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Academic literature on the topic 'Dive behaviour'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Dive behaviour"

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Heide-JøRgensen, M. P., and R. Dietz. "Some characteristics of narwhal, Monodon monoceros, diving behaviour in Baffin Bay." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 2120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-249.

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Dive data were collected from nine narwhals, Monodon monoceros, instrumented with satellite-linked dive recorders in northwest Greenland in August–September 1993 and 1994. Data were collected for periods ranging from a few weeks to 9 months. The narwhals made daily dives to depths of more than 500 m and frequently dived to 1000 m or more. However, most of the time spent below the surface was in the water column at depths of between 8 and 52 m. For two males that were tracked from September through November the maximum dive depth increased steadily through time. There were no consistent differences in the duration of dives or the number of dives to depths > 8 m during four 6-h periods that were monitored. There were significant differences in dive rates (number of dives per hour) between the large males, the small male, and the females. More than half of the dives lasted less than 5 min and few lasted more than 20 min. These relatively short dive times suggest that narwhals do not exceed their aerobic dive limit. The average time spent in the upper 5 m of the water column was 39.3% (SD = 13.5%; n = 632) for seven whales combined. Speed of vertical movements increased significantly from 1 m∙s−1 for 100-m dives to more than 2 m∙s−1 for dives deeper than 900 m. A female accompanied by a calf had dive parameters and surfacing times that were identical with those of the other females.
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Gales, N. J., and R. H. Mattlin. "Summer diving behaviour of lactating New Zealand sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 1695–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-796.

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The diving behaviour of 14 female New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) was recorded during early lactation in January and February 1995 on the Auckland Islands, New Zealand. During 73 trips to sea, 19 720 dives were recorded. The average duration of a foraging cycle was 2.9 days (range 1.4–4.8 days), of which 1.7 days (57%) (range 1.1–3.4 days) were spent at sea and 1.2 days (43%) (range 0.8–2.3 days) ashore. At sea the sea lions dived almost continuously at a rate of 7.5 dives/h and spent a mean of 45% of the time submerged (≥ 2 m). Dive behaviour varied among individuals but showed no diel pattern overall. The dive depth for all dives ≥ 6 m was 123 ± 87 m (mean ± SD) (median 124 m, maximum 474 m) and ranged among individuals from 79 ± 85 to 187 ± 166 m. About half of the dives were in the 101- to 180-m range. The duration of all dives was 3.9 ± 1.8 min (median 4.33 min, maximum 11.3 min); about half (51%) of the dive durations were between 4 and 6 min. Surface interval was 4.5 ± 15.8 min (median 1.9 min). Almost half (44%) of all dives exceeded the calculated aerobic dive limit of each sea lion (range 16–73% for individuals). Most dive profiles were flat bottomed and, we believe, are to the benthos. A mean of 51.5% of all dive time was spent in the deepest 85% of the dive. Prey remains found during this study were primarily of benthic and demersal organisms. Phocarctos hookeri is the deepest and longest diving of any of the otariids recorded to date. We suggest that the dive behaviour may reflect either successful physiological adaptation to exploiting benthic prey and (or) a marginal foraging environment in which diving behaviour is close to physiological limits.
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McCafferty, D. J., I. L. Boyd, and R. I. Taylor. "Diving behaviour of Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-219.

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The diving behaviour of Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups on Bird Island, South Georgia (54°S, 38°W), was examined during February-April 1996 using capillary-tube depth gauges (CDGs) and time-depth recorders (TDRs). CDGs were deployed on 6 female and 10 male pups aged 65-101 days. Depths measured by CDGs were within 10% of maximum depths recorded by TDRs. Maximum dive depths averaged 13.8 m and ranged from 4.2 to 28.1 m. Body length alone accounted for 66% of the total variation in maximum dive depth. TDRs were deployed on one female and two male pups aged 89-101 days. In total, 4858 dives were recorded during 173 h at sea. The average dive depth and duration was 4.2 m and 20 s, respectively. Pups made a total of 34 trips and each spent 50% of its time at sea. Not all trips included dives; however, when diving took place trips lasted, on average, 6.8 h and contained 214 dives, most of which took place during daylight. Dives were made at a frequency of 30/h and the vertical distance dived was 124 m · h-1. The number of dives, percentage of time spent submerged, percentage of time spent diving, dive frequency, and dive rate were positively correlated with trip duration. These results show that Antarctic fur seal pups develop diving skills at an early age, and by the time they are close to being weaned they have the diving ability to exploit prey similar to those taken by adults.
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Cox, S. L., P. I. Miller, C. B. Embling, K. L. Scales, A. W. J. Bicknell, P. J. Hosegood, G. Morgan, S. N. Ingram, and S. C. Votier. "Seabird diving behaviour reveals the functional significance of shelf-sea fronts as foraging hotspots." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 9 (September 2016): 160317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160317.

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Oceanic fronts are key habitats for a diverse range of marine predators, yet how they influence fine-scale foraging behaviour is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the dive behaviour of northern gannets Morus bassanus in relation to shelf-sea fronts. We GPS (global positioning system) tracked 53 breeding birds and examined the relationship between 1901 foraging dives (from time-depth recorders) and thermal fronts (identified via Earth Observation composite front mapping) in the Celtic Sea, Northeast Atlantic. We (i) used a habitat-use availability analysis to determine whether gannets preferentially dived at fronts, and (ii) compared dive characteristics in relation to fronts to investigate the functional significance of these oceanographic features. We found that relationships between gannet dive probabilities and fronts varied by frontal metric and sex. While both sexes were more likely to dive in the presence of seasonally persistent fronts, links to more ephemeral features were less clear. Here, males were positively correlated with distance to front and cross-front gradient strength, with the reverse for females. Both sexes performed two dive strategies: shallow V-shaped plunge dives with little or no active swim phase (92% of dives) and deeper U-shaped dives with an active pursuit phase of at least 3 s (8% of dives). When foraging around fronts, gannets were half as likely to engage in U-shaped dives compared with V-shaped dives, independent of sex. Moreover, V-shaped dive durations were significantly shortened around fronts. These behavioural responses support the assertion that fronts are important foraging habitats for marine predators, and suggest a possible mechanistic link between the two in terms of dive behaviour. This research also emphasizes the importance of cross-disciplinary research when attempting to understand marine ecosystems.
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Miller, Patrick James O’Malley, Ari Daniel Shapiro, and Volker Bernt Deecke. "The diving behaviour of mammal-eating killer whales (Orcinus orca): variations with ecological not physiological factors." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 11 (November 2010): 1103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-080.

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Mammal-eating killer whales ( Orcinus orca (L., 1758)) are a rare example of social predators that hunt together in groups of sexually dimorphic adults and juveniles with diverse physiological diving capacities. Day–night ecological differences should also affect diving as their prey show diel variation in activity and mammal-eating killer whales do not rely on echolocation for prey detection. Our objective was to explore the extent to which physiological aerobic capacities versus ecological factors shape the diving behaviour of this breath-hold diver. We used suction-cup-attached depth recorders (Dtags) to record 7608 dives of 11 animals in southeast Alaska. Analysis of dive sequences revealed a strong bout structure in both dive depth and duration. Day–night comparisons revealed reduced rates of deep dives, longer shallow dives, and shallower long-duration dives at night. In contrast, dive variables did not differ by age–sex class. Estimates of the aerobic dive limit (cADL) suggest that juveniles exceeded their cADL during as much as 15% of long dives, whereas adult males and females never exceeded their cADL. Mammal-eating killer whales in this area appear to employ a strategy of physiological compromise, with smaller group members diving nearer their physiological limits and large-bodied males scaling down their physiological performance.
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Werner, Rodolfo, and Claudio Campagna. "Diving behaviour of lactating southern sea lions (Otaria flavescens) in Patagonia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-232.

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The diving behaviour of six lactating female southern sea lions (Otaria flavescens) was recorded during 52.4 animal-days at sea. Information was obtained from 18 057 dives. Females spent 52.7 ± 6.2% of the time at sea diving. Median and maximum dive depths ranged from 19 to 62 and from 97 to 175 m, respectively. Dives were short, with median and maximum durations ranging from 2.1 to 3.2 and from 4.4 to 7.7 min, respectively. Dives deeper than 10 m represented 56 – 89% of total dives and involved 93 – 97% of total diving time. Mean dive depth and duration of dives greater than 10 m were 61 m and 3 min, respectively. Most of these dives (69%) had a flat-bottomed U-shaped profile, bottom time constituting about half of the dive duration. Shallow dives, with a modal depth of 2 m, were short (median duration 0.1 –0.8 min), with virtually no time spent at the bottom of the dive. During trips to sea, which ranged from less than 1 day to more than 4 days, females dove continuously. Mean dive frequency was between 11 and 19 per hour. Surface intervals were short (median 0.9–1.2 min) and there was no apparent diel variation in dive depth or frequency. The estimated aerobic dive limit of the females was exceeded on only a few dives (0.7 – 6.2%). Transit to potential foraging areas took 0.2–8.3 h.
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Mattlin, R. H., N. J. Gales, and D. P. Costa. "Seasonal dive behaviour of lactating New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-187.

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The dive behaviour of 18 female New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) from Taumaka, Open Bay Islands, New Zealand (43°52'S, 168°53'E), was recorded during early (summer; December-February), mid (autumn; March-May), and late (winter; June-August) lactation. Mean dive depth, dive duration, and bottom time for dives >=6 m in depth increased from summer through winter. Variation in individual seal dive behaviour within a season accounted for approximately 11, 9, and 11% of the observed difference between seasons in dive depth, dive duration, and bottom time, respectively. Seasonal dive data (mean ± 1 SD) were as follows: summer: dive depth 30 ± 37 m, dive duration 1.4 ± 1.1 min, and bottom time 0.5 ± 0.6 min; autumn: dive depth 54 ± 47 m, dive duration 2.4 ± 1.3 min, and bottom time 1.0 ± 0.8 min; winter: dive depth 74 ± 64 m, dive duration 2.9 ± 1.5 min, and bottom time 1.2 ± 1.1 min. Maximum recorded dive depth was 274 m for a 5.67-min dive in autumn. Maximum duration was 11.17 min for a dive to 237+ m in winter. New Zealand fur seals are the deepest diving fur seal species reported thus far. The estimated theoretical aerobic dive limit was exceeded on 18.4% of dives (range of individual values 0.2-57.8%). Females (n = 12) were ashore about 1.8 days at a time during February through November, and this increased to about 4.3 days during December and January. Average time spent away from the rookery ranged from 3 to 15 days.
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Shearer, Jeanne M., Nicola J. Quick, William R. Cioffi, Robin W. Baird, Daniel L. Webster, Heather J. Foley, Zachary T. Swaim, Danielle M. Waples, Joel T. Bell, and Andrew J. Read. "Diving behaviour of Cuvier's beaked whales ( Ziphius cavirostris ) off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 2 (February 2019): 181728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181728.

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Cuvier's beaked whales exhibit exceptionally long and deep foraging dives. The species is little studied due to their deep-water, offshore distribution and limited time spent at the surface. We used LIMPET satellite tags to study the diving behaviour of Cuvier's beaked whales off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina from 2014 to 2016. We deployed 11 tags, recording 3242 h of behaviour data, encompassing 5926 dives. Dive types were highly bimodal; deep dives (greater than 800 m, n = 1408) had a median depth of 1456 m and median duration of 58.9 min; shallow dives (50–800 m, n = 4518) were to median depths of 280 m with a median duration of 18.7 min. Most surface intervals were very short (median 2.2 min), but all animals occasionally performed extended surface intervals. We found no diel differences in dive depth or the percentage of time spent deep diving, but whales spent significantly more time near the surface at night. Other populations of this species exhibit similar dive patterns, but with regional differences in depth, duration and inter-dive intervals. Satellite-linked tags allow for the collection of long periods of dive records, including the occurrence of anomalous behaviours, bringing new insights into the lives of these deep divers.
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Germonpré, Peter, Paul Van der Eecken, Elke Van Renterghem, Faye-Lisa Germonpré, and Costantino Balestra. "First impressions: Use of the Azoth Systems O’Dive subclavian bubble monitor on a liveaboard dive vessel." Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 50, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28920/dhm50.4.405-412.

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Germonpré P, Van der Eecken P, Van Renterghem E, Germonpré F-L, Balestra C. First impressions: Use of the Azoth Systems O’Dive subclavian bubble monitor on a liveaboard dive vessel. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. 2020 December 20;50(4):405–412. doi: 10.28920/dhm50.4.405-412. PMID: 33325023.) Introduction: The Azoth Systems O’Dive bubble monitor is marketed at recreational and professional divers as a tool to improve personal diving decompression safety. We report the use of this tool during a 12-day dive trip aboard a liveaboard vessel. Methods: Six divers were consistently monitored according to the user manual of the O’Dive system. Data were synchronised with the Azoth server whenever possible (depending on cell phone data signal). Information regarding ease of use, diver acceptance and influence on dive behaviour were recorded. Results: In total, 157 dives were completely monitored over 11 diving days. Formal evaluations were only available after six days because of internet connection problems. Sixty-one dives resulted in the detection of bubbles, mostly in one diver, none of which produced any symptoms of decompression illness. Conclusions: The O’Dive system may contribute to increasing dive safety by making divers immediately aware of the potential consequences of certain types of diving behaviour. It was noted that bubble monitoring either reinforced divers in their safe diving habits or incited them to modify their dive planning. Whether this is a lasting effect is not known.
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Baechler, J., C. A. Beck, and W. D. Bowen. "Dive shapes reveal temporal changes in the foraging behaviour of different age and sex classes of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 1569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-150.

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Classifying dives into two-dimensional shapes based on time and depth is an attempt to extract additional information about the behaviour of aquatic air-breathing predators. In some species, there is considerable circumstantial evidence that different dive shapes represent different behaviours. However, few studies have provided direct evidence of the relationship between dive shape and function. We classified over 283 000 dives of adults (31 males and 45 females) and suckling (13) and recently weaned (15) harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) pups into seven shapes using supervised discriminant function analysis. Changes in the percentage of U-shaped dives over time within adults and weaned pups were associated with changes in food intake derived from water-flux studies on subsets of the same individuals. The changes in the percentage of U-shaped dives were accompanied by roughly reciprocal changes in V-shaped dives, whereas there was little change in other dive shapes, indicating that V-shaped dives are not generally exhibited during foraging. Video of adult males (from an animal-borne video system) also showed that there was a strong but not exclusive association between foraging and U-shaped dives. Our results indicate that changes in the percentage of U-shaped dives may serve as a reasonable index of changes in foraging behaviour. However, behaviours of suckling pups and adult males during the breeding season cannot be easily inferred from dive shape alone.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dive behaviour"

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Stone, Laurence Paul. "The development of dive behaviour in the family phalacrocoracidae." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312417.

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Watt, Cortney. "Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) diet and dive behaviour as an assessment of foraging adaptability with changing climate." Ecosphere, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30138.

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Narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are sentinel species in the Arctic environment and are a vital component for Inuit culture and subsistence. The Arctic is undergoing rapid changes in temperature and sea ice cover and relatively little is known about how this has and will change narwhal foraging behaviour. There are three narwhal populations in the world, the Baffin Bay (BB), Northern Hudson Bay (NHB), and East Greenland (EG) populations; however, foraging behaviour, in terms of dive behaviour and primary dietary components, has really only been investigated in the BB population. Using a combination of stable isotopes, fatty acids, genetic techniques, and satellite tracking technologies I evaluated foraging behaviour in all three of the world’s narwhal populations. I also investigated social structure in the BB population to determine how adaptable narwhals are to a changing and dynamic Arctic environment. Stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and fatty acids are chemical signatures in the tissues of an organism that can provide long-term information on their diet over varying temporal scales depending upon the tissue. Stable isotope analysis in the three narwhal populations found they forage on different primary prey, suggesting narwhal are adaptable in their preferred prey and that there is potential for them to adjust foraging behavior in the face of changing climate. Dietary changes were also assessed over three decades to determine how sea ice changes have affected narwhal foraging for the NHB and BB populations. Dietary changes were evident and can be attributed to changes in sea ice patterns and an altered migratory pathway for narwhals. An understanding of narwhal social structure is also needed to determine how behaviourally flexible narwhal are in diet and site fidelity. Genetic relatedness and dietary signatures from fatty acids were assessed for an entrapped group to determine if individuals that are closely related forage together, which would support a matrilineally driven social structure where females teach their young foraging strategies, and/or travel and forage together. I found no evidence that narwhals form a matrilineal social group, but they may display a fission-fusion structure, which may be an adaptation to patchy prey distribution in the Arctic. Finally, narwhal dive behaviour in all three populations was investigated to determine if dive behaviour could be used to predict diet. Dive differences among populations did correspond with differences in diet, suggesting that narwhals employ specialized foraging strategies. This has repercussions for their ability to adapt to ecosystem changes. Overall, narwhals may be more flexible in terms of their foraging behaviour than previously believed. However, an increased resilience to changing food webs will not be the only predictor of how narwhals will fare in the face of a changing climate; how they respond to increased industrial activities in their preferred habitats, increased predation from southern predators, and increased competition from southern cetaceans and humans alike, will play an equally large role in how they cope with the future.
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Liu, Kenwin. "Modelling the physiology, behaviour and ecology of dive foraging seabirds : determining the availability of prey and predicting the pelagic distribution of the common guillemot Uria aalge in Moray Firth." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248595.

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A mathematical but mechanistic model is presented that is based upon the simplified physiology and feeding ecology of an individual dive foraging animal. In previous theoretical studies of dive foraging behaviour, models assumed dive foraging animals dive optimally based on oxygen as the sole state variable, thus ignoring other likely important physiological factors that are related to the instantaneous energetic requirements of the diving animal. The physiological mechanistic dive foraging model presented includes the additional state variables, namely food (in the gut) and the body mass of the diving animal, for which the oxygen is ultimately required to burn for energy. The physiological model was parameterised for the Common Guillemot Uria aalge, although it may also be applied to other dive foraging animals. Various output parameters are possible from the model, and these were generated from computer simulations to investigate the merits of optimal diving behaviour. The physiological dive foraging model was also used to estimate possible feeding rates of Guillemots from fisheries data made available, which were recorded during winter 1997, in the Moray Firth. These were then used in further computer simulations of the dive foraging model and the various possible output parameters obtained from the model were subsequently used as habitat suitability indices in a novel application of the Ideal Free Distribution, to generate predicted maps of Guillemot distribution, which were tested against the actual concurrently recorded distribution of Guillemots in the Moray Firth. The potential value of the physiological dive foraging model, its limitations and where it, or how its predictions, may further improve, are also discussed. It is hoped that the model will eventually provide an invaluable tool for industrial fisheries, and even wider marine ecosystem management.
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Jouma'a, Joffrey. "Stratégies d'acquisition des ressources en proies et coût du transport chez l'éléphant de mer austral." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS014/document.

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L’océan austral est un écosystème fragile dont la dynamique est influencée par des variations climatiques qui vont structurer la distribution spatio-temporelle des ressources. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les stratégies d’acquisition des ressources en proies mises en place par l’éléphant de mer austral face aux contraintes énergétiques (coûts du transport et coûts d’accès à la ressource) et temporelles (temps passé au fond d’une plongée et limite de plongée aérobie) auxquelles il est soumis. L’utilisation d’un ensemble d’enregistreurs de données déployés sur ces animaux a permis de reconstruire en trois dimensions leur plongée, mais également de calculer leur effort de nage, le nombre de proies rencontrées ainsi que leur dépense énergétique. Notre étude montre qu’à l’échelle d’une plongée, les éléphants de mer adaptent leur trajectoire, mais également le temps qu’ils passent au fond, en fonction du nombre de proies rencontrées. Pour des densités locales de proie importantes, ils passent plus de temps au fond, et concentrent leur recherche en zone restreinte, caractérisée par une diminution de la vitesse et une augmentation de la sinuosité horizontale. Au-delà de 550 m, le coût d’accès aux ressources devient supérieur aux coûts d’acquisition ; ils doivent alors faire face à un compromis entre l’accessibilité et la disponibilité en proies. À mesure qu’ils s’alimentent, ces phoques augmentent leur flottabilité, diminuant de surcroît leur dépense énergétique. Cette étude démontre également une structuration spatio-temporelle de cette dépense énergétique qui semble être liée au succès d’alimentation et donc à la distribution des ressources en proies
The Southern Ocean is a fragile ecosystem whose dynamics are influenced by climate change that will structure the spatio-temporal distribution of resources. The objective of this PhD was to investigate the foraging strategies used by the southern elephant seal, under energetic (cost of transport and costs of access to the resource) and temporal (time at the bottom of a dive and aerobic dive limit) constraints. Using a set of animal-borne data loggers allowed us to reconstruct their three-dimensional path underwater, but also to calculate their swimming effort, the number of prey encountered and their energy expenditure. At the dive level, our study shows that elephant seals adapt their path, but also the time spent at the bottom, depending on the number of prey encountered. For high local prey density, they spent more time at the bottom, and concentrated their foraging effort in areas restricted search, characterized by a decrease in speed and an increase in horizontal sinuosity. Beyond 550 m, the cost of access to resources becomes greater than the cost of acquisition ; they must therefore deal with a trade-off between prey accessibility and availability. While feeding, these seals increase their buoyancy, reducing furthermore their energy expenditure. This study also shows a spatio-temporal structure of the energy expenditure that appears to be related to feeding success and therefore to prey resources distribution
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Weitzner, Emma. "The Development of Diving Capabilities in Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) Pups Throughout Early Ontogeny." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2046.

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Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) are among the deepest diving pinnipeds (i.e., seals, sea lions, and walrus) and one of the best studied marine mammals in the world; as such, these seals are considered a model species for the study of diving physiology and behavior. Adult Weddell seal dive physiology is rather comprehensively understood, yet previous research has excluded an examination of pups’ initial independent diving attempts, beginning instead with the diving capabilities of near-weaning individuals at four to five weeks of age. This is beyond the point many pups have attempted their first independent dives; pups begin to enter the water at 8-10 days after birth, with some observed in the water earlier. The aim of this study was to investigate the development of diving capabilities and fine-scale behaviors of Weddell seal pups beginning at one week of age throughout their dependence period. Pups were sampled longitudinally at 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks of age. Total body oxygen stores (TBO2, mL O2) were calculated as the sum of blood, muscle, and lung oxygen stores for each seal at all time points. Blood samples were collected under sedation, muscle oxygen parameters were interpolated, and lung oxygen content was extrapolated from adult values. Flipper-mounted time-depth recorders were used to collect concurrent dive behavior data. In chapter 1, I hypothesized that diving capability (TBO2) would be more strongly correlated with dive experience than calendar age; to examine this, age, mass, and diving parameters were correlated with oxygen stores. I instead found mass and age were most significantly correlated with individual tissue oxygen stores and TBO2. I predicted diving experience would be an important driver of oxygen storage development due to hypoxia exposure, but pups spent the majority of their time in the water at the surface and had little to no exposure to hypoxia during dependence. Increases in mass may enable early advances in diving ability, and with increased diving capabilities, pups will be able to become successful independent foragers. Later exposure to hypoxia may be the key to the subsequent increases in TBO2 observed in yearlings and juveniles. In chapter 2, I used TDR data to predict when pups would be in the water based on developmental, temporal, and environmental factors including age, weaning status, time of day, and weather parameters. Pups spent the most time in the water and made their deepest, longest, and most frequent dives during the late night and early morning hours. These data indicate pups are following the diving patterns of their mothers, which follow the diurnal vertical migration of their prey. The data also suggest Weddell seal pups most likely prioritize learning to swim and navigate as opposed to practicing foraging while still dependent. It is critical for pups to develop their swimming, navigational, and diving abilities while they are still with their moms to ensure their survival. This study is the first to describe the complete trajectory of the development of diving physiology and behavior in Weddell seal pups throughout dependence. It is important to understand how the internal diving physiology of Weddell seal pups develops because this directly determines their diving capabilities and their ability to forage successfully, which in turn directly correlates with their survival. Pup survival is an indicator of population growth rates, so the development of diving physiology in pups can lend insights into larger population-level trends.
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Häggström-Nordin, Elisabeth. "Worlds apart? : sexual behaviour, contraceptive use, and pornography consumption among young women and men /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Uppsala, 2005. http://www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument?urn_nbn_se_uu_diva-4779-2__fulltext.pdf.

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Hammel, Rebecca, and Matilda Klasson. "How can customer behavior be changed in order to increase sales of organic products." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169534.

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During the last few years, awareness of environmental- and health related problems have grown dramatically. An area that has a contributed to these concerns are the food industry. It has affected the demand of greener products such as organic food, which aims to be healthier and better for the environment. Although there are different views on the exact benefits of organic food, it is considered to have a general positive effect on its surroundings. However, organic food has been costly, both for farmers and consumers, which has created an imbalance in supply and demand for organic products. Even if the sales of organic food has increased, the consumption is not enough for prices to decrease. It has also been found that people claim to buy that they buy organic to a higher extent than they actually do. Therefore this thesis focus on understanding how sales of organic food can be increased further, by identifying existing customer values and brand knowledge about organic products, in order to use the findings to improve problem areas and change buying behavior. The result is based on several research methods, although the greatest part comes from empirical tests examine the research questions derived from earlier research and interviews. The tests main focus was to investigate perceptions about price sensitivity, the effect of place and promotion, and finally the effect of clarifying the concept of organic food through arguments on the packages. The main conclusion is that the greatest opportunity to change consumer behavior towards buying more organic products is held by the retailers. The majority of all decisions are made in store, which is why the greatest change to influence consumer behavior is located there. Down- and upstream activities are recommended depending on the customer’s readiness to change purchase behaviors into new once. However, further studies of the arguments actual impact on sales are proposed to be further studied, and has been left out due to the limited scope of the tests and the possibility to measure it. Also, further research on to what extent the customer is willing to let the retail chains take decisions for them is proposed.
Under de senaste åren har medvetenheten om miljö- och hälsorelaterade problem ökat dramatiskt. Ett område som har bidragit till denna oro är livsmedelsindustrin. Detta har påverkat efterfrågan på miljövänliga produkter som ekologiska livsmedel, vars syfte är att främja hälsa och miljö. Även om det finns olika uppfattningar om de exakta fördelarna med ekologisk anses det i allmänhet ha positiva effekter på omgivningen. Ekologiska livsmedel är dock kostsamt, både för jordbrukare och konsumenter, vilket har skapat en obalans i utbud och efterfrågan. Även om försäljningen har ökat, är konsumtionen inte tillräcklig för att priset ska minska. Det har också visat sig att människor ofta utger sig för att köpa ekologiska produkter i högre grad än vad de faktiskt gör. Därför avser denna studie att analysera hur försäljningen av ekologiska livsmedel kan öka ytterligare genom att identifiera befintliga kundvärderingar och varumärkes kunskap om ekologiska produkter för sedan använda resultaten till att förbättra problemområden och förändra köpbeteendet. Resultatet bygger på flera forskningsmetoder, även om den största delen kommer från empiriska tester som undersöker forskningsfrågor skapade utifrån tidigare litteraturen på området samt intervjuer. Testernas huvudfokus var att pröva uppfattningar om priskänslighet, effekten av produktplacering och uppmärkning, samt effekten av förtydligande argument av ekologiska produkters innebörd. Den viktigaste slutsatsen av denna studie är att den största möjligheten att ändra konsumenternas beteende till att köpa mer ekologiska produkter innehas av återförsäljarna. Majoriteten av alla beslut fattas i butiken, vilket gör att de har störst möjlighet att påverka. Ned- och uppströms aktiviteter rekommenderas beroende på kundens benägenhet att ändra beteende. Det krävs dock ytterligare studier på argumentens inverkan på försäljningen Ytterligare forskning om hur villig kunden är att låta butikskedjorna fatta beslut åt dem rekommenderas.
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Stewardson, Carolyn Louise, and carolyn stewardson@anu edu au. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030124.162757.

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[For the Abstract, please see the PDF files below, namely "front.pdf"] CONTENTS. Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Gross and microscopic visceral anatomy of the male Cape fur seal with reference to organ size and growth. Chapter 3 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part one, external body. Chapter 4 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part two, skull. Chapter 5 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part three, baculum. Chapter 6 Suture age as an indicator of physiological age in the male Cape fur seal. Chapter 7 Sexual dimorphism in the adult Cape fur seal: standard body length and skull morphology. Chapter 8 Reproduction in the male Cape fur seal: age at puberty and annual cycle of the testis. Chapter 9 Diet and foraging behaviour of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 10(a) The Impact of the fur seal industry on the distribution and abundance of Cape fur seals. Chapter 10(b) South African Airforce wildlife rescue: Cape fur seal pups washed from Black Rocks, Algoa Bay, during heavy seas, December 1976. Chapter 11(a) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part one, trawl fishing. Chapter 11(b) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part two, squid jigging and line fishing. Chapter 11(c) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part three, entanglement in man-made debris. Chapter 12 Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni & Zn) and organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, DDT, DDE & DDD) in the blubber of Cape fur seals. Chapter 13 Endoparasites of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 14(a) Preliminary investigations of shark predation on Cape fur seals. Chapter 14(b) Aggressive behaviour of an adult male Cape fur seal towards a great white shark Carcharodon carcharias. Chapter 15 Conclusions and future directions.
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Burger, Paul Andries. "Die aankoopgedrag van voedselprodusente met die aankoop van trekkers / Burger Paul Andries." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7316.

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Buying behaviour is a complex, wide– ranging field, intricately associated with human mental processes, responding to environmental stimuli. Understanding the customer and being able to predict their behaviour, is of prime importance to all marketers and marketing strategists for two reasons: Firstly because, the overall strategy of the company has to be clearly reflected in the marketing strategy for any meaningful progress. Secondly, to be able to adjust or adapt the marketing effort to changing marketing conditions. The focus of this study is to research the buying behaviour of farmers through the marketing mix paradigm. Although slightly contentious in terms of recent theories and field of application, the dichotomous nature of farmers buying behaviour and the characteristics of the purchase makes this theory a good fit for the circumstances. The marketing mix theory focuses on the controllable external stimuli which reinforces the practical application of this study. The buying behaviour of farmers was researched by asking farmers to evaluate the importance of a statement related to an element of the marketing mix theory by telephonic interview. The answers of the farmers were analysed using various statistical methods and the following salient results were obtained: All the elements of the marketing mix theory are important to farmers when deciding on buying a new tractor. The less experienced farmers rated all the elements of the marketing mix as more important than more experienced farmers. There was a definitive subset of farmers for whom the more changeable part of the marketing mix, price and promotion, had a definite impact on their decision. Price and promotion did not correlate with farmers who viewed the product of high importance. Other results indicated that the farmers in the test sample bought a new tractor every 2.3 years with 54% of farmers buying a new tractor in the past year. The frequency with which farmers buy new tractors shows the importance of the market. The finding that the elements of the marketing mix theory are important to farmers was expected and could serve as an incentive for future research. The marketing mix theory is viewed as highly applicable in this case, due to its relative simplicity and the focus on the more controllable stimuli on the farmer. It was also found that for a significant subset of farmers the more modifiable elements had a definitive impact on their decision when buying a tractor. This offers an opportunity to marketers willing to respond to changing uncontrollable conditions to influence buying decisions in the short term.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Aygen, Mert. "Die Stress And Friction Behaviour Analysis In Bolt Forming." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607910/index.pdf.

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In cold forming operations, tool geometry has a direct influence on the product quality, forming force, load acting on dies and tool life. Finite element method provides a means to analyse these parameters to predict forming defects and die failures. In this study, shrink fitting the components of a bolt forming die is modelled and the finite element results are compared with the analytical solutions and experiments. In order to perform die stress analyses, deformable die models are implemented in the forging simulations. Furthermore, effect of using rigid and deformable dies on the stress distributions in the tools, forming force and product dimensions are examined. Some applications of tool geometry improvements and optimization of prestressing are presented in the case studies. In the second part of the study, the appropriate friction model for the cold forming operation of bolts is investigated. For this purpose, ring compression and forward rod extrusion tests are conducted. Dimensional variations and deformation forces are compared with the finite element simulations performed for different friction models and constants. The results of shrink fit analyses of die prestressing are in good agreement with the elasticity formulations and real applications. In the studied bolt production cases, after improving the die stress distributions by using FE simulations, longer tool lives are achieved. Finally, for more accurate results, Coulomb friction model is determined as an appropiate model for bolt forming analyses.
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Books on the topic "Dive behaviour"

1

Richard, P. R. Study of summer and fall movements and dive behaviour of Beaufort Sea Belugas, using satellite telemetry: 1992-1995. Calgary: Environmental Studies Research Fund, 1997.

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Dolphin dive. New York: Scholastic, 2014.

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Shṿarts, Yoʼel ben Aharon. Ṿe-hayah maḥanekha ḳadosh: Dine maḳom naḳi le-ʻinyan tefilah ṿe-divre Torah ; Ṿe-lo yeraʼeh bekha ʻerṿat davar : dine isur amirat divre ḳedushah le-mul devarim she-enam tsenuʻim : ṿe-isur amirat davar shebi-ḳedushah ka-asher ha-adam eno lavush. Yerushalayim: Devar Yerushalayim, 1994.

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Ian, Stewart. Does God play dice?: The mathematics of chaos. Cambridge, Mass., USA: Basil Blackwell, 1990.

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ill, Madden Colleen M., ed. Diva Duck travels the world. Minneapolis, Minn: Magic Wagon, 2012.

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Buckman, Rob. Que faut-il dire? Montréal: Québécor, 1989.

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1948-, Huffman Alan, and Davis Joseph 1958-, eds. Language: Communication and human behavior : the linguistic essays of William Diver. Leiden: Brill, 2011.

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Dire emotions and lethal behaviors: Eclipse of the life instinct. London: Routledge, 2008.

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Diving with sharks and other adventure dives. Lincolnwood, Ill: Passport Books, 2001.

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Jack, Jackson. Diving with sharks and other adventure dives. London: New Holland, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dive behaviour"

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Kuenkel, Petra. "Setting the Scene: How to Connect with a World as an Interconnected Whole." In Transformation Literacy, 17–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93254-1_2.

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AbstractThis chapter offers a conceptual deep dive into the complex field of mindset shifts as prerequisite for regenerative civilizations and a driver of transformations. The chapter explores why a global shift in mindsets is a necessary condition for accelerating proactive and collective behaviour change, and how this could happen. It suggests that mindsets are both place-based and global. They emerge from culture and traditions and are at the same time heavily influenced by global exchange and communication. The stories about how the world works, how reality emerges and how people can co-create futures give rise to narratives of possibilities—the key leverage points for transformation literacy. The chapter identifies three noticeable trends which have implications for transformation literacy. The first trend is a deeper understanding of co-evolution which refers to the world’s complex relationality in dynamic co-evolutionary patterns. The second trend is the emerging theme of a relational quality of life that refers to the interaction of social, political and natural systems. The third trend is the emerging realization of the need for stewardship referring to a caring role in future-making. The chapter concludes with an overview of the different authors’ chapters and how they relate to the emerging trends.
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Sheftall, Arielle H., and Rhonda C. Boyd. "Black Youth Suicidal Behavior: What We Know and Where We Go from Here." In SpringerBriefs in Psychology, 107–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06127-1_12.

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AbstractResearch concerning Black youth suicide and suicidal behavior is limited, yet the rates of these behaviors continue to rise in this population of youth. In children, 5–12 years, Black youth are two times more likely to die by suicide than their White peers, and suicide attempts among Black adolescents have increased by 73%. Understanding the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior in Black youth is imperative to create prevention efforts for Black youth. This chapter will discuss what is known concerning the topic of Black youth suicidal behavior and provide research, practice, and policy recommendations.
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Dieckmann, Friedrich. "Der Beitrag der ökologischen Psychologie für die Teilhabeforschung." In Beiträge zur Teilhabeforschung, 145–62. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38305-3_8.

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ZusammenfassungEine psychologische Analyse von Teilhabe, die das relationale Konzept von Behinderung ernst nimmt und Veränderungswissen generieren will, bedarf theoretischer Konzepte, die das Zusammenspiel von sozial-physischer Umwelt und Person in Handlungskontexten abbilden. Ökologisch-psychologische Ansätze wie das Behavior Setting-Konzept von Roger Barker können hier einen Beitrag leisten. Das Potenzial des Behavior Setting-Konzepts für die Teilhabeforschung wird in drei Bereichen ausgelotet: inklusive Gestaltung von Settings, dyadisches Handeln eines Menschen mit Beeinträchtigung und einer Assistenzperson, Förderung von Begegnungen und Bekanntschaften im Sozialraum.
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Lüdemann, Christian. "Die Theory of Planned Behavior." In Rationalität und Umweltverhalten, 43–95. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-08905-6_5.

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Spreer, Philipp. "Behavior Patterns für die Kundenbindungsphase." In PsyConversion®, 265–85. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32255-7_6.

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Spreer, Philipp. "Behavior Patterns für die Entscheidungsfindungsphase." In PsyConversion®, 89–264. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32255-7_5.

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Spreer, Philipp. "Behavior Patterns für die Wahrnehmungsphase." In PsyConversion®, 37–87. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32255-7_4.

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Bund, Andreas, Melanie Eckelt, Georges Steffgen, and Djenna Hutmacher. "Gesundheit, die aus der Bewegung kommt: Wie körperlich aktiv sind Jugendliche in Luxemburg?" In Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit im Jugendalter, 299–322. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35744-3_14.

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ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung ausreichender und regelmäßiger Bewegung für die Gesundheit von Jugendlichen ist weitgehend unstrittig und in vielen Studien belegt. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) empfiehlt, dass sich Jugendliche täglich mindestens 60 min moderat bis intensiv bewegen. In den wohlhabenden Industrieländern erreicht aber nur jeder fünfte Jugendliche diese Vorgabe. Das Forschungsprojekt „Physical Activity Behaviour of Children and Youth in Luxembourg: The Role of Physical Education“ (PALUX) hat zum Ziel, die körperliche Aktivität von Jugendlichen in Luxemburg und deren Motivation zu erfassen. Dazu wird neben einem Fragebogen mit der Akzelerometrie erstmals eine objektive Messmethode eingesetzt. Die in zwei Wellen erhobenen Daten von knapp 1700 (Fragebogen) bzw. 150 (Akzelerometrie) Jugendlichen im Alter von 10 bis 20 Jahren zeigen, dass sich auch die Jugendlichen in Luxemburg zu wenig bewegen. Nur 41 % der Jungen und 12 % der Mädchen erreichen die Empfehlung der WHO. Etwa zwei Drittel der körperlichen Aktivität findet in der Freizeit der Jugendlichen statt, ein Drittel entfällt auf die Schulzeit sowie den Sportunterricht. Im Fragebogen geben fast alle Jugendlichen deutlich mehr Bewegungsaktivitäten an als mittels Akzelerometrie aufgezeichnet wird. Die Motivation zur körperlichen Aktivität wird von einem auf den anderen Kontext übertragen; die Förderung intrinsischer Motivation im Sportunterricht hat demnach auch einen positiven Effekt auf die Freizeitaktivitäten der Jugendlichen. Schule, Sportunterricht, aber auch kommunale Strukturen spielen deshalb eine zentrale Rolle, wenn es um die Förderung von Sport- und Bewegungsaktivitäten von Jugendlichen geht.
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Evensen, Geir, Femke C. Vossepoel, and Peter Jan van Leeuwen. "3Dvar and SC-4DVar for the Lorenz 63 Model." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment, 157–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96709-3_16.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we study the workings of 3DVar and SC-4DVar on the same chaotic Lorenz 1963 system as used with ensemble methods in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-96709-3_15. We will apply both 3DVar and SC-4DVar sequentially over multiple data-assimilation windows, and we will demonstrate the difference between the filter solution obtained by 3DVar and the recursive SC-4DVar smoother solution. We will also dive deeper into the behavior of the SC-4DVar with highly nonlinear- and chaotic dynamics and try to understand more of the method’s properties and possible limitations in these cases. After studying the 3DVar and 4DVar methods, we compare them with the ensemble methods used in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-96709-3_15.
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da Silva, Mário Luiz Nunes, and Sérgio Tonini Button. "Numerical Simulation of Cross Wedge Rolling: Influence of Die Geometry, Process Conditions and Inclusion Content of Two Steels on the Formation of Internal Defects." In Materials with Complex Behaviour II, 141–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22700-4_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dive behaviour"

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Mall, Suneeta, Patrick C. Brennan, and Claudia R. Mello-Thoms. "A deep (learning) dive into visual search behaviour of breast radiologists." In Image Perception, Observer Performance, and Technology Assessment, edited by Robert M. Nishikawa and Frank W. Samuelson. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2293366.

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Terada, Susumu, Tatsuo Nishihara, and Tomohiro Suzuki. "Comparison on Mechanical Behavior of Bolted Flanges Per Old and New Section VIII Division 2." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57248.

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The allowable stress for 2.25Cr 1Mo 0.25V steel per ASME Section VIII Div.2 2007 edition (hereinafter called New Div2) becomes higher than that per old Div.2. Therefore the thickness of flange can be thinner than that per old Div.2. The internal fluid leakage is main concern as well as stress level especially for large size flanges per New Div.2. In this paper the analysis method using axi-symmetric model are investigated and the numerical analyses using axi-symmetric models for two types of flange design are performed in order to compare the flange rotation, gasket contact stress and stress level of flange and bolts. The contact stress of New Div.2 flange was lower than that of Old Div.2 flange totally. However the maximum gasket contact stress of New Div.2 flange which occurred at outer edge of the gasket is almost same as that of Old Div.2. Therefore it is expected that the sealing performance of flange connections per both Old Div.2 and New Div.2 is almost same.
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Sikandar, Usama Bin, and Abubakr Muhammad. "Modeling and simulation of surface-and-dive behavior of a bottlenose dolphin." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2013.6739726.

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Lin, Guojian, Balakumar Balachandran, and Eyad H. Abed. "Bifurcation Behavior of a Supercavitating Vehicle." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14052.

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In this effort, a numerical study of the bifurcation behavior of a supercavitating vehicle is conducted. The nonsmoothness of this system is due to the planing force acting on the vehicle. With a focus on dive-plane dynamics, bifurcations with respect to a quasi-static variation of the cavitation number are studied. The system is found to exhibit rich and complex dynamics including nonsmooth bifurcations such as the grazing bifurcation and smooth bifurcations such as Hopf bifurcations, cyclic-fold bifurcations, and period-doubling bifurcations, chaotic attractors, transient chaotic motions, and crises. The tailslap phenomenon of the supercavitating vehicle is identified as a consequence of the Hopf bifurcation followed by a grazing event. It is shown that the occurrence of these bifurcations can be delayed or triggered earlier by using dynamic linear feedback control aided by washout filters.
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Albright, Darryl L., and Terje Kr Aune. "Stress Relaxation Behavior of Die Casting Alloys." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/910412.

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Phoemsapthawee, Surasak, Marc Le Boulluec, Jean-Marc Laurens, and Franc¸ois Deniset. "Numerical Study on Hydrodynamic Behavior of an Underwater Glider." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49670.

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Underwater gliders are AUVs used in ocean exploration and observation. They use small changes in their buoyancy to dive and to return to the ocean surface. During the change of altitude, they use the hydrodynamic forces developed by their wings to move forward. Their flights are controlled by changing the position of their centers of gravity and their buoyancy to adjust their trim and their heel angles. For better flight control, the understanding of the hydrodynamic behavior and the flight mechanics of the underwater glider is necessary. A 6-DOF motion simulator is coupled with a BEM code for this purpose. In some specific cases, the numerical study demonstrates that an inappropriate stabilizer dimension can cause a counter-steering behavior. The simulator can be used to improve the automatic flight control. It can also be used for the hydrodynamic design optimization of the devices.
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Darroudi, Mostafa, Hojat Ghassemi, and Mahmoud Akbari Baseri. "Densification Behavior of Metal Powder Under Uniaxial Cold Compaction." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24562.

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Metal powder compaction is a quite important process in Powder Metallurgy (PM) industry and it is widely applied in the manufacturing of key components in different fields. During metal powder compaction, the solid volume fraction changes and many mechanical characteristics become different. The Finite Element simulation provides a flexible and efficient approach for the researches of this process and its complicated mechanical behaviors. In this paper, several 2D finite element spherical powder compaction models are generated. Different particle arrangements are build up and different friction coefficients are set to the inter-particle contacts and die wall contact for a certain arrangement. The Von Mises yield surface with isotropic hardening plasticity model is applied in the simulation and the displacement controlled load is used to compress the structure up to 25% of die height. Results show that the die wall friction increases compaction pressure but inter-particle friction has negligible effect.
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Nguyen, Vincent, Balakumar Balachandran, and Abraham N. Varghese. "Supercavitating Vehicle Dynamics With Non-Cylindrical, Non-Symmetric Cavities." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41978.

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Dive-plane dynamics of supercavitating vehicles show highly nonlinear behavior. This is attributed to the vehicle/cavity wall interaction, and the cavity shape has been recognized to play an important role in the system dynamics. To date, supercavitating models make use of constant cylindrical cavities. In this work, a dive-plane model with non-cylindrical and nonsymmetric cavity shapes is considered. A numeric cavity model is used, the cavitator angle of attack effects are considered, and a non-steady non-cylindrical planing force model is incorporated. The resulting effects on the system dynamics and control are addressed and discussed.
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Yu, Yingyan, Dirk Rosenstock, Martin Wolfgarten, and Gerhard Hirt. "Influence of die geometry and material selection on the behavior of protective die covers in closed-die forging." In ESAFORM 2016: Proceedings of the 19th International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4963531.

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Hitoe Oya and Keiji Suzuki. "Behavior based water depth estimation for diver type small humanoid robot." In 2009 4th International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icara.2000.4803976.

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Reports on the topic "Dive behaviour"

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Brasseur, Sophie, Geert Aarts, and Jessica Schop. Measurement of effects of piledriving in the Borssele wind farm zone on the seals in the Dutch Delta area : Changes in dive behaviour, haul-out and stranding of harbour and grey seals. Den Helder: Wageningen Marine Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/576980.

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Brasseur, Sophie, Geert Aarts, and Jessica Schop. Measurement of effects of pile driving in the Borssele wind farm zone on the seals in the Dutch Delta area- version II : Changes in dive behaviour, haul-out and stranding of harbour and grey seals, including sound modelling. Den Helder: Wageningen Marine Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/578120.

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Lorenz, Markus. Auswirkungen des Decoy-Effekts auf die Algorithm Aversion. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783947850013.

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Limitations in the human decision-making process restrict the technological potential of algorithms, which is also referred to as "algorithm aversion". This study uses a laboratory experiment with participants to investigate whether a phenomenon known since 1982 as the "decoy effect" is suitable for reducing algorithm aversion. For numerous analogue products, such as cars, drinks or newspaper subscriptions, the Decoy Effect is known to have a strong influence on human decision-making behaviour. Surprisingly, the decisions between forecasts by humans and Robo Advisors (algorithms) investigated in this study are not influenced by the Decoy Effect at all. This is true both a priori and after observing forecast errors.
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Baumgartner, Annabell. Akzeptierbarkeit und Wirksamkeit verkehrspolitischer Maßnahmen zur Neuaufteilung öffentlicher Räume. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.58870.

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Mit dem Ziel, Erkenntnisse darüber zu gewinnen unter welchen Umständen verkehrspolitische Maßnahmen seitens der Bevölkerung befürwortet und angenommen werden, wurde im Hebst 2020 eine quantitative Haushaltsbefragung (N = 832) in vier Frankfurter Befragungsgebieten durchgeführt. Als Untersuchungsgegenstand wurde die Umwandlung von Auto- in Fahrradspuren ausgewählt – eine Maßnahme, die in Folge des Frankfurter Radentscheids entlang verschiedener Verkehrsachsen in Frankfurt geplant und teilweise bereits umgesetzt wurde. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass die Akzeptierbarkeit für die zukünftige Umsetzung einer solchen Maßnahme zur Neuaufteilung öffentlicher Räume in Frankfurt insgesamt sehr hoch ausfällt. Unter Heranziehung des stage model of self-regulated behavioural change (SSBC) konnte zudem aufgezeigt werden, dass sich eine starke Orientierung am Auto negativ auf die Höhe der Akzeptierbarkeit auswirkt, während eine regelmäßige Nutzung des Fahrrads höhere Zustimmungswerte für die Maßnahme hervorruft. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde weiterhin untersucht, inwiefern die bereits umgewandelten Radspuren zwischen der Alten Brücke am Main und dem Friedberger Platz im Frankfurter Nordend, eine Veränderung in der Wahrnehmung und Verkehrsmittelnutzung der Befragten begünstigen und somit auch wirksam sind. Dabei wurde mitunter ersichtlich, dass es seit der Umwandlung sowohl zu einer gesteigerten Fahrradnutzung als auch zu einer reduzierten Autonutzung entlang der umgewidmeten Strecke gekommen ist.
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