Dissertations / Theses: 'Distribution centres'

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Weiblen, Judith [Verfasser]. "Determining Cycle Times for Packing in Distribution Centres / Judith Weiblen." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1185651845/34.

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Faure, Lucile. "Evaluation de la performance économique des Centres de Distribution Urbaine." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0803/document.

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Les villes sont de plus en plus au cœur d’enjeux contradictoires. D’un côté le e-commerce a considérablement augmenté les flux circulant en ville. D’un autre côté on aspire à créer des espaces de vie agréables et piétons, dans lesquels les véhicules de marchandises sont souvent proscrits. L’approvisionnement est pourtant indispensable pour conserver l’attractivité de la ville.Face à cela, la logistique urbaine est apparue, visant à organiser le dernier maillon de la chaine logistique en élaborant des solutions dont les aires de livraison, la réglementation ou encore les Centres de Distribution Urbaine (CDU). Il s’agit d’une plateforme de mutualisation logistique, localisée à proximité du centre-ville et des grands axes routiers. Sa mission est de consolider le fret à destination de la ville afin de réduire le nombre de camions et d’utiliser des modes de livraison doux tel le véhicule électrique ou le triporteur.Pourtant les CDU peinent à atteindre une zone d’équilibre économique. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’identifier si un CDU peut être rentable dans une ville européenne de taille moyenne. Nous montrerons que oui mais sous certaines conditions que nous préciserons et testerons.Pour cela, nous avons développé deux modèles, l’un économique basé sur les coûts opérationnels du CDU, et l’autre physique basé sur les temps du processus de livraison. Ce dernier présente l’intérêt d’identifier des leviers pour améliorer la performance économique du CDU et de pouvoir tester leur impact. Nous avons illustré certains leviers dans une étude de cas au cours de laquelle l’impact de la morphologie, le type de véhicules ou encore le prix de vente, par ex., ont été testés
The supply of freight inside cities is the last link of global logistics. Cities are actually in the middle of contradictory issues. On one hand the e-commerce revolution has significantly increased the ingoing flow inside the city. On the other hand people yearn to create pleasant pedestrian spaces of life in which vehicles are not welcome. Yet, freight supply is required to keep the attractiveness of city. It is necessary to provide solutions meeting all these needs.A lot of solutions have been studied to face city logistics issues. Among them, we focus our research on a flow pooling solution exploiting an Urban Consolidation Centre (UCC). It consists of a centralization platform for the distribution of freight intended for the city centre. The purpose is to pool freight from different carriers to limit the use of resources in urban areas. This kind of project is particularly designed to avoid semis from entering the city. Thus, the warehouse is located as close as possible to city centres as well as being as accessible as possible for carriers.Despite the enthusiasm for the UCC concept, this type of solution has not shown much success until now. That is why we choose to concentrate our approach on the observation and assessment of logistics costs to operate a UCC in real life with the aim to answer the question: Can an UCC be viable in a middle size European city? Particularly, we show this is the case but with some specific conditions that we present in details.To do so, we developed two models: the first one is an economical model based on operational costs and the second is a physical model based on the study of process ‘times. The combination between both models gave the opportunity to highlight some levers. Then we tested these levers on case studies and we suggest some improvement of the performance thanks to a new logistics organisation called « Physical Internet »

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Soosay, Claudine A., University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and School of Management. "Continuous innovation in logistics services: an empirical study of distribution centres." THESIS_CLAB_MAN_Soosay_C.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/794.

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This study explores the concept and practical implementation of continuous innovation in logistics services, particularly Distribution Centres. Continuous innovation is a concept that requires a methodical, programmed, incremental and/or radical approach to business improvement involving employees at all levels in the organisational structure. Theories and models of innovation were analysed in the literature, at the outset of this research. As found by previous authors, specific characteristics of service forms did not allow direct application of traditional models of innovation. Most of these traditional models were constructed from the manufacturing perspective. As a result, a new innovation model was designed for this study. It can be used as a guide for understanding the components necessary in service forms to embark on continuous innovation. This model describes the process of service innovation and incorporates theories from literature, and some variables from the CIMA model. The study is exploratory in nature, using empirical data. The study identified, evaluated, compared and contrasted the factors in ten Distribution Centres in Australia and in Singapore that affected the use of continuous innovation in their operations and processes. The focus of the study investigated the drivers, capabilities, behaviours, contingencies, individual competencies and performance measures of innovation in Distribution Centres with logistics services. Overall, this study has made significant contributions in terms of the theoretical investigation adding to the body of literature. This study was exploratory, using case studies as a first hand approach in gaining an understanding of Distribution Centres. There are areas that would merit further investigation and future research. It suggested that additional work should be carried out to expand on this research and refine the model to meet the needs of a wider range of organisations in various service industries. In addition, there are recommendations flowing from this study concerning the practical management of logistics operations. They are addressed mainly to senior management who typically take lead in the implementation of innovative programmes within the organisation. Firms should address continuous innovation as a planned and integrated approach, taking into account many interacting factors that are essential for successful innovation. The challenge facing Distribution Centres is to develop efficient and flexible processes and systems, by continuously innovating to sustain a leading edge in the logistics industry
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Soosay, Claudine Antoinette. "Continuous innovation in logistics services : an empirical study of distribution centres /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031020.143123/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003.
"A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy"--t.p. "March 2003" Bibliography: p. 347 - 381.

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El-Nakib, Islam. "A proposal for Egyptian regional distribution centres for the COMESA market." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2008. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5871/.

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The objective of this research was to assess the feasibility of establishing Egyptian RDCs in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) in order to enhance Egyptian export flows to that economic bloc. The research hypothesis was that the volume of Egyptian exports within the COMESA market would be enhanced through the establishment of a network of RDCs. Intensive analysis of COMESA imports was conducted in order to understand the nature of the demand in the COMESA market and explore the export potential for Egyptian products. To increase the competitiveness of Egyptian exports to the COMESA market the research proposes the establishment of an RDC network in COMESA. Two models were used to select the locations for the Egyptian RDCs network within COMESA countries. The first model was used to set the criteria for the location decision within COMESA countries from a logistics perspective. The second model was used to assess the selected locations through criteria pertaining to several external factors such as economic and political stability, local infrastructure and geographical locations. Kenya, Djibouti and Tanzania are the three countries which proved to be the optimal locations to establish a generic network of Egyptian RDCs for the COMESA market. The factors which are adversely affecting the competitiveness of Egyptian exports to the COMESA countries were assessed based on three stages of export flows from the manufacturers' facilities in Egypt until reaching each country in COMESA via the RDCs. The first stage is from the Egyptian manufacturers' locations to the Egyptian seaports, the second from the Egyptian seaports to the seaport of the receiving country in which the RDC is located, and finally the third stage from the location of the RDC to the COMESA market for redistribution to the end users. In order to test the results from these models, two questionnaires were conducted to target Egyptian exporters and COMESA importers to investigate their views regarding the establishment of the Egyptian RDC network to serve the COMESA market. The findings of the questionnaires revealed that the COMESA market is a good gateway for Egyptian exports, however, a number of problems render the benefits from such a market to be a challenge to achieve. Therefore, the research has focused on recommended actions to be considered in potential implementation strategies through a schematic model to enhance the flows of Egyptian exports to the COMESA market and to overcome the hindrances in achieving a competitive position within this market.

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Pitcher, P. G. "Distribution of electrically active centres in boron implanted cadmium mercury telluride." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1986. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847907/.

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The objective of this work was to investigate the distribution of donor-like centres produced by boron implantation into p-type, Bridgeman grown Hg[0.8]Cd[0.2]Te and fabricate photodiodes from implanted substrates. Low carrier concentration substrates, 4-5x10[16]cm[-3], were implanted at room temperature with dose rates (&phis;) of 4x10[-2] or 6x10[-3]muAcm[-2], to a total dose of 1 x 10[15]B[+] cm[-2] (50,100keV) or 1x10[14]B[+]cm[-2] (150keV), respectively. Encapsulated specimens were annealed at 200°C or 235°C to activate the dopant or redistribute electrically active radiation damage centres to produce p-n junctions. The effects of materials processing on Hg[l-x]Cd[x]Te was investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Concentration profiles of electrically active centres were obtained from differential measurements of the Hall effect and resistivity at 77K. Through a comparison of distributions in as-implanted and annealed samples, the nature of donor-like centres forming the distributions were established. The quality of photodiodes produced from identical samples was assessed through current-voltage, capacitance-voltage and optoelectronic measurements. The nature and distribution of donor-like centres are dependent upon the dose rate of boron ions. An immobile defect is contained within the implanted region. Mercury interstitials (Hg[int]) are complexed within the implanted region for &phis; > 4x10[-2] muAcm[-2]. Irradiation enhanced diffusion of Hg[int] occurs if &phis; < 6x10[-3] muAcm[-2]. Thermal annealing redistributes bound and unbound accompanied by recombination with mercury vacancies and the formation of electrically neutral complexes. Annealing at 235°C for 10 mins completely removes the donor-like activity ascribed to Hg's [int] and reduces the concentration of electrically active immobile defects. P-N junctions are formed between the mercury vacancy distribution and unbound Hg's[int] or the immobile damage centres in annealed substrates. Junction formation is inhibited by the formation of the bound Hg[int] complex. Optimum R[o]A[j] products may be obtained from junctions formed from the immobile defect centre, although degradation of the implanted region occurs after annealing at 235°C. Anodic oxides grow by the differential electromigration of ions, which can produce a passivating layer to further anodization. The native oxide on Hg[0.8] Cd[0.2] Te is an ill-defined chemical mixture of the primary elements (Cd, Hg, Te). Native oxides degrade the R[o]A product of p-n junctions.

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André, Marie-Elisabeth. "Les contrats de la grande distribution." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10008.

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Les contrats de la grande distribution mettent essentiellement en presence trois et le fournisseurs. Leurs relations s'organisent autour de trois senarios selon que le groupement pratique l'achat en vue de la revente, la representation des distributeurs ou selon une formule de tres large pratique, le referencement; les types de contrats alors conclus vont lier tour a tour le distributeur et le groupement titre 1 le groupement et le fournisseur titre ii le fournisseur et le distributeur titre iii et offrent un important exemple de groupe de contrats
Large distribution contracts are essentially binding three parties : the buying association, affiliated or member distributors and suppliers their commercial relations can be organized to three differnt formulars wether the buying association buys for resale purposes, distributor representation or, the very widespread practice of referencing various types of contract can them bind one to one, the distributoranel buying association (title 1). The buying association and suppliers (title 2); the supplier and distributor (title 3) and they offer an important example of groups of contracts buying association - referencing - affiliation - commercial cooperation promotion purchase sale brokerage obligation to inform competion discount invoice groups of contracts

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Baker, Peter. "The Role, Design and Operation of Distribution Centres in Agile Supply Chains." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3022.

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The aim of this research is to explore the role of distribution centres (DCs) in agile supply chains, together with how they should be designed, operated and their performances measured within this context. The research is based, first of all, on a survey to ascertain the current situation, and then a series of case studies of international supply chains, DC designs, DC operations, and warehouse automation projects. The techniques used include questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, quantitative measures where appropriate and qualitative measures based on 5-point Likert scales. A number of constructs are used, particularly from supply chain agility and manufacturing agility literature, and these are refined and extended to form the basis for the research. The findings indicate that a prime role of distribution centres, particularly in terms of inventory-holding, is consistent with the decoupling point concept. Further roles for distribution centres in agile supply chains include cross-docking, postponement activities, and returns. The research identifies five types of agility, namely volume, time, unit quantity, presentation and information. The responses to these different types can then be categorised according to the combination of levels (i.e. supply chain, business unit, distribution network, and distribution centre), by the type of resource used (i.e. land / building, equipment, staff, and process / systems), and by how these are deployed (i.e. extra capacity, additional resources when needed, and flexible resources). Agility measurement can be undertaken using the categories of range, mobility and uniformity. With markets becoming more volatile, agility can offer a key source of competitive advantage. However, warehouses are by their nature long-term fixed assets and therefore difficult to incorporate into an agile strategy. The series of frameworks developed during this research begins to address this important area and thus forms a basis for further research as well as providing some initial frameworks to assist practitioners.

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Trauman, Danièle. "L'intégration des centres commerciaux régionaux dans les structures nouvelles urbaines de la région Île-de-France." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010011.

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Brown, Sarah Krystyna. "The distribution and development of eruptive centres and lava flow-field characteristics at Somma-Vesuvius, Italy." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-distribution-and-development-of-eruptive-centres-and-lava-flowfield-characteristics-at-sommavesuvius-italy(5ce1bfb2-dc28-4513-b1a4-62d4eaedcff3).html.

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Vesuvius in Southern Italy is among the most densely populated active volcanoes on Earth. Although famous for its Plinian eruption that destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum in AD 79, its recent activity, between 1631 and 1944, was primarily effusive. Data from field studies, analogue modelling and historical accounts are here combined to investigate Vesuvius’ activity during this latest eruptive phase and to identify behavioural trends of value for enhancing emergency responses during future unrest. The focus of this study is on the activity of 1631-1944, and data have been compiled for 183 eruptions during this period. Further data regarding earlier flank eruptions have been incorporated permitting a more comprehensive examination of these infrequent events. Such flank vents have been concentrated on the southern flanks at about 300m above sea level and a mean distance of 4.2 km from the summit. A submarine pit crater, newly correlated here with the 1861 eruption, highlights the potential for vents to form at almost twice the mean distance from the summit and further than previously considered. Analogue studies of magma injection, using a gelatine model, have shown that the vent distribution is consistent with a regional stress field modified by gravitational stresses due to the size and shape of the volcanic edifice. The study of the 1631 to 1944 lava flow-fields shows that lavas from flank vents reached similar lengths to summit and lateral vent flow-fields, all with mean lengths around 4km. Over half of all lava flow-fields extended to beyond 4km from the crater, and so threatened the principal settlements around the foot of the volcano. The flow-fields had typical surface areas of less than 5 km², and approximately a third reached their maximum length within a week. Flank eruptions normally occurred when the summit crater was full of lava and were commonly preceded by three days of elevated seismicity. Such events can thus potentially be forecast with at least a 24-hour warning and, even after an eruption has begun, several days may be available before a settlement is threatened. The design of an effective emergency response to future effusions is thus a feasible objective.

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Lablanche, Chrystelle. "La création d’un centre commercial." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD030/document.

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Pousser un caddie dans les allées d'un supermarché. Peser soi-même ses fruits et légumes. Avoir le choix entre plusieurs marques pour un même article. Ce sont des gestes que nous effectuons quotidiennement, presque par automatisme. Toutefois cela n'a pas toujours été le cas et il est curieux de constater à quelle vitesse le mode de vie des français a changé. Cette recherche a pour objet d'étudier le lien qui s'est noué entre le droit et la grande distribution. Le cœur de ce travail se situe au niveau du processus de création du centre commercial. Ce centre névralgique de notre société consumériste est l'objet de nombreux débats tant juridiques, que politiques ou économiques. Cette recherche permet de faire le constat de l'état de la législation aujourd'hui concernant la grande distribution. Au-delà de l'intérêt que ce travail représente pour toute personne intéressée par les rouages du fonctionnement d'un centre commercial, cette étude permet également d'analyser de façon subsidiaire les multiples changements de volontés politiques vis-à-vis de ce géant économique que représentent les acteurs de l'ombre de la grande distribution. Tantôt aidée par le législateur, tantôt freinée, l'exorbitante multiplication des centres commerciaux demeure une réalité qui fit et fera toujours couler beaucoup d'encre; derrière ce fait, se cachent des enjeux non négligeables tels que la désertification des centres villes, la disparition des producteurs locaux, la mondialisation ou bien encore la question du pouvoir d'achat des français
Pushing a trolley along the lines of a supermaket. Weighing alone fruits and vegetables. Having a choice between various brands for a given item. These are actions that we do daily, almost automatically. However this has not been always the case and it is quite surprising to see how the behaviour of french people has changed. This work is aimed at studying the connection which has grown between law and department stores.The core of the present work lays in the process of creation of a shopping center. This critical center of our consumerist society is a subject for various discussions, either juridical or political as well as economical.This research work enables an appreciation of the present condition of the law applied today to department stores.Beyond the interest of this work for anyone liking to know more about the opérations of a shopping center, this study enables also to analyse subsidiarily the many changes affecting the political decisions, vis a vis an economical giant, built by the shadowy actors of the department stores.In some cases being helped by law makers, in other cases being slowed down the exorbitant growth of the number of shopping center is a fact which led to a lot of writings.Behind this fact are hidden various important stakes such as desertification of town centers, extinction of local producers, world wide operations, or the level of the buying power of french people

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Mukkara, Mallikarjuna Reddy, and Borja Marin Boillos. "Identifying the key organizational factors for introducing Lean Six Sigma in distribution centres : An exploratory case study." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50902.

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Purpose: Lean Six Sigma has been playing a vital role in numerous organizations to enhance the productivity of the Supply Chain by reducing “waste and variance”. During Lean Six Sigma implementation, a change is introduced in the organization, the purpose is to understand the organizational change in this context in order not to end up failing in the implementation of this technique. Different factors affect organizational change, such as communication, successful implementation of ideas, training, empowerment of employees, the impact of unions, and support from the management. However, out of these factors, from the workforce perspective, which ones act as facilitators, and which ones act as barriers? Method: The approach that has been followed is the abductive approach as an interchange between theory and method, by combining deduction and induction. In the abductive research method, the research process starts with surprising facts or puzzling situations, and the research process is dedicated to their explanation. Findings: The study has identified if communication, successful implementation of ideas, developmental training of the workforce, empowerment of employees, management support, and employee unions act either as a barrier or a facilitator during the implementations of lean six sigma methods. Implications: By studying how these factors are acting (barriers or facilitators) there would be a certain help for the organizations in understanding the perspective of the employees in adapting to the change. This will ease the process, which would, in turn, help the organizations in an efficient implementation of Lean Six Sigma methods. Furthermore, it was found that the inclusion of Employees in decision making from an early stage will lead to efficiency in the implementation. Another implication that was found is that informal communication is as important as formal during the implementation of lean six sigma methods. Limitations: This study is based on one company.

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Navereau, Brice. "Le commerce alimentaire de proximité dans le centre-ville des grandes agglomérations : l’exemple de Toulouse et de Saragosse." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20069/document.

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Au-delà de replacer les transformations du paysage commercial alimentaire dans deux contextes urbains différents, cette thèse a pour objectif de montrer qu’à travers le renouvellement de l’appareil marchand de proximité dans les centres-villes, il est possible de mettre en perspective les évolutions plus générales de la ville contemporaine. Qu’elle soit considérée compacte (Saragosse), ou au contraire diffuse (Toulouse), celle-ci présente des points forts et des faiblesses qui révèlent la difficulté de trouver une fabrique idéale de la ville ou plus modestement de promouvoir une organisation commerciale plus qu’une autre. La proximité redessinée au spectre du temps laisse ainsi entrevoir des réajustements incessants qui initiés par les mutations des formes, des formats, et des règlementations restent surtout insufflés par les aspirations versatiles des chalands. Exogènes ou endogènes, mobiles ou «assignés à résidence», ils restent au final, les principaux artisans de la reconfiguration globale de la ville par leur façon d’entreprendre l’espace urbain en général, mais aussi les territoires du quotidien. L’observation des pratiques les plus banales, permettent alors de pointer les disparités socio-spatiales les plus stigmatisantes
Commercial activities are key indicators of social and urban changes. Studying the evolution of grocery stores located in city centers, we concentrate our work on the geographic and social analysis of these commercial mutations in two different metropolitan areas. We compare and analyse these dynamics in Zaragoza (Spain), described as a compact city, and in Toulouse (France), considered as a critical example of uncontrolled urban sprawl. The weaknesses, forces and sustainability (in a social and environmental way) of these two urban morphologies are confronted. The contemporary idea of impulsing a perfect urban model, in a sense where all part of cities would be "close" in space and time by controlling the location of commercial activities, emerge as another urban utopia. Even if national and local authorities produce planning documents to reduce commuting related to shopping, consumers habits explain the major part of the urban recombinations observed. Finally, using a common indicator such as grocery stores enhance the usual social and spatial segregation our urban societies have to deal with

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Leifgen, Matthias. "Protocols and components for quantum key distribution." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17473.

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In dieser Doktorarbeit werden zwei Konzepte der Quanteninformationsverarbeitung realisiert. Der Quantenschlüsselaustausch ist revolutionär, weil er perfekte Sicherheit gewährleistet. Zahlreiche Quantenkryptografieprotokolle wurden schon untersucht. Zwei Probleme bestehen. Zum einen ist es sehr schwer, die Bedingungen herzustellen, die in den Annahmen für perfekte Sicherheit impliziert sind. Zum anderen sind die Reichweiten auf momentan etwa 200 km begrenzt, aufgrund des abnehmenden Signals gegenüber des konstanten Rauschens. Ein Experiment dieser Doktorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem ersten Problem. Insbesondere der übertragene Quantenzustands ist kritisch für die Sicherheit des Verfahrens. Es werden Einzelphotonen von Stickstoff- Fehlstellen-Zentren und zum ersten Mal von Silizium-Fehlstellen-Zentren für einen Quantenschlüsselaustausch mit Hilfe des BB84-Protokolls benutzt. Die Abweichung von idealen Einzelphotonenzuständen sowie deren Bedeutung für die Sicherheit werden analysiert. Die Übertragung von Quantenzuständen via Satellit könnte das Problem der begrenzten Reichweite lösen. Das neue Frequenz-Zeit- Protokoll eignet sich dafür besonders gut. Es wird während dieser Arbeit zum ersten Mal überhaupt implementiert. Umfangreiche Untersuchungen inklusive der Variation wesentlicher experimenteller Parameter geben Aufschluss über die Leistungsfähigkeit und Sicherheit des Protokolls. Außerdem werden elementare Bestandteile eines vollautomatischen Experiments zum Quantenschlüsselaustausch über Glasfasern in der sogenannten Time-bin-Implementierung mit autonomem Sender und Empfänger realisiert. Ein anderes Konzept der Quanteninformationsverarbeitung ist die Herstellung zufälliger Bitfolgen durch den Quantenzufall. Zufällige Bitfolgen haben zahlreiche Anwendungsgebiete in der Kryptografie und der Informatik. Die Realisierung eines Quantenzufallszahlengenerators mit mathematisch beschreibbarer und getesteter Zufälligkeit und hoher Bitrate wird ebenfalls beschrieben.
In this thesis, photonic quantum states are used for experimental realisations of two different concepts of quantum information processing. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is revolutionary because it is the only cryptographic scheme offering unconditional security. Two major problems prevail: Firstly, matching the conditions for unconditional security is challenging, secondly, long distance communication beyond 200 km is very demanding because an increasingly attenuated quantum state starts to fail the competition with constant noise. One experiment accomplished in this thesis is concerned with the first problem. The realisation of the actual quantum state is critical. Single photon states from nitrogen and for the first time also silicon vacancy defect centres are used for a QKD transmission under the BB84 (Bennett and Brassard 1984). The deviation of the used single photon states from the ideal state is thoroughly investigated and the information an eavesdropper obtains due to this deviation is analysed. Transmitting quantum states via satellites is a potential solution to the limited achievable distances in QKD. A novel protocol particularly suited for this is implemented for the first time in this thesis, the frequency-time (FT) protocol. The protocol is thoroughly investigated by varying the experimental parameters over a wide range and by evaluating the impact on the performance and the security. Finally, big steps towards a fully automated fibre-based BB84 QKD experiment in the time-bin implementation with autonomous sender and receiver units are accomplished. Another important concept using quantum mechanical properties as a resource is a quantum random number generator (QRNG). Random numbers are used for various applications in computing and cryptography. A QRNG supplying bits with high and quantifiable randomness at a record-breaking rate is reported and the statistical properties of the random output is thoroughly tested.

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Ochs, Adeline. "Groupage d'enseignes et de points de vente : étude des déterminants et des effets : le cas des centres commerciaux." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020020.

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Cette recherche doctorale traite des stratégies de localisation relative des commerces. Elle se fonde sur les théories de localisation qui montrent que le regroupement géographique de points de vente favorise les synergies spatiales. Les objectifs de la recherche doctorale sont d'identifier les déterminants du groupage des points de vente dans un centre commercial et d'identifier l'impact du groupage sur la performance. La méthodologie de recherche correspond à un processus en trois étapes. L'étude ethnomarketing préliminaire a pour objet d'identifier les critères de groupage des points de vente et de définir les caractèristiques de la zone. La recherche empirique centrale correspond à l'étude de sept cas de groupage dans trois centres commeciaux et vise à identifier l'impact du groupage des points de vente sur leur performance économique. Enfin, une étude auprès des chalands porte sur l'identification de l'impact du zonage sur leurs perceptions de l'image de l'offre. Les résultats de la recherche doctorale montrent que le groupage des points de vente a un impact sur la performance économique. La nature de l'impact économique (positif, négatif ou neutre) varie selon la nature des critères de groupage des points de vente, les caractéristiques du groupage et les frontières d'influence de la zone. La recherche doctorale a permis d'aboutir à une catégorisation des critères de regroupement selon leur rôle sur la performance économique. Les résultats de la recherche doctorale montrent le rôle majeur de deux types de variables : la situation d'usage liée à l'offre de produits et la cible de clientèle. De plus, trois frontières d'influence ont été identifiées en fonction de différents facteurs : le "coeur de zone", "la zone interface" et le "hors zone".

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Allgurén, Olivia, and Sanna Patama. "Securing the just-in-time delivery for the after-market : Study at Volvo car customer service." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för maskinteknik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-7786.

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The thesis has been performed at Volvo Car Customer Service in Gothenburg, Sweden. The output from the study will support Volvo to secure the Just-In-Time delivery of referrals for the after-market. The scope was limited to referrals from pre-planned orders, which occurs when there is no availability in the distribution centre where the orders were placed. Volvo's main warehouse in Europe is the Central Distribution Centre, which process referrals. The warehouse had an ongoing organisational change during this study. The concern was that the change would not lead to optimal conditions for processing referrals for different markets. It was therefore important to preserve the market knowledge in order to maintain a reliable referral service. A qualitative study was used and the information was gathered primarily through semi-structured interviews. Literature was studied both initially and continuously through the study. Analyse of the literature, current situation and data collection generated ideas for possible ways of securing the referral process and improvements. Benchmarking and Workshop was also performed in order to obtain further ideas. The result of this study was an information material containing information about all concerned markets, overview of referral flow and information regarding how the Central Distribution Centre needs to print referrals. The proposals suggested for future work were explained in long- and short-term. The short-term suggestions include use of the developed material in order to preserve the knowledge along with providing correct working conditions. For long-term suggestions focus has been on how to reduce or remove the printing problem. For future work Volvo Car Customer Service should consider these proposals in order to secure and improve the referral service.

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Butery, Laurent. "Centres commerçants urbains et cross-canalité : perspectives théoriques et enjeux pratiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E079.

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Ce travail doctoral est né à l’occasion d’une recherche sur la prospective du commerce urbain réalisée avec le soutien de la Direction Générale Adjointe chargée de l’Appui aux Entreprises de la CCI Paris Ile de France (Badot, Lemoine et Butery, 2013). Les rencontres avec les experts en charge du commerce nous ont révélé l’importance des transformations du secteur marchand impacté par l’arrivée du digital, les peurs et les freins qui en résultent, notamment lorsqu’il s’agit de mettre en œuvre ces nouveaux dispositifs de vente cross-canal
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Jarma, Yesid. "Protection de ressources dans des centres de données d'entreprise : architectures et protocoles." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666232.

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Au cours des dernières années, l'apparition de l'Internet a changé la façon dont les affaires sont menées partout dans le monde. Pour rester compétitives, les entreprises ont déployé du support informatique pour les processus métiers au fil des années. Dans ce contexte, les architectures orientées service (SOA) ont émergé comme la solution principale pour l'intégration des systèmes patrimoniaux avec les nouvelles technologies au coeur des grandes organisations. Les centres de traitement de données d'entreprise qui implémentent les concepts et solutions des SOA sont normalement déployés en suivant une architecture à deux niveaux où, pour libérer les serveurs de services des tâches computationnelles intensives (e.g., l'analyse syntaxique de documents XML) et pour effectuer de la protection de ressources, ces fonctions sont déchargées dans un cluster d'appliances qui implémentent des fonctions des réseaux orientées service (SON). Dans les centres de traitement, l'accès aux services est gouverné par des contrats de garantie de services (SLA), dont le but est de protéger les ressources du centre de traitement. Actuellement, les appliances SON sont utilisées pour protéger les ressources du centre de traitement en limitant l'accès (e.g., en contrôlant le trafic) aux services. Le provisionnement et l'optimisation de ressources sont des problèmes classiques de la gestion de la QoS. En outre, le contrôle de trafic est un problème très connu de l'ingénierie de trafic. Cependant, dans les centres de traitement orientés service le problème est fondamentalement diffèrent. Dans les réseaux classiques, les ressources protégée par la fonction de mise en conformité sont normalement la bande passante et la taille des mémoires tampon, dont les unités de mesure sont clairement définies et mesurées avec précision. Dans un centre de traitement, les métriques des ressources sont comprises pour la plupart dans un des types suivants: puissance de calcul et mémoire des serveurs d'application (CPU et RAM), capacité de stockage des serveurs de stockage (espace en disque dur), et la bande passante du réseau interne du centre de traitement. Une autre différence fondamentale est que, dans les réseaux dits "classiques", le contrôle de trafic a une étendue locale, puisque le trafic prend la conformité d'une connexion simple. Dans un centre de traitement, les clients de service accèdent aux services à partir de multiples points d'entrée (p.ex., un cluster d'appliances SON). Ainsi, l'effet désiré est une mise en conformité "globale" du trafic. Le défi est donc faire respecter les contrats de service en agissant localement dans chaque point d'entrée. Cette thèse apporte trois contributions. D'abord nous proposons DoWSS, un algorithme dynamique basé sur des crédits pour la mise en conformité de trafic multipoint-à-point. À la différence des approches existantes basées sur des crédits, notre approche utilise une stratégie doublement pondérée pour l'affectation de crédits, en utilisant des poids basés sur la taille des requêtes de service. L'évaluation de DoWSS montre que ses performances sont optimales puisqu'il limite le nombre de requêtes au maximum permis par le contrat de service. Par la suite, nous affirmons que les appliances SON actuelles présentent des limitations architecturales qui les empêchent d'être utilisées efficacement pour la mise en conformité de trafic en présence d'hôtes de service multiples. Pour palier à ce problème, nous proposons MuST, une architecture interne pour les appliances SON appropriée pour la mise en conformité de trafic multi-service. L'évaluation des performances de notre approche montre qu'elle résout le problème de la mise en conformité de trafic multipoint-à-multipoint tout en poussant le système à être utilisé à sa capacité maximale. Finalement, actuellement les applications sont souvent déployées dans des centres de données géographiquement distribués. Les approches existantes pour la mise en conformité de trafic, lesquelles ont étés conçues spécifiquement pour des centres de données aménagés sur un même site, présentent des problèmes liés aux latences réseau quand ils sont utilisés dans des environnements géographiquement distribués. Pour palier à ce problème, nous proposons GeoDS, un approche pour la mise en conformité du trafic géographiquement distribué qui considère les délais de communication entre les entités qui forment le système. L'évaluation de ses performances montre qu'il est capable de résoudre efficacement le problème de la mise en conformité du trafic dans les environnements géographiquement distribués.

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Agrebi, Maroi. "Méthodes d'aide à la décision multi-attribut et multi-acteur pour résoudre le problème de sélection dans un environnement certain/incertain : cas de la localisation des centres de distribution." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0013/document.

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Le travail de recherche présenté dans cette thèse s’inscrit dans la continuité des travaux de l’aide à la décision multi-critère de groupe (décideurs), particulièrement dans le champ de sélection de la localisation des centres de distribution. Dans un environnement certain, si la décision de sélection de la localisation des centres de distribution a donné lieu à plusieurs travaux de recherche, elle n’a jamais été l’objet, à notre connaissance, d’une décision prise par plusieurs décideurs. À cet égard, le premier objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une méthode d’aide à la décision multi-attribut et multi-acteur (MAADM) pour résoudre le problème posé. Pour se faire, nous avons adapté et étendu la méthode ELECTRE I. Dans un environnement incertain, au vu de l’incertitude inhérente et l’imprécision du processus décisionnel humain ainsi que les comportements futurs du marché et des entreprises, le deuxième objectif de cette thèse est de développer une méthode floue d’aide à la décision multi-attribut et multi-acteur (FMAADM) pour traiter le problème en question. Pour cela, nous avons couplé la méthode MAADM avec la théorie des ensembles flous. Pour la validation des deux contributions, nous avons conçu un système d’aide à la décision (S-DSS) pour implémenter les algorithmes de la méthode MAADM et la méthode FMAADM. Sur la base du S-DSS, deux études expérimentales ont été menées. Nous avons, aussi, appliqué une analyse de sensibilité pour vérifier la sensibilité de la solution retenue vis-à-vis aux variations de poids des critères d’évaluation. Les résultats obtenus prouvent que les deux méthodes proposées répondent à l’objectif recherché et ainsi retenues pour la sélection de la meilleure localisation dans un contexte certain/incertain de multi-attribut et multi-acteur
The research work presented in this thesis is part of the works’ continuity on multi-criteria group (decision-makers) decision-making, particularly in the field of the distribution centers’ location selection. Under certain environment, although the decision to select the location of the distribution centers has given rise in several research works, it has never been the object, to our knowledge, of a decision taken by several decision makers. In this regard, the first objective of this thesis is to develop a multi-attribute and multi-actor decision-making method (MAADM) to resolve the posed problem. For this purpose, we have adapted and extended the ELECTRE I method. Under uncertain environment, In view of the inherent uncertainty and inaccuracy of human decision-making, the future behavior of the market and companies, the second objective of this thesis is to propose a fuzzy multi-attribute and multi-actor decision-making method (FMAADM) to treat the problem in question. To this end, we have coupled the MAADM method with the fuzzy set theory. To validate the two contributions, we designed a decision support system (S-DSS) to implement the MAADM method and the FMAADM method. Based on the S-DSS, two experimental studies were conducted. We also applied a sensitivity analysis to verify the sensitivity of the solution retained vis-a-vis to weights’ variations of evaluation criteria. The obtained results prove that the MAADM method and the FMAADM method meet the desired objective and thus retained for the selection of the best location under certain/uncertain context of multi-attribute and multi-actor

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Laroche, Sylvie. "L'architecture commerciale à l'usage des villes : ambiances, pratiques et projets." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH036/document.

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L'architecture commerciale s'est largement développée depuis plusieurs décennies sous la forme d'espaces insulaires privés, présentant une multipolarisation de l'offre et générant des milieux difficiles à traiter et intégrer. Cette recherche porte précisément sur la qualification des équipements commerciaux dans leur relation à leur contexte urbain limitrophe. Nous les abordons comme générateurs de milieux ambiants spécifiques sur leurs abords et sous l'angle de leur emprise sur la ville. L'objectif de cette thèse est ainsi d'analyser les effets d'implantation des commerces de grande envergure sur les espaces proches, et de formuler des critères de conception concernant leurs relations aux tissus urbains et aux paysages environnants. Quels sont les facteurs permettant une meilleure articulation des équipements commerciaux avec leurs contextes à retenir, afin de repenser les stratégies urbaines et les modèles de conception ? Quelles sont les évolutions dans la composition de leurs enveloppes et dans les espaces publics attenants ? Comment engager les acteurs privés et publics à intégrer des dimensions qualitatives incluant des ambiances dans la planification du commerce de grande distribution dans la ville ? L'hypothèse de ce travail est de porter attention aux limites spatiales et sensibles entre les espaces privés commerciaux et publics urbains, partant du fait que c'est une des conditions pour développer des opportunités d'urbanité aux abords des équipements commerciaux. Pour évaluer cette hypothèse, nous avons choisi d'investir deux cas : le centre commercial Beaulieu récemment réhabilité sur l'Île de Nantes, et le pôle de commerces et de loisirs Carré de Soie à Vaulx-en-Velin. Il s'agit d'explorer les qualités spatiales des deux équipements commerciaux et de leurs environnements tout en interrogeant les stratégies urbaines déployées dans ces deux opérations (la première est une réhabilitation et la seconde une création nouvelle). L'analyse des situations préexistantes et du processus d'établissement permet de saisir les origines et mécanismes de projet. L'approche in situ est conduite à partir des interfaces sensibles pour saisir les espaces accessibles aux piétons ainsi que les enjeux d'ambiance et d'usage. Cette démarche s'appuie sur des entretiens auprès des acteurs principaux de la fonction commerciale et à travers l'observation et de mesures in situ. À partir de ces investigations, des configurations d'emprise du commerce sur la ville sont distinguées. L'identification de ces configurations d'ambiances nous permet d'explorer trois scénarii possibles pour le futur, et de préciser les degrés de continuité urbaine du commerce sur le territoire. Ils intéressent directement la planification et la conception du commerce dans la ville afin de gérer les multiples équipements commerciaux existants, d'anticiper les évolutions des formats de commerce et de proposer de nouvelles interfaces sensibles avec leur contexte proche
Business architecture has largely developed itself for decades in the form of private insular spaces. These spaces show a multi-focusing of the offer, and generate areas difficult to treat and integrate. This research is precisely about the qualification of business facilities and their relationship to their close urban context. We take them as generators of specific sensitive space and through the angle of their take on the city. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the effects of implanting large-scale businesses in nearby areas, and to formulate conception criterias about their relationships to urban fabric and nearby landscapes. What are the factors that allow a better articulation of the business facilities while keeping attention to their context, so as to rethink the urban strategies and the conception designs? What are the evolutions in the structure of their construction, and the evolutions in the nearby public spaces? How could we get public and private actors to integrate dimensions of quality, including ambiances in the planning of retail trade in the city? The hypothesis of this work is to give attention to the spatial and perceptible limits between private business areas and public urban areas, using as a starting point the fact that it is one of the necessary conditions to develop urban opportunities in the general area of business facilities. To validate this hypothesis, we have chosen to study two cases: the Beaulieu shopping centre that was rehabilitated not long ago on Ile de Nantes, and the shopping and leisure centre Carré de Soie in Vaulx-en-Velin. The goal is to explore the spatial qualities of the two business facilities and their surroundings, all this while questioning the urban strategies deployed in these two operations (the first on is a rehabilitation and the second one is a new creation). The analyze of the pre-exiting situations and of the integration process allows to realize the origins and the mechanisms of the project. The in situ approach is done from nearby spaces around business facilities to get spaces accessible to pedestrians as well as the question of atmosphere and use. This reasoning lies on discussions with the main actors of the business planning and through the observation and in situ measures. For these investigations, it is possible to distinguish different grips on city business. The identification of these ambiance layouts allows us to explore three possible scenarios for the future, and to specify the levels of urban continuity for business on the territory. They directly affect the planning and conception of business in the city, so as to manage multiple existing business facilities, to anticipate the evolutions of the business sizes, and to suggest new nearby space around facilities with their nearby context

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21

Ferret, Mas Josep. "Distributive justice, political legitimacy, and independent financial insitutions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399031.

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In the present dissertation I present a broad instrumental account of the legitimacy of independent central banks. I claim that if the right institutional design is chosen, and it protects democratic participation in several ways and promotes sorne basic distributional goals of the government, the institution of central bank independence might be legitimate, and thus the government might not weaken its own right to rule, or moral authority to crea te enforceable political obligations, when it delegates control over monetary policy to an independent agency. I also offer a sufficientarian account of the central bank's duties of distributive justice, which claims that the concern to insulate monetary policy from electoral manipulation does not require pursuing only the goal of eliminating inefficiency. The bank should, in addition, protect and promote the basic distributional values of the government. I argue that independent central banks should also protect individuals from unemployment, since monetary policy has such deep effects on employment, and they should to manage the risks generated by financia} regulations in ways that avoid jeopardizing the provision of a social mínimum, a precondition for any legitimate set of basic structural institutions. Finally, the international aspect of my dissertation explores four arguments to claim that the asymmetries between the least competitive countries and their competitors have been exacerbated by the Eurozone and cannot adequately be dealt with by relying only in intra-state solidarity.
En aquesta tesi defensa que la legitimitat de la independencia dels bancs centrals independents pot ser reconeguda per una concepció amplia de l'instrumentalisme. Si el disseny institucional és l'adequat, i protegiex la participació democriitica de diverses formes i promou els valors distributius basics del govern, la institució dels bancs centrals independents pot ser legítima, i per tant el govern no debilita el seu dret a governar, ni la seva autoritat moral per crear obligacions polítiques subjectes de ser executables, quan delega les seves funcions en una agent independent. Així mateU: presento una visió suficientarista dels deures de justicia distributiva del banc central, que sosté que la preocupació per ai"llar la política monetaria de la manipulació electoralista no requereU: perseguir com a únic objectiu la eliminació de la ineficiencia. Els bancs centrals independents han de protegir els individus de l'atur, atesa la influencia de la política monetaria en les polítiques d'ocupació, i han de gestionar els riscos generats per la regulació financera de manera que no impedeixin la provisió d'un mínim social, que és una pre-condició per a la legitimitat de qualsevol conjunt d'institucions basiques estructurals. Finalment, l'aspecte internacional de la tesi explora quatre arguments per justificar que les assimetries entre els pai"sos menys competitius i els seus competidors s'han exacerbat per la creació de l'Eurozona i no poden ser gestionades adequadament si es confia solament amb la solidaritat intra-estatal.

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Dubreuil, François. "Recruter sur un marché interne : les justifications des décisions d'attribution d'emploi de cadre, au sein d'une entreprise française de distribution d'énergie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23947/23947_1.pdf.

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Mouawad, Nelly. "Mass distribution at the galactic centre." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976548097.

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Silva, Rafael Mozart da. "Impactos da utilização de tecnologias logísticas na atividade de separação de pedidos no ambiente de armazenagem de produtos prontos: estudo de caso em uma empresa de serviços." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2010. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2359.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:05:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 19
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O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar os impactos ocorridos com a implementação de tecnologia logística na atividade de separação de pedidos de produtos acabados em um centro de distribuição de uma empresa comercial gaúcha que trabalha com estoque e uma quantidade elevada de itens. A empresa realizou investimento em tecnologia na separação de pedidos, atividade esta considerada de alta complexidade na área de armazenagem, por impactar diretamente no tempo do ciclo de pedido. Para a realização da pesquisa, foi realizada revisão teórica sobre os conceitos de logística de distribuição, ciclo do pedido e, além disso, verificaram-se as tecnologias logísticas disponíveis na literatura e no mercado aplicáveis à atividade de separação de pedidos. O processo de separação de pedidos da empresa, até o ano de 2005, era realizado de forma manual, ou seja, os pedidos eram separados com papel e alto grau de interferência humana e sem uma gestão adequada dos recursos disponíveis. Foi organizado um grupo focado com especialis
The objective of this research is to examine the impacts that occur with the implementation of logistics technology in the activity of picking the finished product in a distribution center of a commercial gaucho who works with stock and a high amount of items. The company made investments in technology in the separation of applications, activity is considered high complexity in the storage area by directly impact the cycle time of request. To perform the study has theoretical review on the concepts of distribution logistics, order cycle and, moreover, there were logistical technologies available in the literature and the market activity for the picking. The process of picking the company by the year 2005 was done manually, ie, the applications were separated with paper and a high degree of human interference and without proper management of available resources. Organized a focus group with specialists in logistics, in order to identify points to be raised with the company and to prepare a questionnaire that c

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Parikh, Pratik J. "Designing Order Picking Systems for Distribution Centers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28951.

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This research addresses decisions involved in the design of an order picking system in a distribution center. A distribution center (DC) in a logistics system is responsible for obtaining materials from different suppliers and assembling (or sorting) them to fulfill a number of different customer orders. Order picking, which is a key activity in a DC, refers to the operation through which items are retrieved from storage locations to fulfill customer orders. Several decisions are involved when designing an order picking system (OPS). Some of these decisions include the identification of the picking-area layout, configuration of the storage system, and determination of the storage policy, picking method, picking strategy, material handling system, pick-assist technology, etc. For a given set of these parameters, the best design depends on the objective function (e.g., maximizing throughout, minimizing cost, etc.) being optimized. The overall goal of this research is to develop a set of analytical models for OPS design. The idea is to help an OPS designer to identify the best performing alternatives out of a large number of possible alternatives. Such models will complement experienced-based or simulation-based approaches, with the goal of improving the efficiency and efficacy of the design process. In this dissertation we focus on the following two key OPS design issues: configuration of the storage system and selection between batch and zone order picking strategies. Several factors that affect these decisions are identified in this dissertation; a common factor amongst these being picker blocking. We first develop models to estimate picker blocking (Contribution 1) and use the picker blocking estimates in addressing the two OPS design issues, presented as Contributions 2 and 3. In Contribution 1 we develop analytical models using discrete-time Markov chains to estimate pick-face blocking in wide-aisle OPSs. Pick-face blocking refers to the blocking experienced by a picker at a pick-face when another picker is already picking at that pick-face. We observe that for the case when pickers may pick only one item at a pick-face, similar to in-the-aisle blocking, pick-face blocking first increases with an increase in pick-density and then decreases. Moreover, pick-face blocking increases with an increase in the number of pickers and pick to walk time ratio, while it decreases with an increase in the number of pick-faces. For the case when pickers may pick multiple items at a pick-face, pick-face blocking increases monotonically with an increase in the pick-density. These blocking estimates are used in addressing the two OPS design issues, which are presented as Contributions 2 and 3. In Contribution 2 we address the issue of configuring the storage system for order picking. A storage system, typically comprised of racks, is used to store pallet-loads of various stock keeping units (SKU) --- a SKU is a unique identifier of products or items that are stored in a DC. The design question we address is related to identifying the optimal height (i.e., number of storage levels), and thus length, of a one-pallet-deep storage system. We develop a cost-based optimization model in which the number of storage levels is the decision variable and satisfying system throughput is the constraint. The objective of the model is to minimize the system cost, which is comprised of the cost of labor and space. To estimate the cost of labor we first develop a travel-time model for a person-aboard storage/retrieval (S/R) machine performing Tchebyshev travel as it travels in the aisle. Then, using this travel-time model we estimate the throughput of each picker, which helps us estimate the number of pickers required to satisfy the system throughput for a given number of storage levels. An estimation of the cost of space is also modeled to complete the total cost model. Results from an experimental study suggest that a low (in height) and long (in length) storage system tends to be optimal for situations where there is a relatively low number of storage locations and a relatively high throughput requirement; this is in contrast with common industry perception of the higher the better. The primary reason for this contrast is because the industry does not consider picker blocking and vertical travel of the S/R machine. On the other hand, results from the same optimization model suggest that a manual OPS should, in almost all situations, employ a high (in height) and short (in length) storage system; a result that is consistent with industry practice. This consistency is expected as picker blocking and vertical travel, ignored in industry, are not a factor in a manual OPS. In Contribution 3 we address the issue of selecting between batch and zone picking strategies. A picking strategy defines the manner in which the pickers navigate the picking aisles of a storage area to pick the required items. Our aim is to help the designer in identifying the least expensive picking strategy to be employed that meets the system throughput requirements. Consequently, we develop a cost model to estimate the system cost of a picking system that employs either a batch or a zone picking strategy. System cost includes the cost of pickers, equipment, imbalance, sorting system, and packers. Although all elements are modeled, we highlight the development of models to estimate the cost of imbalance and sorting system. Imbalance cost refers to the cost of fulfilling the left-over items (in customer orders) due to workload-imbalance amongst pickers. To estimate the imbalance cost we develop order batching models, the solving of which helps in identifying the number of items unfulfilled. We also develop a comprehensive cost model to estimate the cost of an automated sorting system. To demonstrate the use of our models we present an illustrative example that compares a sort-while-pick batch picking system with a simultaneous zone picking system. To summarize, the overall goal of our research is to develop a set of analytical models to help the designer in designing order picking systems in a distribution center. In this research we focused on two key design issues and addressed them through analytical approaches. Our future research will focus on addressing other design issues and incorporating them in a decision support system.
Ph. D.

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Bertling, Lina. "Reliability-centred maintenance for electric power distribution systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Electrical Systems, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3391.

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ARROMATE, CLAUDIO JOSE COUTINHO. "A MODEL FOR OPTIMAL LOCATION OF DISTRIBUTION CENTERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1997. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8656@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
As necessidadeS de ganhos de escala para diluir custos fixos de produção, aliadas a grande segmentação e criação de novos mercados faz com que cada vez mais seja preciso produzir em quantidades maiores e vender em quantidades menores; Pressões para para redução de estoques, de produtos acabados e insumos em todos os elos da cadeia; Localização do centro produtor cada vez mais distante do centro consumidor, em função de benefícios fiscais, de infra-estrutura e respeito ao meio-ambiente, fazem do conceito centro de distribuição um dos tópicos mais importantes no gerenciamento da cadeia logística de qualquer empresa, e matéria obrigatória na literatura sobre as várias formas de implementação, e a viabilidade econômica de tais alternativas como forma de agregar valor ao negócio. Independente do modelo a ser adotado, é questão relevante a sua localização. E esta contempla variáveis como o custo de distribuição em função das distâncias ao centro consumidor e centro produtor; custos do estoque e manuseio em função do giro previsto, custos fixos de operação fabris e de armazém, além da necessidade de previsão e dispersão da demanda do item a ser distribuído. Outras variáveis que precisam ser contempladas na prática são as questões tributárias, disponibilidade / qualificação de mão de obra, equipamentos de transporte e questões mercadológicas envolvendo o produto e o consumidor a ser atingido. Escolheu-se uma técnica especifica e facilmente executável em softwares comerciais para cada classe de problemas: Modelo de previsão de vendas - foi desenvolvido um modelo de regressão dinâmica e utilizado o software FORECAST MASTER ; Algoritmo de caminho mais curto para cálculo do custo de distribuição - foi implementado o Algoritmo de Djkstra de caminho mais curto; Modelo para localização e tamanho dos centros de distribuição - foi desenvolvido um modelo de programação inteira mista utilizando o algoritmo de Branch and Bound, implementando no software OSL. Com o intuito de avaliar a performance frente a outras técnicas existentes são vistos sucintamente técnicas de alisamento exponencial (Holt-Winters), o método de Box e Jenkins, com relação ao cálculo de distâncias, os algoritmo de caminho mais curto de Fran Out, formulação como problema de fluxo em redes - cálculo dofluxo de custo mínimo; Em relação ao modelo matemático de localização, um modelo de programação inteira alternativo que é a utilização de plano de cortes. Todas as técnicas foram aplicadas aos dados de uma empresa de bens de consumo de abrangência nacional, cuja distribuição dá-se através de distribuidores de distribuidores independentes que compram os produtos e os retiram nas fábricas produtoras, para posterior revenda aos pontos de venda ao consumidor final, como supermercados, lanchonetes, postos de gasolina, bares, etc. Este estudo serviu como ferramenta prática na tomada da decisão da companhia de localizar seus centros de distribuição.
Gain of scale needsin order to decrease production fixed costs, in addition with large segmentation and the appearing of new markerts, makes more and more important to produce in high quantities and on the other hand to sell in small selling quantities. The inventory costs, and inventory levels, of finished goods and raw materials in the whole supply chain; the plants location more and more far from the consumer´s center (due to tax benefits, infra- structure and environment implications); makes the distribuition center concept one of the most important issues in the supply chain management of any company. This is also a very important subject on the literature, about the many ways of implementation, economic viability of each alternative, and a way to add value to the business. No matter the model is going to be used, it is very a impportant question, the location. And this is envolves distribuition costs, inventory costs, warehousing and handling costs, operations fixed and variable costs, and further the demand forecast of each SKU. Another variables that need to be considered in practice are the legal implications, mão de obra, Real State, transportation equipments and merchandising issues, envolving the product and the target consumer. Such a specific and software easy run technique was chosen for each class of problems: Sales Forecast Model - A Dinamic regression model was developed and the software Forecast Master was used. Shortest path algorithm. Distribuition Center location and size model - A mixed integer program was developed using Branch-and-Bound technique, implemented with OSL software. In order to evaluate the algorithms performance in comparison with other avaible techniques, will be mentioned another models: Demand Forecast - The Exponential Smoothing technique (holt-Winters), and the Box and Jenkins method. About the distances between points - Fan out shortest path algorithm, and the formulation of the shortest path problem stated as a minimum cost flow algoritm. About the Distribuition center location and size model, Such a alternative Integer program approach was tried: the cutting planes. All the tecniques were applied using a countywide bens de consumo company database, whose distribuition is made through independents distributors that buy and pick the products directly in the production plant, and after selling to the final consumer or point of sales in general. This study was used as a tool in practice in the company Distribuition center location decision making.

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Forthuber, Russell G. "Inbound container queuing optimization model for distribution centers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111265.

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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2017.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2017.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 67).
Large, multi-national retailers have massive, worldwide supply chain networks which move product from a supplier to the end consumer. During the product's transit from a factory to a regional distribution center, customers may change or cancel their order, or the planned arrival date of the product at the distribution center may change. These products are packed in containers and arrive at the distribution center daily. Each day, humans may make decisions of which containers will be received at a distribution center and there are opportunity costs associated with selecting the wrong container to receive, namely, that the distribution center will become filled with product which is not immediately needed to meet outbound demand. This thesis analyzes one method of receiving containers at a distribution center and the impacts it has on satisfying customers' orders. A model for a lean inventory management system and a container selection optimization model are described in it. Representative data is presented and the model is used to solve which containers should be received. Finally, the efficacy of the model and a comparison to a heuristic are discussed.
by Russell G. Forthuber.
M.B.A.
S.M.

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Dubinskaitė, Jurgita. "Kooperatinės bendrovės "Daržovių centras" produktų paskirstymo valdymas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050530_113650-29481.

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Object of the work: cooperative "Daržovių centras". Subject of the work: distribution of goods. Work purpose: to prepare distribution strategy for organization and to provide for perfection of channel management. Tasks of the work: 1. To analyse goods distribution system; 2. To establish basic variants of formation for distribution channels; 3. To analyse elements of channel management; 4. To analyse channels of distribution for organization and formulate methodical substantiation; 5. To prepare distribution strategy; 6. To provide for perfection of channel management. Methods of the research - questionnaire poll, half-structural interview, analyses and synthesis of literature, SWOT analyse and graphic method.

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Hilber, Patrik. "Maintenance optimization for power distribution systems." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Electrical Engineering, Elektrotekniska system, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4686.

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Stinson, Emily(Emily Anne Matsushino). "Floor health predictive support for highly automated distribution centers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122448.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2019
Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 53).
While automated mobile inventory systems have greatly increased productivity, it has also created a new set of operational challenges. Floor health events, such as fallen product, spills, disabled robots, and floor access can degrade overall floor performance by obstructing access to product, forcing robots to re-route to less efficient paths, exacerbating congestion, increasing idle time, and potentially reducing throughput. Floor health issues are interdependent and have cascading effects, making their impacts difficult to track, visualize, and address. Reactive support and reliance on training and adoption of best practices is not scalable. As the network continues to grow, there is a need to improve real-time visibility and preventative measures into floor conditions. This project consisted of five main phases: research, hypothesis, testing, evaluation, and implementation.
The research phase was dedicated to developing an understanding of the current processes and problem statement. Then a testable hypothesis was constructed based on observations and data exploration. The hypothesis was tested via simulations and statistical analysis. The evaluation phase included analyzing the implications and use-cases of the results. The last phase of the project included developing and implementing selected applications. The model development phase of the project included simulation experiments where the dependent variable collected was the percentage change in average throughput rate and a multitude of potential explanatory features were tracked. Analysis of this data revealed that some of the best predictors of degradation of throughput rate were the types of floor cells being blocked.
There is wide range of impactful applications of these findings, including diagnostic checks to help root cause issues, automated notifications that highlight deteriorating floor conditions, automated user path planning, actionable floor metrics, and prioritization of work. Automated notifications to proactively identify deteriorating floor conditions, real-time prioritization of tasks, and a diagnostic tool were the implementations focused on during this project.
by Emily Stinson.
S.M.
M.B.A.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
M.B.A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management

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SANTO, DANIEL PRADO DO ESPÍRITO. "THE INFLUENCE OF TAX PLANNING IN THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DESIGN AND LOCATION OF DISTRIBUTION CENTERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26871@1.

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A inclusão da gestão tributária no planejamento da cadeia de distribuição é fator diferenciador, especialmente no Brasil, onde os Estados têm políticas tributárias díspares e uma postura agressiva para atrair empresas. A inclusão das preocupações tributárias quando da definição de redes de distribuição, nomeadamente na escolha de localização de infraestruturas, é, no entanto, ainda feito de forma empírica. Para avaliar o impacto dos incentivos fiscais no desenho da rede de distribuição, foi proposto um modelo de programação linear inteira mista (PLIM), incluindo como parâmetros e restrições as oportunidades criadas pela política tributária. O objetivo é definir o número e o local de centros de distribuição, bem como a alocação de clientes a cada centro, tal que o custo logístico seja minimizado (custo de frete, custo de construção, operação e manutenção dos centros de distribuição e custos tributários divididos entre mudanças de alíquotas de produtos e de fretes ao realizar cada transferência de localização). O modelo é aplicado a uma empresa brasileira que comercializa produtos químicos e foi instalada em um local distante do ponto de entrega final dos produtos, devido à inserção em um programa de incentivos fiscais, sem a adoção de nenhum modelo de localização para avaliação desta estratégia. A solução gerada pelo modelo obteve menores custos totais para o novo desenho de rede em comparação com a rede atual.
Including tax management in supply chain planning is a profitable differentiating factor, especially in Brazil, where each State exhibits its own tax policy. Some studies have been conducted taking into account the tax issues in the logistics network design, however this thesis takes into account the tax incentives offered by some Brazilian states to attract business. To assess the impact of tax incentives in the distribution network design, it proposed a model for locating distribution centers based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) that includes parameters and factors related to the restrictions and opportunities created by Brazilian tax policies. The model is applied to a Brazilian company that sells chemical products. This company is installed in a location away from the end point of delivery of the products due to insertion into a tax incentive program, without adopting any location model for evaluating the strategy. The goal is to determine the actual advantages of a reduction in tax rates offset an increase in logistics transportation costs. The solution determined whether the construction of a new distribution center is beneficial, if the results generated by the model had lower total costs for the new network design compared to the current network.

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Björk, Tomas. "En undersökning om möjligheterna att använda återanvändningsbara pallband till enhetslaster omlastade till träpallar." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1161.

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En undersökning om möjligheterna att använda återandvändningsbara pallband och de ekonomiska förutsättningarna för detta. En genomsökning av vad som finns på marknaden. Beräkning av de krafter som enhetslasten kan utsätta pallbanden för. Utveckling av egna förslag till återanvändningsbart pallband med snabbspänne och bandning på tre sidor. En översikt av de positiva och negativa effekter som blir vid ett byte från dagens bandning med PP-band till ett återanvändningsbart pallband

An investigation of the possibility to use reusable strapping and the economic conditions for this. Going trough what exist on the market. Calculation of the forces that the unit load can expose the strapping for. Developing of own suggestions for reusable strapping with quick buckle and strapping on three sides. A short look at the positive and negative effects that comes from a change from today’s strapping with PP-strap to a reusable strapping.

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Kúdelová, Lucie. "Fungování distribučního centra s dámským oblečením ve Velké Británii dnes a po případné automatizaci skladových procesů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15880.

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The goal of this diploma is understanding and evaluation of the warehouse processes, the specification of problems and finding the best ways to deal with these drawbacks. The method used for the diploma is comparison. The theoretical part briefly focuses on the fashion logistics. The practical part then describes the distribution centre of the company Bonmarché Ltd. At first the functioning processes in all warehouse departments are specified and the problems are appointed. The second part focuses on the considered changes that would eliminate the problems. The final comparison will tell us whether these changes will solve the problems and enable the company to stay competitive on the British clothing market.

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ANDRADE, CHRISTIANE AGUIAR DE. "ANALYSIS OF THE TAX INCENTIVES IMPACT IN DISTRIBUTION CENTERS LOCALIZATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30288@1.

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Atualmente, uma das estratégias adotadas pelas empresas para reduzir seus custos e se manterem competitivas passa pela Logística Tributária, que vislumbra as oportunidades de redução de impostos na Logística por meio de incentivos fiscais ou financeiros. Como conseqüência do avanço tecnológico, os produtos são cada vez mais equivalentes, no que diz respeito à sua qualidade e funcionalidade e, de uma forma geral, as boas práticas são absorvidas muito rapidamente pelo mercado, restando às organizações a redução da margem de lucro e a minimização dos custos, mais especificamente, do custo logístico. A maioria dos incentivos fiscais e financeiros oferecidos no Brasil se concentra longe dos principais centros consumidores, tornando-se necessário associar o planejamento tributário aos métodos de localização e considerar os trade-offs entre benefícios e custos operacionais. Analisar a infra-estrutura oferecida pelo Estado é outra forma de evitar perdas no nível de serviço logístico, que podem gerar consequências imensuráveis em curto prazo. O presente trabalho é uma análise da influência dos incentivos fiscais sobre a decisão de localização de centros de distribuição e pressupõe o caso de uma empresa fictícia que se instalou no Estado do Espírito Santo, com o objetivo de se beneficiar do Fundap, um incentivo às importações, oferecido por aquele estado.
In the present days, one of the strategies adopted by companies to reduce their costs and hold their competitiveness involves the tributary logistics, which considers the opportunities of taking into account the taxes advantages derived from locating distribution centers in certain areas or states that offer financial incentives. As a consequence of the technology improvement, products tend to be even more equivalents regarding their quality and functionality. In a general way, good practices are very rapidly absorbed by the market, so that the organizations have to face the reduction of the profit margin and the minimization of costs, in particular the logistics costs. The majority of taxes and financial incentives offered in Brazil is concentrated away from the main consumer centers, becoming necessary to associate the tax planning with the location methods, in order to consider the trade-offs between benefits and the operational costs. Analyzing the public infrastructure offered by the government is another way to avoid the losses at the level of logistics services. It may generate immeasurable consequences in the short term. The present work is an analysis of the influence of the tax incentives in the decision of locating distribution centers and assumes the case of a hypothetical company that was installed in the state of Espírito Santo, in order to take advantage of benefits granted by Fundap, the local state agency that offers incentive for imported goods.

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Cox, Alexander Matthew Gordon. "Skorokhod embeddings : non-centred target distributions, diffusions and minimality." Thesis, University of Bath, 2004. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519016.

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Strehlow, Anett, and Katja Rehage. "Olympic Logistics Centers and their Adjustment to Specific Requirementsand Distribution Applications : Comparing the Olympic SummerGames 2000-2008." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Marketing and Logistics, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18272.

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Problem: Since there is not much inside information available, the problem that will be handled by this thesis is the coordination of warehousing activities within the logistics centers put to use by the Olympic Summer Games from 2000 to 2008. A special attention is given to certain requirements such as layout, capacity management, ownership and distribution applications. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is based on warehouse requirementsand their specific adjustment to the Olympic Summer Games, further emphasizing on distribution applications influencing the capacityand ownership. Theory: The theoretical section touches upon event logistics, the Olympic Games and more importantly, logistics centers as a generic termfor distribution facilities and warehouses. Further, types of warehouses, capacity management, ownership and distribution applications are examined in order to be able to compare the various Games. Method: The method for this research is based on a case study conducted by semi-structured interviews with several people involved in the logistics organization of the Games. All interviews are conducted over the telephone and analyzed accordingly. However, secondary data was of high importance due to the limited number of interview respondents. Conclusion: All analyzed features of a warehouse facility had to be more efficiently and effectively performed in order to serve the great approach for the Olympic Summer Games. The implementation of distribution applications was not sophisticated enough to benefit capacity savings. The leased ownership situation and outsourcing to third party logistics providers were advantageous, but did not further influence the planning and utilization phase of the Olympic Games.

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RODRIGUES, ELIZABETH FREITAS. "THE ECONOMY OF DISTRIBUTION CENTERS: AN ANALYSIS FOR THE BRAZILIAN RETAIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23356@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CENTRO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA CELSO SUCKOW FONSECA
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
As grandes redes do varejo revolucionaram seus sistemas logísticos posicionando Centros de Distribuição – CDs – perto aos grandes centros urbanos. Esta estratégia possibilitaria mantê-los próximos aos pontos de venda para um rápido ressuprimento, por proporcionar condições favoráveis para lidarem mais facilmente com os problemas de tráfego crescente, que restringem o acesso dos grandes caminhões aos centros urbanos e, além disso, associado a um amplo espectro de motivos, visava à otimização dos processos logísticos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo mensurar os benefícios econômicos resultantes desta nova estratégia logística implementada por organizações de varejo na adoção de Centros de Distribuição. Estes ganhos estão relacionados com os seguintes fatores: (i) redução nos custos de transporte originados dos fornecedores, (ii) redução de custos operacionais e de estoque, (iii) liberação de espaço nobre nas lojas para a exposição de mercadorias e estacionamento, (iv) redução de mão de obra devido à centralização dos controles dos produtos recebidos, e (v) redução da incidência da falta de produto. Por outro lado, a cadeia de varejo internaliza alguns custos relativos à operação do Centro de Distribuição, como os custos operacionais do CD e os de transporte de mercadorias deste às lojas. Este estudo qualifica esses fatores apoiando-se em literatura científica e quantifica esses custos de maneira empírica.
Large retail chains have revolutionized their logistics systems positioning Distribution Centers - CDs - near large urban centers. This strategy would enable them to stay close to the outlets for a quick resupply, by providing favorable conditions in order to deal more easily with the growing traffic problems, which restrict access of large trucks to urban centers, and furthermore, associated with a wide spectrum of reasons, aimed to the optimization of logistics processes. The present study aims to measure the economic benefits of this new logistics strategy implemented by retail organizations in the adoption of Distribution Centers. These gains are related to the following factors: (i) reduction in transportation costs arising from suppliers, (ii) reduction of inventory and operating costs, (iii) release of prime space in stores for parking and display of goods, (iv)reduction of manpower due to the centralization of control of incoming goods, and (v) reduction of stock-outs. On the other hand, the retail chain internalizes some costs related to the operation of the distribution center, as operating costs, and freight from the CD to the stores. This study describes these factors relying on scientific literature and quantifies these costs empirically.

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Wallace-Finney, Sheena R. "Determining the Optimal Aisle-Width for Order Picking in Distribution Centers." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1312569054.

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MALUF, LINDA YVONNE. "CLASSIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE CENTRAL EASTERN PACIFIC ECHINODERMS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184082.

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A total of 627 echinoderm species (12 crinoids, 185 asteroids, 185 ophiuroids, 95 echinoids and 150 holothuroids) are known from the shallow and deep waters between southern California and southern Peru, and an up-to-date classification scheme is given for them. Distribution tables provide detailed presence-absence data for latitudinal increments, geographic range endpoints, depth ranges, and substrate associations of each species. Annotated lists of all species include relevant synonyms and mistaken records as well as literature citations used for both lists and distribution tables. A species-level biogeographic analysis shows that echinoderm provinces conform to those generally observed for other marine taxa, including mollusks, crustaceans and fishes. Based on cluster analysis and more traditional approaches (using species richness, faunal turnover and faunal composition), overall faunal similarity of the shelf echinoderms is very high between 23°N and 4°S, in the tropical Panamic province. There is a northern warm-temperate fauna (California province) between Pt. Conception, California and Pt. Eugenio, Baja California that also extends into lower Baja and the Gulf of California. Warm-temperate elements in the subtropical Gulf of California distinguish it from the tropics, and it is recognized as a faunal province in spite of its low endemism. Echinoderm endemism is unusually high in the Galapagos province and is attributed to the wide habitat diversity and isolation of the archipelago. There is no evidence for a Mexican province, but there is evidence for a distinction between the tropics to the north and south of Costa Rica/Panama. Transition zones (especially in Panama and southern California) often have high species richness, increased habitat diversity, and a number of endemic species. The warm-water eastern Pacific genera are most closely related to those of the west Atlantic tropics, but very few species are shared between the regions. Trans-Pacific species in the CEP are widespread throughout the region. A confinement of Indo-Pacific species to offshore CEP islands is only seen at Clipperton Island, the lone coral atoll of the eastern Pacific.

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Shobeiri, Nejad Seyedeh Maryam. "A Systematic Analysis of Retail Centre Distribution and Customer Travel Behaviour." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367354.

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The important role of retail trips in the overall transport sustainability of cities in Australia has been broadly overlooked within travel demand management programs (TDMs). Brisbane, as the third largest city in Australia, has undergone fast and extensive urban development and become heavily reliant on an increasing number of shopping centres to provide its residents with products, services, leisure and lifestyle opportunities. Based on the 2009 Household Travel Survey data, shopping centres were the destination for more than half of weekly ‘retail trips’ in Brisbane. The evolving structure of a modern one-stop, multi-purpose retail format provides more options to customers who rely on their cars to travel to shopping destinations. The evident economic success of these centres over recent decades has made their owners and operators powerful and wealthy and consequently hard to compete with. Planning policies such as zoning, required Environmental Impact Assessments, and transit-oriented developments (TODs) have tried to control the wide-ranging impacts of these shopping centres. However, these policies have not typically been accepted by developers and land owners and have not proved to be successful.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Duvnjak, Zarkovic Sanja. "Security of Electricity Supply in Power Distribution System : Optimization Algorithms for Reliability Centered Distribution System Planning." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281813.

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The importance of electricity in everyday life and demands to improve the reliability of distribution systems force utilities to operate and plan their networks in a more secure and economical manner. With higher demands on reliability from both customers and regulators, a big pressure has been put on the security of electricity supply which is considered as a fundamental requirement for modern societies. Thus, efficient solutions for reliability and security of supply improvements are not just of increasing interest, but also have significant socio-economic relevance. Distribution system planning (DSP) is one of the major activities of distribution utilities to deal with reliability enhancement. This thesis deals with developing optimization algorithms, which aim is to min- imize customer interruption costs, and thus maximize the reliability of the system. This is implemented either by decreasing customer interruption duration, frequency of customer interruptions or both. The algorithms are applied on a single or multi- ple DSP problems. Mixed-integer programming has been used as an optimization approach. It has been shown that solving and optimizing each one of the DSP problems contributes greatly to the reliability improvement, but brings certain challenges. Moreover, applying algorithms on multiple and integrated DSP problems together leads to even bigger complexity and burdensome. However, going toward this inte- grated approach results in a more appropriate and realistic DSP model. The idea behind the optimization is to achieve balance between reliability and the means to achieve this reliability. It is a decision making process, i.e. a trade-off between physical and pricing dimension of security of supply.

QC 20200925

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Russell, Mardi L. "Cost and Throughput Modeling of Manual and Automated Order Fulfillment Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32476.

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The e-commerce revolution has brought about the need for more efficient order fulfillment. Guidelines are needed to determine the order fulfillment system design, and whether a manual or automated system should be implemented. A spreadsheet-based descriptive model has been developed based on demand levels, labor rates, and order sizes. We propose to combine the descriptive model with simulation output to demonstrate reactions of the system to fluctuations in demand, labor rates, and order sizes. The ultimate research goal is to provide a design aid to companies engaged in order fulfillment systems, emphasizing the decision of whether or not to automate the sorting process.
Master of Science

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PAIVA, BRUNO DE ALMEIDA RODRIGUES. "OPTIMAL LOCATION OF DISTRIBUTION CENTERS CONSIDERING THE EFFECT OF CUMULATIVE TAX CREDITS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34576@1.

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Incluir o gerenciamento tributário no planejamento da cadeia de suprimentos é fundamental, especialmente no Brasil, onde cada estado pratica sua própria política tributária. Esta dissertação estuda a importância dos custos tributários ao decidir a localização dos centros de distribuição. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de Programação Linear Inteira Mista (PLIM) o qual inclui as oportunidades e restrições criadas pelas políticas tributárias brasileiras, juntamente com as restrições tradicionais em que os custos de implantação, operação e transporte estão incluídos. Especificamente, nos concentramos em sistemas de distribuição que operam em um ambiente interestadual e intermunicipal e onde o Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias (ICMS) se aplica. O modelo de otimização minimiza os custos totais dados pela soma dos custos de distribuição entre fábrica - centros de distribuição - clientes, custos fixos e variáveis das instalações e créditos fiscais cumulativos não recuperados. Ou seja, o modelo considera e calcula para cada caso os custos ou créditos gerados em cada transação devido à aplicação do ICMS. O modelo gerado é por natureza não linear sendo apresentada uma forma de linearização do mesmo. O modelo foi aplicado a uma empresa brasileira que lida com bens não duráveis e atua em todo o país. A solução encontrada propôs a abertura de três novos centros de distribuição, além do já existente, correspondentes a um sistema de distribuição onde são utilizados todos os créditos tributários acumulados decorrentes de transações de ICMS. O valor da economia anual foi de 29 porcento do custo total do sistema de distribuição.
Including tax management in supply chain planning is mandatory, especially in Brazil, where each state practices its own tax policy. This dissertation studies the importance of tax costs upon deciding the location of distribution centers. Was developed a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) that includes the restrictions and opportunities created by the Brazilian tax policies along with the traditional restrictions where deployment, operating and transportation costs are included. Specifically, we focus on distribution systems that operate within an interstate and inter-municipal environment and where a Goods Circulation Tax (ICMS) applies. The optimization model minimizes the total costs given by the sum of distribution costs between factory - distribution centers - clients, facility fixed and variable costs and non-recovered cumulative tax credits. Thus, the model considers and calculates for each case and transaction the costs or credits resulting from the application of ICMS. The presented model is by nature non-linear and a linearization form of the model is presented. The model was applied to a Brazilian company that deals with non-durable goods and operates in the whole country. The solution found proposed the opening of three new distribution centers, besides the existing one, corresponding to a distribution system where all cumulative tax credits deriving from ICMS transactions are used. The annual saving amount to 29 percent of the distribution system present costs.

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Dobrusky, Fernando G. (Fernando Gabriel) 1971. "Optimal location of cross-docking centers for a distribution network in Argentina." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29532.

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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 81).
The objective of this thesis is to define an optimal distribution network for Argentina using Cross Docking Centers. The products to be delivered are in a Central Warehouse in Buenos Aires, the main city and port of Argentina. These products have to be distributed to hundreds of locations in the interior of the country. These locations have lower levels of demand and are at great distance from Buenos Aires. In order to achieve efficient distribution, cross docking centers and a third party carrier distribution are utilized. To find the optimal number, size and location of cross docking centers and which cross docking center or carrier should supply each location, two models are developed. The first model is a location-allocation model in which capacities of the cross docking centers are not considered constraining. In this case, the model is complemented by a heuristic approach that is used to find a near-optimal feasible solution. The second model, a capacited location model, is more complex, taking into account the demands of each location and defining the optimal location of cross docking centers and their respective capacities. Both models are analyzed with the data representing the distribution of pharmaceutical products in Argentina in 1999. The models' solution generates savings of 5%, compared to the current network that was designed based on intuition and other external factors, without the use of an optimization tool.
by Fernando G. Dobrusky.
M.Eng.in Logistics

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Gonçalves, Luciano Marcio. "UNIDADES DE INTERNAÇÃO DE MENORES INFRATORES EM GOIÁS E A DISTRIBUIÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DOS CASES: INSUFICIÊNCIA EM FACE DA DEMANDA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2018. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3917.

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Public security today has been the focus of debate in the most diverse nuclei of knowledge. The involvement of young people in crime, in the same way, becomes an increasingly recurring subject in the field of political, economic, social and legal sciences. This is a problem of social interest and requires attention of all. The units of hospitalization of juvenile offenders in Goiás are analyzed. The relationship between the geographic disposition of Cases in Goiás and the need for local demand is investigated. It is pointed out the difficulties related to the distance of the Cases in relation to the locality of the infractional practice, committing to the maintenance of the affective ties of the offender with the family. It is shown the importance of understanding the need for changes, inserting new proposals for intervention and restructuring the geographic distribution of the socio-educational system of minors in Goiás. A bibliographic research, associated with a field study, is applied. interviews directed to 4 sample subjects, it is observed that there is a disregard of the state authorities regarding the implementation of the Sinase Care Center, evidencing a dissociation between the local reality and the protective legislation. It is concluded that there is a need for the implementation of planned strategic actions, re-adjusting the geographic arrangement of the Socio-educational Assistance Centers in Goiás.
A segurança pública, atualmente, tem sido foco de debate nos mais diversos núcleos do conhecimento. O envolvimento de jovens na criminalidade, da mesma forma, tornase assunto cada vez mais recorrente no campo das ciências políticas, econômicas, sociais e jurídicas. Trata-se de uma problemática de interesse social e que requer atenção de todos. Analisa-se as unidades de internação de menores infratores em Goiás. Investiga-se a relação entre a disposição geográfica dos Cases em Goiás e a necessidade de demanda local. Aponta-se as dificuldades relacionadas à distância dos Cases em relação à localidade da prática infracional, comprometendo à manutenção dos vínculos afetivos do infrator com a família. Mostra-se a importância de se compreender a necessidade de mudanças, inserindo novas propostas de intervenção e reestruturação da distribuição geográfica do sistema de atendimento socioeducativo de menores em Goiás. Realiza-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, associada com um estudo de campo, com aplicação de entrevistas direcionadas a 4 sujeitos de amostra, observa-se que há um descaso das autoridades estatais, quanto à implantação do Centro de Atendimento Sinase, evidenciando-se uma dissociação entre a realidade local e a legislação protetora. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de implementação de ações estratégicas planejadas, readequando a disposição geográfica dos Centros de Atendimento Socioeducativos em Goiás.

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Barcuch, Libor. "Transportní zařízení pro dopravu kusových předmětů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318842.

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This master’s thesis is dealing with the conveying machines used for transport of piece goods. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the first part is performed overview of the most widely used conveyors. Second part of this thesis is focused on creating design of conveyor system for distribution centre with required line throughput.

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Kuntz, Paul A. "Optimal reliability centered vegetation maintenance scheduling in electric power distribution systems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5969.

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Thorington, Karl. "The impact of retailer distribution centres on supply chain competitiveness." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/42025.

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The increase in global competition has led to many companies examining how they do business in an increasingly competitive environment, and in many cases adopting models that impact their supply chain competitiveness. Many companies are struggling to find the balance between cost containment and the increasing demands of customers requiring them to demonstrate greater flexibility and achieve higher service levels. This research evaluates the effectiveness of supply chain strategy, specifically related to the decisions made when retailers elect to insert their own distribution centres and the choices they make in the design thereof. Critically, these design decisions were evaluated from both a supplier and retailers perspective against academic articles which relate to effective supply chain collaboration methods. The research examined the consequences of an ineffective supply chain design decision and how this decision resulted in a constraint in the supply chain which reduced competitiveness through higher inventory levels and reduced sale throughput as a result of lost sales and low service levels. This research is exploratory by design and purposive sampling was used to select interviewees that would bring depth to the research by providing understanding as to the rationale behind the supply chain strategy selected. In addition, the research was conducted by reviewing quantitative data collected both pre and post the insertion of a retailer distribution centre to statistically compare the impact of this business strategy on supply chain competitiveness.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
zkgibs2014
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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Soosay, Claudine A. "Continuous innovation in logistics services: an empirical study of distribution centres." Thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/794.

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This study explores the concept and practical implementation of continuous innovation in logistics services, particularly Distribution Centres. Continuous innovation is a concept that requires a methodical, programmed, incremental and/or radical approach to business improvement involving employees at all levels in the organisational structure. Theories and models of innovation were analysed in the literature, at the outset of this research. As found by previous authors, specific characteristics of service forms did not allow direct application of traditional models of innovation. Most of these traditional models were constructed from the manufacturing perspective. As a result, a new innovation model was designed for this study. It can be used as a guide for understanding the components necessary in service forms to embark on continuous innovation. This model describes the process of service innovation and incorporates theories from literature, and some variables from the CIMA model. The study is exploratory in nature, using empirical data. The study identified, evaluated, compared and contrasted the factors in ten Distribution Centres in Australia and in Singapore that affected the use of continuous innovation in their operations and processes. The focus of the study investigated the drivers, capabilities, behaviours, contingencies, individual competencies and performance measures of innovation in Distribution Centres with logistics services. Overall, this study has made significant contributions in terms of the theoretical investigation adding to the body of literature. This study was exploratory, using case studies as a first hand approach in gaining an understanding of Distribution Centres. There are areas that would merit further investigation and future research. It suggested that additional work should be carried out to expand on this research and refine the model to meet the needs of a wider range of organisations in various service industries. In addition, there are recommendations flowing from this study concerning the practical management of logistics operations. They are addressed mainly to senior management who typically take lead in the implementation of innovative programmes within the organisation. Firms should address continuous innovation as a planned and integrated approach, taking into account many interacting factors that are essential for successful innovation. The challenge facing Distribution Centres is to develop efficient and flexible processes and systems, by continuously innovating to sustain a leading edge in the logistics industry

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Distribution centres'

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