Academic literature on the topic 'Distributing channel furnace'
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Journal articles on the topic "Distributing channel furnace"
1
Kuzmin, Ilya V., Anton Yu Leshchenko, Sergey V. Pavlov, Rinat N. Shamsutdinov, and Yuriy S. Mochalov. "Test bench for gas-dynamic studies in the furnace channel for nuclear fuel pellet sintering *." Nuclear Energy and Technology 5, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.5.36479.
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Nuclear fuel pellets are sintered in high-temperature furnaces in an atmosphere with strictly defined requirements for the composition of the gas environments in the furnace’s different temperature zones. The preset process conditions in the mixed nitride uranium-plutonium (MNUP) fuel pellet sintering furnace is achieved through the respective gas supply arrangement and by the design of the barriers between the temperature zones and that of the gas supply and discharge units. A CFD model was created in the Ansys Fluent package and validated for testing the functionality of the design concepts used to develop the MNUP fuel sintering furnace channel. A mockup of the sintering furnace channel, which makes a part of the gas-dynamic test bench, was developed and fabricated for the analytical model validation. The paper presents a description of the test bench design and performance for measuring the concentration of gases in the channel simulating the nitride nuclear fuel sintering furnace channel. The results of the test bench gas-dynamic studies were used for the computational and experimental justification of the approaches used to develop the sintering furnace channel. The functionality of the barriers for the sintering furnace channel division into zones with the preset composition of the gas environments and the gas supply and discharge units has been tested experimentally. The obtained experimental data on the distribution of the process gas concentration makes it possible to validate computational thermophysical and gas-dynamic CFD models of the MNUP fuel sintering furnace channel.
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Yang, Li Jun, Yue Jun Zhang, Tian Ran Feng, and Feng Wu. "Refining Slag Treatment with Flotation Cell." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.330.
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In past years, the exploitation of mineral resource in our country was stressed on capacity and the solid waste recycle and innocent treatment was ignored. Much valuable metal is associated and coexist with waste, it is in difficult position for present technology to recycle valuable composition in that waste, which leads to valuable component loss and environment pollution. Therefore, the development and utilization of copper refining slag is in significance. In this paper, the advantages and difficulties to process refining slag by flotation method are discussed based on property analysis of copper refining slag. The refining slag is featured by high specific gravity, high concentration, and its particles distributing at both ends of small and large size. A flotation cell with special structure of barrier grid plate and multi-loop channel is developed for refining slag processing, which provides a proper way to solve the sediment problem during refining slag flotation. The application of CLF-40(effective volume,40m3) flotation cell for processing slag mixture from flash furnace and converter is expounded, the production index shows that the Cu grade is up to 27.18% at recovery of 83.93% when slurry concentrate being 70%
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Shcherba, A. A., O. D. Podoltsev, Y. V. Peretiatko, V. M. Zolotarov, and R. V. Bilianin. "CALCULATION OF ELECTROTHERMAL PROCESSES IN THE INDUCTION CHANNEL FURNACE IN THE STEADY-STATE OPERATION BASED ON THE THEORY OF THERMAL CIRCUITS." Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini 2021, no. 60 (December 10, 2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2021.60.005.
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Based on the theory of thermal circuits, a computer model of an induction channel furnace has been developed, which is used to obtain industrial copper wire rods in the mode of continuous casting. The model allows calculating the established electrothermal processes considering the flows of cold and molten metal in its core. In the developed thermal model, it is proposed to consider the convection fluxes of heat in the metal using controlled current sources. The temperature distribution in the active zone of the channel furnace is calculated, and the influence of the mass flow of metal at the inlet and outlet of the furnace on the non-uniformity of temperature distribution in the active zone is shown. The obtained results allow determining the required electric power of the furnace at different values of the flow rate of the metal that moves continuously through its core while heating to a given temperature. The developed model is relatively easy to implement, using the Matlab/Simulink package, and allows online to estimate the melt temperature in different zones depending on the electric power consumed by the furnace and the metal consumption at the outlet of the furnace, as well as to determine rational modes of its operation. Ref. 7, fig. 4.
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Zhou, Heng, Zhi Guo Luo, Tao Zhang, Jun Jie Sun, Li Hao Han, Xiao Rui Liu, and Zong Shu Zou. "3D Numerical Simulation of the Influence of AGD Beams on Gas Distribution in COREX-3000 Shaft Furnace." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1268.
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A three-dimensional mathematical model is developed to describe the influence of AGD beams on gas distribution in COREX-3000 shaft furnace. The calculated result shows that with AGD beams installed, the pressure drop in furnace is decreased while the volume of low velocity zone at bottom of furnace is enlarged. AGD channels can lead reduction gas into shaft center, and increase the gas velocity at slots level, but it have little effect on gas distribution at upper part of the furnace. AGD beams are also good at restraining down pipe gas, and the volume fraction of down pipe gas declines from 9.89 % to 6.41 %, decreases about 35.2%. 2#COREX furnace with AGD beams is better at achieving uniform gas distribution.
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PARSUNKIN, BORIS N., SERGEY M. ANDREEV, and ELENA YU MUKHINA. "EXTREME-OPTIMAL AUTOMATED CONTROL FOR CONCAST BILLET HEATING IN THROUGH-FEED FURNACES." Cherepovets State University Bulletin 5, no. 104 (2021): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2021-5-104-2.
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This article deals with a strategy of advanced extreme-optimal high-output energy-saving uniform exploratory control for the heating of concast slabs under the broad hot-rolling mill working modes with unsteady outputs to achieve guaranteed metal heating. The implemented advanced extreme-optimal exploratory control development strategy for production processes is analyzed using the specific example of efficient guaranteed optimum control of the heating parameters in through-feed furnaces. We review the best variational and exploratory extreme control methods for three interrelated heating processes: the distribution of fuel along the length of the furnace body and over time; the optimal control of fuel-burning to obtain the best calorific effect possible; the optimum heat-saving control for combustion product ejection through the reduced heat losses due to suction and knocking out. The operability and feasibility of the suggested extreme-optimal control are achieved using the simplified dynamic heat exchange model along the “fuel consumption” - “billet center temperature” channel with the surface temperature of the heated billets used as the main monitoring and control parameter. We analyzed the efficient method of automated autonomous positive control for the real thermal condition of each of the billets before they are ejected from the furnace to prevent the possibility of feeding underheated billets to the rolling mill, as well as emergencies in the mill. This system provides a forecast for the expected breakdown temperature for each of the billets before they are ejected from the furnace under the energy-saving operational mode. We present the results of the practical implementation of the extreme-optimal control for metal heating at four Russian high-output rolling mills that have a significant economic effect with minimum costs of software (digital) implementation of the suggested control concept.
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Dou, Weixue, Zexi Yang, Ziming Wang, and Qiang Yue. "Molten Steel Flow, Heat Transfer and Inclusion Distribution in a Single-Strand Continuous Casting Tundish with Induction Heating." Metals 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11101536.
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The electrical magnetic field plays an important role in controlling the molten steel flow, heat transfer and migration of inclusions. However, industrial tests for inclusion distribution in a single-strand tundish under the electromagnetic field have never been reported before. The distribution of non-metallic inclusions in steel is still uncertain in an induction-heating (IH) tundish. In the present study, therefore, using numerical simulation methods, we simulate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of molten steel in the channel-type IH tundish, especially in the channel. At the same time, industrial trials were carried out on the channel-type IH tundish, and the temperature distribution of the tundish with or without IH under different pouring ladle furnace was analyzed. The method of scanning electron microscopy was employed to obtain the distribution of inclusions on different channel sections. The flow characteristics of molten steel in the channel change with flow time, and the single vortex and double vortex alternately occur under the electromagnetic field. The heat loss of molten steel can be compensated in a tundish with IH. As heating for 145 s, the temperature of the molten steel in the channel increases by 31.8 K. It demonstrates that the temperature of the molten steel in the tundish can be kept at the target value of around 1813 K, fluctuating up and down 3 K after using electromagnetic IH. In the IH channel, the large inclusions with diameters greater than 9 μm are more concentrated at the edge of the channel, and the effect of IH on the inclusion with diameters less than 9 μm has little effect.
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Kulessa, Bernd, Beverly Chiarulli, Paul McCarthy, Susanne Haney, and Kevin Jones. "Large-scale geophysical reconstruction of man-made ground at former industrial iron-furnace plantations." GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 3 (May 2006): B55—B61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2194902.
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Blast-iron-furnace plantations were widespread throughout colonial and postcolonial America and therefore represent sites of specific archaeological interest. Because such plantations often were a really extensive, historical reconstruction of a site is challenging using conventional archaeological field techniques alone. Therefore, we appraise the usefulness of integrating magnetic gradiometer, electrical-resistivity tomography (ERT), and electromagnetic (EM31) data in detecting and delineating buried structures related to former operation of the Shade furnace, a typical industrial plantation in 19th-century Pennsylvania. The geophysical results were ground-truthed in seven locations by archaeological excavation. Geophysical results demonstrated that (1) the distribution of remaining original soils could be mapped; (2) waste materials (e.g., slag, used brick, burned charcoal, iron ore, and broken-up sandstone or limestone) within or above the original soils could be detected and delineated, whether the material occurred in pits or lenses or was dispersed across the ground surface; and (3) the location and spatial extent of many former structures related to furnace operation could be identified, such as building or bridge foundations and casting-related structures (e.g., the tapping channel or the casting floor, and the former courses of a water canal (raceway) and a supply road). We conclude that geophysical techniques can play a key role in reconstructing man-made ground at former industrial furnace sites in North America.
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Тарасов, Вячеслав Кирилович, Владислав Ростиславович Румянцев, Оксана Володимирівна Новокщонова, and Інна Олександрівна Ткаліч. "РОЗРОБКА ЗАХОДІВ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ УМОВ ПРАЦІ ПРИ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ ЧАВУНУ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 121, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2018.2.8.
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The article explores the causes of working environment pollution and identifies the sources of harmful and dangerous emissions in pig iron production, along with searching for rational measures to improve the blast furnace cast house aspiration system efficiency to remove toxic gases, dust and exhaust heat. A mathematical modeling methodology for transfer process of molten iron and slag from the blast furnace to the ladle has been employed. The best practice from Zaporizhstal Steel Works on a new aspiration system at blast furnace casting yard laid the basis for the research. An aerodynamic calculation method was used to detect deficiencies in the aspiration system. Statistical method to validate the results obtained was used for constructing of graphs and nomograms. The major causes of inefficiency of the current system of covering iron and slag troughs of a blast furnace casting yard have been revealed, in particular the bypass channel for slag from the main drain trough for molten iron and high local resistance losses on iron and slag distribution (the skimmers). Total and local resistance losses in various areas of drain gutters and aspiration systems have been calculated along with estimating the locations for additional exhaust hood installation, i.e. the special zones for skimmers, the main, transfer and bypass troughs for cast iron and slag. It is proved that by increasing the aspiration efficiency contamination of the working area is reduced, thus improving labour conditions significantly. It is proposed to use modern heat-resistant concrete troughs with higher resistance and longer life service. The proposed modification of trough slabs will facilitate their replacement when carrying out repair works on trough lining and cleaning. An aspiration system model for a typical blast furnace cast house has been developed and explored. The areas and reasons behind the loss of resistance in the exhaust system of hood covering for molten iron and slag troughs are identified. Recommendations to enhance the system efficiency to reduce contamination of the working environment and improve working conditions have been suggested.
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Schnorr, Manfred. "Trends in design of working and distributing channels of modern kiln furnaces for whole household glasses." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 57, no. 4 (2005): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2005.20.
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Lahaye, Domenico, Mohamed el Abbassi, Kees Vuik, Marco Talice, and Franjo Juretić. "Mitigating Thermal NOx by Changing the Secondary Air Injection Channel: A Case Study in the Cement Industry." Fluids 5, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5040220.
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This work studies how non-premixed turbulent combustion in a rotary kiln depends on the geometry of the secondary air inlet channel. We target a kiln in which temperatures can reach values above 1800 degrees Kelvin. Monitoring and possible mitigation of the thermal nitric-oxide (NOx) formation is of utmost importance. The performed reactive flow simulations result in detailed maps of the spatial distribution of the flow, thermodynamics and chemical conditions of the kiln. These maps provide valuable information to the operator of the kiln. The simulations show the difference between the existing and the newly proposed geometry of the secondary air inlet. In the existing configuration, the secondary air inlet is rectangular and located above the base of the burner pipe. The secondary air flows into the furnace from the top of the flame. The heat release by combustion is unevenly distributed throughout the flame. In the new geometry, the secondary air inlet is an annular ring placed around the burner pipe. The secondary air flows circumferentially around the burner pipe. The new secondary air inlet geometry is shown to result in a more homogeneous spatial distribution of the heat release throughout the flame. The peak temperatures of the flame and the production of thermal NOx are significantly reduced. Further research is required to resolve limitations of various choices in our modeling approach.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Distributing channel furnace"
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Білянін, Роман Володимирович. "Тепловий контроль технічного стану індукційних установок для виробництва мідної катанки." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/41338.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.11.13 – прилади і методи контролю та визначення складу речовин. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", м. Харків, 2019 р.
У дисертації вирішено важливе наукове завдання розвитку методів теплового контролю технічного стану індукційних установок виробництва високоякісної мідної катанки на основі використання математичного моделювання електротеплових процесів, аналізу розподілу температури в багатошаровій термоізоляції установок з урахуванням її деградації та розподілу температури на їх поверхні, що має суттєве значення для розвитку кабельної промисловості. Розроблено новий метод неруйнівного контролю технічного стану індукційних установок для виготовлення мідної катанки енергетичного призначення, в якому крім вимірювання реактивного та активного опорів індуктора та різниці температури води у системі охолодження додатково визначається ступінь деградації багато-шарової термоізоляції шляхом порівняння розрахункового розподілу поточної температури в об'ємі розплаву та ізоляції на тривимірній математичній моделі установки з практичним вимірюванням температури локальних областей (у роботі їх було 72) поверхні корпусу печі. Це дає можливість точніше прогнозувати ресурс печі та завчасно виявляти режими її роботи близькі до аварійних. Розроблено нове технічне рішення з удосконалення багатошарової термоізоляції індукційних установок з метою зменшення їхніх енерговитрат і збільшення ресурсу. Воно полягає у застосуванні замість третього термоізоляційного шару з легковагої цегли трьох шарів: монолітного вогнетривкого бетону, легковагої цегли та вогнетривкого паперу, зі збереженням загальної товщини ізоляції. Впровадження результатів дисертації в індукційній установці UPCAST US20X-10 для виготовлення мідної катанки в ПАТ "ЗАВОД ПІВДЕНКАБЕЛЬ" дало позитивні результати у зниженні на 20°C температури на корпусі печі, скороченні на 5-15% питомої витрати електроенергії на 1 тонну катанки та поліпшенні її якості шляхом зменшення відсотку сторонніх домішок і забезпечення вмісту в ній міді 99,99%.The thesis for a Candidate of Engineering Sciences degree by specialty 05.11.13 – devices and methods of control and determination of composition of substances. – National technical university "Kharkov polytechnic institute", Kharkiv, 2019. The thesis solves the important scientific task to improve methods of control of the technical condition of induction installations for the production of high-quality copper rod using the mathematical modeling of electrothermal processes in copper melt and multi-layer thermal insulation, with taking into account its degradation and temperature distribution on the installation surface, which is essential for the development of cable industry. A new method of non-destructive control of the technical condition of induction installations for the production of copper rod for power cables of energy value is developed, in which in addition to measuring the reactive and active resistances of the inductor and the reduction of the water temperature in the cooling system, the degree of degradation of multilayer thermal insulation is additionally determined by comparing the calculated distribution of the current temperature in the volume of melt and insulation on a three-dimensional mathematical model of the installation with practical measurement of temperature in local areas (in the work they were 72) of the surface of the furnace casing. This makes it possible to more accurately predict the furnace's profile and to detect the modes of its operation in a timely manner close to the emergency. A new technical solution for improving the multilayer thermoinsulation of induction installations has been developed in order to reduce their energy consumption and increase the resource. It consists in applying instead of the third thermal insulation layer of light-weight brick of three layers: monolithic refractory concrete, lightweight brick and refractory paper, with the preservation of the overall thickness of the insulation. The implementa-tion of the developed lining structure improvement at PJSC " YUZHCABLE WORKS" in the UPCAST US20X-10 induction installation for copper rod in the cable industry in Ukraine has yielded positive results in a 20°C decrease in the temperature of the furnace casing, a reduction of 5-15% of the specific cost Electricity for 1 ton of production and improvement of quality of copper rod, by reducing the percentage of foreign impurities and ensuring copper content in it 99,99%.
2
Білянін, Роман Володимирович. "Тепловий контроль технічного стану індукційних установок для виробництва мідної катанки." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/41340.
Full textAbstract:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.11.13 – прилади і методи контролю та визначення складу речовин. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", м. Харків, 2019 р.
У дисертації вирішено важливе наукове завдання розвитку методів теплового контролю технічного стану індукційних установок виробництва високоякісної мідної катанки на основі використання математичного моделювання електротеплових процесів, аналізу розподілу температури в багатошаровій термоізоляції установок з урахуванням її деградації та розподілу температури на їх поверхні, що має суттєве значення для розвитку кабельної промисловості. Розроблено новий метод неруйнівного контролю технічного стану індукційних установок для виготовлення мідної катанки енергетичного призначення, в якому крім вимірювання реактивного та активного опорів індуктора та різниці температури води у системі охолодження додатково визначається ступінь деградації багато-шарової термоізоляції шляхом порівняння розрахункового розподілу поточної температури в об'ємі розплаву та ізоляції на тривимірній математичній моделі установки з практичним вимірюванням температури локальних областей (у роботі їх було 72) поверхні корпусу печі. Це дає можливість точніше прогнозувати ресурс печі та завчасно виявляти режими її роботи близькі до аварійних. Розроблено нове технічне рішення з удосконалення багатошарової термоізоляції індукційних установок з метою зменшення їхніх енерговитрат і збільшення ресурсу. Воно полягає у застосуванні замість третього термоізоляційного шару з легковагої цегли трьох шарів: монолітного вогнетривкого бетону, легковагої цегли та вогнетривкого паперу, зі збереженням загальної товщини ізоляції. Впровадження результатів дисертації в індукційній установці UPCAST US20X-10 для виготовлення мідної катанки в ПАТ "ЗАВОД ПІВДЕНКАБЕЛЬ" дало позитивні результати у зниженні на 20°C температури на корпусі печі, скороченні на 5-15% питомої витрати електроенергії на 1 тонну катанки та поліпшенні її якості шляхом зменшення відсотку сторонніх домішок і забезпечення вмісту в ній міді 99,99%.The thesis for a Candidate of Engineering Sciences degree by specialty 05.11.13 – devices and methods of control and determination of composition of substances. – National technical university "Kharkov polytechnic institute", Kharkiv, 2019. The thesis solves the important scientific task to improve methods of control of the technical condition of induction installations for the production of high-quality copper rod using the mathematical modeling of electrothermal processes in copper melt and multi-layer thermal insulation, with taking into account its degradation and temperature distribution on the installation surface, which is essential for the development of cable industry. A new method of non-destructive control of the technical condition of induction installations for the production of copper rod for power cables of energy value is developed, in which in addition to measuring the reactive and active resistances of the inductor and the reduction of the water temperature in the cooling system, the degree of degradation of multilayer thermal insulation is additionally determined by comparing the calculated distribution of the current temperature in the volume of melt and insulation on a three-dimensional mathematical model of the installation with practical measurement of temperature in local areas (in the work they were 72) of the surface of the furnace casing. This makes it possible to more accurately predict the furnace's profile and to detect the modes of its operation in a timely manner close to the emergency. A new technical solution for improving the multilayer thermoinsulation of induction installations has been developed in order to reduce their energy consumption and increase the resource. It consists in applying instead of the third thermal insulation layer of light-weight brick of three layers: monolithic refractory concrete, lightweight brick and refractory paper, with the preservation of the overall thickness of the insulation. The implementa-tion of the developed lining structure improvement at PJSC " YUZHCABLE WORKS" in the UPCAST US20X-10 induction installation for copper rod in the cable industry in Ukraine has yielded positive results in a 20°C decrease in the temperature of the furnace casing, a reduction of 5-15% of the specific cost Electricity for 1 ton of production and improvement of quality of copper rod, by reducing the percentage of foreign impurities and ensuring copper content in it 99,99%.
Book chapters on the topic "Distributing channel furnace"
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Mušič, Branko, and Barbara Horn. "Results of Geophysical Investigations Related to the Excavated Remains of the Late Antique and Early Mediaeval Iron Production Sites in the Podravina Region, Croatia." In Interdisciplinary Research into Iron Metallurgy along the Drava River in Croatia, 18–42. Archaeopress Archaeology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/9781803271026-3.
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Several sites containing relatively high quantities of waste products from the bloomery iron production collected during archaeological field surveys in the Podravina region as part of the TransFER project were subsequently investigated by magnetic prospecting and topsoil apparent magnetic susceptibility mapping. The magnetic method proved to be very effective in identifying various archaeological remains of iron production activity in situ due to the high magnetic susceptibility of materials present in iron production workshops, which was confirmed in relation to the results of archaeological excavations at Sušine near Virje as well as Velike Hlebine and Dedanovice near the Hlebine sites. Reasons for the higher magnetic susceptibility include, in addition to the strongly magnetic minerals in iron production waste, fragments of fired clay from furnace construction and features such as shallow pits with burnt bottoms, as well as any other materials that have been exposed to high temperatures (burnt house plaster, etc.). The sites with remains of bloomery iron production were therefore reliably identified on the basis of their magnetic properties and the results were evaluated in relation to the excavated features. This study has also demonstrated that the sites with iron production activity present can also be reliably identified on the basis of changes in the apparent magnetic susceptibility of the topsoil to a depth of only 5 cm, after partial destruction of the archaeological layers by deep ploughing. These anomalies generally have a wider spatial distribution than those detected by magnetometers, due to a wide dispersion of material by ploughing mechanisms. With the aim of identifying layers with major enrichments of bog iron ore, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements were carried out at the site Novigrad Podravski–Milakov Berek, where pieces of bog iron ore appeared on the surface. Based on these results, we have not been able to reliably identify ore deposits, but it has been shown that it is possible to identify layers of relatively low resistivity on ERT profiles that have increased iron mineral content, as confirmed by X-ray analysis of core samples from shallow drillings at several other locations in the Podravina region.
Conference papers on the topic "Distributing channel furnace"
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Hofgren, Henrik, and Bengt Sundén. "Modeling Thermal Radiation With Focus on Particle Radiation in Grate Fired Furnaces Combusting MSW or Biomass: A Parametric Study." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62882.
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This parametric study shows that thermal radiation from particles, fly ash and char, can be highly relevant for estimating the radiative heat flux to surfaces in grate fired furnaces, especially to the hot bed. The large effects of particle radiative heat transfer come from cases with municipal solid waste (MSW) as fuel whereas biomass cases have moderate effect on the overall radiative heat transfer. The parameters investigated in the study were the fuel parameters, representing a variety of particle loads and size distributions, emissivities of walls and bed, and the size of furnace. The investigations were conducted in a 3-D rectangular environment with a fixed temperature field, and homogeneous distribution of gases and particles. The choice of boundary emissivity was found to be much more or equally important as the particle radiation effects, dependent if biomass or MSW, respectively, was used as the fuel. The effect of particle radiation increased with increasing furnace size, mostly evident in the change of the radiative source term and the heat flux to the bed. Compared to previous studies of particle radiation in grate fired combustion, this study used realistic particle mass size distributions for fly ash. Estimates of char mass size distributions inside the furnace were conducted and used.
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Zhou, Ping, Bin Wu, Yuzhu Hu, Dezhi Zheng, Jeff Fleitz, Robert Trajkovski, and Chenn Q. Zhou. "CFD Study for Air Distribution in Hydrogen Reformer Furnace." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88620.
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The uniform flow rate is a fundamental requirement in the design of air distributors for the hydrogen reformer furnace. Constraints of flow rate primarily demands on configuration of air distributors. Particularly for the air with different temperature, velocity and pressure, an even distribution of air distributors is especially important. Air distributors containing one inlet and eleven outlets are connected with burners so that uniform flow rate of each outlet is required. Based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method, temperature, velocity and pressure distribution in the air distributors are simulated. The results show that flow rate is sensitive to the rate of pressure and velocity change but not for temperature change. The maldistribution of each outlet cannot accord with engineering standard. So, it is necessary to take some methods to decrease the maldistribution of each outlet. The dampers exist at each outlet are controlled individually. Hence, the flow rate can be constrained by adjust pressure according to the proportion of maldistribution.
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Martins, N., N. H. Afgan, M. G. Carvalho, and M. Nogueira. "Heat Flux: A Design, Diagnostic and Control Parameter for Thermal Equipment." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1113.
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Abstract Heat flux is a space and time variable reflecting the state of a thermal system. The evaluation of heat flux properties in thermal systems gives the possibility of making an assessment of their efficiency, safety and availability. In this respect, it was proved that heat flux is an important design, diagnostic and control parameter for many thermal systems. This paper describes the evaluation of different aspects of heat flux properties including heat flux as a design parameter, heat flux as a diagnostic parameter and heat flux as a control parameter. The heat flux is proved to reflect the changes in thermal equipment during operation. The malfunction of this equipment is closely related to the change of the heat flux distribution within the system. In this respect, it was demonstrated that the failure of boilers and furnace operation could be diagnosed by the change in the heat flux distribution on the respective heat transfer surfaces. The heat flux, as a diagnostic variable for the assessment of the operation of thermal systems, will open a challenging opportunity for the design of on-line knowledge-based systems. This can be used for the assessment of efficiency and safety of thermal systems. A new method for heat flux measurement is introduced with reference to its use in boiler and glass furnaces. It shows the advantages of the new method when applied in high temperature and hostile environments.
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Dogu, Yahya, and Deborah A. Kaminski. "Effects of Eccentricity on Glass Temperatures in the Neck-Down Stage of the Optical Fiber Drawing Process." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0834.
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Abstract A three-dimensional model of the neck-down stage of an optical fiber draw furnace was formulated to examine the effects of eccentricity on preform temperature and flow in the furnace. Eccentricity is an unavoidable off-manufacturing condition, which is the deviation between the centers of the cylindrical furnace and the glass preform rod. The Navier-Stokes and energy equations describing the momentum and thermal transfers in the draw furnace were solved simultaneously both in the glass and gas domains using the finite element method. Temperature dependent physical properties were considered. Radiation heat transfer was added into the model as surface-to-surface radiation between the glass surface and furnace wall, using a full enclosure analysis. Radiation inside the glass was approximated by using the Rosseland diffusion approximation. The circumferential temperature distribution and viscosity change on the preform surface were determined. They increase with the eccentricity ratio. The eccentricity is the distance between the furnace axis and the preform axis. The gas flow is unsymmetrical due to eccentricity. Most of the temperature gradients and viscosity changes were not large within the furnace due to eccentricity. A balanced temperature field in the furnace is due to the high radiation heat transfer. Since the preform necks down within the furnace and becomes thinner in the lower half, the glass becomes more isothermal due to its high radiation coupled glass conductivity. However, although the resulting temperature difference on the glass preform is small, the gradient is high. This temperature gradient becomes important when the exponential temperature dependence of the glass viscosity is considered. The resulting viscosity difference in the neck-down region will cause the glass to flow faster on one side than on the other side resulting in nonuniform consumption of the glass preform. Thus, the desired symmetric root shape of the glass preform may change.
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Joo, Kang-Woo, Duwon Jeong, Mason Suh, and Kwang-Sun Kim. "A Study on the Internal Thermal Problems for Low Temperature Furnace in Semiconductor Processing." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87205.
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The low temperature furnace for semiconductor processing is applicable not only to the equipment which needs heat treatment on the silicon wafer but also to the industry field similar to semiconductor manufacturing. The target process in this research is for the low temperature furnace less than 500°C. The investigation on controlling the flat zone at low temperature range has been important with the recent development trend of miniaturized device and new materials. When the temperature in the furnace is changing, the temperature changing rate is slower at the batch type than the single type. The thermal problems therefore occur including the unnecessary heat treatment and the thermal shock of wafer for the sudden heat change. The research target is therefore to obtain the uniform temperature distribution in a whole furnace when manufacturing the low temperature heat treatment equipment. The precise control of the temperature of the reactor is a crucial factor obtaining the vapor deposition uniformity on the wafer surface. In this research, we validate the reliability of numerical analysis by being compared with the experimental results. And the different parameters that affect the internal temperature distribution including the radiant heat transfer are investigated using CFD for designing and manufacturing the furnace. To obtain the uniform temperature distribution of the reactor, the emissivity and reflectivity of pedestals which are installed under the wafer cartridge are also changed and investigated along with the different number of pedestals and distance of pedestals from the bottom of the wafer cartridge. As the results, the most effective design factor is the temperature of each heater to make the wafer temperature uniform. Additionally, the yield rate per one process is increased when the number of wafers is increased because the flat zone is widened.
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Cheng, Xu, and Yogesh Jaluria. "Effect of Draw Furnace Geometry on High Speed Optical Fiber Manufacturing." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1583.
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Abstract The motivation of manufacturers to pursue higher productivity and low costs in the fabrication of optical fibers requires large diameter silica-based preforms drawn into fiber at very high speed. An optimal design of the draw furnace is particularly desirable to meet the need of high-volume production in the optical fiber industry. This paper investigates optical fiber drawing at high draw speeds in a cylindrincal graphite furnace. A conjugate problem involving the glass and the purge gases is considered. The transport in the two regions is coupled through the boundary conditions at the free glass surface. The zonal method is used to model the radiative heat transfer in the glass. The neck-down profile of the preform at steady state is determined by a force balance, using an iterative numerical scheme. Thermally induced defects are also considered. To emphasize the effects of draw furnace geometry, the diameters of the preform and the fiber are kept fixed at 5 cm and 125 μm, respectively. The length and the diameter of the furnace are changed. For the purposes of comparison, a wide domain of draw speeds, ranging from 5 m/s to 20 m/s, is considered, and the form of the temperature distribution at the furnace surface is kept unchanged. The dependence of the preform/fiber characteristics, such as neckdown profile, velocity distribution and lag, temperature distribution and lag, heat transfer coefficent, defect concentration, and draw tension, on the furnace geometry is determined. Based on these numerical results, an optimal design of the draw furnace can be developed.
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Vernengo, Steven, Rade Milanovic, Chenn Q. Zhou, Pinakin Chaubal, and D. Huang. "Computations of Liquid Flow and Heat Transfer in the Hearth of a Blast Furnace." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55504.
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A blast furnace is a key facility in iron and steel making to convert iron oxides into liquid iron. The furnace campaign life is critical to the economic vitality of an integrated steel mill. The wearing of hearth refractories is widely recognized as the main limitation for a long campaign blast furnace life. Distribution of liquid iron flow and refractory temperatures have a significant influence on hearth wear. It is identified that the use of modern advanced techniques such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) provide the most cost effective solution to gauge the condition of the hearth and understand the reason for changes. In this research, a large commercial scale blast furnace hearth has been simulated using a comprehensive CFD model based on a simplified structure of deadman. The liquid iron flow pattern, temperature distribution in the liquid and the refractories, and the wearing profile in the hearth have been analyzed. A limited parametric study has also been performed. The results are promising and will be presented in the paper.
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Ertürk, Hakan, Ofodike A. Ezekoye, and John R. Howell. "Inverse Design of a Three Dimensional Furnace With Moving Design Environment." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24327.
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Abstract The inverse design of a three-dimensional furnace that is built to heat an object moving along a conveyor belt of an assembly line is considered. A furnace of this type can be used by the manufacturing industry for applications such as curing of paint, annealing or manufacturing through chemical deposition. The object that is to be heated moves along the furnace as it is heated following a specified temperature history while the spatial temperature distribution is kept isothermal through the whole process. The temperature distribution of the heaters of the furnace should be changed as the object moves so that the specified temperature history can be satisfied. The design problem is a transient design problem where a series of inverse solutions is utilized. The process furnace considered is in the shape of a rectangular tunnel where the heaters are located at top and the design object moves at the bottom. The inverse formulation of such a system is advantageous over a traditional trial-and-error solution where an iterative solution is required for every position as the object moves. The inverse formulation of the design problem involves ill-posed Fredholm equation of the first kind and the use of a regularized solver rather than an ordinary one such as Gauss-Seidel or Gauss elimination is essential. The radiative transfer is formulated utilizing the Monte Carlo method that enables including further realistic characteristics like specularly reflecting walls.
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Correia, Sara A. C., John Ward, Robert J. Tucker, and Jeff Rhine. "Numerical Simulation of the Application of Porous Ceramic Linings in a Gas-Fired Furnace." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41372.
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This paper describes the development and application of a mathematical model, which simulates the installation of a porous ceramic section as a replacement for part of the conventional lining in a continuously operated, high temperature, gas-fired furnace for heating steel bars prior to a hot forming process. The overall model iteratively links a sub-model of the flow and heat transfer through the porous section with a zone model of heat transfer in the furnace chamber. The resultant predicted heat fluxes at the top surface of the load are then used in a finite-difference calculation of conduction through the thickness of the bars to predict the temperature distribution within the load and the thermal performance of the furnace. The model is used to investigate the effects of the size and positioning of the porous lining as well as changes in its emissivity. In addition simulations were undertaken for a range of thermal inputs to the furnace. Overall the predictions demonstrate that the replacement of part of the conventional refractory lining by a porous ceramic section can result in enhanced radiative heat transfer to the load and hence significantly improved furnace performance.
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Zhu, G. M., B. Yao, Q. F. Jiao, X. N. Duan, Z. J. Wu, Y. Y. Bin, and Y. P. Chen. "Numerical Simulation Research on Optimizing Blended- Anthracites Combustion in W-Shaped Flame Boiler With Direct-Fired Pulverizing System." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55425.
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Two modes could be adopted such as pulverizing coal in different mills’ and ‘blending before furnace’. When blending different kind of coal, for “blending before furnace ’that means the different coals are blended previously before they are transported into Coal bunker and different mills pulverize same raw coal; on the other hand, Pulverizing coal in different mills’ means that different raw coals enter different mills, that is to say, different mills pulverize different raw coal. It is often held that it is unnecessary to optimize coal-blending mode since there are no essential difference of combustion characteristic etc. between anthracites. To determine the necessity of optimize mode when blending one anthracite with another anthracite, numerical simulation is carried out under different conditions using dual-mixture fraction/PDF approach. The calculated result shows that the furnace temperature field, oxygen distribution and velocity field are quite symmetrical under the ‘blending before furnace mode. But In contrast of that on the mode of pulverizing coal in different mills, the burn-off degree of powder coal and furnace outlet temperature are much lower. Even if using the same ‘pulverizing coal in different mills’ mode, if the mills running mode is changed, the efficiency of the boiler exist a gap from one to another. The simulation results prove that ‘pulverizing coal in different mills’ can enhance the combustion efficiency of boiler greatly even when one kind of anthracite is blended with another kind of anthracite. The operation mode of the coal-mills affect the furnace temperature field clearly and it could decrease coking tendency when the coal which is prone to be coked and so it is arranged far from the side wall of furnace.