Journal articles on the topic 'Distributed operating systems (Computers)'
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Weston, R. H., C. M. Sumpter, and J. D. Gascoigne. "Distributed manufacturing systems." Robotica 4, no. 1 (January 1986): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700002435.
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SUMMARYIn the context of computer-integrated manufacture (CIM), the paper describes the need for flexible “intelligent” machinery and the need for integrated and distributed software. Methodologies in obtaining appropriate solutions are discussed and related to two major SERC sponsored research programmes at Loughborough University, which concern (i) the design of a family of mechanical and control system modules to allow robots to be configured with user defined kinematic and dynamic properties, and (ii) the design of distributed hardware and software structures, based on internationally accepted communication protocols, to allow FAS's to be produced.In batch manufacture today's increased demand for product variety, requiring reduced lead times and work in progress, the need arises for computer-integrated manufacture (CIM). Similarly, in many conventional continuous flow manufacturing processes dramatic improvements in plant efficiency can be achieved by linking shop floor computer systems with computers performing management and design functions.Considerable research and development work has centred on flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs)3−1 which conventionally relate to metal cutting environments. Similarly the labour intensive nature of assembly operations has led to considerable interest in the design of flexible assembly systems.3.4 The principles embodied in FMS and FAS are translatable, being applicable to most manufacturing environments.To achieve flexible integrated manufacturing two major requirements can be identified, viz. (i) the need for flexible “intelligent” machinery, and (ii) the need for integrated but distributed software systems. This paper will consider future trends in (i) and (ii).
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Wang, Yingjun, Shaoyang He, and Yiran Wang. "AI-Assisted Dynamic Modelling for Data Management in a Distributed System." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.313623.
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There are many interdependent computers available in distributed networks. In such schemes, overall ownership costs comprise facilities, such as computers, controls, etc.; buying hardware; and running expenses such as wages, electrical charges, etc. Strom use is a large part of operating expenses. AI-assisted dynamic modelling for data management (AI-DM) framework is proposed. The high percentage of power use is connected explicitly to inadequate planning of energy. This research suggests creating a multi-objective method to plan the preparation of multi-criteria software solutions for distributed systems using the fuzzy TOPSIS tool as a comprehensive guide to multi-criteria management. The execution results demonstrate that this strategy could then sacrifice requirements by weight.
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Hartman, Amiel, and Vidya K. Nandikolla. "Human-Machine Interface for a Smart Wheelchair." Journal of Robotics 2019 (January 2, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4837058.
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The paper describes the integration of hardware and software with sensor technology and computer processing to develop the next generation intelligent wheelchair. The focus is a computer cluster design to test high performance computing for smart wheelchair operation and human interaction. The LabVIEW cluster is developed for real-time autonomous path planning and sensor data processing. Four small form factor computers are connected over a Gigabit Ethernet local area network to form the computer cluster. Autonomous programs are distributed across the cluster for increased task parallelism to improve processing time performance. The distributed programs operating frequency for path planning and motion control is 50Hz and 12.3Hz for 0.3 megapixel robot vision system. To monitor the operation and control of the distributed LabVIEW code, network automation is integrated into the cluster software along with a performance monitor. A link between the computer motion control program and the wheelchair joystick control of the drive train is developed for the computer control interface. A perception sensor array and control circuitry is integrated with the computer system to detect and respond to the wheelchair environment. Multiple cameras are used for image processing and scanning laser rangefinder sensors for obstacle avoidance in the cluster program. A centralized power system is integrated to power the smart wheelchair along with the cluster and sensor feedback system. The on board computer system is evaluated for cluster processing performance for the smart wheelchair, incorporating camera machine vision and LiDAR perception for terrain obstacle detection, operating in urban scenarios.
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Lienen, Christian, and Marco Platzner. "Design of Distributed Reconfigurable Robotics Systems with ReconROS." ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3494571.
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Robotics applications process large amounts of data in real time and require compute platforms that provide high performance and energy efficiency. FPGAs are well suited for many of these applications, but there is a reluctance in the robotics community to use hardware acceleration due to increased design complexity and a lack of consistent programming models across the software/hardware boundary. In this article, we present ReconROS , a framework that integrates the widely used robot operating system (ROS) with ReconOS, which features multithreaded programming of hardware and software threads for reconfigurable computers. This unique combination gives ROS 2 developers the flexibility to transparently accelerate parts of their robotics applications in hardware. We elaborate on the architecture and the design flow for ReconROS and report on a set of experiments that underline the feasibility and flexibility of our approach.
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Clément, Eric, and Michel Dagenais. "Traces Synchronization in Distributed Networks." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2009 (2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/190579.
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This article proposes a novel approach to synchronize a posteriori the detailed execution traces from several networked computers. It can be used to debug and investigate complex performance problems in systems where several computers exchange information. When the distributed system is under study, detailed execution traces are generated locally on each system using an efficient and accurate system level tracer, LTTng. When the tracing is finished, the individual traces are collected and analysed together. The messaging events in all the traces are then identified and correlated in order to estimate the time offset over time between each node. The time offset computation imprecision, associated with asymmetric network delays and operating system latency in message sending and receiving, is amortized over a large time interval through a linear least square fit over several messages covering a large time span. The resulting accuracy is such that it is possible to estimate the clock offsets in a distributed system, even with a relatively low volume of messages exchanged, to within the order of a microsecond while having a very low impact on the system execution, which is sufficient to properly order the events traced on the individual computers in the distributed system.
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Gałecki, Tomasz, and Wiktor Bohdan Daszczuk. "Tree-Like Distributed Computation Environment with Shapp Library." Information 11, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11030143.
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Despite the rapidly growing computing power of computers, it is often insufficient to perform mass calculations in a short time, for example, simulation of systems for various sets of parameters, the searching of huge state spaces, optimization using ant or genetic algorithms, machine learning, etc. One can solve the problem of a lack of computing power through workload management systems used in local networks in order to use the free computing power of servers and workstations. This article proposes raising such a system to a higher level of abstraction: The use in the .NET environment of a new Shapp library that allows remote task execution using fork-like operations from Portable Operating System Interface for UNIX (POSIX) systems. The library distributes the task code, sending static data on which task force is working, and individualizing tasks. In addition, a convenient way of communicating distributed tasks running hierarchically in the Shapp library was proposed to better manage the execution of these tasks. Many different task group architectures are possible; we focus on tree-like calculations that are suitable for many problems where the range of possible parallelism increases as the calculations progress.
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Daszczuk, W. B. "A Structured Semantic Design of Distributed Operating Systems." Computer Journal 34, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 482–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/34.6.482.
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Wybranietz, Dieter, and Peter Buhler. "The LADY programming environment for distributed operating systems." Future Generation Computer Systems 6, no. 3 (December 1990): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(90)90020-e.
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Tripathi, Anand R., and Neeran M. Karnik. "Trends in multiprocessor and distributed operating systems designs." Journal of Supercomputing 9, no. 1-2 (March 1995): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01245396.
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Thekkath, Chandramohan A., Henry M. Levy, and Edward D. Lazowska. "Separating data and control transfer in distributed operating systems." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 29, no. 11 (November 1994): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/195470.195481.
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Budiharto, Widodo. "Implementasi dan Evaluasi Penerapan Globus Toolkit untuk Aplikasi Grid Computing." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v3i1.2469.
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Grid computing is a distributed computing technology that utilizes resources connected through a free computer network, yet coordinated with a specific mechanism. The development of grid computing infrastructure is not easy because it takes skill and experience in the installation and configuration of both Linux-based and open source program. In this study, the author built a grid computing infrastructure based on Debian 4, and used Globus Toolkit 4.1.2 on three computers. The WSRF technology was tried to run as an indication that the grid infrastructure has been successfully built. Based on some experiments in this study, grid computing can run well on the three computers with a user interface of web-based grid system using the UCLA Grid Portal. Overall the system runs fine, but it requires high experiences and comprehensions upon the Linux operating systems as well as computer networks in the installation process.
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van Delft, Falco C. M. J. M., Giulia Ipolitti, Dan V. Nicolau, Ayyappasamy Sudalaiyadum Perumal, Ondřej Kašpar, Sara Kheireddine, Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu, and Dan V. Nicolau. "Something has to give: scaling combinatorial computing by biological agents exploring physical networks encoding NP-complete problems." Interface Focus 8, no. 6 (October 19, 2018): 20180034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2018.0034.
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On-chip network-based computation, using biological agents, is a new hardware-embedded approach which attempts to find solutions to combinatorial problems, in principle, in a shorter time than the fast, but sequential electronic computers. This analytical review starts by describing the underlying mathematical principles, presents several types of combinatorial (including NP-complete) problems and shows current implementations of proof of principle developments. Taking the subset sum problem as example for in-depth analysis, the review presents various options of computing agents, and compares several possible operation ‘run modes’ of network-based computer systems. Given the brute force approach of network-based systems for solving a problem of input size C, 2 C solutions must be visited. As this exponentially increasing workload needs to be distributed in space, time, and per computing agent, this review identifies the scaling-related key technological challenges in terms of chip fabrication, readout reliability and energy efficiency. The estimated computing time of massively parallel or combinatorially operating biological agents is then compared to that of electronic computers. Among future developments which could considerably improve network-based computing, labelling agents ‘on the fly’ and the readout of their travel history at network exits could offer promising avenues for finding hardware-embedded solutions to combinatorial problems.
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Lee, Hyeon-Seok, and Jae-Jung Yun. "Advanced MPPT Algorithm for Distributed Photovoltaic Systems." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 19, 2019): 3576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183576.
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The basic and adaptive maximum power point tracking algorithms have been studied for distributed photovoltaic systems to maximize the energy production of a photovoltaic (PV) module. However, the basic maximum power point tracking algorithms using a fixed step size, such as perturb and observe and incremental conductance, suffer from a trade-off between tracking accuracy and tracking speed. Although the adaptive maximum power point tracking algorithms using a variable step size improve the maximum power point tracking efficiency and dynamic response of the basic algorithms, these algorithms still have the oscillations at the maximum power point, because the variable step size is sensitive to external factors. Therefore, this paper proposes an enhanced maximum power point tracking algorithm that can have fast dynamic response, low oscillations, and high maximum power point tracking efficiency. To achieve these advantages, the proposed maximum power point tracking algorithm uses two methods that can apply the optimal step size to each operating range. In the operating range near the maximum power point, a small fixed step size is used to minimize the oscillations at the maximum power point. In contrast, in the operating range far from the maximum power point, a variable step size proportional to the slope of the power-voltage curve of PV module is used to achieve fast tracking speed under dynamic weather conditions. As a result, the proposed algorithm can achieve higher maximum power point tracking efficiency, faster dynamic response, and lower oscillations than the basic and adaptive algorithms. The theoretical analysis and performance of the proposed algorithm were verified by experimental results. In addition, the comparative experimental results of the proposed algorithm with the other maximum power point tracking algorithms show the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
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DiLuoffo, Vincenzo, William R. Michalson, and Berk Sunar. "Robot Operating System 2." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 172988141877001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418770011.
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It is no secret that robotic systems are expanding into many human roles or are augmenting human roles. The Robot Operating System is an open-source standard for the robotic industry that enables locomotion, manipulation, navigation, and recognition tasks by integrating sensors, motors, and controllers into reusable modules over a distributed messaging architecture. As reliance on robotic systems increases, these systems become high value targets, for example, in autonomous vehicles where human life is at risk. As Robot Operating System has become a de facto standard for many robotic systems, the security of Robot Operating System becomes an important consideration for deployed systems. The original Robot Operating System implementations were not designed to mitigate the security risks associated with hostile actors. Robot Operating System 2, the next generation of the Robot Operating System, addresses this shortcoming, leveraging Data Distributed Services for its messaging architecture and Data Distributed Services security extension for its data protection in motion. This article provides a systematic review of Robot Operating System 2 and identifies potential risks for this new robotic system paradigm. A Robot Operating System 2 robotic system is viewed as a series of layers from the hardware that include sensors, motors, and controllers to the software layers, which include the operating system, security services, protocols, messaging, and the cognitive layer for observation, learning, and action. Since Robot Operating System 2 and security are new considerations for robotics systems as they move into mainstream, many questions emerge. For example, can some portions be secure and other portions be non-secure? Does everything need to be secure? What are the trade-offs between, security, performance, latency and throughput? What about real-time robotic systems? This article provides an overview of the Robot Operating System 2 paradigm and represents a first step toward answering these questions.
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Oliveira, José, Pedro Pinto, and Henrique Santos. "Distributed Architecture to Enhance Systems Protection against Unauthorized Activity via USB Devices." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 10, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan10010019.
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Cyberattacks exploiting Universal Serial Bus (USB) interfaces may have a high impact on individual and corporate systems. The BadUSB is an attack where a USB device’s firmware is spoofed and, once mounted, allows attackers to execute a set of malicious actions in a target system. The countermeasures against this type of attack can be grouped into two strategies: phyiscal blocking of USB ports and software blocking. This paper proposes a distributed architecture that uses software blocking to enhance system protection against BadUSB attacks. This architecture is composed of multiple agents and external databases, and it is designed for personal or corporate computers using Microsoft Windows Operating System. When a USB device is connected, the agent inspects the device, provides filtered information about its functionality and presents a threat assessment to the user, based on all previous user choices stored in external databases. By providing valuable information to the user, and also threat assessments from multiple users, the proposed distributed architecture improves system protection.
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Thararak, Panida, and Peerapol Jirapong. "Implementation of Optimal Protection Coordination for Microgrids with Distributed Generations Using Quaternary Protection Scheme." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2020 (February 13, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2568652.
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The flexible operation of microgrids, along with the availability of distributed generation (DG) units, causes a variety of changes in short-circuit current levels, magnitudes, and directions, which has undesirable effects on the operation of protection systems. Conventional protection schemes use typical directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) with limited operating capability, unable to respond to microgrid operations in the manner of short-circuit current changes. In this paper, a quaternary protection scheme implemented with dual-directional overcurrent relays (dual-DOCR) and a protection control strategy is developed for protecting against faults in microgrids, taking into account the existence of DGs and connection and disconnection of DG units. The optimal dual-DOCRs setting and coordination are formulated as an optimization problem solved by evolutionary programming to minimize the relay operating times. The proposed protection scheme is implemented with a centralized protection control system based on the smart grid concept to increase the adaptability of the dual-DOCRs, which have multiple relay setting groups in accordance with system state changes. The simulation case studies are performed using the IEEE 14-bus test system, which is modified as a meshed microgrid operation. Test scenarios, including possible operations of microgrids, DGs availabilities, and different fault events, are analyzed and discussed. The comparative studies and simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides efficient coordination between the primary and backup relays and increases the responsibility of the protection system, which can be observed from the significant reduction in the relay operating times, resulting in the enhancement of selectivity, sensitivity, and speed of microgrid protection systems.
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BRODIE, MICHAEL L., and STEFANO CERI. "ON INTELLIGENT AND COOPERATIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS: A WORKSHOP SUMMARY." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 01, no. 02 (June 1992): 249–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218215792000209.
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Future information systems will involve large numbers of heterogeneous, intelligent agents distributed over large computer/communication networks. Agents may be humans, humans interacting with computers, humans working with computer support, and computer systems performing tasks without human intervention. We call such systems Intelligent and Cooperative Information Systems (ICISs). Although we can imagine extensions of capabilities of current ISs and of individual contributing core technologies, such as databases, artificial intelligence, operating systems, and programming languages, we cannot imagine the capabilities of ICISs which we believe will be based on extensions of these and other technologies. Neither do we know exactly what technologies and capabilities will be required, what challenges will arise, nor how the technologies might be integrated or work together to address the challenges. In this paper, we provide initial definitions for key concepts and terms in this new area, identify potential core contributing technologies, illustrate the ICIS concept with example systems, and pose basic research questions. We also describe the results of discussions on these topics that took place at the Second International Workshop on Intelligent and Cooperative Information Systems held in Como, Italy, October 1991. The workshop focused on core technologies for ICISs. The workshop and the results reflect the multi-disciplinary nature of this omerging area.
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Huizinga, Dorota M., and Ken A. Heflinger. "Two-level client caching and disconnected operation of notebook computers in distributed systems." ACM SIGICE Bulletin 21, no. 1 (July 1995): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/208632.208634.
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Tanenbaum, A. S. "Distributed operating systems anno 1992. What have we learned so far?" Distributed Systems Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 1993): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-1846/1/1/001.
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RUSSELL, DAVID W. "DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENCE IN MANUFACTURING INFORMATION SYSTEMS." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 07, no. 01 (March 2011): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005711001810.
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This paper describes an information system that was architected to enable front end distributed intelligence in a real manufacturing environment. By distributing intelligence to the most robust components of the system, data can be preserved at the cost of very real-time information. In order for the system as a whole to function this way, each software component was fitted with watchdog agent and granted system level access to the operating system so that it could detect and repair itself and other tasks in the event of a failure. During the repair process, the appropriate data collection processes were granted a level of autonomy that preserved data integrity. The paper is quite practical and designed as a case study rather than a theoretical research paper, although the techniques and principles applied are the result of much study.
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D., Iorgulescu. "Analysis of using and operating conditions of the naval power equipment according to the waveinduced ship load." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XIX, no. 1 (July 15, 2018): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-18-i1-038.
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This article analyzes the conditions of operation and exploitation of the ship's power equipment using the meteorological conditions and the type of ship. Based on the naval power systems and new shipbuilding technologies,we are looking for optimization and increased reliability of shipboard automation and navigation systems that are on board. The article analyzes and presents solutions about the complex problems that arise in the work of the engineer that is on board. It is demonstrated the importance of the quality indicators of the naval power system for improving the operating conditions of the existing plants and to modernize the ship by providing new equipment and computers whose optimal working is influenced by the quality of the electrical energy that is onboard. In this paper it is followed the ranking of the implemented control, monitoring and protection of the electrical energy system and the propulsion power of the systems, in which the physical and functional integrity is a vital design philosophy. This can be centralized or distributed by the computers. The study of the waves is done in order to estimate the induced demands in the structure of the ship and their influence on the equipments and the devices that are on-board. The analysis is performed using experimental and theoretical values as input data in the analysis with finite elements. For the estimation of structural strength of the ship and on-board equipment it is necessary to determine the extreme values of the wave-induced loads
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Ageev, A. M., V. N. Bukov, and V. A. Shurman. "Algorithms for Managing the Redundancy of Onboard Equipment Complexes of Mobile Objects. Part 2. Paired Arbitration of Computers." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 23, no. 6 (June 3, 2022): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.23.327-336.
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The article solves the problem of operative selection of the redundant onboard equipment complex components configuration of the suitable in the current operating conditionаs in the interests of ensuring high fault tolerance of the complex, as well as achieving other operational and technical characteristics. The basis of the redundancy management system of the complex consists of configuration supervisors — as program subjects according to the number of its competitive configurations of heterogeneous and nonuniform equipment worked out in advance. The choice of the preferred configuration is proposed to be carried out by performing multi-level arbitration, which includes two phases of paired arbitration of computers and paired arbitration of configuration. It is proposed to include the means of both types of arbitration in each configuration supervisor, which ensures its self-sufficiency when participating in a competitive selection. The second part of the article is devoted to the computer’s arbitration for the implementation of redundancy management functions. The approach is applicable to a computing environment with many comparable computing devices and contains 2 phases. In the first phase, a preliminary selection of a competing pair of computers — as applicants for the implementation of redundancy management functions in them is carried out. In the break between the phases, the pair computers implement the procedures for pair arbitration of configurations given in the first part of the article. In the second phase, the final choice of the α-computer is made, in which the supervisor who won the arbitration will be implemented. In order to achieve the maximum possible centralization of selection procedures and, as a consequence, the exclusion of "bottlenecks" in terms of reliability of places, additionally proposed: the organization of secure data exchange between computers based on distributed registry technology; the procedure of paired arbitration of computers, consisting in mutual cross-validation of dominant supervisors of a pre-allocated pair by comparing preference matrices, including information parcels of arbitration objects. A methodological example that demonstrates the features of the system functioning in the conditions of computers degradation is given. The proposed approach can be used to solve the problems of reconfiguration control of heterogeneous computing facilities of technical objects on-board equipment complexes.
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Cvijović, Miomirka, and Mojca Kunc. "An approach to the design of distributed real-time operating systems." Microprocessors and Microsystems 16, no. 2 (January 1992): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-9331(92)90075-5.
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KIM, Sang-Hoon. "A Case for Low-Latency Communication Layer for Distributed Operating Systems." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E104.D, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 2244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2021edl8049.
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Carati, Emerson Giovani, Victor Emanuel Soares Barbosa, Rafael Cardoso, Carlos Marcelo de Oliveira Stein, and Jean Patric da Costa. "Supervisory Layer for Improved Interactivity of Distributed Generation Inverters with Smart Grids." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 10, no. 4 (November 10, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan10040064.
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This work proposes an autonomous management system for distributed generation (DG) systems connected to the AC grid, using supervisory control theory (SCT). SCT is used to deal with discrete asynchronous events that modify the properties and operational conditions of these systems. The proposed management layer allows the smart inverters to interact with smart grid managers (SGMs), while guaranteeing operation compliance with the IEEE Standards. The implemented supervisor for the management layer is an automaton that performs the smart inverter manager (SIM) functions in the photovoltaic systems in discrete events. A DSP real-time verification was performed with Typhoon HIL 602+ to demonstrate the smart inverter’s operating dynamics connected to the grid. The results showed the fast response and robust operation of the smart inverter manager to the commands from the smart grid manager.
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Silva, Eudinei O., Wagner E. Vanco, and Geraldo C. Guimaraes. "Capacitor Bank Sizing for Squirrel Cage Induction Generators Operating in Distributed Systems." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 27507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2971704.
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Lin, Hong. "A Case Study of Teaching Parallel and Distributed Computing Topics on a Computer Cluster." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 16, no. 2 (April 2014): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.2014040105.
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This paper presents the establishment of cluster computing lab at a minority serving institution that aims to provide computing resources to support undergraduate computer science curriculum. The computing resources of the cluster are managed by a job distribution environment that allows the users to upload, compile, and run their jobs. The job distribution software distributes the submitted jobs to the computing nodes of the cluster. The authors will present a case study of using this platform to teach parallel and distributed computing topics in the operating system course. The evaluation of the teaching effectiveness is presented thereafter.
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Zhao, Jian Ping, Xiao Yang Liu, Hui Hua Wu, Xiao Lin Chen, Li Yang, and De Hua Zhang. "A Remote and Unified Software Automated Deployment Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3245.
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According to the problem that the current deployment methods and tools lead to complex control of software version, simple and repeated labor, and low work efficiency for the distributed software system containing a variety of applications deployed and upgraded on computers of different hardware configurations and operating systems, a remote and unified software automated deployment platform is designed by studying software automated deployment platform and key techniques of software information description language, software intelligent deployment algorithm and multi-agent communication mechanism. The experiment shows that the deployment platform can automatically detect software deployment conflicts, adjust conflicts, make collaborative decisions of software deployment, realize the unified and intelligent deployment at last.
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Mikkilineni, Rao. "Architectural Resiliency in Distributed Computing." International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 4, no. 4 (October 2012): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jghpc.2012100103.
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Cellular organisms have evolved to manage themselves and their interactions with their surroundings with a high degree of resiliency, efficiency and scalability. Signaling and collaboration of autonomous distributed computing elements accomplishing a common goal with optimal resource utilization are the differentiating characteristics that contribute to the computing model of cellular organisms. By introducing signaling and self-management abstractions in an autonomic computing element called Distributed Intelligent Managed Element (DIME), the authors improve the architectural resiliency, efficiency, and scaling in distributed computing systems. Described are two implementations of DIME network architecture to demonstrate auto-scaling, self-repair, dynamic performance optimization, and end to end distributed transaction management. By virtualizing a process (by converting it into a DIME) in the Linux operating system and also building a new native operating system called Parallax OS optimized for Intel-multi-core processors, which converts each core into a DIME, implications of the DIME computing model to future cloud computing services and datacenter infrastructure management practices and discuss the relationship of the DIME computing model to current discussions on Turing machines, Gödel’s theorems and a call for no less than a Kuhnian paradigm shift by some computer scientists.
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VALLÉE, GEOFFROY, RENAUD LOTTIAUX, LOUIS RILLING, JEAN-YVES BERTHOU, IVAN DUTKA MALHEN, and CHRISTINE MORIN. "A CASE FOR SINGLE SYSTEM IMAGE CLUSTER OPERATING SYSTEMS: THE KERRIGHED APPROACH." Parallel Processing Letters 13, no. 02 (June 2003): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626403001185.
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In this paper, we present fundamental mechanisms for global process and memory management in an efficient single system image cluster operating system designed to execute workloads composed of high performance sequential and parallel applications. Their implementation in Kerrighed, our proposed distributed operating system, is composed of a set of Linux modules and a patch of less than 200 lines of code to the Linux kernel. Kerrighed is a unique single system image cluster operating system providing the standard Unix interface as well as distributed OS mechanisms such as load balancing on all cluster nodes. Our support for standard Unix interface includes support for multi-threaded applications and a checkpointing facility for both sequential and shared memory parallel applications. We present an experimental evaluation of the Kerrighed system and demonstrate the feasibility of the single system image approach at the kernel level.
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Ohata, Toru, Hiroyuki Konishi, Hiroaki Kimura, Yukito Furukawa, Kenji Tamasaku, Takeshi Nakatani, Toshiya Tanabe, Norimasa Matsumoto, Miho Ishii, and Tetsuya Ishikawa. "SPring-8 beamline control system." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 590–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597016038.
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The SPring-8 beamline control system is now taking part in the control of the insertion device (ID), front end, beam transportation channel and all interlock systems of the beamline: it will supply a highly standardized environment of apparatus control for collaborative researchers. In particular, ID operation is very important in a third-generation synchrotron light source facility. It is also very important to consider the security system because the ID is part of the storage ring and is therefore governed by the synchrotron ring control system. The progress of computer networking systems and the technology of security control require the development of a highly flexible control system. An interlock system that is independent of the control system has increased the reliability. For the beamline control system the so-called standard model concept has been adopted. VME-bus (VME) is used as the front-end control system and a UNIX workstation as the operator console. CPU boards of the VME-bus are RISC processor-based board computers operated by a LynxOS-based HP-RT real-time operating system. The workstation and the VME are linked to each other by a network, and form the distributed system. The HP 9000/700 series with HP-UX and the HP 9000/743rt series with HP-RT are used. All the controllable apparatus may be operated from any workstation.
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KIM, H. C. "A Collaborative Role-Based Access Control for Trusted Operating Systems in Distributed Environment." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E88-A, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietfec/e88-a.1.270.
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Guarnieri Calò Carducci, Carlo, Marco Pau, Cesar Cazal, Ferdinanda Ponci, and Antonello Monti. "SMU Open-Source Platform for Synchronized Measurements." Sensors 22, no. 14 (July 6, 2022): 5074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145074.
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The ramping trend of cheap and performant single board computers (SBC) is growingly offering unprecedented opportunities in various domains, taking advantage of the widespread support and flexibility offered by an operating system (OS) environment. Unfortunately, data acquisition systems implemented in an OS environment are traditionally considered not to be suitable for reliable industrial applications. Such a position is supported by the lack of hardware interrupt handling and deterministic control of timed operations. In this study, the authors fill this gap by proposing an innovative and versatile SBC-based open-source platform for CPU-independent data acquisition. The synchronized measurement unit (SMU) is a high-accuracy device able to perform multichannel simultaneous sampling up to 200 kS/s with sub-microsecond synchronization precision to a GPS time reference. It exhibits very low offset and gain errors, with a minimum bandwidth beyond 20 kHz, SNR levels above 90 dB and THD as low as −110 dB. These features make the SMU particularly attractive for the power system domain, where synchronized measurements are increasingly required for the geographically distributed monitoring of grid operating conditions and power quality phenomena. We present the characterization of the SMU in terms of measurement and time synchronization accuracy, proving that this device, while low-cost, guarantees performance compliant with the requirements for synchrophasor-based applications in power systems.
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Ciscon, Lawrence A., James D. Wise, and Don H. Johnson. "A Distributed Data Sharing Environment for Telerobotics." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 3, no. 4 (January 1994): 321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1994.3.4.321.
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We designed and implemented a distributed processing environment for uniformly communicating and sharing information among remotely located robots and human operators. This environment interconnects heterogeneous processors to withstand dynamically changing configurations and communications failures, and to support mixed-mode operation (simultaneous teleoperation and autonomous modes). The key design notion is undirected, data-driven communication: the recipients of data rather than the creators define communications paths for well-formed data blocks augmented by descriptive properties. Using this environment, we have implemented both a hierarchical path planner for an intelligent mobile robot operating over a local-area network and a telerobotic testbed that supports long-distance teleoperation.
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Fukuda, Hiroaki, Ryota Gunji, Tadahiro Hasegawa, Paul Leger, and Ismael Figueroa. "DSSM: Distributed Streaming Data Sharing Manager." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041344.
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Developing robot control software systems is difficult because of a wide variety of requirements, including hardware systems and sensors, even though robots are demanding nowadays. Middleware systems, such as Robot Operating System (ROS), are being developed and widely used to tackle this difficulty. Streaming data Sharing Manager (SSM) is one of such middleware systems that allow developers to write and read sensor data with timestamps using a Personal Computer (PC). The timestamp feature is essential for the robot control system because it usually uses multiple sensors with their own measurement cycles, meaning that measured sensor values with different timestamps become useless for the robot control. Using SSM allows developers to use measured sensor values with the same timestamps; however, SSM assumes that only one PC is used. Thereby, if one process consumes CPU resources intensively, other processes cannot finish their assumed deadlines, leading to the unexpected behavior of a robot. This paper proposes an SSM middleware, named Distributed Streaming data Sharing Manager (DSSM), that enables distributing processes on SSM to different PCs. We have developed a prototype of DSSM and confirmed its behavior so far. In addition, we apply DSSM to an existing real SSM based robot control system that autonomously controls an unmanned vehicle robot. We then reveal its advantages and disadvantages via several experiments by measuring resource usages.
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GANTENBEIN, REX E., THOMAS F. LAWRENCE, and SUNG YUN SHIN. "A FRAMEWORK FOR ADAPTIVE FAULT MANAGEMENT IN DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 01, no. 03 (September 1994): 391–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539394000283.
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Most strategies for fault management in distributed computing systems are effective only for a narrow range of fault classes. In some systems, however, a wide range of operating environments may be encountered that require different strategies to be used at different times. Adaptive fault management can be used to increase a system’s survivability under conditions that can suddenly and drastically change, but there are a number of problems that must be solved for this paradigm to be successful. Two of these problems are the characterization of fault management techniques and the evaluation of system behavior relative to system requirements. A taxonomy for distributed fault management characterizes a variety of well-known techniques for achieving survivability in distributed systems. A generalized metric can then evaluate the effectiveness of different fault management techniques under changing conditions. These two concepts may be used as a framework for understanding how an adaptive system can dynamically select an appropriate fault management strategy from a number of alternatives in response to changes in its operating environment. Applications that use multiple fault management techniques to enhance their survivability illustrate the applicability of this framework.
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Shmid, Alexander Viktorovich. "Practice and Prospects for Using the Emulator Family of IBM Mainframe Architecture." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 32, no. 5 (2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2020-32(5)-4.
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This article describes the family of emulators for IBM mainframe architectures, their development history, functional features and capability, as well as the experience of many years (since 1994) of emulators development and their implementation area. There was sold the relatively simple task (for modern standards) of creating a virtual machine in the VSE/ESA operating system for transferring legacy platform-dependent applications to this target environment. The problem was solved at first for EU computers in Russia, and then for IBM 9221 in Germany and in the other western countries. The transfer was made to the OS/390 environment, and to IBM AIX, quite modern at that time. The virtual execution of any existing IBM mainframe operating systems in the main server OS environments: Linux, Windows, AIX, Z/OS, ZLinux had been provided. There was developed the solution for combining any types of formed virtual computing nodes into heterogeneous geographically distributed computing networks that provide, in particular, multiple mutual redundancy of nodes in the network.
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Mikielewicz, Kosowski, Tucki, Piwowarski, Stępień, Orynycz, and Włodarski. "Gas Turbine Cycle with External Combustion Chamber for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Systems." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 3501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183501.
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The use of various biofuels, usually of relatively small Lower Heating Value (LHV), affects the gas turbine efficiency. The present paper shows that applying the proposed air by-pass system of the combustor at the turbine exit causes tan increase of efficiency of the turbine cycle increased by a few points. This solution appears very promising also in combined gas/steam turbine power plants. The comparison of a turbine set operating according to an open cycle with partial bypassing of external combustion chamber at the turbine exit (a new solution) and, for comparison, a turbine set operating according to an open cycle with a regenerator. The calculations were carried out for different fuels: gas from biomass gasification (LHV = 4.4 MJ/kg), biogas (LHV = 17.5 MJ/kg) and methane (LHV = 50 MJ/kg). It is demonstrated that analyzed solution enables construction of several kW power microturbines that might be used on a local scale. Such turbines, operated by prosumer’s type of organizations may change the efficiency of electricity generation on a country-wide scale evidently contributing to the sustainability of power generation, as well as the economy as a whole.
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Cruz, Marco, Desta Fitiwi, Sérgio Santos, Sílvio Mariano, and João Catalão. "Prospects of a Meshed Electrical Distribution System Featuring Large-Scale Variable Renewable Power." Energies 11, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 3399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123399.
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Electrical distribution system operators (DSOs) are facing an increasing number of challenges, largely as a result of the growing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind power. Amid global climate change and other energy-related concerns, the transformation of electrical distribution systems (EDSs) will most likely go ahead by modernizing distribution grids so that more DERs can be accommodated. Therefore, new operational strategies that aim to increase the flexibility of EDSs must be thought of and developed. This action is indispensable so that EDSs can seamlessly accommodate large amounts of intermittent renewable power. One plausible strategy that is worth considering is operating distribution systems in a meshed topology. The aim of this work is, therefore, related to the prospects of gradually adopting such a strategy. The analysis includes the additional level of flexibility that can be provided by operating distribution grids in a meshed manner, and the utilization level of variable renewable power. The distribution operational problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming approach in a stochastic framework. Numerical results reveal the multi-faceted benefits of operating distribution grids in a meshed manner. Such an operation scheme adds considerable flexibility to the system and leads to a more efficient utilization of variable renewable energy source (RES)-based distributed generation.
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Barreiro, Fernando, Doug Benjamin, Taylor Childers, Kaushik De, Johannes Elmsheuser, Andrej Filipcic, Alexei Klimentov, et al. "The Future of Distributed Computing Systems in ATLAS: Boldly Venturing Beyond Grids." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 03047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921403047.
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Since 2010 the Production and Distributed Analysis system (PanDA) for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Colliderhas seen big changes to accommodate new types of distributed computing resources: clouds, HPCs, volunteer computers and other external resources. While PanDA was originally designed for fairly homogeneous resources available through the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid, the new resources are heterogeneous, at diverse scales and with diverse interfaces. Up to a fifth of the resources available to ATLAS are of such new types and require special techniques for integration into PanDA. In this talk, we present the nature and scale of these resources. We provide an overview of the various challenges faced, spanning infrastructure, software distribution, workload requirements, scaling requirements, workflow management, data management, network provisioning, and associated software and computing facilities. We describe the strategies for integrating these heterogeneous resources into ATLAS, and the new software components being developed in PanDA to efficiently use them. Plans for software and computing evolution to meet the needs of LHC operations and upgrade in the long term future will be discussed.
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Ahmed, Emad M., Mokhtar Aly, Ahmed Elmelegi, Abdullah G. Alharbi, and Ziad M. Ali. "Multifunctional Distributed MPPT Controller for 3P4W Grid-Connected PV Systems in Distribution Network with Unbalanced Loads." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 16, 2019): 4799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244799.
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The integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems with three-phase four-wire (3P4W) distribution networks has imposed several challenges related to existing unbalanced loads, reactive power generation and harmonics content. In this paper, a multifunctional distributed maximum power point (MPPT) controller for grid integration of PV systems is proposed. The proposed distributed MPPT controller is developed based on employing a four-leg three-level T-type multilevel inverter. The proposed inverter performs multifunctionalities, including distributed MPPT, neutral current compensation for the unbalanced loads, supplying reactive power into the grid and the grid integration. Moreover, the proposed inverter overcomes the stochastic behavior of both the PV generation with partial shading problems and its operation with unbalanced loads as well. Furthermore, the new proposed controller injects sinusoidal output currents with decreased levels of total harmonic distortion (THD) into the grid. The tested case study is investigated for the various operating scenarios of PV generation and load demands. The results and tabulated performance comparisons have proven the superior performance of the proposed multifunctional PV generation system. The results show the ability of the proposed controller to efficiently extract distributed MPPT for all PV modules at all the tested scenarios. Additional improvement of the energy efficiency is achieved through the elimination of the neutral current due to existing unbalanced loads.
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Schmeling, Lucas, Patrik Schönfeldt, Peter Klement, Steffen Wehkamp, Benedikt Hanke, and Carsten Agert. "Development of a Decision-Making Framework for Distributed Energy Systems in a German District." Energies 13, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030552.
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The planning and decision-making for a distributed energy supply concept in complex actor structures like in districts calls for the approach to be highly structured. Here, a strategy with strong use of energetic simulations is developed, the core elements are presented, and research gaps are identified. The exemplary implementation is shown using the case study of a new district on the former Oldenburg airbase in northwestern Germany. The process is divided into four consecutive phases, which are carried out with different stakeholder participation and use of different simulation tools. Based on a common objective, a superstructure of the applicable technologies is developed. Detailed planning is then carried out with the help of a multi-objective optimal sizing algorithm and Monte Carlo based risk assessment. The process ends with the operating phase, which is to guarantee a further optimal and dynamic mode of operation. The main objective of this publication is to present the core elements of the planning processes and decision-making framework based on the case study and to find and identify research gaps that will have to be addressed in the future.
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Bulatov, Yuri, and Andrey Kryukov. "Study of cyber security of predictive control algorithms for distributed generation plants." Analysis and data processing systems, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2782-2001-2021-2-19-34.
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The power industry is currently actively developing the field related to the use of distributed generation plants located near the power receiving devices of consumers. At the same time, the introduction of distributed generation plants causes a lot of engineering problems which need solutions. One of them is the optimization of the settings of automatic voltage regulators (AVR) and speed regulators (ASR) of synchronous generators in all possible operating modes. This requires the use of complex models of power supply systems, distributed generation plants and their regulators, as well as labor-intensive calculations that take into account a large number of interrelated parameters. However, there is another approach based on the use of predictive controllers. In this case only one parameter is needed for linear predictive models.The article describes a method for constructing and tuning the proposed predictive ASR synchronous generator, as well as computer models of distributed generation plants used in research. The purpose of the research was to determine cyber security of power supply systems equipped with various distributed generation plants with predictive speed controllers that can be implemented on the basis of the microprocessor technology. The studies were carried out in the MATLAB system using the Simulink and SymPowerSystems simulation packages on computer models of distributed generation plants with one turbine generator operating at a dedicated load, as well as a group of hydrogenerators connected to a high-power electric power system. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed predictive control algorithms, as well as the fact that their cyber security can be increased by introducing hardware restrictions on the range of changes in the time constant of the predictive link.
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Lee, Jinsu, and Eunji Lee. "Concerto: Dynamic Processor Scaling for Distributed Data Systems with Replication." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 5731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125731.
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A surge of interest in data-intensive computing has led to a drastic increase in the demand for data centers. Given this growing popularity, data centers are becoming a primary contributor to the increased consumption of energy worldwide. To mitigate this problem, this paper revisits DVFS (Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling), a well-known technique to reduce the energy usage of processors, from the viewpoint of distributed systems. Distributed data systems typically adopt a replication facility to provide high availability and short latency. In this type of architecture, the replicas are maintained in an asynchronous manner, while the master synchronously operates via user requests. Based on this relaxation constraint of replica, we present a novel DVFS technique called Concerto, which intentionally scales down the frequency of processors operating for the replicas. This mechanism can achieve considerable energy savings without an increase in the user-perceived latency. We implemented Concerto on Redis 6.0.1, a commercial-level distributed key-value store, demonstrating that all associated performance issues were resolved. To prevent a delay in read queries assigned to the replicas, we offload the independent part of the read operation to the fast-running thread. We also empirically demonstrate that the decreased performance of the replica does not cause an increase of the replication lag because the inherent load unbalance between the master and replica hides the increased latency of the replica. Performance evaluations with micro and real-world benchmarks show that Redis saves 32% on average and up to 51% of energy with Concerto under various workloads, with minor performance losses in the replicas. Despite numerous studies of the energy saving in data centers, to the best of our best knowledge, Concerto is the first approach that considers clock-speed scaling at the aggregate level, exploiting heterogeneous performance constraints across data nodes.
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Slowinski, R., S. Wilk, K. J. Farion, J. Pike, S. Rubin, and W. Michalowski. "Design and Development of a Mobile System for Supporting Emergency Triage." Methods of Information in Medicine 44, no. 01 (2005): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633918.
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Summary Objectives: Our objective was to design and develop a mobile clinical decision support system for emergency triage of different acute pain presentations. The system should interact with existing hospital information systems, run on mobile computing devices (handheld computers) and be suitable for operation in weak-connectivity conditions (with unstable connections between mobile clients and a server). Methods: The MET (Mobile Emergency Triage) system was designed following an extended client-server architecture. The client component, responsible for triage decision support, is built as a knowledge-based system, with domain ontology separated from generic problem solving methods and used for the automatic creation of a user interface. Results: The MET system is well suited for operation in the Emergency Department of a hospital. The system’s external interactions are managed by the server, while the MET clients, running on handheld computers are used by clinicians for collecting clinical data and supporting triage at the bedside. The functionality of the MET client is distributed into specialized modules, responsible for triaging specific types of acute pain presentations. The modules are stored on the server, and on request they can be transferred and executed on the mobile clients. The modular design provides for easy extension of the system’s functionality. A clinical trial of the MET system validated the appropriateness of the system’s design, and proved the usefulness and acceptance of the system in clinical practice. Conclusions: The MET system captures the necessary hospital data, allows for entry of patient information, and provides triage support. By operating on handheld computers, it fits into the regular emergency department workflow without introducing any hindrances or disruptions. It supports triage anytime and anywhere, directly at the point of care, and also can be used as an electronic patient chart, facilitating structured data collection.
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Ilyushin, Pavel, Aleksandr Kulikov, Konstantin Suslov, and Sergey Filippov. "Consideration of Distinguishing Design Features of Gas-Turbine and Gas-Reciprocating Units in Design of Emergency Control Systems." Machines 9, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9030047.
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Modern gas-turbine units (GTUs) and gas-reciprocating units (GRUs) have found a wide use at power plants, including distributed generation facilities, running on gaseous fuel. The design features of these generating units have a considerable effect on the nature and parameters of transient processes due to emergency disturbances in the adjacent network. The study shows that single-shaft gas-turbine and gas-reciprocating units do not allow even short-term considerable frequency drops. These schemes and operating conditions arise due to emergency active power shortages when the connection between the power plant and the power system weakens due to repair conditions or islanded operation. The paper presents the results of transient process calculations for operating power plants (distributed generation facilities), which make it possible to identify the unfavorable properties of GTUs and GRUs. The results show that two-shaft (three-shaft) GTUs and GRUs can switch to out-of-step conditions even when short-circuits in the adjacent network are cleared with high-speed relay protection devices. The features of out-of-step conditions and the admissibility of their short-term duration for the spontaneous restoration of generators’ synchronization are considered. The findings suggest that considering the fundamental design features of generating units provides informed technical decisions on equipping power plants (distributed generation (DG) facilities) and the adjacent network with efficient emergency control systems.
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V. S. S. Sailaja, Ch, and Polaki V. N. Prasad. "Reliability evaluation of distribution system integrated with distributed generation." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 3166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i6.4534.
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Distributed generation (DG) improves the reliability of the system by providing a means of alternate power supply to the load points. DG is integrated to meet the system load along with the utility. In this work roy billinton test system (RBTS) bus 4 is considered for evaluating the effect of DG integration on system reliability. Reliability is evaluated using failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) technique and the results are validated using Monte Carlo simulation technique. A MATLAB program is developed for both the techniques to evaluate the reliability. The failure rate of DG and the islanding capability of the DG are considered to resemble the practical operating conditions of DG. When DG is operating in islanded mode, if DG fails it affects the outage time of the load points. DG failure rate is also considered as the second order failure event overlapping with the feeder section failures. All the practical operating conditions of DG considered and their effect on the reliability of the system is evaluated.
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Simonov, A., T. Weber, and W. Steurer. "Yell: a computer program for diffuse scattering analysisviathree-dimensional delta pair distribution function refinement." Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, no. 3 (May 29, 2014): 1146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576714008668.
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Yell, a program for routine refinement of disorder models against single-crystal diffuse scattering data, is presented. The analysis is based on the three-dimensional delta pair distribution function (3D-ΔPDF) method, which provides direct access to interatomic correlations in real crystal structures. Substitutional, displacive and size-effect disorder models are covered. The input file format supports flexible usage of arithmetic expressions for constraining dependent parameter values. The program is designed to be run on desktop computers. By using an efficient fast-Fourier-transform-based diffuse scattering calculation algorithm, full least-square refinements of medium complexity disorder models may be performed within minutes or hours, even if the experimental diffuse scattering is represented by large and fine-sampled reciprocal space volumes. The program is written in C++ and the source code is distributed under the GPL licence. Binary distributions are currently available for Mac and Windows operating systems.
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Gai, Xinnan, Yali Wang, Renliang Chen, and Liang Zou. "Research on Hybrid Microgrid Based on Simultaneous AC and DC Distribution Network and Its Power Router." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061077.
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Under the dual pressure of environmental pollution and energy crisis, the global energy consumption structure reform deepens unceasingly and the concept of energy internet has developed rapidly. The widespread volatility, randomness, and uncertainty of distributed new energy generation impose new requirements on distribution systems. The zigzag transformer is used as the coupling and isolating device for simultaneous AC–DC transmission. The basic principle and structure of simultaneous AC–DC power distribution network is analyzed. The topology structure of the simultaneous AC–DC hybrid microgrid and basic operating principle of the microgrid under different operating modes are proposed for the distributed power grid technology. Combined with power electronic technology, a modular multi-interface structure of power routers applied to AC–DC hybrid microgrid and its control strategy are proposed to realize the power routing control of microgrid and ensure reliable operation control of the microgrid. By building the model of simultaneous AC–DC hybrid microgrid and its power router, the rationality and effectiveness of the power router for microgrid routing control are verified.
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Krivorotova, Victoria V. "Computer simulation of long line with loss in steady harmonic mode at active load." Modern Transportation Systems and Technologies 8, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20228255-69.
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Background: The implementation of projects to create long-range power systems requires the greatest possible study of not only the technical feasibility of long lines, but also the features of energy transmission along these lines. Such studies can be carried out in the field, using a physical experiment or using computer simulation. The first is limited by the complexity of the experiment, the lack of access to real measurements. Unlike a physical experiment, computer simulation is devoid of these problems: it makes it quite easy not only to model a long line, but also to study it under various operating modes. The practical significance of this work is the applicability of the proposed method in the educational process when students of energy specialties of transport universities perform research on lines with distributed parameters to solve subsequent problems in the development or development of new energy systems of great extent.
Aim: Building a computer model of a long line and developing a method for studying various modes of its operation under various loads, including idling and short circuit.
Methods: Computer modelling.
Results: A computer model of a line with distributed parameters has been constructed, which allows one to study it under various modes.
Conclusion: As part of the development of energy systems, the relevance of developing and modeling new methods for studying various modes in such circuits increases many times over. At the same time, newly developed methods should be applicable in the educational process. The article describes computer simulation and study of a long line under various active loads of the distribution of the effective value of the voltage along the line during its transmission, equal to half the wavelength (half-wave line). Research in this direction has not only scientific significance, but also practical, since it is possible to reasonably develop new models of long lines, as well as solve problems in the field of studying non-stationary (transient) operating modes of long lines.