Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Distributions à queues lourdes'
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Rivoire, Manon. "Risk measures in finance, Backtesting, Sensitivity and Robustness." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX042.
Full textIn Chapter 1, we focus on two time transformations: the time-translation and the time-scaling and on the related properties called the stationarity and the self-similarity. We prove the stationarity and self-similarity properties of the processes first in a the very general framework of the Hilbert spaces; then in a the more specific framework of the the Gaussian Hilbert space where the properties are proved in distribution (weak sense) and in a trajectory sense (strict sense). We also provide examples of such processes called standard Brownian motion and fractional Brownian motion (fBm), in the univariate and multivariate frameworks (mfBm). In Chapter 2, we propose to describe price trajectories using fractional geometric Brownian motions. This allows adding correlations between logarithmic returns to express long-range dependency. Logarithmic returns are then described using self-similar Gaussian processes with stationary and correlated increments, the fBm's and mfBm's. In this framework, risk measures that are based on the loss distribution, can then be accurately predicted taking into account the long-range dependency. We focus on predicting the most commonly used risk measure by regulators, called Value-at-Risk (VaR). We introduce a model that provides a Gaussian approximation of Value-at-Risk (VaR) for the assets portfolio under fractional dynamics (mfBm). We provide a quantification of the error of approximation and we carry out backtesting experiments on simulated and market data. In Chapter 3, we propose to model the loss distribution with a heavy-tailed distribution that better takes into account the extreme events, called the Pareto distribution that presents interesting properties of scaling and stability by conditioning and to replace VaR by Expected-Shortfall which is more sensitive to the tail risk. The objective is to explore non-asymptotic robust methods for estimating ES in heavy-tailed distributions such that the Median-of-Means, the Trimmed-Means, and the Lee-Valiant estimators that we compare to the empirical mean estimator (asymptotic). We study their bias and their convergence rate
Aleiyouka, Mohalilou. "Sur la dépendance des queues de distributions." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH28/document.
Full textThe modeling of the dependence between several variables can focus either on the positive or negative correlation between the variables, or on other more effective ways, which determine the tails dependence of distributions.In this thesis, we are interested in the tail dependence of distributions, by presenting some properties and results. Firstly, we obtain the limit tail dependence coefficient for the generalized hyperbolic law according to different parameter values of this law. Then, we exhibit some properties and results of die extremal dependence coefficient in the case where the random variables follow a unitary Fréchet law.Finally, we present a Real Time Database ManagementSystems (RDBMS). The goal is to propose probabilistic models to study thebehavior of real-time transactions, in order to optimize its performance
Joly, Emilien. "Estimation robuste pour des distributions à queue lourde." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS216/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in estimating the mean of heavy-tailed random variables. We focus on a robust estimation of the mean approach as an alternative to the classical empirical mean estimation. The goal is to develop sub-Gaussian concentration inequalities for the estimating error. In other words, we seek strong concentration results usually obtained for bounded random variables, in the context where the bounded condition is replaced by a finite variance condition. Two existing estimators of the mean of a real-valued random variable are invoked and their concentration results are recalled. Several new higher dimension adaptations are discussed. Using those estimators, we introduce a new version of empirical risk minimization for heavy-tailed random variables. Some applications are developed. These results are illustrated by simulations on artificial data samples. Lastly, we study the multivariate case in the U-statistics context. A natural generalization of existing estimators is offered, once again, by previous estimators
Worms, Rym. "Vitesses de convergence pour l'approximation des queues de distributions." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MARN0091.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to provide some rates of convergence for the Generalized Pareto approximation of the excesses. In the first chapter, we determine the rate of uniform convergence of the distribution of the excesses, suitably normalized, towards its Generalized Pareto limit, using first and second order conditions that ensure that the distribution we consider lies in one of the three maximum domains of attraction. The second chapter is devoted to the study of the relative approximation error of a high quatile by the quantile of the Generalized Pareto limit, for distributions in the Fréchet or the Gumbel maximum domain of attraction, with infinite end-point. We provide sufficient conditions on the order of the considered quantile and the threshold that we use to define the excesses, in order to ensure that this relative error tends to 0. In the third chapter, we provide conditions for a penultimate approximation of the excesses to exist. In other words, we look for a sequence of Generalised Pareto Distributions that approximate the excesses better than the ultimate one. We study the uniform rate of convergence of the distribution of the excesses towards its penultimate approximation
Brahimi, Mammar. "Approximating multi-server queues with inhomgeneous arrival rates and continuous service time distributions." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254028.
Full textChang, Emmanuel. "QCD sur réseaux et les propriétés des mésons lourd-légers : les distributions radiales dans les mésons lourd-légers et le mélange Bº-B̄º dans la limite statique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077204.
Full textPhenomenology of the heavy-light mesons is investigated by using QCD simulations on the lattice. The work is particularly focused on the light quark dynamics in the heavy-light Systems when the heavy quark is infinitely heavy. The mass splitting between the excited and the lowest lying states has been studied with the unquenched lattice data containing SN__f=2S dynamical light quarks. A very high accuracy of the lattice results for the coupling to the pions is achieved through several improvements over previous lattice computations of these couplings. Moreover, the present study provides a new method which allows for the first lattice determination of the pion emission in the transition between the first excited and the lowest lying heavy-light meson. These couplings are necessary ingredients for the description of heavy-light mesons by an effective theory known as the Heavy Meson Chiral Perturbation Theory. They are also essential in the chiral extrapolations of the lattice results for the quantities which are relevant to the SBS-physics phenomenology. Special attention is devoted to the improvement of the technique of Computing the static heavy quark propagator on the lattice by using the hyper-cubic blocking techniques (HYP). We then make a detailed study of the matrix elements of ail parity conserving four-quark S\Delta B=2S operators which enter the theoretical description of the SB~0S-S\bar B~0S mixing amplitude in the Standard Model, and in its supersymmetric extensions. This is the first such study with HYP-blocked Wilson lines, which provides us with an extra benefit: the spurious mixing of operators computed on the lattice is much smaller with respect to what has been done in the past. Renormalization and matching of Heavy Quark Effective Theory on the lattice to the continuum QCD is made by using boosted perturbation theory. A short discussion of impact of our results on the SBS-physics phenomenology is provided too
Lekina, Alexandre. "Estimation non-paramétrique des quantiles extrêmes conditionnels." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM065.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to propose new estimators of extreme quantiles in the conditional case, that is to say in the situation where the variable of interest Y, supposed to be random and real, is recorded simultaneously with some covariate information X. To this aim, we focus on the case where the conditional distribution of Y given X = x is “heavy-tailed”. Two situations are considered. First, when the covariate is deterministic and finite-dimensional or infinite-dimensional (i. E functional covariate), we propose to estimate the extreme quantiles by the “moving window approach“. The asymptotic distribution of the proposed estimators is given in the case where the quantile is in the range of data or near and even beyond the sample. Next, when the covariate is random and finite-dimensional, we show that under some conditions, it is possible to estimate these extreme quantiles using a kernel estimator of the conditional survival function. As a consequence, this result allows us to introduce two smooth versions of the conditional tail index estimator necessary to extrapolate. Asymptotic distributions of these estimators are established. Furthermore, we also considered the case without covariate. When the underlying, the cumulative distribution function is “heavy-tailed”. A new unconditional extreme quantile estimator is introduced and studied. To assess the behavior of all our new statistical tools, numerical experiments on simulated data are provided and illustrations on real datasets are presented
Lekina, Alexandre. "Estimation non-paramétrique des quantiles extrêmes conditionnels." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529476.
Full textMethni, Jonathan El. "Contributions à l'estimation de quantiles extrêmes. Applications à des données environnementales." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM035/document.
Full textThis thesis can be viewed within the context of extreme value statistics. It provides two main contributions to this subject area. In the recent literature on extreme value statistics, a model on tail distributions which encompasses Pareto-type distributions as well as Weibull tail-distributions has been introduced. The two main types of decreasing of the survival function are thus modeled. An estimator of extreme quantiles has been deduced from this model, but it depends on two unknown parameters, making it useless in practical situations. The first contribution of this thesis is to propose estimators of these parameters. Plugging our estimators in the previous extreme quantiles estimator allows us to estimate extreme quantiles from Pareto-type and Weibull tail-distributions in an unified way. The asymptotic distributions of our three new estimators are established and their efficiency is illustrated on a simulation study and on a real data set of exceedances of the Nidd river in the Yorkshire (England). The second contribution of this thesis is the introduction and the estimation of a new risk measure, the so-called Conditional Tail Moment. It is defined as the moment of order a>0 of the loss distribution above the quantile of order p in (0,1) of the survival function. Estimating the Conditional Tail Moment permits to estimate all risk measures based on conditional moments such as the Value-at-Risk, the Conditional Tail Expectation, the Conditional Value-at-Risk, the Conditional Tail Variance or the Conditional Tail Skewness. Here, we focus on the estimation of these risk measures in case of extreme losses i.e. when p converges to 0 when the size of the sample increases. It is moreover assumed that the loss distribution is heavy-tailed and depends on a covariate. The estimation method thus combines nonparametric kernel methods with extreme-value statistics. The asymptotic distribution of the estimators is established and their finite sample behavior is illustrated both on simulated data and on a real data set of daily rainfalls in the Cévennes-Vivarais region (France)
Loiseau, Patrick. "Contributions à l'analyse des lois d'échelles et de la qualité de service dans les réseaux : aspects expérimentaux et théoriques." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00533073.
Full textBoucharel, Julien. "Modes de variabilité climatique dans l'océan Pacifique tropical : quantification des non-linéarités et rôle sur les changements de régimes climatiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720706.
Full textBoucharel, Julien. "Modes de variabilité climatique dans l'océan Pacifique tropical : quantification des non-linéarités et rôle sur les changements de régimes climatiques." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1663/.
Full textENSO is the dominant mode of climate variability in the Pacific, having widespread socio-economical impacts. ENSO characteristics have been observed to exhibit substantial irregular variability from decadal to millennial timescales. The origin of such richness in ENSO variability timescales is likely due to the combined effects of timescales interaction processes within the tropical Pacific (through self-sustained nonlinear dynamics) and to external forcing (e. G. Volcanic activity, changes in greenhouse gases. . . ). In this thesis, we propose a new statistical framework that allows documenting high statistical moments in observed and simulated timeseries and that provides a robust estimation of nonlinearity in the tropical coupled system. As a first step, from the analysis of long-term CGCM simulations and extended reconstructed SST data sets, it is demonstrated that an interaction between interdecadal mean state changes in the tropical Pacific and extreme El Niño events probability occurs. This supports the hypothesis of ENSO variability being rectified at a wide range of frequencies by the slowly varying mean state through nonlinear processes phase-locked to the seasonal cycle alternatively in the Western and Eastern tropical Pacific. We then question to which extent the increase in greenhouse gases can alter the ENSO properties with a focus on its nonlinear character. Taking advantage of the IPCC database and different projections scenarios, nonlinearities are diagnosed in a model ensemble; and a relevant metric of the change in nonlinearity due to climate change is defined. This new metric allows highlighting a zonal see-saw in nonlinearity patterns associated with the change in El Niño characteristics observed in recent years. The traditional 20th century El Niño fingerprint, localized in the Cold Tongue, is robustly displaced westward in a warmer climate leading to El Niño Modoki-type patterns. We relate this switch in El Niño types to a change in nonlinearity pattern from present-day climate to a warmer climate. Secondly, we focused on the eastern tropical Pacific and the Humboldt Current System modelling and especially on the ability of Galapagos Islands and intra-seasonal activity in rectifying their mean state. Unlike recent studies, we put into perspective the role of this archipelago in altering this regional mean state. On the other hand, the intra seasonal Kelvin waves activity has the potential to revitalize the local mean circulation, the vertical stratification and therefore the Eastern Pacific dynamics, which in turn may have the potential to affect ENSO through upscaling effects
Torri, Niccolò. "Phénomènes de localisation et d’universalité pour des polymères aléatoires." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10114/document.
Full textThe pinning model describes the behavior of a Markov chain in interaction with a distinguished state. This interaction can attract or repel the Markov chain path with a force tuned by two parameters, h and β. If β = 0 we obtain the homogeneous pinning model, which is completely solvable. The disordered pinning model, i.e. when β > 0, is most challenging and mathematically interesting. In this case the interaction depends on an external source of randomness, independent of the Markov chain, called disorder. The interaction is realized by perturbing the original Markov chain law via a Gibbs measure, which defines the Pinning Model. Our main aim is to understand the structure of a typical Markov chain path under this new probability measure. The first research topic of this thesis is the pinning model in which the disorder is heavy-tailed and the return times of the Markov chain have a sub-exponential distribution. In our second result we consider a pinning model with a light-tailed disorder and the return times of the Markov chain with a polynomial tail distribution, with exponent α > 0. It is possible to show that there exists a critical point, h(β). Our goal is to understand the behavior of the critical point when β -> 0. The answer depends on the value of α and in the literature there are precise results only for the case α < ½ et α > 1. We show that for α ∈ (1/2, 1) the behavior of the pinning model in the weak disorder limit is universal and the critical point, suitably rescaled, converges to the related quantity of a continuum model
Jaunâtre, Kévin. "Analyse et modélisation statistique de données de consommation électrique." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS520.
Full textIn October 2014, the French Environment & Energy Management Agency with the ENEDIS company started a research project named SOLENN ("SOLidarité ENergie iNovation") with multiple objectives such as the study of the control of the electric consumption by following the households and to secure the electric supply. The SOLENN project was lead by the ADEME and took place in Lorient, France. The main goal of this project is to improve the knowledge of the households concerning the saving of electric energy. In this context, we describe a method to estimate extreme quantiles and probabilites of rare events which is implemented in a R package. Then, we propose an extension of the famous Cox's proportional hazards model which allows the etimation of the probabilites of rare events. Finally, we give an application of some statistics models developped in this document on electric consumption data sets which were useful for the SOLENN project. A first application is linked to the electric constraint program directed by ENEDIS in order to secure the electric network. The houses are under a reduction of their maximal power for a short period of time. The goal is to study how the household behaves during this period of time. A second application concern the utilisation of the multiple regression model to study the effect of individuals visits on the electric consumption. The goal is to study the impact on the electric consumption for the week or the month following a visit
Tillier, Charles. "Processus et indicateurs de risque en assurance non-vie et sécurité alimentaire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100192.
Full textRisk analyses play a leading role within fields such as dietary risk, hydrology, nuclear security, finance and insurance and is more and more present in theapplications of various probability tools and statistical methods. We see a significant impact on the scientific literature and on public institutions in the past years. Risk theory, which is really close to extreme value analysis, typically deals with the occurrences of rare events which are functions of heavy-tailed random variables, for example, sums or products of regularly varying random variables. The purpose of this thesis is the following : to develop revelant risk indicators and to study the extremal properties of stochastic processes used in dietary risk assessment and in insurance. In Chapter 1, we present the main tools used in risk theory and the notion of regular variation and introduce different models involved in dietary risk assessment, which will be specifically studied in Chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 2 presents a joint work with Olivier Wintenberger. For a particular class of stochastic processes, under the assumption of regular variation, we propose a method that gives way to asymptotic equivalents on a finite-time horizon of risk indicators such as the ruin probability, the Expected Time over a Threshold or the Expected Severity of the ruin. Chapter 3 focuses on dietary risk models. To be precise, we study the extremal properties of an extension of a model called KDEM for Kinetic Dietary Exposure Model introduced by Patrice Bertail and his co-authors in 2008. Under the assumption of regular variation, we provide asymptotic equivalents for the tail behavior and the extremal index of the exposure process. In Chapter 4, we review different statistical tools specifically tailored for the study of the extremal behavior of Markov processes. Thanks to regeneration properties, we can split the path of observations into blocks which are independent and identically distributed. This technic still works even if the Markov chain is not atomic. We focus here on the estimation of the tail index and the extremal index. We illustrate the performance of these technics applying them on two models in insurance and finance for which we know the theoritical results
Carreau, Julie. "Modèles Pareto hybrides pour distributions asymétriques et à queues lourdes." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17889.
Full textLiu, Yunan. "Many-Server Queues with Time-Varying Arrivals, Customer Abandonment, and non-Exponential Distributions." Thesis, 2011. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8XW4RS9.
Full textBarjesteh, Nasser. "Duality relations in finite queueing models." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7715.
Full textDeme, El Hadji. "Quelques contributions à la Théorie univariée des Valeurs Extrêmes et Estimation des mesures de risque actuariel pour des pertes à queues lourdes." Phd thesis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069382.
Full textTsafack, Kemassong Georges Desire. "Asymmetric dependence modeling and implications for international diversification and risk management." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2157.
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