundland and Labrador Diaspora, 271–80. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-302-7_24.

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Sherry, Kate, Jennifer Creek, and Michael Allen. "Space-time, temporality and professional roles." In Theorising Occupational Therapy Practice in Diverse Settings, 41–60. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003016755-3.

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Neilands, J. B. "Siderophores: Diverse Roles in Microbial and Human Physiology." In Novartis Foundation Symposia, 107–24. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720325.ch6.

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Malakyan, Petros G., Tim Schlak, and Wenli Wang. "Diverse Personalities, Egos, Roles, and Relations: Toward Workplace Wellbeing." In The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being, 265–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30025-8_14.

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Ward, E. Sally, and Raimund J. Ober. "The Diverse Roles of FcRn: Implications for Antibody Engineering." In Therapeutic Proteins, 207–22. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527644827.ch11.

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Misonou, Hiroaki, and James S. Trimmer. "The Diverse Roles of K + Channels in Brain Ischemia." In New Strategies in Stroke Intervention, 211–24. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-280-3_12.

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Malakyan, Petros G., Tim Schlak, and Wenli Wang. "Diverse Personalities, Egos, Roles, and Relations: Toward Workplace Wellbeing." In The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being, 1–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02470-3_14-1.

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Zwaans, Bernadette M. M., William Giblin, and David B. Lombard. "Diverse Roles for SIRT6 in Mammalian Healthspan and Longevity." In Sirtuins, 149–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0962-8_7.

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Malakyan, Petros G., Tim Schlak, and Wenli Wang. "Diverse Personalities, Egos, Roles, and Relations: Toward Workplace Wellbeing." In The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being, 265–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30025-8_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Diverse Roles"

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Akubo, Mark, Meagan Sundstrom, and N. G. Holmes. "Exploring diverse students' negotiation of lab roles through positioning." In 2022 Physics Education Research Conference. American Association of Physics Teachers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/perc.2022.pr.akubo.

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Sun, Yao, Ann Majchrzak, and Arvind Malhotra. "Serial Integration, Real Innovation: Roles of Diverse Knowledge and Communicative Participation in Crowdsourcing." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2021.598.

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Yapa, Madhura M. "Experimental Demonstration of Diverse Roles of Skp1-Cullin1-F-box Complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1049095.

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Lauff, Carlye, Daria Kotys-Schwartz, and Mark E. Rentschler. "What is a Prototype?: Emergent Roles of Prototypes From Empirical Work in Three Diverse Companies." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67173.

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This paper explores the nature of prototypes from three diverse companies in the fields of consumer electronics, footwear, and medical devices. It is part of a larger qualitative research study developing a prototyping framework grounded in the emergent findings from practice and detailed inductive inquiry. In this paper, we describe the methods for setting up an appropriate research design, highlighting the conceptual framework, means for data collection and analysis, and validity. Then, we describe the emergent findings, introducing a modified definition of a prototype and the three roles of prototypes. This research is a contribution to the field of design theory and methodology by adding new knowledge about prototypes from companies. Prototyping is an essential part of product development, and yet it is one of the least formally explored areas of design. The significance of this work lies in its ability to gain insights into the role of prototyping in the natural work environment, which has not been holistically documented. By using diverse industries, we will build and test our framework across them all to ensure validity.
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Chaparadza, Ranganai, Tony Jokikyyny, Latif Ladid, Jianguo Ding, Arun Prakash, and Said Soulhi. "The diverse stakeholder roles to involve in standardization of emerging and future self-managing networks." In 2011 IEEE Globecom Workshops. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2011.6162522.

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Bendor, Jordan, Jesse Zamudio, Tyler Jacks, and Nadva Dimitrova. "Abstract PR02: The diverse roles of long noncoding RNAs in the p53 tumor suppressor pathway." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines; December 4-7, 2015; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.nonrna15-pr02.

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Eroglu, Ilgim, and Ozge Ceylan Esen. "A Research on Designer Roles in Industries." In Systems & Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3204.

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In this study, it was aimed to explore if roles of designers change in different industries. It was studied if expectancies from designers change according to industry they work. This study is linked with a prior study which investigated general expectancies from designers to get a hint about their work environment. In a prior study done by the authors, it was investigated if current tendencies about design have an effect on requirements from designers. It was found that companies asked for skills addressing capabilities for tasks like team management and process management. However, the effect of industries’ environment on requirements was not explored. In the scope of this study, 10 companies from 5 different industries with diverse characters were briefly interviewed to understand industry effect on requirements from designers. Industries included were shoe & bag, furniture accessories, jewellery, packaging and advertising & exhibition. A total of 50 companies were interviewed in this study. Companies were chosen among those 5 industries, each designing their own products. It was aimed to ask organizations their expectancies from designers, so each of these firms employ designers either regularly or project base. When results of the current study are investigated, it may be suggested that requirements from designers can change according to industries they work.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3204
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Blloshmi, Rexhina, Simone Conia, Rocco Tripodi, and Roberto Navigli. "Generating Senses and RoLes: An End-to-End Model for Dependency- and Span-based Semantic Role Labeling." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/521.

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Despite the recent great success of the sequence-to-sequence paradigm in Natural Language Processing, the majority of current studies in Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) still frame the problem as a sequence labeling task. In this paper we go against the flow and propose GSRL (Generating Senses and RoLes), the first sequence-to-sequence model for end-to-end SRL. Our approach benefits from recently-proposed decoder-side pretraining techniques to generate both sense and role labels for all the predicates in an input sentence at once, in an end-to-end fashion. Evaluated on standard gold benchmarks, GSRL achieves state-of-the-art results in both dependency- and span-based English SRL, proving empirically that our simple generation-based model can learn to produce complex predicate-argument structures. Finally, we propose a framework for evaluating the robustness of an SRL model in a variety of synthetic low-resource scenarios which can aid human annotators in the creation of better, more diverse, and more challenging gold datasets. We release GSRL at github.com/SapienzaNLP/gsrl.
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Ji, Lucheng, Jiang Chen, and Feng Lin. "Review and Understanding on Sweep in Axial Compressor Design." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68473.

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As a means of improving axial compressor performance, sweep technique has been investigated for over half a century and gained wide uses, in the past one decade. However, there is still diverse controversy about the roles of sweep in axial compressor design. In this paper, historical remarks about the sweep are presented firstly. Then, an understanding about the role of sweep is put forward. That is, the sweep is a degree of freedom (DOF) of blade design that emphasizes on matching the aerodynamic loading of every blade element along the whole span within the full operation range. The present understanding about the role of sweep may lead it a more sophisticated use.
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Häde, J. P., J. D. Drenckhahn, and C. Jux. "Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Embryonic and Neonatal Mouse Cardiomyocytes Suggests Diverse Roles of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Myocardial Stress Response." In 52nd Annual Meeting of the German Society for Pediatric Cardiology. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1705525.

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Reports on the topic "Diverse Roles"

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Zhao, Sophia. Overcoming Barriers to Women’s Leadership. Center for Creative Leadership, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.2020.2041.

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Mosquna, Assaf, and Sean Cutler. Systematic analyses of the roles of Solanum Lycopersicum ABA receptors in environmental stress and development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604266.bard.

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Drought and other abiotic stresses have major negative effects on agricultural productivity. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many responses to environmental stresses and can be used to improve crop performance under stress. ABA levels rise in response to diverse abiotic stresses to coordinate physiological and metabolic responses that help plants survive stressful environments. In all land plants, ABA receptors are responsible for initiating a signaling cascade that leads to stomata closure, growth arrest and large-scale changes in transcript levels required for stress tolerance. We wanted to test the meaning of root derived ABA signaling in drying soil on water balance. To this end we generated transgenic tomato lines in which ABA signaling is initiated by a synthetic agonist- mandipropamid. Initial study using a Series of grafting experiments indicate that that root ABA signaling has no effect on the immediate regulation of stomata aperture. Once concluded, these experiments will enable us to systematically dissect the physiological role of root-shoot interaction in maintaining the water balance in plants and provide new tools for targeted improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
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Mawassi, Munir, and Valerian Dolja. Role of RNA Silencing Suppression in the Pathogenicity and Host Specificity of the Grapevine Virus A. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592114.bard.

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RNA silencing is a defense mechanism that functions against virus infection and involves sequence-specific degradation of viral RNA. Diverse RNA and DNA viruses of plants encode RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs), which, in addition to their role in viral counterdefense, were implicated in the efficient accumulation of viral RNAs, virus transport, pathogenesis, and determination of the virus host range. Despite rapidly growing understanding of the mechanisms of RNA silencing suppression, systematic analysis of the roles played by diverse RSSs in virus biology and pathology is yet to be completed. Our research was aimed at conducting such analysis for two grapevine viruses, Grapevine virus A (GVA) and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 (GLRaV- 2). Our major achievements on the previous cycle of BARD funding are as follows. 1. GVA and GLRaV-2 were engineered into efficient gene expression and silencing vectors for grapevine. The efficient techniques for grapevine infection resulting in systemic expression or silencing of the recombinant genes were developed. Therefore, GVA and GLRaV-2 were rendered into powerful tools of grapevine virology and functional genomics. 2. The GVA and GLRaV-2 RSSs, p10 and p24, respectively, were identified, and their roles in viral pathogenesis were determined. In particular, we found that p10 functions in suppression and pathogenesis are genetically separable. 3. We revealed that p10 is a self-interactive protein that is targeted to the nucleus. In contrast, p24 mechanism involves binding small interfering RNAs in the cytoplasm. We have also demonstrated that p10 is relatively weak, whereas p24 is extremely strong enhancer of the viral agroinfection. 4. We found that, in addition to the dedicated RSSs, GVA and GLRaV-2 counterdefenses involve ORF1 product and leader proteases, respectively. 5. We have teamed up with Dr. Koonin and Dr. Falnes groups to study the evolution and function of the AlkB domain presents in GVA and many other plant viruses. It was demonstrated that viral AlkBs are RNA-specific demethylases thus providing critical support for the biological relevance of the novel process of AlkB-mediated RNA repair.
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Horwitz, Benjamin, and Barbara Gillian Turgeon. Secondary Metabolites, Stress, and Signaling: Roles and Regulation of Peptides Produced by Non-ribosomal Peptide Synthetases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696522.bard.

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Fungal pathogens of plants produce a diverse array of small molecules. Often referred to as secondary metabolites because they were thought to be dispensable for basic functions, they may indeed have central roles as signals for the fungal cell, and in interactions with the host. We have identified more than a dozen genes encoding nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NPS) in Cochliobolusheterostrophus, the agent of southern corn leaf blight. The aim of this project was to identify roles of these genes in stress responses and signaling. The first objective was to test a complete collection of C. heterostrophus nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-encoding gene deletion mutant and wildtype (WT) strains for sensitivity to various agents of oxidative (ROS) and nitrosative (RNOS) stress, in vitro. The second objective and next step in this part of the project was to study the relevance of sensitivity to ROS and RNOS in the host pathogen interaction, by measuring the production of ROS and RNOS in planta, when plants are inoculated with wild type and mutant strains. A third objective was to study expression of any genes shown to be involved in sensitivity to ROS or RNOS, in vitro and in planta. Another objective was to determine if any of the genes involved in oxidative or nitrosative stress responses are regulated by components of signal transduction pathways (STP) that we have identified and to determine where mechanisms overlap. Study of the collection of nps mutants identified phenotypes relevant for virulence, development and oxidative stress resistance for two of the genes, NPS2 and NPS6. Mutants in genes related to RNOS stress have no virulence phenotypes, while some of those related to ROS stress have reduced virulence as well as developmental phenotypes, so we focused primarily on ROS stress pathways. Furthermore, the identification of NPS2 and NPS6 as encoding for NRPS responsible for siderophore biosynthesis lent a new focus to the project, regulation by Fe. We have not yet developed good methods to image ROS in planta and work in this direction is continuing. We found that NPS6 expression is repressed by Fe, responding over the physiological Fe concentration range. Studying our collection of mutants, we found that conserved MAPK and G protein signal transduction pathways are dispensable for Fe regulation of NPS6, and initiated work to identify other pathways. The transcription factor SreA is one candidate, and is responsible for part, but not all, of the control of NPS6 expression. The results of this project show that the pathogen contends with oxidative stress through several signaling pathways. Loss of the siderophore produced by Nps6 makes the fungus sensitive to oxidative stress, and decreases virulence, suggesting a central role of the ability to sequester and take up extracellular iron in the host-pathogen interaction. Siderophores, and manipulation of Fe levels, could be targets for new strategies to deal with fungal pathogens of maize and other plants.
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Donnelly, Phoebe, and Boglarka Bozsogi. Agitators and Pacifiers: Women in Community-based Armed Groups in Kenya. RESOLVE Network, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.4.

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This research report is a case study of women’s participation in community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Kenya. It examines: the diversity of women’s motivations to participate in community-based armed groups in Kenya; women’s roles and agency within community-based armed groups, communal conflicts, as well as community security and peacebuilding structures; and gender dynamics in conflict ecosystems, including social perceptions about women’s engagement in conflict. This case study contributes to the literature on women and CBAGs by examining the variations in their engagement across a single country, based on diverse local contexts. Data collection sites for the study included 1) the capital city, Nairobi; 2) Isiolo County; 3) Marsabit County; 4) Mombasa County; and 5) Bungoma County. Together, these sites provide insight into local conflict dynamics in rural and urban areas; on country borders and on the coast; and in communities with ethnic polarization, land conflicts, criminal gangs, and histories of violent extremism and secessionist movements. The Kenyan research team employed a qualitative approach to data collection through key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and the use of secondary source data. The findings show that there is no single template for understanding women’s engagement with CBAGs; instead, women’s motivations and roles within these groups are varied and highly contextual, just as with the motivations and roles of men. This study demonstrates the utility of context-specific analyses at the sub-national level to capture the range of women’s participation in and engagement with CBAGs and their greater contributions to the local security landscape.
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Delmer, Deborah P., and Prem S. Chourey. The Importance of the Enzyme Sucrose Synthase for Cell Wall Synthesis in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568771.bard.

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The goal of this work was to understand the role of the enzyme sucrose synthase (SuSy) in synthesis of cellulose and callose in plants. The work resulting from the this grant leads to a number of conclusions. SuSy clearly plays diverse roles in carbon metabolism. It can associate with the plasma membrane of cells undergoing rapid cellulose deposition, such as cotton fibers, developing maize endosperm, gravistimulated pulvini, and transfer cells of the cotton seed. It is also concentrated at sites of high callose deposition (tapetal cells; cell plates). When SuSy levels are lowered by mutation or by anti-sense technology, cell walls undergo degeneration (maize endosperm) and show reduced levels of cellulose (potato tubers). In sum, our evidence has very much strengthened the concept that SuSy does function in the plasma membrane to channel carbon from sucrose via UDP-glucose to glucan synthase complexes. Soluble SuSy also clearly plays a role in providing carbon for starch synthesis and respiration. Surprisingly, we found that the cotton seed is one unique case where SuSy apparently does not play a role in starch synthesis. Current evidence in sum suggests that no specific SuSy gene encodes the membrane-associated form, although in maize the SS 1 form of SuSy may be most important for cell wall synthesis in the early stages of endosperm development. Work is still in progress to determine what does control membrane localization - and the current evidence we have favors a role for Ca2+, and possibly also protein phosphorylation by differentially regulated protein kinases. Finally, we have discovered for the first time, a major new family of genes that encode the catalytic subunit of the cellulose synthase of plants - a result that has been widely cited and opens many new approaches for the study of this important plant function.
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Friedman, Haya, Julia Vrebalov, and James Giovannoni. Elucidating the ripening signaling pathway in banana for improved fruit quality, shelf-life and food security. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594401.bard.

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Background : Banana being a monocot and having distinct peel and pulp tissues is unique among the fleshy fruits and hence can provide a more comprehensive understanding of fruit ripening. Our previous research which translated ripening discoveries from tomato, led to the identification of six banana fruit-associated MADS-box genes, and we confirmed the positive role of MaMADS1/2 in banana ripening. The overall goal was to further elucidate the banana ripening signaling pathway as mediated by MADS-boxtranscriptional regulators. Specific objectives were: 1) characterize transcriptional profiles and quality of MaMADS1/2 repressed fruit; 2) reveal the role of additional MaMADSgenes in ripening; 3) develop a model of fruit MaMADS-box mode of action; and 4) isolate new components of the banana ripening signaling pathway. Major conclusion: The functions of the banana MaMADS1-5 have been examined by complimenting the rinor the TAGL1-suppressed lines of tomato. Only MaMADS5 exhibited partial complementation of TAGL1-suppressed and rinlines, suggesting that while similar genes play corresponding roles in ripening, evolutionary divergence makes heterologous complementation studies challenging. Nevertheless, the partial complementation of tomato TAGL1-surpessed and rinlines with MaMADS5 suggests this gene is likely an important ripening regulator in banana, worthy of further study. RNA-seqtranscriptome analysis during ripening was performed on WT and MaMADS2-suppressed lines revealing additional candidate genes contributing to ripening control mechanisms. In summary, we discovered 39 MaMADS-box genes in addition to homologues of CNR, NOR and HB-1 expressed in banana fruits, and which were shown in tomato to play necessary roles in ripening. For most of these genes the expression in peel and pulp was similar. However, a number of key genes were differentially expressed between these tissues indicating that the regulatory components which are active in peel and pulp include both common and tissue-specific regulatory systems, a distinction as compared to the more uniform tomato fruit pericarp. Because plant hormones are well documented to affect fruit ripening, the expressions of genes within the auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic and ethylene signal transduction and synthesis pathways were targeted in our transcriptome analysis. Genes’ expression associated with these pathways generally declined during normal ripening in both peel and pulp, excluding cytokinin and ethylene, and this decline was delayed in MaMADS2-suppressed banana lines. Hence, we suggest that normal MaMADS2 activity promotes the observed downward expression within these non-ethylene pathways (especially in the pulp), thus enabling ripening progression. In contrast, the expressions of ACSand ACOof the ethylene biosynthesis pathway increase in peel and pulp during ripening and are delayed/inhibited in the transgenic bananas, explaining the reduced ethylene production of MaMADS2-suppressed lines. Inferred by the different genes’ expression in peel and pulp of the gibberellins, salicylic acid and cytokinins pathways, it is suggested that hormonal regulation in these tissues is diverse. These results provide important insights into possible avenues of ripening control in the diverse fruit tissues of banana which was not previously revealed in other ripening systems. As such, our transcriptome analysis of WT and ripening delayed banana mutants provides a starting point for further characterization of ripening. In this study we also developed novel evidence that the cytoskeleton may have a positive role in ripening as components of this pathway were down-regulated by MaMADS2 suppression. The mode of cytoskeleton involvement in fruit ripening remains unclear but presents a novel new frontier in ripening investigations. In summary, this project yielded functional understanding of the role and mode of action of MaMADS2 during ripening, pointing to both induction of ethylene and suppression of non-ethylene hormonal singling pathways. Furthermore, our data suggest important roles for cytoskeleton components and MaMADS5 in the overall banana ripening control network. Implications: The project revealed new molecular components/genes involved in banana ripening and refines our understanding of ripening responses in the peel and pulp tissues of this important species. This information is novel as compared to that derived from the more uniform carpel tissues of other highly studied ripening systems including tomato and grape. The work provides specific target genes for potential modification through genetic engineering or for exploration of useful genetic diversity in traditional breeding. The results from the project might point toward improved methods or new treatments to improve banana fruit storage and quality.
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Soler, Hosanna R., and David F. Sly. Breast Cancer Protective Behaviors Among Low-Income, Ethnically Diverse Women: The Role of Biopsychosocial Factors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada414401.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. The role of biofortification as part of more diverse diets in Africa: Progress, challenges, and opportunities. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896295933_07.

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Braun, Lindsay, Jesus Barajas, Bumsoo Lee, Rebecca Martin, Rafsun Mashraky, Shubhangi Rathor, and Manika Shrivastava. Construction of Pedestrian Infrastructure along Transit Corridors. Illinois Center for Transportation, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-004.

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The availability and quality of pedestrian infrastructure play key roles in enabling access to transit. Many transit operators face challenges in facilitating this access, however, because they lack land use authority and encounter other institutional and programmatic impediments to effecting changes in the pedestrian environment. This report identifies the barriers to pedestrian access to transit in suburban communities located in the Pace Suburban Bus service area in northeastern Illinois and suggests potential solutions to overcome these barriers. The research team led several activities to collect data, including: conducting an academic literature review; reviewing pedestrian plans, policies, and programs in the region; surveying and interviewing key stakeholders; reviewing pedestrian funding sources; surveying and conducting case studies of peer transit agencies; conducting physical audits of pedestrian infrastructure; and interviewing residents of six municipalities about their transit access experiences. Lack of adequate funding, difficulties planning across jurisdictional boundaries, and conflicts in transportation priorities are major impediments to building pedestrian infrastructure. While planners and decision-makers tend to value pedestrian planning, challenges such as funding constraints and the need to retrofit suburban infrastructure are key barriers to implementation. Peer transit agencies face similar barriers to Pace and use strategies such as plan and policy development, diverse funding opportunities, and collaborative partnerships with stakeholder agencies and advocacy groups to overcome these barriers. Transit riders generally reported positive experiences with pedestrian access to transit in their communities. Many locations had robust infrastructure, but common deficiencies included poor sidewalk connectivity, incomplete crossings, lack of lighting and transit shelters, and deficiencies in Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) infrastructure. A suite of policy recommendations for Pace and other partners that focus on planning, policy, funding, interagency coordination, education and training, infrastructure prioritization, and transit amenities address the full range of physical and institutional barriers identified in the research.
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