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Bhattacharya, Usree, Wisnu Pradana, Xing Wei, Daniel Tarquinio, Olivia Datta, Kaleigh Anderson, and Nicole Cruz-Díaz. "Medical communication and advocacy through eye-tracking AAC: Implications for applied linguistics." EuroAmerican Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages 9, no. 1 (April 10, 2022): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21283/2376905x.15.1.266.
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EN Historically, individuals with Rett syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, have been cast as “silent angels,” “nonverbal,” and “speechless.” As a consequence, they have not been consulted in their medical care. Recently, however, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices that use eye-tracking technology have facilitated communication for individuals with Rett syndrome. Yet, no prior research has investigated how such communication occurs within medical settings. Through an applied linguistics lens that centers the analysis of language use, we construct a case report capturing how Kalika, a child with Rett syndrome, offers medical information. Kalika’s device-mediated language use suggests multiple implications for applied linguistics scholars and language educators, including: broadening notions of speaking, increasing consideration of AAC, exploring more device-mediated language use, extending multimodal considerations, nuancing notions of communicative competence, presuming competence, and, last but not least, more deliberately espousing principles of linguistic justice in our field. Key words: RETT SYNDROME, EYE TRACKING, AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION (AAC), DISABILITY, MEDICAL COMMUNICATION ES Históricamente, los individuos con síndrome de Rett, un trastorno raro del desarrollo neurológico, han sido presentados como “ángeles silenciosos”, “no verbales” y “mudos”. Como consecuencia, estos individuos no han sido atendidos en consulta médica. Recientemente, los dispositivos de comunicación aumentativos y alternativos (AAC) que utilizan tecnología de seguimiento ocular han facilitado la comunicación de individuos con síndrome de Rett. Sin embargo, ningún estudio ha investigado cómo se produce dicha comunicación en entornos médicos. Desde la perspectiva de la lingüística aplicada que analiza el uso del lenguaje, construimos un caso clínico que captura cómo Kalika, una niña con síndrome de Rett, proporciona información médica. El lenguaje mediado por dispositivos de Kalika sugiere implicaciones para académicos de lingüística aplicada y educadores del lenguaje, que incluyen: ampliar las nociones del discurso y la consideración de AAC, explorar más el uso del lenguaje mediado por dispositivos, ampliar las consideraciones multimodales, matizar las nociones de la competencia comunicativa, suponer competencia y apoyar deliberadamente los principios de justicia lingüística. Palabras clave: SÍNDROME DE RETT, SEGUIMIENTO OCULAR, COMUNICACIÓN AUMENTATIVA Y ALTERNATIVA, DISCAPACIDAD, COMUNICACIÓN MÉDICA IT Storicamente le persone con la sindrome di Rett, un raro disturbo del neurosviluppo, sono state considerate "angeli silenziosi", "non verbali" e "senza parole"; questo ha comportato che non venissero consultati per le loro cure mediche. Di recente, però, i dispositivi di comunicazione aumentativa e alternativa (CAA) con tecnologia eye-tracking hanno facilitato la comunicazione di queste persone. Nessuna ricerca ha però indagato come tale comunicazione avvenga in contesti medici. Utilizzando una prospettiva di linguistica applicata che analizza l’uso del linguaggio, presentiamo un caso che illustra come Kalika, una bambina con la sindrome di Rett, offra informazioni mediche. Il linguaggio di Kalika, mediato da dispositivi, suggerisce, tanto agli studiosi di linguistica applicata quanto docenti ed educatori in ambito linguistico, molteplici implicazioni per ampliare le nozioni di parlato e la considerazione della CAA, approfondire l'uso del linguaggio mediato da dispositivi, estendere le considerazioni multimodali, dettagliare le nozioni di competenza comunicativa, presumere la competenza, e sostenere in modo deliberato i principi di giustizia linguistica nel nostro campo. Parole chiave: SINDROME DI RETT, EYE TRACKING, COMUNICAZIONE AUMENTATIVA E ALTERNATIVA CAA, DISABILITÀ, COMUNICAZIONE MEDICA
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Andreetta, Sara, and Andrea Marini. "Narrative assessment in patients with communicative disorders." Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, no. 60 (January 1, 2014): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.2014.3033.
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Di recente numerosi studi hanno dimostrato che i tradizionali test per la valutazione dei disturbi linguistici in pazienti con afasia non sono completamente sufficienti a determinarne le reali competenze comunicative e linguistiche. Di conseguenza, tanto nella ricerca quanto nella pratica clinica si stanno affermando nuovi approcci per valutare queste abilità. Tra questi, l'analisi del loro eloquio spontaneo riveste un'importanza cruciale per il suo alto valore ecologico e la possibilità di esaminare contemporaneamente aspetti strutturali e funzionali del linguaggio. Il presente articolo descrive nel dettaglio una delle tecniche di analisi dell'eloquio narrativo che negli ultimi anni si sta affermando sia nella ricerca che nella pratica clinica. Si tratta di una metodologia per la Valutazione Multilivello dell'Eloquio Narrativo prodotto da pazienti con disturbi del linguaggio (cfr. Marini e coll., 2011). Questa metodologia si basa sull'analisi dei livelli di produttività linguistica, di elaborazione lessicale e grammaticale, di organizzazione narrativa e dei livelli di informatività raggiunti dal paziente. Questa metodologia è stata applicata con successo a numerosi tipi di disturbi, tanto in età adulta (ad es. afasie fluenti e non fluenti, traumi cranici, schizofrenia, demenza di Alzheimer) quanto in età evolutiva (ad es. Disturbi Specifici del Linguaggio, Sindromi di Down e di Williams, Disturbi dello Spettro Autistico).
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Dolník, Juraj. "Linguistic knowledge and command of language." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 69, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2018-0013.
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Abstract Drawing on the ideas of many pragmatically based philosophers of language and linguistics, the author proposes a conception of command of language with regard to linguistic cultivation of language users. His approach to the problem may be summarized in the sentence that the cultivation of the mother tongue is adequate when it is in harmony with communicative rationality that originated from the fact that human beings are behavioural-actional creatures. The main point is that the rationality of communication is based on the function of the intention-emergent-mechanism; that is, we are in natural linguistic state if the working of this mechanism is not disturbed. The cultivation of command of language can only be successful as the developing of the natural linguistic state when the requirement of the natural coordination of the behavioural and actional linguistic competence remains in force, in other words, it is necessary to take into consideration that for the natural command of language is responsible the interplay of the not-knowledge-based grammatical disposition and the language knowledges.
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Auxéméry, Yann. "Psychic Trauma Disturbs Networks of Meaning and Constitutes a Linguistic Wound." L'Évolution Psychiatrique 86, no. 2 (May 2021): e1-e20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evopsy.2021.03.003.
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Tsohatzidis, Savas L. "Emotional states and linguistic events." Pragmatics and Cognition 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.1.2.02tso.
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This paper intends to contribute to the evaluation of the project of analyzing speech act concepts in terms of mental state concepts, by examining Searle's and Vanderveken's proposed analyses of certain types of illocutionary acts as expressions of corresponding types of emotional states. It is argued that the proposed analyses are all defective, that the assumptions about underlying speech act/mental state parallelisms from which their initial plausibility might be taken to derive are themselves mistaken, and that the fact that they have been proposed at all betrays insufficient attention to the distinction between semanti-cally and pragmatically determined aspects of utterance interpretation. It is concluded that these results disturb both the overall structure of Searle's and Vanderveken's theory of speech acts, and the logic of several other similarly reductionist claims in the philosophy of language.
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Balconi, Michela, Rachele Stoppelli, and Maria Elide Vanutelli. "Autonomic responsivity and semantic associative competences in disturb of consciousness." Neuropsychological Trends, no. 15 (April 2014): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/neur-2014-015-stop.
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Linguistic associative functions in disorders of consciousness patient (DOC) were studied in the present research by using autonomic measures (Skin Conductance Response, SCR; Heart Rate, HR). We intended to verify the preservation of semantic linguistic processes in Vegetative State (VS) and Minimal Consciousness State (MCS) by considering arousal modulation. Twenty-four patients and twenty controls were submitted to an auditory semantic task (congruous or incongruous word sequences). A similar increased SCR/HR was found for both DOC and control group in response to incongruous condition. This modulation was interpreted as a marker of the increased cognitive difficulty in processing and restoring incongruent information. However, MCS and VS groups quantitatively (but not qualitatively) differed in term of degree of increased arousal, since higher SCR and HR increasing was observed for MCS than VS. These results were interpreted as a marker that the semantic processing was partially preserved in both VS and MCS patients.
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Goorhuis-Brouwer, S. M. "De Taalgestoorde Taalgebruiker." Psycholinguistiek en taalstoornissen 24 (January 1, 1986): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.24.07goo.
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This article addresses, by means of several case studies, the following questions: - What kind of problems do we meet, in dealing with disturb-ances in language development? - Who signalises the problem, who has to make the diagnosis? - What are the specifically linguistic and-or pedagogical aspects of the problem?
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Ranieri, S., F. Ballanti, and P. Cozza. "Validazione linguistica di un questionario per la diagnosi dei disturbi respiratori del sonno nei bambini." Dental Cadmos 84, no. 9 (November 2016): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.19256/d.cadmos.09.2016.06.
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Saidah, Saidah. "The Myth of Sandekala in Novel Senjakala by Risa Saraswati Based on Lévi-Strauss’ Structuralism Approach." AKSIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 3, no. 1 (September 10, 2019): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/aksis.030119.
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This study was aimed to obtain information about the sandekala myth contained in Senjakala by Risa Saraswati. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative method. The geographical level analysis results showed that the depiction of the location of the myth in the Senjakala often linked to something haunted and mystical. Something that is haunted and mystical refers to the disturbance of spirits that often appeared when the sunset. The techno-economic level analysis results showed that the economic depiction of the figures could influence the character's behavior in believing in myths. The sociology level analysis results showed that people who own the myth have a high religious personality characterized by religion has always being used as a basis in various aspects of life, including in avoiding interference from spirits. The cosmological level analysis results showed that the events of the figures who were often disturbed by spirits during sunset. Based on these four levels, the myth of sandekala in Senjakala by Risa Saraswati was shown by the disturbances of spirits that often appeared during sunset. This research can be implicated in the study of literature at high school grade 12th of Curriculum 2013 Revision 2018 contained in BC 3.9 Analyzing the content and linguistic elements of novels and 4.9 Designing novels or novelets with regards to the content and linguistics both verbally and written. Students are expected to be able to analyze the content and linguistic elements of the novel through intrinsic elements and the language style of the novel and having wisdom in addressing the existence of myths.
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Kamata, Tomohiro, Daiki Ueda, Naomi Yonemochi, and Hiroko Ikeda. "Maternal obesity disturbs nurturing behaviors in mice." Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society 95 (2022): 3—P—223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jpssuppl.95.0_3-p-223.
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Fatmawati, Sukma, Rizky Salzabila, and Galang Aulia Rizkitama. "Hoax Analysis on Social Media Corpus to Develop “Kapak Hoaks (Hoax Axe)” Model: A Study on Critical Discourse Analysis." E-Structural 3, no. 01 (September 29, 2020): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/es.v3i01.4094.
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Abstract. In globalization era, hoax has been widely spread on social media and disturbs the well-built relationship of Indonesian people. Even it often breaks the unity of people. Lack of knowledge in how to identify hoax has let readers be hypnotized to believe that the news is real. This study is aimed to develop "KAPAK HOAKS (HOAX AXE)" model (Reader's independence in analyzing hoax content). This study uses the theory of CDA model of Fairclough by Umar Fauzan (2013). The study method used in this article is qualitative method with critical linguistics study approach. The authors of this study have collected analysis theories of critical literature able to be used to analyze data of hoax circulating on social media. The analysis is conducted by matching data corpus with the chosen theory. Through the analysis, the authors have identified language aspects supporting self-checking improvement. It is also mentioned by Eriyanto (2001) about hoax analysis. To reach perfection, this study considers that the future research needs to involve response test on social media readers' positive independence in responding hoax.Keywords: corpus, hoax, linguistics, semiotics, social mediaAbstrak. Di era globalisasi, hoax telah merajalela di media sosial dan mengganggu silaturahmi masyarakat Indonesia yang terjalin baik. Bahkan seringkali merusak persatuan umat. Kurangnya pengetahuan tentang bagaimana mengidentifikasi hoax membuat pembaca terhipnotis untuk percaya bahwa berita itu nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model "KAPAK HOAKS (HOAX AX)" (Kemandirian Pembaca dalam menganalisis konten hoax). Penelitian ini menggunakan teori model CDA Fairclough menurut Fauzan (2013). Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi linguistik kritis. Penulis penelitian ini telah mengumpulkan teori analisis literatur kritis yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis data hoax yang beredar di media sosial. Analisis dilakukan dengan mencocokkan korpus data dengan teori yang dipilih. Melalui analisis, penulis telah mengidentifikasi aspek bahasa yang mendukung peningkatan pemeriksaan diri. Hal tersebut juga dikemukakan oleh Eriyanto (2001) tentang analisis hoax. Untuk mencapai kesempurnaan, penelitian ini memandang bahwa penelitian ke depan perlu melibatkan uji respon terhadap kemandirian positif pembaca media sosial dalam merespon hoax.Kata kunci: corpus, hoax, linguistics, semiotics, social media
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Schlenck, K. J., R. Bettrich, and K. Willmes. "Aspects of disturbed prosody in dysarthria." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 7, no. 2 (January 1993): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699209308985549.
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Rubio-Fernández, Paula. "Perspective tracking in progress: Do not disturb." Cognition 129, no. 2 (November 2013): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2013.07.005.
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Khan, Hashim, Khalid Azim Khan, and Muhammad Umer. "A Psychological Exegesis of Displacement in Bapsi Sidhwa's Novel The Bride: A Sociolinguistic Analysis." Global Social Sciences Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(vi-i).38.
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This reports the psychological perspective of displacement in the English Pakistani novel The Bride (also published as The Pakistani Bride), written by a Pakistani American novelist Bapsi Sidhwa. This is a sociolinguistic study with the employment of Close Reading (CR) and Systematic Functional Linguistics (SFL). The study involves social, psychological and semantic aspects with the aim to present the psychological impact of displacement on the personal and social life of the characters. Close-Reading provides the analysis of the novel and the author. Systematic Functional Linguistics provides context and semantics as tools to analyze the historical and conceptual background of the novel. The findings of the study present mixed results, supporting the supposition that displacement affects the psychological state of the characters and disturbs their individual functionality. It partially proves that their social functionality is equally affected. It may be because people are more careful in playing their social roles.
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Raney, Gary E. "E-Z Reader 7 provides a platform for explaining how low- and high-level linguistic processes influence eye movements." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26, no. 4 (August 2003): 498–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x03440107.
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E-Z Reader 7 is a processing model of eye-movement control. One constraint imposed on the model is that high-level cognitive processes do not influence eye movements unless normal reading processes are disturbed. I suggest that this constraint is unnecessary, and that the model provides a sensible architecture for explaining how both low- and high-level processes influence eye movements.
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Orzechowska, Joanna. "Emocjonalne przymiotniki w języku polskim i rosyjskim. Paralele i kontrasty." Studia Rossica Posnaniensia 47, no. 2 (December 25, 2022): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2022.47.2.14.
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A new type of dictionary – a psychological linguistic dictionary was compiled as a result of analyzing 15918 Russian adjectives from the perspective of their relationship with emotions originating in reference to various senses. The dictionary contains information on “the emotional load” of these adjectives, that is how pleasant or how unpleasant emotions a given adjective evokes. The analyzed lexemes were assessed by respondents on the scale of emotions: slightly (un)pleasant – moderately (un)pleasant – very (un)pleasant, which was marked with an appropriate number of pluses or minuses. Although it is believed that representatives of different cultures experience universal emotions, their quality and intensity hidden behind particular linguistic units can diverge for different cultural linguistic communities. Emotions are conditioned socially, culturally and historically; they play an important role in international communication. Thus, when they are incompetently and mistakenly interpreted, this can disturb dialogue between various cultures and even lead to conflicts. In the article, considering equivalents mięsny/мясной and other counterparts, it can be said that not all the examples have a parallel emotional value. Despite the genealogical relationship between the languages and cultures in question, emotive contrasts are not rare. This leads to considering a significant issue of emotive adequacy of dictionary equivalents, which has to be addressed by translators and language teachers.
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Longan, Nathan, Conrad Bussow, and G. Edward Orchard. "The Disturbed State of the Russian Realm." Slavic and East European Journal 40, no. 2 (1996): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/309496.
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Loren, Catherine A., Roger D. Colcord, and Michael P. Rastatter. "Effects of Auditory Masking by White Noise on Variability of Fundamental Frequency during Highly Similar Productions of Spontaneous Speech." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 3 (December 1986): 1203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.3.1203.
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Six adults (3 men, 3 women) produced highly similar spontaneous speech utterances during quiet and 90-dB SPL white noise. Although subjects' fundamental frequency (fo) was significantly increased when speaking in noise, their fo variability (coefficients of variation) throughout the utterance was not affected by the auditory disruption. This indicated that their ability to vary fo for linguistic stressing was preserved under short-term disturbed auditory feedback. These findings further supported the hypothesis that fo is under open-loop regulation.
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Orzechowska, Joanna. "Słownik psychologiczno-lingwistyczny "Zmysły, emocje i przymiotniki języka rosyjskiego" – nowe narzędzie w pracy tłumacza." Acta Neophilologica 2, no. XXII (December 1, 2020): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/an.5596.
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This article presents a new type of dictionary – a linguistic-psychological dictionary reflecting structures of language, similar to dictionaries based on associations, but also reconstructing the mental and emotional states of an average user of the Russian language. It was compiled as a result of analyzing 15918 Russian adjectives from the perspective of their relationship with emotions originating in reference to various senses. The dictionary contains information on “the emotional load” of these adjectives, that is how pleasant or how unpleasant emotions a given adjective evokes. The analyzed lexemes were assessed by respondents on the scale of emotions: slightly (un)pleasant – moderately (un)pleasant – very (un)pleasant, which was marked with an appropriate number of pluses or minuses. It cannot be overestimated how useful such a dictionary and the information it contains are. Although it is believed that representatives of different cultures experience universal emotions, their quality and intensity hidden behind particular linguistic units can diverge between different cultural-linguistic communities. Emotions are conditioned socially, culturally, and historically; they play an important role in international communication. Thus when they are incompetently and mistakenly interpreted, this can disturb dialogue between various cultures and even lead to conflicts. In the article, considering equivalents cygarowy/сигарный, differences in the evaluation of these adjectives in Polish and Russian are presented, illustrating the need to look for emotionally adequate translation equivalents when rendering them.
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Senderska, Joanna. "An Image of a Person with an Autism Spectrum Disorder in Popular Literature (on the Example of the Hero of Jodi Picoult's Novel “House Rules”)." Respectus Philologicus, no. 37(42) (April 20, 2020): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.43.
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In this article, the case of eighteen-year-old Jacob Hunt, the main character of Jodi Picoult’s book entitled House Rules (W naszym domu in Polish translation) is discussed. Jacob is an example of a literary character with features similar to those of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). He suffers from Asperger syndrome, which belongs to ASD (autism spectrum disorder). That is why he finds it difficult to develop communication skills, which translates into disturbed communication. The disturbances involve difficulties in acquiring and applying social rules as well as having specific narrow interests. The author of this article points out the linguistic, as well as non-linguistic behaviour of the protagonist, which are specific for autism spectrum disorder. She also draws attention to the role that popular literature plays in creating the image of people with ASD and in popularizing information about this disorder.
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Benito Sánchez, Jesús. "Hosts, Guests and Parasites in Helena Maria Viramontes' “The Cariboo Café”." Miscelánea: A Journal of English and American Studies 58 (December 16, 2018): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_misc/mj.20186303.
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The correlation between immigrants and parasites is a common theme in political discourse. The nation-state assumes the role of a living organism that allows the entrance of an alien, a guest of sorts, who, in turn, endangers the wellbeing of the host. Such is the initial vision of the migrant woman in Helena Maria Viramontes’ “The Cariboo Café” (1995). Drawing from Michel Serres, Jaques Derrida and Mireille Rosello, this article analyses the story from the perspective of the hospitality framework. The figure of the parasite appears as a liminal figure that establishes a symbiotic relationship with the host both on the social and the linguistic levels. As a disturber of peace and order, the parasite disrupts the traditional relations with the abused guest. In the story, the café owner’s gatekeeping activities, both linguistic and ideological, become suspended. The opposition between host/guest-parasite, legal/illegal, inside/outside opens to an infinite range of possibilities between allege
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Rasmus, Anna, and Aleksandra Błachnio. "Auditory Processing Disorders in Elderly Persons vs. Linguistic and Emotional Prosody." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 6427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126427.
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Background: Language communication, which is one of the basic forms of building and maintaining interpersonal relationships, deteriorates in elder age. One of the probable causes is a decline in auditory functioning, including auditory central processing. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the profile of central auditory processing disorders in the elderly as well as the relationship between these disorders and the perception of emotional and linguistic prosody. Methods: The Right Hemisphere Language Battery (RHLB-PL), and the Brain-Boy Universal Professional (BUP) were used. Results: There are statistically significant relationships between emotional prosody and: spatial hearing (r(18) = 0.46, p = 0.04); the time of the reaction (r(18) = 0.49, p = 0.03); recognizing the frequency pattern (r(18) = 0.49, p = 0.03 (4); and recognizing the duration pattern (r(18) = 0.45, p = 0.05. There are statistically significant correlations between linguistic prosody and: pitch discrimination (r(18) = 0.5, p = 0.02); recognition of the frequency pattern (r(18) = 0.55, p = 0.01); recognition of the temporal pattern; and emotional prosody (r(18) = 0.58, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The analysis of the disturbed components of auditory central processing among the tested samples showed a reduction in the functions related to frequency differentiation, the recognition of the temporal pattern, the process of discriminating between important sounds, and the speed of reaction. De-automation of the basic functions of auditory central processing, which we observe in older age, lowers the perception of both emotional and linguistic prosody, thus reducing the quality of communication in older people.
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Toddington, Stuart. "How to Read Hobbes? A Reply to Matthew Kramer." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 8, no. 2 (July 1995): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900003258.
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I want to say something about Hobbes by way of a response to Matthew Kramer in his article, “The Missing Terms of the Hobbesian Social Contract”. Briefly, Kramer argues that Hobbes’ idea of the social contract is incoherent in that the linguistic and experiential conditions and capacities which could give rise to such a contract are such that an effective contract would already have to be in place. This reductio ad absurdum of Hobbes’ argument has some illuminating consequences: one is that this apparently fatal attack on the coherence of the Hobbesian contract should disturb us enough to reconsider the way in which we read Hobbes and other Social Contract theorists, rather than simply accepting the ad hominem force of Kramer’s interpretation of Hobbes.
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Dunning, Chester, Conrad Bussow, and G. Edward Orchard. "The Disturbed State of the Russian Realm." Russian Review 54, no. 3 (July 1995): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/131454.
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Vilkelytė, Rūta Angelė. "Anti-alcohol advertisements. Persuasion techniques." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 8 (April 20, 2016): 72–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2016.17507.
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This paper analyses anti-alcohol social advertisements. Assuming that in social advertising both linguistic and visual means of persuasion are used to provoke the addressee’s reaction, the author aims at determining the most dominating and effective linguistic and non-linguistic means of persuasion employed in social advertising. The methods of semiotic analysis and the qualitative target addressees’ interview are combined to achieve this aim. The semiotic analysis is used to determine visual and verbal means of persuasion used in social advertisements, while the qualitative interview is employed to assess their suggestibility. The results suggest that different persuasion techniques are targeted at different age groups. Advertising aimed at young people often portrays famous people of Lithuania. The text of such advertisements is usually written as friendly advice based on the author’s personal experience. The demonstration of solidarity is considered to be an effective technique; therefore, the personal pronouns I, my, you, your are common. In the advertisements aimed at seniors it is common to emphasise death, which is usually expressed by contrasting black and white. Such choice of colours creates a frustrating and inhospitable atmosphere and is effective in reaching persuasion. Slogans are usually short, which allows the addressee to concentrate on the essential elements of the advertisement. In addition, slogans are often impersonal, which creates some distance from the addressee. This sanction has been positively evaluated by the respondents. In advertisements, which intend to affect a large number of the population, the implicit addressee, usually bright colours prevail; however, this sanction disturbs the addressees.
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Liapicheva, Olena Leonidivna, and Larysa Vasylivna Kushnir. "Concept Cat in the Russian Language." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 14, no. 24 (2021): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2021-14-24-107-115.
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The article examines the semantic field of the concept CAT based on the lexical meaning of words and idioms, placed in dictionaries, as well as on the basis of the meaning expressed in fairy tales and lullabies. The main meanings of the studied concept are highlighted and its semantic core and periphery are determined. The relevance of the study is due to the need for conceptual research of a practical nature, allowing to confirm theoretical searches in this area. At this stage in the development of linguistic science, when it moves from the systemic study of material units of language to the mental units study, when the theory of conceptual research is just taking shape, it seems extremely important to carry out practical attempts to study concepts that will help to see where the theory works well enough and where it is unclear and requires further elaboration. The study of concepts is a primary direction in modern linguistics. The concept was developed by S. H. Vorkachov, V. I. Karasyk, O. S. Kubriakova, D. S. Likhachov, O. Selivanova and others. In linguistics, the concept is interpreted as an operational meaningful unit of memory, mental lexicon, conceptual system, the whole picture of the world reflected in the human psyche. This is information about what the individual knows, thinks, imagines about the objects of the world. As a theoretical material, the methodology of researching the concept of Z. D. Popova and I. A. Sternin is taken. The meanings of the concept CAT are distinguished on the basis of the words definitions in the “Tolkovyi slovar russkogo iazyka” by S. I. Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedova and in the “Bolshoi tolkovyi slovar russkogo iazyka: A-YA”. The core of the concept CAT is made up of meanings that have come from folklore: a cat evokes a dream, protects it and sometimes disturbs it; the near periphery of the concept is made up of meanings recorded mainly in the dictionaries: a cat has a female and a cub, it is a predatory mammal, it brings unpleasant surprises, it is an example of unfriendliness, quarrels; a negative trait of a cat is cunning; the cat takes the child's illness. The rest of the meanings are on the far periphery of the concept. The prospects of further studying of the concept is to attract other sources of replenishment of the content of the concept: proverbs, sayings, as well as modern poetry and prose. It is also important not only to determine the semantic center and periphery of the concept, but also the figurative, informational and interpretive field of the concept.
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Ziegler, W., and D. von Cramon. "Disturbed coarticulation in apraxia of speech: Acoustic evidence." Brain and Language 29, no. 1 (September 1986): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-934x(86)90032-5.
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Moretti, Rita, Paola Torre, Rodolfo M. Antonello, Franco Fabbro, Giuseppe Cazzato, and Antonio Bava. "Writing Errors by Normal Subjects." Perceptual and Motor Skills 97, no. 1 (August 2003): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.97.1.215.
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Writing is a complex process requiring visual memory, attention, phonological and semantic operations, and motor performance. For that reason, it can easily be disturbed by interfering with attention, memory, by interfering subvocalization, and so on. With 16 female third-year students (23.4 ± 0.8 yr.) from the University of Trieste, we investigated the production of errors in three experimental conditions (control, articulatory suppression, and tapping). In the articulatory suppression condition, the participants produced significantly more linguistic impairments (such as agrammatism, unrelated substitutions, sentence omissions, and semantically deviant sentences), which are similar to linguistic impairments found in aphasia. On the tapping condition there were more perseverations, deletions, and substitutions of both letters and words. These data suggest that writing is not an automatic skill. Only after many years of experience and practice of processing information (through cortical to subcortical channels) can writing be considered an automatic skill. Limited experimental conditions can disrupt the writing system of normal subjects, probably interfering with the cortical to subcortical loops, and link normality to pathology.
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Helm-Estabrooks, Nancy. "Treating Attention To Improve Auditory Comprehension Deficits Associated With Aphasia." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 21, no. 2 (June 2011): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld21.2.64.
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Auditory comprehension is rarely unaffected by aphasia, although the extent of these deficits ranges greatly. Regardless of the severity of the deficit, however, problems understanding spoken language have a notable impact on individuals' lives. Speech-language pathologists, therefore, are obligated to employ effective approaches to remediating these problems. This paper addresses ways to treat auditory comprehension starting with a careful examination that identifies preserved and disturbed areas of function and that leads clinicians to think about underlying mechanisms that might be responsible for success and failures. Several lines of evidence support the idea that attentional problems may account for at least some of what appear to be problems with comprehension of spoken language in people with aphasia (PWA). Despite the growing body of evidence that a strong relationship exists between attention and auditory comprehension performance, the prevailing approach to treating auditory comprehension deficits continues to be the linguistic stimulation approach. This paper, therefore, reviews linguistic approaches to remediating auditory comprehension before discussing studies of attention training as a “cognitive” approach to improving these skills. Also discussed is the compelling evidence that the overall cognitive status of PWA significantly influences their response to any form of aphasia treatment.
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Della Volpe, A., A. De Lucia, V. Pastore, L. Bracci Laudiero, I. Buonissimo, and G. Ricci. "Il follow up del bambino con ipoacusia permanente." Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 36, no. 1 (February 2016): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-1078.
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I programmi di identificazione precoce delle ipoacusie infantili permette di intraprendere rapidamente l’iter riabilitativo e protesico appropriato; nonostante ciò appare ancora elevato il numero di pazienti che non aderiscono al programma terapeutico. L’obiettivo di questo articolo è presentare i risultati di un’analisi strategica che prende in considerazione i punti di forza, i punti di debolezza, le opportunità e i rischi del processo di follow up audiologico/protesico/linguistico di bambini affetti da ipoacusia bilaterale permanente. Il follow up in questione, coinvolgendo bambini piccoli, implica il coinvolgimento di professionisti specializzati e inseriti in un team multidisciplinare e una gestione plurisettoriale complessa e prolungata. Nell’ambito del progetto finanziato dal Ministero della Salute Italiano CCM 2013 denominato “Programma regionale di identificazione, intervento e presa in carico precoci per la prevenzione dei disturbi comunicativi nei bambini con deficit uditivo” lo scopo di quest’analisi è stata quella di offrire delle raccomandazioni per armonizzare i criteri di valutazione dei risultati terapeutici e trarre spunto da questi per successivamente fornire delle linee guida riguardanti le metodiche più adeguate nella valutazione del bambino con ipoacusia permanente.
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Giuntini, G., F. Forli, R. Nicastro, A. Ciabotti, L. Bruschini, and S. Berrettini. "Presa in carico precoce del bambino ipoacusico." Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 36, no. 1 (February 2016): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-1079.
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La messa a punto di protocolli regionali di screening audiologico neonatale e la diagnosi audiologica precoce rappresentano il primo passo dell’intero percorso diagnostico, protesico e riabilitativo a cui deve sottoporsi un bambino ipoacusico. Il massimo beneficio di una diagnosi precoce può essere ottenuto solo con una presa in carico riabilitativa tempestiva finalizzata a promuovere lo sviluppo comunicativo-linguistico e cognitivo del bambino. Nell’ambito del progetto del Ministero della Salute CCM 2013 “Programma regionale di identificazione, intervento e presa in carico precoce per la prevenzione dei disturbi comunicativi nei bambini con deficit uditivo” è stata affrontata l’attuale modalità di presa in carico precoce del bambino ipoacusico in Italia e la promozione del suo sviluppo globale basate su un progetto riabilitativo fondato su evidenze scientifiche. All’interno del progetto il nostro obiettivo specifico è stato quello di definire le caratteristiche e le modalità di accesso ad un progetto riabilitativo specifico e specializzato per il bambino ipoacusico piccolo entro 3 mesi dalla diagnosi audiologica. Dall’analisi effettuata sono emerse tre principali raccomandazioni relative agli aspetti valutativi e riabilitativi della presa in carico precoce.
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Mancini, Marco. "Does Prenestinian fe⋮faked actually exist?" Journal of Latin Linguistics 20, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 75–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joll-2021-2019.
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Abstract After more than a century since its discovery, the mystery of the Fibula Praenestina has been definitively solved. The artifact and the inscription are both authentic beyond any reasonable doubt. Complex spectrographic analyses published a few years ago have confirmed that the Fibula is not a forgery. However, quite paradoxically, an Early Latin reduplicated perfect fefaked is still implausible from a morphological point of view. This form continues to disturb the Early Latin linguistic framework, which can be reconstructed thanks to the available data at our disposal. The article presents a new reading of the text, which on the one hand confirms the congruity of the preterite morphology (not a reduplicated form of the root *d h ē- / d h ǝ-, but an ancient aorist similar to Faliscan făced / făcet) and on the other gives an account of the abnormal use of punctuation between <whe> and <wha>.
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Manschreck, Theo C., Brendan A. Maher, Donna Ames, and Margaret L. Schneyer. "Impoverished Written Responses and Negative Features of Schizophrenia." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 3_suppl (June 1987): 1163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.3c.1163.
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Repetition in the written language of schizophrenics and its possible relationships to other aspects of schizophrenic disorders are not well understood. We investigated repetitiousness in written utterances, finding schizophrenic subjects to be more repetitive than affective controls and normal controls. Over-all, written repetitiousness was more strongly correlated with psychopathologic features than oral repetitiousness. As in previous work, thought-disordered schizophrenic subjects produced the most repetitive responses. Poverty of content and illogical thinking were correlated with scores for written repetition. Measures of other negative features, disturbed mental functioning and motor behavior were also associated with repetitiousness in both written and oral modes. That these negative features are linked (namely, linguistic repetitiousness, negative formal thought disorder, voluntary motor abnormalities, and deficient mental functioning) is consistent with Crow's concept of a defect syndrome (Type 2) in schizophrenia.
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Gammelgaard, Karen. "Coping with Stalinist panegyrics." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2008): 48–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.9.1.04gam.
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This paper discusses a significant text genre in totalitarian societies: panegyrics of the leader. In countries under Stalinist rule, the output of panegyric texts reached immeasurable proportions. Probably due to their uniformity, few attempts have been made to analyse the single panegyric text. Attempting to identify the specific features of a given text, this paper analyses a set of particular features related to intra-textual semantic connexity, intertextuality and intentionality in a Czech sample from 1953. How the analysed sample disturbs Grice’s communicative maxims will be demonstrated. Structuration theory is used to explain why the panegyrics was produced. It is concluded that Stalinist panegyrics dangerously constricts the possibilities for social actions and for gaining knowledge. Additionally, the case demonstrates the need for a genuinely historical and pragmatic communicative theory, and proves the necessity of keeping the concepts of genre and text type apart.
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Rafikova, Yanina V. "Нарушенные парные погребения кожумбердынской культурной группы эпохи поздней бронзы Южного Зауралья." Oriental Studies 14, no. 3 (October 6, 2021): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-55-3-501-514.
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This article aims at discussing the time and the character (pragmatic or ritual) of disturbances in paired burials of Kozhumberdy cultural group of Late Bronze Alakul´ Culture in the Southern Urals and Western Kazakhstan. Data. The object of the study are Kozhumberdy paired burials, which were deliberately disturbed, including 19 simultaneous and 3 non-simultaneous graves. Results. The simultaneous burials are divided into two groups according to the degree of skeletal impairment. In the first group the remains of both deceased are equally broken; there are 10 of such burials. The skeletal impairment of pelvic and/or femur bones prevail. In the second group the remains of one of the deceased are broken to a greater degree; there are 9 such burials. As a rule, the female bones suffered more: the skull manipulation (removal, breaking) is their characteristic feature. The fact of the presence of vessels in situ in most graves and the accuracy with which the penetration was accomplished may serve as the evidence of the disturbances made by the contemporaries of the buried. There seems to be no pragmatic purpose for such disturbances: the absence of prestigious grave-goods in most undisturbed paired burials may serve as the indirect indication of this fact. This is supported by direct evidence as well because those who disturbed the graves were apparently not interested in the valuable jewelry; it was left in the disturbed part of the grave. Notably, the disturbance of non-simultaneous burials is like that of simultaneous graves: the skeletons are broken down to the pelvic and/or femur bones (1) and the skulls are removed (2). Conclusions. The disturbance of Kozhumberdy paired burials was carried out during post-burial rituals performed by the contemporaries of the deceased.
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Khan, Amara. "Imran Khan's Maiden Speech: A Critical Discourse Analysis." Global Political Review VI, no. II (June 30, 2021): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(vi-ii).18.
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Critical discourse analysis is useful to analyse political addresses comprising of the communal dialogue where the orator earns the desired reaction from her/his audience. The manuscript studies Imran Khan’s prime minister speech primarily through transitivity and modality, where we realise how semantics and syntax serve the thought as well as authority. Besides, we get an enhanced appreciation of the political resolve concerning the speech. The analysis tries to define the implication of the ideology of Khan's words for a country which was disturbed by severe economic, political, and social crises. For the present study, qualitative methodology for critical discourse analysis has been employed. The results of the study disclosed that Khan desired to show that Pakistan is not without leadership. It is a vivid fact that Khan's speech had both practical and theoretical inferences and through Critical Discourse Analysis and Systemic Functional Linguistics aforesaid implications through text analysis surfaced.
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Syta, Aneta. "Zaburzenia sprawności językowych i komunikacyjnych u chorych po udarze prawej półkuli mózgu. Opisy przypadków." Poradnik Językowy 2020, no. 2/2020(771) (February 25, 2020): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2020.2.6.
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Right hemisphere brain damage manifests itself in the language at the level of not only expression but also reception. Utterances of people with right hemisphere dysfunctions are often disorderly and illogical. As recipients, patients with right hemisphere brain damage, for instance, interrupt their interlocutor’s utterance, cannot understand jokes, mockeries, or ambiguous messages. The paper describes language and communication defi cits arising from right hemisphere brain damage and cases of patients suffering from right hemisphere disorder. The data obtained in the course of examining people with right hemisphere damage show that the most disturbed aspects of language include: lexical and semantic processing, processing complex language information, discourse, and prosody.
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Farsi, Roghayeh, and Sima Nowroozi. "Postmodern rendition of myth in Ashbery's ‘Syringa’." Acta Scientiarum. Language and Culture 44, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): e56365. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascilangcult.v44i1.56365.
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Postmodern poetry revisits the traditions and subjects myth and history to drastic experimentations. The present paper reacts to Ashbery's postmodern rendition of the myth of Orpheus in his poem ‘Syringa’ (Ashbery, 1985). He dismantles and opposes the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice and disrupts its totalitarian voice. The main concerns of the paper are to investigate what linguistic potentials Ashbery deploys in his experimentation, how these potentials help him appropriate and then subvert the mythical subtext, and what the consequences of this subversion could be. He disturbs the myth of Orpheus by drawing on the potentials of constructed oppositions. These potentials help Ashbery deconstruct the mythical narrative and adapt it to his postmodern tastes. The theoretical framework comprises Leslie Jeffries's notion of constructed opposition. The methodology is analytic and interpretive; it conducts a close reading of the poem which situates the poem at the intersecting nodes of myth, poetry, and language. The poem is argued to have relied heavily on the oppositions that Ashbery sets up between his text and its mythical subtext. The paper concludes negation and shifts of verb-tenses are the main structural triggers of opposition along with semantic triggers.
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ANIBLE, BENJAMIN, and JILL P. MORFORD. "Look both ways before crossing the street: Perspectives on the intersection of bimodality and bilingualism." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19, no. 2 (July 9, 2015): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728915000358.
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In 1939, NYU Professor of German, Murat Roberts warned readers about the potentially harmful effects of societal bilingualism: “When two languages come to be spoken by the same society for the same purposes, both of these languages are certain to deteriorate. The sense of conflict disturbs in both of them the basis of articulation, deranges the procedure of grammar, and imperils the integrity of thought. The representation of the mind is divided into incongruous halves; and the average speaker, being no linguistic expert, finds it difficult to keep the two media apart. Confusion follows. The contours of language grow dim as the two systems collide and intermingle” (23). Roberts’ warnings about the threat of bilingualism are a thin cloak over the assumption that monolingualism is the norm. But even without dire predictions, conceptions of language representation and use derived from the study of bilinguals have been slow to enter the mainstream. The relation between language representation and control (Abutalebi & Green, 2007) and the dynamic nature of grammatical knowledge across the lifespan (Linck, Kroll & Sunderman, 2009) should change the way we conceptualize all language processing, whether monolingual, bilingual or multilingual.
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Błądek-Kolatorska, Małgorzata. "The role of language in the therapy of children with autism spectrum disorders on the example of therapy carried out with the Krakow Method." Educational Psychology 66, no. 24 (October 31, 2022): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0965.
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This paper shows the role of language in the therapy of children with autism spectrum disorder. In the process of therapy, language should be seen both as a tool of the therapist’s work and as the goal of all therapeutic interactions. Language is of great importance when it comes to communicating with other people. Moreover, language shapes overall human development. The development of language is closely related to the development of other cognitive functions, these two aspects happens that the processes responsible for acquiring linguistic rules and for the development of thinking are disturbed. Then we may have to deal with abnormalities or developmental delays. In such situations, it is necessary to immediately start therapy so that the child has a chance for optimal development. A significant challenge faced by the therapist is to develop a child a tool for communication with the world. The therapist, through his interactions, which are immersed in language, thus builds language in the child’s mind.
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Zaheer, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Asim, and Junaid Ali. "Pamiri Ethnic Nationalism in Tajikistan; a Rising Threat against Future of Gilgit-Baltistan and Pak-China Economic Corridor (CPEC)." Journal of South Asian Studies 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 09–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jsas.010.01.3835.
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Pamiri ethnic nationalism in Post-Soviet Tajikistan has led to short-lived sovereign status in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region from 1992 to 1997 that has now been transmitted in the remaining parts of entire Badakhshan Region / Pamir Mountain Range; covering Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan, Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County of Tajikistan, and, Chitral District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province and Gilgit-Baltistan Autonomous Region of Pakistan. As Pak-China Economic Corridor is crossing through Gilgit-Baltistan, anti-Pakistan elements can not only trigger Pamiri ethnic nationalism on the basis of former historical sovereignty, separate linguistic identity, or unique sectarian believes. This study discusses the ways of the Pamiri ethnic community in the entire Badakhshan Region that has little been inspiring from the ethnonational separatism in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan. Similarly, anti-Pakistan and anti-CPEC elements are also analyzed in this study that is trying to disturb the socio-political and religious environment of Gilgit-Baltistan to disrupt CPEC. Future assessments of the region after completing CPEC, historical background and economic worth of the Gilgit-Baltistan, and, developmental opportunities for Afghanistan and Tajikistan are also observed in this study.
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Vid, Natalia Kaloh, and Petra Žagar-Šoštarić. "Sovietisms as cultural, social and historical realia in English retranslations of Bulgakov's The Fatal Eggs." Across Languages and Cultures 22, no. 2 (November 16, 2021): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/084.2021.00016.
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AbstractMikhail Bulgakov's fantastic short story The Fatal Eggs (1925) was translated into English by five translators, Mirra Ginsburg (1964), Kathleen Gook-Horujy (1990), Hugh Aplin (2003), Michael Karpelson (2010), and Roger Cockrell (2011). The emphasis in this research is on the linguistic analysis of the translations of cultural, social and historical realia referred to as Sovietisms, which pertain to items characteristic of Soviet discourse in the 1930s. Bulgakov's language is brimming with Soviet vocabulary that refers to various cultural and socio-political elements of Soviet reality. A complete naturalization or even omission of Sovietisms may lead to loss of connotative meanings essential to understanding the context, while foreignizing through transliteration or calquing may disturb the fluency of reading. The purpose of the analysis is to assess the translators' choices and what they imply for the readers. Another aim is to test the assumptions of re-translation theory (Bensimon 1990; Gambier 1994), which states that early translations are more target-oriented than subsequent translations. The analysis employs taxonomies suggested by Vlakhov and Florin (1980) and Mokienko and Nikitina (1998) for the classification of Sovietisms, and Aixelá’s taxonomy of translation strategies (1996) as the grounds for the case study.
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Bazylev, Vladimir N. "From hooligans to thrash talk: Evolution of the genre." International Journal “Speech Genres” 32, no. 4 (November 24, 2021): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2311-0740-2021-4-32-259-266.
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The article deals with the thrash talk as a speech genre. The term, which came to modern Russian from English, refers to a speech practice in which offensive statements are formulated against the opponent, designed to disturb the opponent’s psychological equanimity. It can be a form of bragging or insulting in competitive situations. The research was conducted in the context of Russian and foreign works on invective practice in Russian linguoculture, which not only represent a constant, but evolve as well. Such problems as the correlation between national-specific and universal aspects, linguistic and extralinguistic aspects, development of new phenomena on a national basis and borrowings are taken into account. Thrash-talk, if we use this term in a narrow sense, is autochthonous for Russian linguoculture. The methodology of the study is based on the comparison the description of speech practice with the standard. For our purposes we have formulated the standards “accusation”, “humiliation” and “hyperidenticity”, the components of the description of which were linguistic and psychological features. Thus, we can say that our research is carried out within the paradigm of psycholinguistics. This is justified by the fact that thrash talk balances on the edge of language and psyche. As a result of the comparison procedure we can conclude that there is a correspondence or discrepancy between these descriptions. The basis of our research were open Internet sources that contain examples of thrash talk as an element of characters’ speech behavior in texts or videos. As a result of the study it was possible to describe and systematize speech goals – persuasion and demonstration, the use of figurative, stylistically marked, expressively colored language means, psychological manipulative means of inducement and threat. In conclusion the article outlines the prospects for research related to such genres as flaming, flying, sledging, wolf-whistling, cat-calling, street-harassment, etc.
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Kettemann, Bernhard. "How effective is CALL in ELT?" ReCALL 7, no. 1 (May 1995): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344000005103.
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Recently the NCET (National Council for Educational Technology) published a survey of the results of various studies on the evaluation and effectiveness of computer assisted teaching in Great Britain.1 This survey lists several positive effects of computer assisted teaching in a wide variety of educational applications. These range from increased motivation and eagerness to learn by disturbed or handicapped children to an increase in the performance of good learners by e.g. training analytic and divergent thinking.
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Bal, Mieke. "Guest Column: Exhibition Practices." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 125, no. 1 (January 2010): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2010.125.1.9.
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What the public gets to see of museums is in the exhibitions in which their holdings are presented; beyond the archival functions of conservation, categorization, and restoration, this presentation is at the heart of museums as cultural institutions. Until a few decades ago, exhibitions were predictable in format and structure. Visitors attended monographic and period exhibitions to be instructed and to enjoy themselves according to the old adage of utile dulci. Every exhibition was an episode in a traditional conception of the management of art's relation to the public. Curators were also conservators; they studied, preserved, and categorized art objects and presented a selection of these according to the knowledge acquired. The space in which the objects were presented was kept as neutral as possible, so as not to disturb the viewer.
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Zobenica, Nikolina. "Textäquivalenz in der serbischen Übersetzung von Georg Trakls Spätlyrik." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 65, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 501–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00104.zob.
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Abstract According to functional theories, the translation process is a specific and receiver-dependent action, the Skopos of which, however, does not always have to correspond to that of the source text. According to functionalism, the communicative function of a text can be different in the target culture, and the translation should be adapted accordingly to the new Skopos. In translating, the focus is no longer on equivalence but on the adequacy of the translation, although in the best case equivalence or consistency of function should be sought. Since this is rarely entirely feasible, the translators themselves should decide in the course of the translation process which text dimension they would give priority to: semantic (content), syntactic (form) or pragmatic (meaning). A text grammatical and text semantic analysis of the coherence and isotope in the translation of Georg Trakl’s poems into Serbian aims to determine which dimension the translator Branimir Živojinović preferred. The study has shown that he almost completely achieves text equivalence, with few deviations in favour of form, which, however, do not disturb the coherence of the selected corpus.
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Wyatt, Jean. "Giving Body to the Word: The Maternal Symbolic in Toni Morrison's Beloved." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 108, no. 3 (May 1993): 474–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/462616.
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In Beloved, Toni Morrison expresses the dislocations and violence of slavery through disruptions in language. The novel tells the “unspeakable” story of Sethe, a slave mother whose act of infanticide leaves a gap in family narrative; bars her surviving daughter, Denver, from language use; and hinders her own ability to speak. Morrison's inclusion of voices previously left out of historical and literary narratives disturbs the language of the novel itself. The Africans piled on the slave ships, the preverbal child who comes back in the shape of the ghost Beloved, and a nursing mother who insists on the primacy of bodily connection: the expression of these subjects' heretofore unspoken experiences and desires distorts discursive structures, especially the demarcations that support normative language. Morrison's textual practice challenges Lacan's assumptions about language and language users, and her depiction of a social order that performs some of the functions of mothering challenges his vision of a paternal symbolic order based on a repudiation of maternal connection. (JW)
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Eckardt, Birgit. ""Scheiden tut weh" - Kommunikationsstörungen zwischen Fachleuten und Laien im Ehescheidungsrecht." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 15, no. 29 (March 3, 2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v15i29.25701.
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Like any other science, the jurisprudence uses a cant, that is not self –explanatory for the layman. It is even more difficult, that in certain legal fields laymen are not only the affected ones, but also the agents, who require the secular intermediation of a solicitor. Thereby occurring communication problems are attributed to the large terminology.It will be shown by means of a four step communication model while using the example of the divorce legislation, why and on what communication levels the commu-nication between experts and laymen is disturbed. The interdisciplinary research approach, that considers linguistic and jurisprudential as well as psychological and sociological aspects, shows the rather unexpected report, that communication perturbations between solicitors and clients occur to the same extent on the content level as on the relationship level. Objective misunderstandings are easier to remove than problems on the relationship level.Communication problems between judges and parties occur mainly during the very formalised (written) proceedings because of factual ignorance. The oral proceedings take place mainly undisturbed, when judges and solicitors measure up their role as mediator, respectively conciliator.
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Wilson, Peter, and Oliver Taplin. "The “aetiology” of tragedy in the Oresteia." Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 39 (1994): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068673500001760.
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‘The modes of music are never disturbed without disturbance of the most fundamental political and social nomoi’. This dictum of the influential fifth-century musical theorist Damon, friend and adviser of Perikles, reflects the deep-seated relation that was felt to exist between the modes of music and the fundamental conventions governing social and political life in ancient Greece. This relation deserves much further exploration. Our present thesis is that elaborate linguistic and semantic play between the registers of the musical and the social order is to be found in the Oresteia far more than in any other surviving work. It is, perhaps, not surprising that in this trilogy, where the claims of conflicting nomoi are powerfully dramatised, the musical order is also exploited in complex and subtle ways to reflect upon the social and political order; and that disruptions or distortions in the social order find their counterpart in the musical order. Though some have noted the operation of this interpenetration of registers, it has not been studied in the depth it deserves.
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Cui, Muting. "Analysis of Online Rumors during Covid-19 Pandemic." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 4 (November 17, 2022): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v4i.2734.
Full textAbstract:
During the Covid-19 pandemic, real and false information mingled. This resulted in audiences being unable to identify correct information and take effective action on it on time. Internet rumors can disturb people's emotions while damaging the government's credibility and reducing social trust. Internet rumors have fast-spreading characteristics, low cost of rumor creation, and strong concealment. It also has distinct structural and content characteristics. Information demand increases during a pandemic, and the public wants more information to safeguard life and prevent disease and has different levels of discernment about information. Rumor mongers create social chaos to achieve economic comeback and pathological psychological factors. The multi-channel development of new media facilitates the circulation of rumors. The legal system's imperfection gives spreaders opportunities to take advantage. These reasons increase the difficulty of regulation. This paper analyzes rumors' linguistic characteristics, causes, and effects. The authors focus on improving users' awareness of the law and responsibility, social media platforms to strengthen supervision, and actively advocating for users' correct use of information and participation in online supervision. Authoritative organizations improve laws to punish rumor makers and provide timely and practical information in three areas of recommendations to govern the spread of rumors and build a healthy online information environment.