Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Distribution angulaire (physique)'
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Bomme, Cédric. "Dynamique des processus de photoionisation d‘atomes et molécules excités en couches profondes." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066014.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we study dynamical processes induced by resonant excitation or direct ionization in deep K shell through experimental measurement realized on model systems, the argon atom and the carbonyl sulfide molecule, OCS. We developed a new experimental setup, CELIMENE dedicated to coincidence measurement of charged fragments created after interaction between free atoms/molecules and synchrotron radiation. On Argon ionized at the K shell, the ion recoil of Ar n+ due to Auger electrons emission is measured for each ionic state and is used to disentangle relaxation pathways and the radiative decay rate in one measurement. This measurement performed in coincidence with the photoelectron is then used to estimate the lifetime of the intermediate state. For the OCS molecule ionized at the S1s shell, we used molecular mass center recoil to determine the main relaxation pathways for each fragmentation channel and measurement of the PCI effect on the photoelectron allowed a determination of the lifetime of the intermediate states in a molecular system. The comparison of the experimental and theoretical MFPADs has been done for the first time in the tender x-ray region for the OCS molecule ionized above S1s threshold. Finally, measurements of the momentum of the O+ C+ S+ fragments combined with a Coulomb explosion simulation allowed us to carefully study the dynamics the molecular three body fragmentation
Münchmeyer, Moritz. "Large-scale anisotropies in the high energy cosmic ray sky." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066651.
Full textChbihi, Abdelouahad. "Etude des collisions périphériques dans l'interaction 22Ne+93Nb à 30 MeV-nucléon." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10087.
Full textIconomidou-Fayard, Lydia. "Production et étude des propriétés des bosons intermédiaires : expérience UA2." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112186.
Full textWe present here some results concerning the properties of IVB’s detected by the UA2 experiment. The “electron-identification” criteria are discussed and the final samples of W’s and Z’s, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 863 nb⁻¹, are given. A particular study of longitudinal motion of bosons has been done and the momentum distribution of “parent-partons” has been evaluated. In the W’s center of mass frame, the angular distribution of the outgoing changed lepton (electron or positron) is in good agreement with the theoretical shape expected from the Standard Model and QCD corrections. The cross-sections of processes W→ev and Z→e⁺e⁻ and the masses of IVB’s are measured. The values of sin²0w and p are evaluated. A good agreement with standard model is observed
Boulay, Florent. "Mesure dans le 19Ne des résonances d’intérêt pour l’étude des novæ par une nouvelle méthode de diffusion inélastique." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2027.
Full textNova is a thermonuclear runaway occurring in binary system of stars. The observation of the gamma rays emitted after a nova is a way to better understand this phenomenon. According to the models, the γ line at 511 keV, produced in the annihilation between positrons and electrons, would be the most intense line several hours after the explosion. One of the main positron emitters would be the 18F radioactive isotope. In order to improve the predictive power of the models, it is crucial to better determine the amount of 18F produced in the nova. Yet, the 18F destruction rate 18F(p,α)15O is given with large uncertainties. Measuring the spectroscopic properties (energy, width, spin) of states in the compound nucleus 19Ne should allow us to constrain the reaction rate. In this context, an experiment based on a new inelastic scattering method (19Ne(p,p’)19Ne*) was performed at GANIL with the VAMOS spectrometer. The detection system has been adapted to detect for the first time high energy protons (p’). A good energy resolution in inverse kinematic has been reached (σ=33 keV). The angular distribution measurement of decaying particles should provide the spin assignment of the states in a model independent way. Unfortunately, an unforeseen contamination has prevented us to complete this measurement. New spectroscopic information have been extracted and contributed to reduce the uncertainty of the 18F(p,α)15O reaction rate in a significant way. The data are compatible with a new broad state below the proton threshold (6. 41 MeV). This state seems to be sufficiently broad to contribute to the destruction reaction rate of 18F and reduces the chances for satellite detection
Moisan, Josiane. "Analyse et caractérisation des résidus lourds produits dans les réactions 129Xe+natSn entre 8 et 25 AMeV." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25664/25664.pdf.
Full textKapoor, Tejhas. "Search for new physics via the analysis of angular distributions of B_d → D* ৷ ν and B_s → φ φ decays." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP069.
Full textWe investigate the physics beyond the Standard Model by studying the angular distributions of different B meson decays. The first decay we consider is the semileptonic B_d → D* ৷ ν decay, where l is a light lepton (e or μ). The arrival of the new lattice QCD data allows us to extract new physics parameters, which was not possible with only the experimental data. Thus, we reanalyze the Belle data along with the lattice QCD data on B_d → D* form factors to simultaneously fit the form factors, Vcb and right-handed new physics coupling, whose sensitivity is found to be ~ 3-5%. In addition, by generating unbinned pseudo-dataset, we perform a sensitivity study on more general new physics models along with the lattice data. We find the right-handed and tensor new physics couplings to be constrained ~ 2-4%, while it is not so good for pseudoscalar case (~ 20-30%). The second decay we study is B_d → D* τ ν. Since τ is not detected directly in experiments, we first write a measurable angular distribution by considering the τ → μ ν ν decay. As there is no experimental data available for it, we perform a sensitivity study by generating a pseudo-dataset from fit results of B_d → D* ৷ ν (৷ = e, μ) for different new physics models. Even with lesser events than the previous light lepton case, the sensitivities are comparable. Finally, we move on to hadronic B decays, and investigate the time-dependent angular analysis of B_s → φ φ decay to search for new physics signals via CP-violating observables. Using an effective Hamiltonian containing left- and right-handed Chromomagnetic operators, we find that the hierarchy of helicity amplitudes in this model gives us a new scheme of experimental search, which is different from the one LHCb has performed in its analysis. To illustrate this new scheme, we perform a sensitivity study using two pseudo-datasets generated using LHCb's measured values and obtain sensitivity of CP-violating observables to be of the order of 5-7% with the current LHCb statistics. Moreover, we also explore the relationship between LHCb's B_s → φ φ and Belle (II)'s B_d → φ K_s results, and show that together, they can give us the chirality of new physics within our model
Al, Kalanee Tarek. "Étude du noyau d'9He par la réaction de transfert d(8He,p) à 15,4 MeV/nucléon." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2058.
Full textThe study of the light neutron-rich nuclei at the limits of stability and beyond is an area of considerable interest as it affords an extreme test of our understanding of nuclear structure. Experimentally, the recent availability of radioactive beams with significant intensities and the development of new high acceptance detection systems have permitted such systems to be explored. This thesis deals with a study of the structure of the unbound N=7 system 9He via the single-neutron transfer reaction d(8He,p)9He at the SPIRAL1 facility. The principal goal of the experiment was to clarify the low-lying level structure of 9He, in particular the possible parity inversion of the ground state. The experiment was one of the first to employ the new MUST2 Si array. Owing to the relatively low statistics in the region of threshold and various backgrounds, no definitive conclusion could be drawn regarding the character of the lowest lying state. Higher lying states were identified. Comparison is made with the angular distributions derived for each of the resonances and DWBA and CRC calculations. For each of the possible spin assignments, spectroscopic factors have been estimated
Dalouzy, Jean-Christophe. "Spectroscopie du 19Ne par diffusion inélastique : Applications à l'astrophysique." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00365695.
Full textLeong, Lou Sai. "Fission fragment angular distribution and fission cross section validation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924483.
Full textGelin, Marie. "Spectroscopie $\gamma$ des noyaux riches en neutrons autour de N=20." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193046.
Full textLes noyaux suivants ont été étudiés: $^{28}$Ne, $^{30-32}$Mg, $^{31-34}$Al, $^{33-35}$Si, $^{35}$P. De nouvelles transitions ont été observées. Les distributions angulaires de rayonnements $\gamma$ ainsi que les les corrélations angulaires $\gamma$-$\gamma$ ont pu être mesurées pour certaines transitions. Une attribution des spins et parités de certains états a ainsi été proposée. En particulier, l'assignation de l'état $3^-$ dans le $^{34}$Si est confirmée et un candidat est proposé pour le second état $0^+$, correspondant à la configuration déformée. Dans le $^{32}$Mg, l'état à 2.321 MeV, pour lequel des attributions contradictioires existent, est vraisemblablement un $4^+$, et nous proposons un candidat pour un état $6^+$.
LOPEZ, JINENEZ MARIA JOSE. "Spectroscopie gamma en ligne du 3 2mg produit par fragmentation du projectile et etude de la radioactivite du 3 6ca." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN2018.
Full textLabat, Marie. "Injection d'un laser à électrons libres : exemples de SPARC, UVSOR-II et perspectives pour ARC-EN-CIEL." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112173.
Full textThis work presents a general study on Free Electron Lasers (FEL) in the seeded configuration. Three examples are given : the UVSOR-II FEL (Okazaki, Japan), the SPARC FEL (Frascati, Italy) and the ARC–EN–CIEL project FEL (France). In the case of the UVSOR–II FEL, seeded with a Ti :Sa laser at 1 kHz repetition rate, several studies have been performed : electron beam dynamics, spatial coherence, spectral structure and angular distribution of the radiation, optimization in helical mode. In the case of the SPARC FEL, the injection of a harmonic source generated in rare gas (HHG) is foreseen. This original combination stands as an attractive source for users with a high temporal and spatial coherence degree together with a high intensity from UV to X rays. A dedicated harmonic source has been designed, assembled and tested for the SPARC FEL. The operation of the combined devices should start in Winter 2008, allowing fine characterization of the HHG-FEL association and further demonstration of original HGHG FELs configuration. Finally, during the simulation studies performed for the design of the ARC–EN–CIEL light sources, a new propagation regime of the FEL pulse has been observed and is still under study
Zmerli, Moustafa. "Étude de la dynamique de photodissociation de molécules ionisées en couche interne par spectroscopie de moment." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS430.
Full textWe experimentally studied the relaxation of atomic and molecular systems following core-shell photoionization in tender X-ray regime (2-12 keV). The various processes of de-excitation have been studied by the coincidence measurements of the velocity vector of emitted electrons and ions allowing access to the vector correlations between the electrons and ions. New experimental results on argon combined with theoretical model developed by our collaborators have shown the effective existence of angular momentum transfer due to the Post-collision interaction (PCI) between the photoelectron and the Auger electron. Then, the CS2 three-body fragmentation dynamics was interpreted using a combination of geometric and kinematic observables. We have shown that it is possible to separate the different types of fragmentation in case of the mixed pathway. We also showed the presence of massive concerted pathways after the dissociation of CH3I molecule. Moreover, we have observed the formation of multiply charged ions where the total charge induced has reached +15 by single photon absorption. Finally, the comparison of experimental data with Coulomb explosion model allowed us to estimate the average displacement of the molecule during relaxation
Portail, Claire. "Sections efficaces de réactions pour des noyaux riches en neutrons produits par un faisceau de ⁴⁸Ca à 10 A MeV sur une cible d'uranium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS213/document.
Full textThe study of neutron-rich nuclei is one of the main challenges nowadays in experimental nuclear physics. Thanks to the future high intensity beams delivered by the linear accelerator of Spiral2, the S ³ spectrometer might allow their production using the "in-flight" method. The deep inelastic reaction mechanism might be used due to the important multi-nucleon transfer and the N/Z equilibration. Studies on this topic, started in the seventies, take advantages of the new available devices. We measured, for the first time between 0° and 35° in the laboratory frame, the reactions cross-sections d2sigma/dOmegadE for the neutron-rich nuclei formed by deep inelastic collisions between a 10 A MeV ⁴⁸Ca ¹ ⁹ ⁺ beam and a 170(+-10%) ug/cm² ² ³ ⁸U target. The experiment was performed at Ganil using the Vamos spectrometer coupled to seven Exogam to confirm the nuclei identification using their gamma signature. Moreover, a BaF2 detector was used to extract the beam intensities, essential for the absolute cross sections measurements. Momentum, angular and mass distributions of absolute differential cross-sections are presented for a wide range of quasi-projectiles. The results are compared with those of DIT (Deep Inelastic Transfers) coupled with Gemini++ theoretical calculations. The models are generally consistent with the results. Important differences appear for quasi-projectiles very close and very far from the beam. Relevant implications for S³ beam production are pointed out
Gao, Cong-Zhang. "Ionization dynamics of atoms and molecules subject to intense laser pulses from femtoseconds to attoseconds." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30072.
Full textThe investigation of ionization dynamics of atoms and molecules illuminated with intense laser fields has attracted a great of interest in many disciplines over the decades. In this context, experiments of laser-matter interaction on the exploration of underlying mechanisms are considerably expanding with the advent of ultrashort femtosecond and attosecond laser pulses. However, the description of the laser irradiation process from a theoretical perspective is still a challenge, in particular for complex systems, such as the fullerene C60. To that end, we turn to exploit a fully fledged approach "Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory (TDDFT)" to describe electron emission induced by a broad range of laser pulses from weak to strong and from femtoseconds to attoseconds. The first part of the thesis contributes to the study of ionization dynamics of C60 irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses. Three ionization mechanisms, single-photon ionization, multi-photon ionization, and strong-field ionization, are extensively explored via photoelectron spectra (PES) and photoelectron angular distribution (PAD). Our analysis shows that for single-photon ionization, the PES basically reveal the occupied single-particle states which can be associated with the orbital depletion, and the PAD can be generalized into the anisotropy parameter which sensitively depends on the electronic states instead of the photon frequency. For multi-photon ionization, the PES are mostly generated by few uppermost orbitals, and the PAD reveal larger anisotropy with the increase of photon order. For strong-field ionization, the PES are featured by an extended plateau at high energies due to electron recollisions, and the delicate pattern on the plateau is analyzed by using a three-step model. The PAD of the high-energy electrons shows a strong alignment along the laser polarization, which is promising to generate a highly collimated electron beam. Moreover, we also discuss temperature effects from ionic motion on the PES and PAD. The second part of the work focuses on the ionization dynamics of simple atoms and molecules subject to extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulses in the presence of an infrared (IR) field. Using similar laser parameters as experiments, we find that for He atom it leads to subcycle ionization on the attosecond time scale depending on the delay time between IR and XUV pulses, while for Ar atom this is absent. To better understand it, we make a systematic study on the effect of key laser parameters in the IR regime. Our results reveal that IR laser intensity and XUV frequency are decisive parameters. We further study resonance effects on electron emission in Na2 molecule, and we find that ionization pattern can be related to either IR laser frequency or the eigenfrequency of the system. We then extend it to the mid-IR (MIR) regime, where more complex ionization patterns are observed. Finally, we develop a schematic model accounting for electron emission in two-color laser field, and an analytical solution of ionization probability is also obtained, which well explains the main characteristics of the ionization pattern
Caumont-Prim, Chloé. "Détermination de la distribution de taille des nanoparticules de suie par analyse du spectre d'extinction et de diffusion angulaire de la lumière." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800137.
Full textKeller, Niels. "Étude angulaire du deuxième champ critique dans les supraconducteurs à fermions lourds UPt3, URu2Si2 et CeCu2Si2." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10119.
Full textLefebvre, Laurent. "Étude de la pré-formation de particules α dans les noyaux de 40Ca et d'40Ar par cassure nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00875639.
Full textHérault, Joël. "Etude experimentale du ralentissement d'ions lourds de 20 a 100 mev par nucleon dans la matiere." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30075.
Full textBANOUNI, MOSTAFA. "Effets de la topographie de surface induite par impact d'ions lourds sur la spectrometrie d'electrons secondaires resolue angulairement." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30135.
Full textBERGNES, BRASEY CHANTAL. "Etude des processus directs elastique et inelastiques se produisant lors de la collision entre un ion d'helium et une cible d'hydrogene, pour une energie variant de 1,5 a 30 kev." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30204.
Full textDucloué, Bertrand. "Tests phénoménologiques de la chromodynamique quantique perturbative à haute énergie au LHC." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057271.
Full textChebboubi, Abdelaziz. "Contribution à l’étude de la fission nucléaire : de LOHENGRIN à FIPPS." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY039/document.
Full textNuclear fission consists in splitting a nucleus, in general an actinide, into smaller nuclei. Despite nuclear fission was discovered in 1939 by Hahn and Strassman, fission models cannot predict the fission observables with an acceptable accuracy for nuclear fuel cycle studies for instance. Improvement of fission models is an important issue for the knowledge of the process itself and for the applications. To reduce uncertainties of the nuclear data used in a nuclear reactor simulation, a validation of the models hypothesis is mandatory.In this work, two features of the nuclear fission were investigated in order to test the resistance of the theories. One aspect is the study of the symmetric fission fragments through the measurement of their yield and kinetic energy distribution. The other aspect is the study of the fission fragment angular momentum.Two techniques are available to assess the angular momentum of a fission fragment. The first one is to look at the properties of the prompt $gamma$. The new spectrometer FIPPS (FIssion Product Prompt gamma-ray Spectrometer), is currently under development at the ILL and will combine a fission filter with a large array of $gamma$ and neutron detectors in order to respond to these issues. The first part of this work is dedicated to the study of the properties of a Gas Filled Magnet (GFM) which is the type of fission filter considered for the FIPPS project.The second part of this work deals with the measurement of isomeric yields and evaluations of the angular momentum distribution of fission fragments. The study of the spherical nucleus $^{132}$Sn shed the light on the current limits of fission models.Finally, the last part of this work is about the measurement of the yields and kinetic energy distributions of symmetric fission fragments. Since models predict the existence of fission modes, the symmetry region is a suitable choice to investigate this kind of prediction.In parallel with all these studies, an emphasis on the development of new methods derived from statistical tools is achieved in order to better control the uncertainties and estimate the biases
DEMONCHY, Charles-Edouard. "étude de réactions et d'états isobariques analogues dans le système 8He+p, à basse énergie, à l'aide de la cible active MAYA." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004117.
Full textFerran, Ghislain. "Nouvelles méthodes numériques pour le traitement des sections efficaces nucléaires." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01077764/document.
Full textNuclear data allow to describe how a particle interacts with matter. These data are therefore at the basis of neutron transport and reactor physics calculations. Once measured and evaluated, they are given in libraries as a list of parameters. Before they can be used in neutron transport calculations, processing is required which includes taking into account several physical phenomena. This can be done by several softwares, such as NJOY, which all have the drawback to use old numerical methods derived from the same algorithms. For nuclear safety applications, it is important to rely on independent methods, to have a comparison point and to isolate the effects of the treatment on the final results. Moreover, it is important to properly master processing accuracy during its different steps. The objective of this PhD is then to develop independent numerical methods that can guarantee nuclear data processing within a given precision and to implement them practically, with the creation of the GAIA software. Our first step was the reconstruction of cross sections from the parameters given in libraries, with different approximations of the R-matrix theory. Reconstruction using the general formalism, without any approximation, has also been implemented, which has required the development of a new method to calculate the R-matrix. Tests have been performed on all existing formalisms, including the newest one. They have shown a good agreement between GAIA and NJOY. Reconstruction of angular differential cross sections directly from R-matrix parameters, using the Blatt-Biedenharn formula, has also been implemented and tested. The cross sections we have obtained at this point correspond to a target nucleus at absolute zero temperature. Because of thermal agitation, these cross sections are subject to a Doppler effect that is taken into account by integrating them with Solbrig's kernel. Our second step was then to calculate this integral. First, we have elaborated and validated a reference method that is precise but slow. Then, we have developed a new method based on Fast Fourier Transform algorithm. Comparisons with the reference method suggest that the precision of our method is better than the one achieved with NJOY, with comparable computation times. Besides, we have adapted this method to the case where target nuclei are in a condensed state (solid or liquid). For this latter case, an alternative implementation was done to obtain cross sections by integrating the S(a,b) law that characterize the chemical binding effect on collisions between neutrons and matter. Finally, a method was developed to generate an energy grid fine enough to allow a linear interpolation of cross sections between its points. At this point, we have at our disposal the minimum amount of information required to produce input files for the Monte-Carlo transport code MCNP. Such data have been translated into the correct format thanks to a module of NJOY. Calculations have been performed using our input files on several configurations, to demonstrate that our methods can actually be used to process modern evaluated files. In parallel, as part of a collaboration with Institut Laue-Langevin, we have participated in the treatment of experimental measurements of the S(a,b) law for light and heavy water. With GAIA, we have combined experimental values with values from a molecular dynamics simulation, with the objective to avoid using a molecular model in the domain where experimental values are available. This has only been a first step, but the values obtained improves the predictions of the model of ILL reactor. As a conclusion, during this PhD, new numerical methods were developed and we have shown that they can be used in practical cases
Mazouz, Malek. "Exploration de la diffusion Compton profondément virtuelle sur le neutron dans le hall A du Jefferson Laboratory." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123411.
Full textBoutoux, Guillaume. "Sections efficaces neutroniques via la méthode de substitution." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654677.
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