Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Disturbi neurologici'
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SOUZA, CARNEIRO MAIRA IZZADORA. "NEUROMODULATION OF MOTOR LEARNING IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AND PATIENTS WITH NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241229.
Full textNon-invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), have been increasingly used as tools for improving motor learning in healthy individuals. Efforts of the current neuroscientific field are now directed to the mechanistic understanding of NIBS tools with respect to their modulatory effects on different motor learning processes, among which the on-line learning (improvements occurring during practice), the retention and generalization of the learned skills. This investigation is also relevant for optimizing stimulation protocols. The enhancement effects of tDCS on motor learning have also guided the investigation of its therapeutic potential for the rehabilitation of motor disorders in neurological diseases. The present thesis aims at: (i) enriching current evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness of tDCS and rTMS as adjuvant interventions to augment the response of the motor system to behavioral trainings; (ii) exploring the role of alternative routes (via premotor and posterior parietal cortices), beyond the primary motor cortex, for improving motor learning in healthy humans and (iii) uncovering the potential of tDCS for the treatment of upper-limb motor disorders in children with cerebral palsy (CP), which represents one of the most recent field of investigation in NIBS clinical literature. Within this framework, I have performed four studies (a meta-analysis, and three empirical investigations). Results from Study 1 indicate that the quality of available evidence for the use of tDCS and TMS as add-on interventions to boost motor training effects in adult stroke patients is still low, although some indications for the most effective stimulation protocols for either rTMS and tDCS are emerging. Study 2 shows that, beyond the primary motor cortex, the typical tDCS target for facilitating motor learning, premotor cortex stimulation has also a merit, since it can selectively improve the generalization of motor learning to untrained skills, at least in healthy individuals. The last two studies show that in children with CP, motor learning abilities may be impaired, as compared to those of age-matched typically-developing children; motor learning deficits in CP depends on the type of corticospinal reorganization that follows a brain injury (Study 3). In this pediatric population, tDCS seems unable to enhance motor learning of the affected hand, at least when the stimulation is delivered in a single session (Study 4), suggesting that more intensive and prolonged stimulation protocols are required for improving the chronic motor dysfunctions featuring CP.
Picchetto, Livio <1981>. "Disturbi respiratori del sonno in pazienti con stroke emorragico: prevalenza e impatto sull'outcome." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7453/1/ICHOSA.pdf.
Full textBackground: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is currently undertaken to impair ischemic stroke risk especially by intracranial pressure, blood flow, glucose metabolism, atherogenesis, blood coagulation, cardiac arrhythmia and arterial hypertension. In OSA patients hypertension is often related to drug resistance and modification in nocturnal blood pressure profile. In stroke patients with OSA has been observed an impairment of functional outcome. About OSA and intra cranial haemorrhage (ICH) few data are available in literature and most of them are anecdotal. We can speculate that OSA can affect on ICH by arterial hypertension. Methods: in this study we sought to test whether suspected OSA is more prevalent in ICH group than in control. In order to limit potential confounding variables associated with acute ICH, we tested by Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) referring to the previous 3 months before ICH. Secondarily, we tried to assess if OSA in ICH could affect on functional outcome (mRS) like disability or mortality, as described in ischemic stroke. For these purposes we recruited 111 ICH patients matched by sex, age, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) with 111 ischemic stroke patients and 111 controls. Results: In ICH patients we found BQ positivity in 30,6% vs 25,2% in ischemic stroke patients vs 13,5% in controls (p 0.01). Moreover BQ positive ICH patients had more disability, mortality, length of recovery, arterial hypertension, drug resistance hypertension and nocturnal blood pressure profile alteration, especially non dipper pattern, than BQ negative ICH. Conclusion: The results suggest that OSA can be considered a risk factor and a negative prognostic factor in ICH patients, as described before in ischemic stroke patients. Moreover we can considered this fenomena probably related to blood pressure alteration caused by sleep breathing disorder.
Picchetto, Livio <1981>. "Disturbi respiratori del sonno in pazienti con stroke emorragico: prevalenza e impatto sull'outcome." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7453/.
Full textBackground: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is currently undertaken to impair ischemic stroke risk especially by intracranial pressure, blood flow, glucose metabolism, atherogenesis, blood coagulation, cardiac arrhythmia and arterial hypertension. In OSA patients hypertension is often related to drug resistance and modification in nocturnal blood pressure profile. In stroke patients with OSA has been observed an impairment of functional outcome. About OSA and intra cranial haemorrhage (ICH) few data are available in literature and most of them are anecdotal. We can speculate that OSA can affect on ICH by arterial hypertension. Methods: in this study we sought to test whether suspected OSA is more prevalent in ICH group than in control. In order to limit potential confounding variables associated with acute ICH, we tested by Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) referring to the previous 3 months before ICH. Secondarily, we tried to assess if OSA in ICH could affect on functional outcome (mRS) like disability or mortality, as described in ischemic stroke. For these purposes we recruited 111 ICH patients matched by sex, age, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) with 111 ischemic stroke patients and 111 controls. Results: In ICH patients we found BQ positivity in 30,6% vs 25,2% in ischemic stroke patients vs 13,5% in controls (p 0.01). Moreover BQ positive ICH patients had more disability, mortality, length of recovery, arterial hypertension, drug resistance hypertension and nocturnal blood pressure profile alteration, especially non dipper pattern, than BQ negative ICH. Conclusion: The results suggest that OSA can be considered a risk factor and a negative prognostic factor in ICH patients, as described before in ischemic stroke patients. Moreover we can considered this fenomena probably related to blood pressure alteration caused by sleep breathing disorder.
CESNIK, Edward. "Studi neuroepidemiologici in Epilessia e Disturbi del Sonno." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388811.
Full textCagnetti, Claudia. "Distrofia miotonica tipo 1 (Malattia di Steinert) e disturbi del sonno: prevalenza e severità dei disturbi respiratori durante il sonno al momento della diagnosi e scarsa consapevolezza da parte del paziente." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/241873.
Full textBackground and purpose: Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is the most common dystrophy in adults. It is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by a variety of multisystemic features. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by trinucleotide expansion of CTG in the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase gene. Clinical manifestations of DM1 include respiratory disorders. The goals of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and the severity of respiratory disorders in DM1 patients at diagnosis and to assess the awareness of the patients about the disease and the respiratory condition. Patients and Methods: Consecutive patients with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of DM1 admitted in Clinica Neurologica of Ancona from September 2007 to October 2010 were enrolled at diagnosis. Patients underwent general and neurological physical examination, ophthalomological assessment, chest X-ray and electromyography (EMG). We analysed the clinical features of patients, the reason that led to diagnosis, the presence of symptoms suggestive of a respiratory disorder (such as fatigue, dyspnea, morning headache, etc). Nocturnal cardiorespiratory monitoring as well as spirometry and blood gases were performed in all DM1 patients. Myotonia and muscle weakness were rated using the five point muscular disability rating scale (MDRS) and excessive daytime sleepness was assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Were regarded as suffering from impaired lung function, patients who had at least one of the following: daytime PaCO2 ≥ 45 mm Hg, forced vital capacity (FVC) <80% predicted, AHI> 10 events per hour of sleep, SaO2 <90% for ≥ 5% of the night. Indication for Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIV) was one of PaCO2 ≥ 45 mm Hg, nocturnal oxygen saturation ≤ 88% for 5 consecutive minutes, FVC< 50% predicted. Results: Data were collected on 21 patients (11 female/10 male), mean age 39,7 years (range 19-61 years). EMG revealed typical myotonic changes in all patients. None of the patients had chest deformity. The reason that led to diagnosis of DM1 was the presence of a sick relative in 7 cases (33.35%), the myotonic phenomenon in 3 (14.3%), detection of iperCKemia to blood tests in 2 (9, 5%), weakness in 7 (33.35%) and other reasons (headache and dizziness) in 2 (9.5%). One third of patients appeared to have normal blood gases, spirometry and nocturnal parameters while the remaining 66,7% had impaired lung function. The impaired lung function test was just the nocturnal cardiorespiratory monitoring in one patient (5%), just the spirometry in two patients (10%), blood gases and nocturnal cardiorespiratory monitoring in one patient (5%), blood gases and spirometry in three patients (15%), spirometry and nocturnal cardiorespiratory monitoring in three patients (15%), all three tests in 4 patients (20%). Of the 14 subjects with impaired respiratory function 9 had a so severe situation to met the criteria for NIV. Only four of the 21 patients properly interrogated reported symptoms suggestive of impaired lung function. One of these patients had no impairment of lung function. Conclusions: We enrolled 21 DM1 patients in three years. Probably the incidence of DM1 in our region is significantly higher than expected according to the literature. The majority of the patients enrolled had evidence of impaired lung function. No significant relationships were found between subjective complaints, clinical-demographic features and respiratory compromission (p>0.005). Timely recognition of a respiratory compromission may lead to improved survival and quality of life by the application of non-invasive ventilatory support. Importance of monitoring respiratory function in patients with DM1 is designed to avoid emergency procedures such as intubation. In relation to the heterogeneity of respiratory involvement features, all the three pneumological tests should be performed in all DM1 patients from the time of diagnosis. The guidelines regarding the indication for NIV don't take into account the differences that exist between the various neuromuscular diseases, is therefore necessary to draw up specific guidelines for each neuromuscular disease and in particular for DM1.
Loddo, Giuseppe <1985>. "Dai risvegli confusi al sonnambulismo: aspetti clinici, videopolisonnografici e diagnosi differenziale dei disturbi dell'arousal nell'adulto." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9146/1/Loddo%C2%AD_Giuseppe_Doa%C2%AD.pdf.
Full textIntroduction Arousal Disorders (DOA) include Confusional Arousal, Sleepwalking and Sleep Terrors. Adult DOA do not seem to be harmless, as in childhood, and need to be differentiated from other sleep disorders such as Sleep Hypermotor Epilepsy (SHE) in which seizures have an increasing intensity and duration ranging from paroxysmal arousal to hyperkinetic seizures and epileptic nocturnal wandering. Objectives To describe the clinical and semeiological features of DOA in adulthood; to characterize the motor features of the episodes in order to identify key features that can assist in the differential diagnosis with SHE. Methods The study involved adult DOA and SHE patients and healthy subjects who underwent a full-night videopolysomnography (VPSG). All VPSGs were analyzed by 2 neurologists with experience in sleep disorders and epilepsy who identified all movements and episodes arising from sleep. Results Sixty DOA, 30 SHE patients, and 15 healthy subjects have been enrolled. A total of 114 VPSG have been analyzed, 334 DOA and 140 paroxysmal arousals have been recorded. Three semeiological motor patterns with increasing intensity and complexity have been identified: simple arousal movements, rising arousal movements and complex arousal with ambulatory movements. Duration, sleep stage at onset, limb involvement, movement progression and behaviours are different in the briefest episodes of SHE and DOA. Episodes occurred mostly during N3 and N2 NREM sleep stage in DOA and SHE patients respectively. Conclusions The study described clinical and semeiological features of DOA in adulthood identifying key features that can assist in the differential diagnosis with SHE.
Cevoli, Sabina <1970>. "Cefalee e sonno: Comorbilità emicrania associata al ciclo mestruale e disturbi del sonno-uno studio caso-controllo." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/489/1/tesi_dottorato.pdf.
Full textCevoli, Sabina <1970>. "Cefalee e sonno: Comorbilità emicrania associata al ciclo mestruale e disturbi del sonno-uno studio caso-controllo." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/489/.
Full textCarvalho, Maria Imaculada Merlin de. "Avaliação neurologica em escolares com dislexia do desenvolvimento." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312212.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Essa pesquisa foi proposta tendo como objetivo o estudo dos sinais neurológicos, utilizando semiologia neurológica detalhada, em um grupo de escolares portadores de dislexia do desenvolvimento, comparados a um grupo sem queixa escolar. O grupo disléxico foi constituído por 12 escolares com diagnóstico de dislexia do desenvolvimento comprovada pelas avaliações neuropsicológica, fonoaudiológica e neurológica; projeto de pesquisa aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição e os pais assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido; idade cronológica mínima de 8 anos. O grupo controle foi composto por escolares bons leitores, sem dificuldades ou distúrbios de aprendizagem, indicados por professores e avaliados pela fonoaudióloga, pareados com os disléxicos por gênero e idade. Foram excluídos os escolares com diagnóstico de distúrbio de aprendizagem, com deficiência auditiva e visual, deficiência mental, síndromes genéticas ou grandes malformações, não comparecimento à primeira avaliação após três convocações sucessivas. Foram avaliados pelo Exame Neurológico Tradicional (ENT), Exame Neurológico Evolutivo (ENE) e Quick Neurological Screening Test II (QNST-II). O ENT foi normal em todos os escolares do grupo controle e em três do grupo disléxico; a alteração mais freqüente foi leve hipotonia muscular global ou localizada em membros superiores, observada em oito escolares como um achado isolado ou associado a outras alterações. O ENE foi normal em todos os escolares do grupo controle e alterado em todos do grupo disléxico. Nenhum participante apresentou dificuldade em equilíbrio dinâmico. Dentre os setores alterados os mais freqüentes foram persistência motora e tono muscular. As alterações detectadas foram heterogêneas, não constituindo um padrão ao exame do grupo disléxico. O QNST-II foi normal em todos os escolares do grupo controle e alterado em todos os participantes do grupo disléxico. O QNST-II identificou o grupo disléxico, com mediana de pontuação total 33 ± 11,95, classificado como desvio moderado e o grupo controle com pontuação total de 13,5 ± 4,57, classificado como normal, com diferença significativa entre os grupos (p-valor = 0,0005, teste de Wilcoxon). Alguns subtestes mostraram mediana de pontuação significativamente maior no grupo disléxico: habilidade manual, reconhecimento e reprodução de figuras, reprodução de formas na palma da mão, padrões sonoros, movimentos manuais reversos rápidos e repetitivos, extensão de braços e pernas, ficar em uma só perna, irregularidades comportamentais. Concluiuse que o uso desta técnica de avaliação neurológica acrescentou novos elementos semióticos no estudo do grupo disléxico.
Abstract: The objective was to propose a study of neurological signs, using detailed neurological semiology in a group of school aged children that had developmental dyslexia, compared to a group without learning disabilities. A group of 12 students were identified as dyslexic group, (1 girl and 11 boys), after neuropsychological, speech therapist and neurological evaluations. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the institution and the families provided full informed consent; minimal chronological age of 8 years. They were matched on age and sex with the control group recruited in regular classroom placement, who were reading at grade level according to their school-teacher and the evaluation of the speech therapist. Those with learning disabilities, mental retardation, visual deficiency and hearing loss, genetic syndromes or malformations, or absence after three invitations were excluded. The Traditional Neurological Examination (TNE), Neurological Evolutional Examination (NEE) and Quick Neurological Screening Test II (QNST II) were used. The TNE was normal in the control group and in three of the dyslexic group. Muscular hypotonia was the most frequent alteration, observed in 8 schoolchildren. The NEE was normal in the control group and showed alterations in the entire dyslexic group. Nobody showed alteration in dynamic balance. The most altered items were the motor persistence and muscle tone. There was heterogeneous alterations, without a standard examination for the dislexic group. QNST II was normal in the control group and showed alterations in the entire dyslexic group. QNST II total scores correctly identified the dyslexic group, with median punctuation of total score 33 ± 11,95, classified as moderate discrepancy (MD) and the control group with 13,5 ± 4,57, classified as normal range (NR). The dyslexic group showed significantly higher scores than the control group (p-value = 0,0005, Wilcoxon test). Some subtests acted as a discriminator between the groups, with significantly higher scores in the dyslexic group in the subtests: hand skill, figure recognition and production, palm form recognition, sound patterns, rapidly reversing repetitive hand movements, arm and leg extension, stand on one leg, behavioral irregularities. We concluded that this technique of neurological evaluation added new semiotic elements in the study of the dyslexic group.
Mestrado
Neurologia
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
Oliveira, Karina Tamarozzi de. "Disturbio adquirido de linguagem em crianças com doença cerebrovascular : aquisição de linguagem em lactentes e pre-escolares." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311117.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A Doença Cérebrovascular (DCV) é uma das causas do Distúrbio Adquirido de Linguagem (DAL), acometendo entre outras funções mentais superiores, a linguagem. A literatura especializada nos mostra quadros de DAL sem caracterizar os subsistemas lingüísticos alterados nos sujeitos avaliados. Assim, objetivou-se nesta pesquisa a avaliação de linguagem contendo subsistemas fonético-fonológicos, morfossintáticos, semântico lexicais, pragmáticos e discursivo narrativos, incluindo também as noções perceptivacognitivascom o intuito de considerar os pré-requisitos para posterior aquisição da leitura e escrita favorecendo um mellior desempenho escolar. Buscou-se caracterizar o diagnóstico de DAL considerando a assimetria hemisférica precoce para linguagem em hemisfério esquerdo, paralelamente a comunicação pré-verbal como início do desenvolvimento da linguagem na criança. Foram avaliadas 10 crianças, sendo 5 sujeitos experimentais e 5 pareadas como controles, na ocasião da avaliação fonoaudiológica proposta estavam com a idade cronológica até 5 anos e 11 meses, formando um grupo pré-escolar. No grupo experimental (GE), 4 sujeitos são do sexo masculino e 1 do sexo feminino, e o grupo controle (GC) foi pareado em sexo, faixa etária e idade com o GE. No GE, 2 sujeitos tinham lesões no hemisfério esquerdo (SI e S5), um no hemisfério direito (S4) e dois com lesões bilaterais (S2 e S3). A DCV foi do tipo isquêmicaem SI, S2, S3 e S5 e hemorrágica em S4, confinnado na fase aguda através de exame neurológico clínico e de imagem, todos atendido nesta fase por médico neurologista infantilda Disciplina de Neurologia Infantil da FCMlUNICAMP. Todos os pacientes tiveram triagem audiológica indicativos de limiares normaIS. Na análise qualitativa dos 5 sujeitos experimentais do ponto de vista fonoaudiológico através da aplicação de protocolos, provas e testes padronizados de linguagem e para avaliação neurológica, por meio de exame neurológico com complementação de exames laboratoriais em líquidos orgânicos e exames de imagem, foi possível realizar diagnósticos e correlacioná-Iosem todos os sujeitos. Nosso estudo mostrou que a recuperação do DAL em 5 cnanças que apresentaram DCV avaliados na idade pré-escolar revelou comprometimentos da linguagemobjetivos e sutis nos processos de aprendizagem
Abstract: Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD) is an Acquired Aphasia in Children etiology (AAC), because can deteriorate among other abilities, the language. The AAC literature shows us language assessments without details of linguistic elements. Our objectives in this research was described the language evaluation with phonetic-phonological, syntactic, semantic lexical, pragmatic and discursive narrative characteristics. We also evaluated perceptive-cognitive notions to consider the basis for subsequent acquisitionof reading and writing favoring a better school development. It was looked for AAC diagnostic characteristics considering the precocious language hemispherical asymmetry in left hemisphere, paraliel to pre -verbal communication as beginning of language development children. We evaluated 10 children, being 5 experimental subjects and 5 controls, they were chronological age until 5 years and 11 months in language evaluation, composing a preschool group. In the experimental group (eG), 4 subjects are male and 1 female, and the control group (cG) respected same sex and age of eG. In eG, 2 subjects had lesions in the left hemisphere (SI and S5), one in the right hemisphere (S4) and two with bilaterallesions (S2 and S3). CVD was ischaemic type in SI, S2, S3 and S5 and haemorrhagic in S4, confirmed in the acute phase through clinical neurological exam and image. Ali children were assisted in this phase by child neurologist of the Discipline of Child Neurology of FCMIUNICAMP. Ali patients has normal thresholds hearing. In the qualitative ana1ysisof language for 5 children through the application of protocols, proofs and standardized tests of language and for neurological evaluation, through neurological exam with complementation of laboratory in organic liquids and imageexams, it was possible to accomplish diagnostics and correlate them in ali subjects. Our study showed that recovery of AAC in 5 children with CVD in preschool age revealed specificslanguage compromisingin learning processes
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
LANZA, DI SCALEA TERESA. "Correlati biologici di stress psicosociale in donne con disturbi dell'umore durante la transizione menopausale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1166.
Full textBackground: Psychosocial stress refers to acute or chronic events of psychological or social origin which challenge the homeostatic state of biological systems. Epidemiological data demonstrate that psychosocial factors may play a causal role in the chain of events leading to the metabolic syndrome in women in postmenopause. Also, psychosocial factors predict the risk for developing major depressive disorder in peri- and postmenopausal women. Objective: We present data from a cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 38 female inpatient with diagnosis of major depressive disorder which sought 1) to compare metabolic variables in postmenopausal and perimenopausal women and 2) to assess the relationship between psychosocial risk factor (social support, marital adjustment) and biological variables. Results: Postmenopausal women showed higher levels of waist circumference and sistolic blood pressure compared to age-matched perimenopausal women. Social support and marital adjustment were significantly associated with levels of plasmatic cortisol at awakening (single time point for blood withdrawal), irrespectively on the severity of current depression. Conclusions: Results from this study will inform future hypothesis regarding pathways that link psychosocial stress to morbidity in women during the menopausal transition.
Steiner, Carlos Eduardo 1969. "Aspectos geneticos e neurologicos do autismo : proposta de abordagem interdisciplinar na avaliação diagnostica do autismo e disturbios correlatos." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316515.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Mestrado
Ciasca, Sylvia Maria 1955. "Disturbios e dificuldades de aprendizagem em crianças : analise do diagnostico interdisciplinar." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311119.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo o diagnóstico e a análise de dados relativos a avaliação psicológica, neuropsicológica, neurológica e exames complementares em três grupos de crianças: normais, com dificuldade escolar e com distúrbios da aprendizagem. Foi nossa intenção mostrar quais instrumentos utilizados nas diversas avaliações discriminam ou não os três grupos pesquisados e como se comportam esses grupos quando comparados um a um. Para isso, foram estudadas 34 crianças, assim distribuídas, chegando-se a grupos significativos, caracterizados como: Grupo 1 - 11 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade média de nove anos e seis meses, com bom aproveitamento acadêmico, sem outro tipo de queixa física e/ou comportamental, selecionadas pela professora de uma escola pública da Região de Campinas; Grupo 2 12 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade média de nove anos e seis meses, com queixa de dificuldade escolar, porém sem queixas de ordem física ou comportamental; Grupo 3 - 11 crianças, com idade média de nove anos e seis meses, com queixa de dificuldade escolar associada a uma afecção neurológica não-incapacitante. Todas as crianças do grupo 2 e 3 freqüentavam escolas públicas e foram encaminhadas ao Ambulatório de Distúrbios de Aprendizagem no Departamento de Neurologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, por seus professores, por causa de dificuldades específicas em leitura, escrita e raciocínio matemático, ou dificuldades acadêmicas generalizadas; as crianças dos três grupos pertenciam ao nível sócio econômico baixo. Os procedimentos avaliativos utilizados mostraram-se inadequados e com desvios da função avaliativa, por não distinguirem os grupos propostos, onde notam-se alguns fatores significativos como: conseguiu-se observar a normalidade de forma global; diferenças pequenas ou tênues entre os grupo, não foram categorizadas; a conjugação de causas levou o Grupo 2 a portar-se como o Grupo 3; em algumas provas e exames, existiu uma pequena preponderância de um sobre o outro, mas os resultados, tanto psicológico, como neurológico, se equivaleram em ambos, por alguns fatores como: lateralidade, percepção visuoespacial e maturidade, outros dados obtidos, foram analisados estatisticamente e comparados à luz da literatura, considerando-se suas implicações no conceito, classificação e diagnóstico dos distúrbios e dificuldades da aprendizagem
Abstract: This study was designed to identify three types of children normal, those with difficulties in school not linked to neurological dysfunction, and those with learning disabilities by providing a diagnosis of their psychological, neuropsychological, and neurological status, as well as an analysis of complementary examninatios. 34 lower class children of both sexes (average age 9 years, 6 months) studying in public schools in the area of Campinas were studied, and separated in the three groups. Group 1 consisted of 11 normal children who are successful in school, not revealing any special physical or behavioral problems; Grupo 2 was composed of 12 children selected due to difficulties in school, although no physical or behavioral difficulties were reported; and Grupo 3 contained .11 children with difficulties in school associated with previously identified, non-incapacitating neurological dysfunction. The children in the first group were selected by their teachers, whereas those of the second and third were referred to the Clinic for Learning Disable Children of the Department of Neurology of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) by their teachers because of specific problems in reading, writing, mathematical reasoning or general academic difficulties. Eight evaluative procedures were used for the analysis of the experimental subjects, but these proved to be inadequate because they failed to distinguish between the groups. It was possible to identify the normal students in general, but no significant differences were revealed between members of the second and third groups for several of the instruments used. The most visible characteristics observed in these two latter groups (especially laterality, visual-spacial perception, and maturation) were analyzed statistically and compared to the results reported in the literature; their implications for concept definition, classification, and diagnosis of learning disabilities are explored
Doutorado
Doutor em Neurociencias
D'ANGELO, VINCENZA. "Alterazione della fosfodiesterasi 1B nei neuroni striatali di ratto dopo denervazione dopaminergica: possibile ruolo nei disturbi del movimento." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/436.
Full textIn the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinsonism, up-regulation of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 1B mRNA occurs in striatal neurons, associated with increased expression of PDE1B immunoreactivity. Our aim was to assess the functional expression of PDE1B in different subtypes of striatal neurons. We have investigated the co-localization of PDE1B in calbindin-positive projection neurons or CHAT-, PV-, and NOS-positive interneurons. Standard confocal microscopy techniques were performed, comparing lesioned vs. unlesioned striatum. PDE1B immunoreactivity increased in a sub-population of unidentified striatal neurons, but a significant decrease of PDE1B-positive calbindin co-localizing neurons emerged (from 63 to 37%) as a consequence of 6-OHDA lesion. At odds with this data, PDE1B co-localization resulted unchanged in CHAT-, PV- and NOS-positive interneurons. These preliminary results confirm that dopamine deprivation has a peculiar impact on the expression of PDE1B in different striatal cell types. Further analysis of double label immunofluorescence is in course to identify the sub-population of striatal neurons carrying on the increased expression of PDE1B in dopamine denervated striatal neurons. Increased of PDE1B may explain some new aspects of pathogenesis of degenerative basal ganglia disease.
Sousa, Ana Carolina Aquino de. "O IMPACTO SOBRE A PESSOA DO TERAPEUTA DO ATENDIMENTO AO CLIENTE BORDERLINE." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2004. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2000.
Full textThis research is an effort to explore, from a functional analytic perspective, the feelings that dealing with borderline clients causes in therapists. First, the therapeutic relationship is described as an instrument that can promote changes in the client s repertoires. This approach considers that if an individual behaves in relation to a therapist in the same way as he behaves in his daily life in relation to other people, these settings are functionally identical. So, changes in one context, will affect the others. Besides, the client s behaviors cause feelings in the therapist (a phenomenon known in psychotherapy literature as counter-transference) that can be used as cues about how other people feel in the client s daily life. So, the therapeutic relationship would be a context that makes in-vivo learning possible for the client, since the behavior can be immediately reinforced or weakened after its occurrence. Four behavioral therapists, who worked with borderline clients, took part in this research. The sessions were conducted weekly and lasted one hour each. Reports by the therapists concerning their feelings were recorded during semistructured interviews and during monthly supervisions with each therapist separately. All recordings were transcribed and explored according the methods of grounded theory. The results indicate that the therapists noted the occurrence of clinically relevant behaviors and countertransference in the therapeutic relationship. During supervision it was tried to lead the participants to use their own feelings (about the client) as cues to promote changes in clients behaviors. They reported that their clients punished many of their new behaviors they were coerced to continue reacting in ways that were complementary to the client s behaviors. The therapists what went back to behave in a way that was safe for them reinforced the problem behaviors of their clients. This counter-therapeutic behavior seems related to experiential avoidance. The results suggest that particular attention to interpersonal interactions during the session is important. It could avoid that the therapeutic relationship maintains the client s problems and can make it possible to take better advantage of the therapist s private responses.
O presente trabalho é um esforço em explorar sentimentos que o atendimento ao cliente borderline provoca em terapeutas, a partir de uma visão analítico-funcional. Primeiro, a relação terapêutica é descrita como um instrumento de mudança que pode promover mudanças no repertório do cliente. Esta abordagem parte do pressuposto de que se o indivíduo se comporta em relação ao terapeuta da mesma maneira que o faz no seu dia a dia com outras pessoas, esses ambientes são funcionalmente idênticos, e que, portanto, se um deles for mudado, esta alteração afetará os demais. Além disso, os sentimentos que os comportamentos do cliente provocam no terapeuta (fenômeno conhecido na literatura psicoterápica como contra-transferência) podem servir como dicas sobre o que outras pessoas do seu cotidiano sentem. Desta forma, a relação terapêutica seria um contexto que possibilita o aprendizado ao vivo para o indivíduo, já que o comportamento pode ser reforçado ou enfraquecido imediatamente após a sua ocorrência. Participaram deste trabalho, quatro terapeutas comportamentais que atendiam clientes borderlines. Elas realizavam os atendimentos semanalmente com sessões de uma hora de duração. Relatos de sentimentos dos terapeutas foram gravados durante entrevistas semiestruturadas e durante supervisões mensais com cada terapeuta separadamente. Todas as gravações foram transcritas e exploradas de acordo com os métodos da teoria fundamentada nos dados. Os resultados apontaram que os terapeutas percebem a ocorrência de comportamentos clinicamente relevantes e de contra-transferência na relação terapêutica. Tentou-se, nas supervisões, levar as participantes a utilizar dos seus próprios sentimentos em relação ao cliente, como dicas para atuar de modo a promover mudanças no repertório do cliente. Elas relataram que muitos dos novos comportamentos adotados por elas, foram punidos pelos seus clientes sendo isto coerção para continuar reagir de forma complementar aos seus comportamentos. As terapeutas, que voltavam a se comportar de modo mais seguro para si reforçaram os comportamentos problemáticos dos clientes. Tal comportamento contra-terapêutico parece relacionado com a esquiva experiencial. Os resultados sugerem que atenção particular para os padrões interpessoais durante a sessão poderia evitar que a relação terapêutica chegasse a manter os problemas do cliente e que um melhor proveito das respostas encobertas do terapeuta para este fim é possível.
Carvalho, Raphael Torres Santos. "Transformada Wavelet na detecÃÃo de patologias da laringe." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8908.
Full textA quantidade de mÃtodos nÃo invasivos de diagnÃstico tem aumentado devido à necessidade de exames simples, rÃpidos e indolores. Por conta do crescimento da tecnologia que fornece os meios necessÃrios para a extraÃÃo e processamento de sinais, novos mÃtodos de anÃlise tÃm sido desenvolvidos para compreender a complexidade dos sinais de voz. Este trabalho de dissertaÃÃo apresenta uma nova ideia para caracterizar os sinais de voz saudÃvel e patolÃgicos baseado em uma ferramenta matemÃtica amplamente conhecida na literatura, a Transformada Wavelet (WT). O conjunto de dados utilizado neste trabalho consiste de 60 amostras de vozes divididas em quatro classes de amostras, uma de indivÃduos saudÃveis e as outras trÃs de pessoas com nÃdulo vocal, edema de Reinke e disfonia neurolÃgica. Todas as amostras foram gravadas usando a vogal sustentada /a/ do PortuguÃs Brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos por todos os classificadores de padrÃes estudados mostram que a abordagem proposta usando WT à uma tÃcnica adequada para discriminaÃÃo entre vozes saudÃvel e patolÃgica, e apresentaram resultados similares ou superiores a da tÃcnica clÃssica quanto à taxa de reconhecimento.
The amount of non-invasive methods of diagnosis has increased due to the need for simple, quick and painless tests. Due to the growth of technology that provides the means for extraction and signal processing, new analytical methods have been developed to help the understanding of analysis of the complexity of the voice signals. This dissertation presents a new idea to characterize signals of healthy and pathological voice based on one mathematical tools widely known in the literature, Wavelet Transform (WT). The speech data were used in this work consists of 60 voice samples divided into four classes of samples: one from healthy individuals and three from people with vocal fold nodules, Reinkeâs edema and neurological dysphonia. All the samples were recorded using the vowel /a/ in Brazilian Portuguese. The obtained results by all the pattern classifiers studied indicate that the proposed approach using WT is a suitable technique to discriminate between healthy and pathological voices, since they perform similarly to or even better than classical technique, concerning recognition rates.
Doody, Rachelle Smith. "Aphasia: Some neurological, anthropological and postmodern implications of disturbed speech." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16508.
Full textREALMUTO, Sabrina. "Approccio multidimensionale ai disturbi non motori della Malattia di Parkinson." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/85829.
Full textBAIAMONTE, Valentina. "DISTURBI DEL SONNO REM E NON-REM IN SOGGETTI AFFETTI DA DEMENZE DEGENERATIVE TAU-CORRELATE." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/94716.
Full textGAMMINO, Matilde. "Valutazione della sonnolenza diurna e dei disturbi del sonno in una popolazione di pazienti epilettici." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/95155.
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