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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Distributed operating systems (Computers)

Academic literature on the topic 'Distributed operating systems (Computers)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Distributed operating systems (Computers)"

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Weston, R. H., C. M. Sumpter, and J. D. Gascoigne. "Distributed manufacturing systems." Robotica 4, no. 1 (January 1986): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700002435.

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SUMMARYIn the context of computer-integrated manufacture (CIM), the paper describes the need for flexible “intelligent” machinery and the need for integrated and distributed software. Methodologies in obtaining appropriate solutions are discussed and related to two major SERC sponsored research programmes at Loughborough University, which concern (i) the design of a family of mechanical and control system modules to allow robots to be configured with user defined kinematic and dynamic properties, and (ii) the design of distributed hardware and software structures, based on internationally accepted communication protocols, to allow FAS's to be produced.In batch manufacture today's increased demand for product variety, requiring reduced lead times and work in progress, the need arises for computer-integrated manufacture (CIM). Similarly, in many conventional continuous flow manufacturing processes dramatic improvements in plant efficiency can be achieved by linking shop floor computer systems with computers performing management and design functions.Considerable research and development work has centred on flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs)3−1 which conventionally relate to metal cutting environments. Similarly the labour intensive nature of assembly operations has led to considerable interest in the design of flexible assembly systems.3.4 The principles embodied in FMS and FAS are translatable, being applicable to most manufacturing environments.To achieve flexible integrated manufacturing two major requirements can be identified, viz. (i) the need for flexible “intelligent” machinery, and (ii) the need for integrated but distributed software systems. This paper will consider future trends in (i) and (ii).

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Wang, Yingjun, Shaoyang He, and Yiran Wang. "AI-Assisted Dynamic Modelling for Data Management in a Distributed System." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.313623.

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There are many interdependent computers available in distributed networks. In such schemes, overall ownership costs comprise facilities, such as computers, controls, etc.; buying hardware; and running expenses such as wages, electrical charges, etc. Strom use is a large part of operating expenses. AI-assisted dynamic modelling for data management (AI-DM) framework is proposed. The high percentage of power use is connected explicitly to inadequate planning of energy. This research suggests creating a multi-objective method to plan the preparation of multi-criteria software solutions for distributed systems using the fuzzy TOPSIS tool as a comprehensive guide to multi-criteria management. The execution results demonstrate that this strategy could then sacrifice requirements by weight.

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Hartman, Amiel, and Vidya K. Nandikolla. "Human-Machine Interface for a Smart Wheelchair." Journal of Robotics 2019 (January 2, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4837058.

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The paper describes the integration of hardware and software with sensor technology and computer processing to develop the next generation intelligent wheelchair. The focus is a computer cluster design to test high performance computing for smart wheelchair operation and human interaction. The LabVIEW cluster is developed for real-time autonomous path planning and sensor data processing. Four small form factor computers are connected over a Gigabit Ethernet local area network to form the computer cluster. Autonomous programs are distributed across the cluster for increased task parallelism to improve processing time performance. The distributed programs operating frequency for path planning and motion control is 50Hz and 12.3Hz for 0.3 megapixel robot vision system. To monitor the operation and control of the distributed LabVIEW code, network automation is integrated into the cluster software along with a performance monitor. A link between the computer motion control program and the wheelchair joystick control of the drive train is developed for the computer control interface. A perception sensor array and control circuitry is integrated with the computer system to detect and respond to the wheelchair environment. Multiple cameras are used for image processing and scanning laser rangefinder sensors for obstacle avoidance in the cluster program. A centralized power system is integrated to power the smart wheelchair along with the cluster and sensor feedback system. The on board computer system is evaluated for cluster processing performance for the smart wheelchair, incorporating camera machine vision and LiDAR perception for terrain obstacle detection, operating in urban scenarios.

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Lienen, Christian, and Marco Platzner. "Design of Distributed Reconfigurable Robotics Systems with ReconROS." ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3494571.

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Robotics applications process large amounts of data in real time and require compute platforms that provide high performance and energy efficiency. FPGAs are well suited for many of these applications, but there is a reluctance in the robotics community to use hardware acceleration due to increased design complexity and a lack of consistent programming models across the software/hardware boundary. In this article, we present ReconROS , a framework that integrates the widely used robot operating system (ROS) with ReconOS, which features multithreaded programming of hardware and software threads for reconfigurable computers. This unique combination gives ROS 2 developers the flexibility to transparently accelerate parts of their robotics applications in hardware. We elaborate on the architecture and the design flow for ReconROS and report on a set of experiments that underline the feasibility and flexibility of our approach.

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Clément, Eric, and Michel Dagenais. "Traces Synchronization in Distributed Networks." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2009 (2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/190579.

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This article proposes a novel approach to synchronize a posteriori the detailed execution traces from several networked computers. It can be used to debug and investigate complex performance problems in systems where several computers exchange information. When the distributed system is under study, detailed execution traces are generated locally on each system using an efficient and accurate system level tracer, LTTng. When the tracing is finished, the individual traces are collected and analysed together. The messaging events in all the traces are then identified and correlated in order to estimate the time offset over time between each node. The time offset computation imprecision, associated with asymmetric network delays and operating system latency in message sending and receiving, is amortized over a large time interval through a linear least square fit over several messages covering a large time span. The resulting accuracy is such that it is possible to estimate the clock offsets in a distributed system, even with a relatively low volume of messages exchanged, to within the order of a microsecond while having a very low impact on the system execution, which is sufficient to properly order the events traced on the individual computers in the distributed system.

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Gałecki, Tomasz, and Wiktor Bohdan Daszczuk. "Tree-Like Distributed Computation Environment with Shapp Library." Information 11, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11030143.

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Despite the rapidly growing computing power of computers, it is often insufficient to perform mass calculations in a short time, for example, simulation of systems for various sets of parameters, the searching of huge state spaces, optimization using ant or genetic algorithms, machine learning, etc. One can solve the problem of a lack of computing power through workload management systems used in local networks in order to use the free computing power of servers and workstations. This article proposes raising such a system to a higher level of abstraction: The use in the .NET environment of a new Shapp library that allows remote task execution using fork-like operations from Portable Operating System Interface for UNIX (POSIX) systems. The library distributes the task code, sending static data on which task force is working, and individualizing tasks. In addition, a convenient way of communicating distributed tasks running hierarchically in the Shapp library was proposed to better manage the execution of these tasks. Many different task group architectures are possible; we focus on tree-like calculations that are suitable for many problems where the range of possible parallelism increases as the calculations progress.

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Daszczuk, W. B. "A Structured Semantic Design of Distributed Operating Systems." Computer Journal 34, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 482–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/34.6.482.

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Wybranietz, Dieter, and Peter Buhler. "The LADY programming environment for distributed operating systems." Future Generation Computer Systems 6, no. 3 (December 1990): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(90)90020-e.

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Tripathi, Anand R., and Neeran M. Karnik. "Trends in multiprocessor and distributed operating systems designs." Journal of Supercomputing 9, no. 1-2 (March 1995): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01245396.

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Thekkath, Chandramohan A., Henry M. Levy, and Edward D. Lazowska. "Separating data and control transfer in distributed operating systems." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 29, no. 11 (November 1994): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/195470.195481.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Distributed operating systems (Computers)"

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Roth, Christopher. "A distributed password scheme for network operating systems." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FRoth.pdf.

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Purdin, Titus Douglas Mahlon. "ENHANCING FILE AVAILABILITY IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS (THE SAGUARO FILE SYSTEM)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184161.

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This dissertation describes the design and implementation of the file system component of the Saguaro operating system for computers connected by a local-area network. Systems constructed on such an architecture have the potential advantage of increased file availability due to their inherent redundancy. In Saguaro, this advantage is made available through two mechanisms that support semi-automatic file replication and access: reproduction sets and metafiles. A reproduction set is a collection of files that the system attempts to keep identical on a "best effort" basis, relying on the user to handle unusual situations that may arise. A metafile is a special file that contains symbolic path names of other files; when a metafile is opened, the system selects an available constituent file and opens it instead. These mechanisms are especially appropriate for situations that do not require guaranteed consistency or a large number of copies. Other interesting aspects of the Saguaro file system design are also described. The logical file system forms a single tree, yet any file can be placed in any of the physical file systems. This organization allows the creation of a logical association among files that is quite different from their physical association. In addition, the broken path algorithm is described. This algorithm makes it possible to bypass elements in a path name that are on inaccessible physical file systems. Thus, any accessible file can be made available, regardless of the availability of directories in its path. Details are provided on the implementation of the Saguaro file system. The servers of which the system is composed are described individually and a comprehensive operational example is supplied to illustrate their interation. The underlying data structures of the file system are presented. The virtual roots, which contain information used by the broken path algorithm, are the most novel of these. Finally, an implementation of reproduction sets and metafiles for interconnected networks running Berkeley UNIX is described. This implementation demonstrates the broad applicability of these mechanisms. It also provides insight into the way in which mechanisms to facilitate user controlled replication of files can be inexpensively added to existing file systems. Performance measurements for this implementation are also presented.

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Spafford, Eugene Howard. "Kernel structures for a distributed operating system." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9144.

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Messer, Alan. "A market model for controlled resource allocation in distributed operating systems." Thesis, City, University of London, 1999. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/20134/.

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This thesis explores the potential for providing processes with control over their resource allocation in a general-purpose distributed system. Rather than present processes with blind explicit control or leave the decision to the operating system, a compromise, called process-centric resource allocation is proposed whereby processes have informed control of their resource allocation, while the operating system ensures fair consumption. The motivations for this approach to resource allocation and its background are reviewed culminating in the description of a set of desired attributes for such a system. A three layered architecture called ERA is then proposed and presented in detail. The lowest layer, provides a unified framework for processes to choose resources, describe their priority and describes the range of available resources. A resource information mechanism, used to support choices of distributed resources then utilises this framework. Finally, experimental demonstrations of process-centric resource allocation are used to illustrate the third layer. This design and its algorithms together provide a resource allocation system wherein distributed resources are shared fairly amongst competing processes which can choose their resources. The system allows processes to mimic traditional resource allocations and perform novel and beneficial resource optimisations. Experimental results are presented indicating that this can be achieved with low overhead and in a scalable fashion.

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Gunaseelan, L. "Debugging of Distributed object systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9219.

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Deorukhkar, Mayuresh. "Deadlock probability prediction and detection in distributed systems /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421130.

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Wang, Koping. "Spider II: A component-based distributed computing system." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1874.

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Spider II system is the second version implementation of the Spider project. This system is the first distributed computation research project in the Department of Computer Science at CSUSB. Spider II is a distributed virtual machine on top of the UNIX or LINUX operating system. Spider II features multi-tasking, load balancing and fault tolerance, which optimize the performance and stability of the system.

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McDonald, Ian Lindsay. "Memory management in a distributed system of single address space operating systems supporting quality of service." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5427/.

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The choices provided by an operating system to the application developer for managing memory came in two forms: no choice at all, with the operating system making all decisions about managing memory; or the choice to implement virtual memory management specific to the individual application. The second of these choices is, for all intents and purposes, the same as the first: no choice at all. For many application developers, the cost of implementing a customised virtual memory management system is just too high. The results is that, regardless of the level of flexibility available, the developer ends up using the system-provided default. Further exacerbating the problem is the tendency for operating system developers to be extremely unimaginative when providing that same default. Advancements in virtual memory techniques such as prefetching, remote paging, compressed caching, and user-level page replacement coupled with the provision of user-level virtual memory management should have heralded a new era of choice and an application-centric approach to memory management. Unfortunately, this has failed to materialise. This dissertation describes the design and implementation of the Heracles virtual memory management system. The Heracles approach is one of inclusion rather than exclusion. The main goal of Heracles is to provide an extensible environment that is configurable to the extent of providing application-centric memory management without the need for application developers to implement their own. However, should the application developer wish to provide a more specialised implementation for all or any part of Heracles, the system is constructed around well-defined interfaces that allow new implementations to be "plugged in" where required. The result is a virtual memory management hierarchy that is highly configurable, highly flexible, and can be adapted at run-time to meet new phases in the application's behaviour. Furthermore, different parts of an application's address space can have different hierarchies associated with managing its memory.

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McLean, Angus L. M. Thom III. "Real-time distributed simulation analysis : an application of temporal database and simulation systems research." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9124.

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Yuh, Han-Sheng. "Spider: An overview of an object-oriented distributed computing system." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1417.

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Books on the topic "Distributed operating systems (Computers)"

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Chow, Randy. Distributed operating systems & algorithms. Reading, Mass: Addison Wesley, 1996.

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Chow, Randy. Distributed operating systems & algorithms. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1997.

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Tanenbaum, Andrew S. Distributed operating systems. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall International, 1995.

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Tanenbaum, Andrew S. Distributed operating systems. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1995.

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Centralized and distributed operating systems. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1992.

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Nutt, Gary J. Centralized and distributed operating systems. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1992.

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Paker, Y. Distributed Operating Systems: Theory and Practice. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987.

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Borghoff, Uwe M. Catalogue of distributed file/operating systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Design of distributed operating systems. New York, NY: Intertext Publications, 1986.

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Sinha, Pradeep K. Distributed operating systems: Concepts and design. New York: IEEE Press, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Distributed operating systems (Computers)"

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Powell, J. M. A. "Helios — A Distributed Operating System for MIMD Computers." In Computing with T.Node Parallel Architecture, 63–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3496-5_5.

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Erciyes, K. "Distributed Real-Time Operating Systems and the Middleware." In Computer Communications and Networks, 119–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22570-4_6.

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English, John. "Distributed Systems." In Introduction to Operating Systems, 332–65. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-37408-9_11.

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Cecílio, José, and Pedro Furtado. "Distributed Control System Operations." In Computer Communications and Networks, 19–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02889-7_3.

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Lamport, Leslie. "A Formal Basis for the Specification of Concurrent Systems." In Distributed Operating Systems, 3–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46604-5_1.

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Rozier, Marc, and José Legatheaux Martins. "The CHORUS Distributed Operating System: Some Design Issues." In Distributed Operating Systems, 261–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46604-5_10.

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Magee, Jeff, Jeff Kramer, and Morris Sloman. "The Conic Support Environment for Distributed Systems." In Distributed Operating Systems, 289–310. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46604-5_11.

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Banatre, Michel. "An Experience in Solving a Transaction Ordering Problem in a Distributed System." In Distributed Operating Systems, 311–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46604-5_12.

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Spector, Alfred Z. "Distributed Transaction Processing and The Camelot System." In Distributed Operating Systems, 331–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46604-5_13.

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Kindberg, T., A. V. Sahiner, and Y. Paker. "Worm Programs." In Distributed Operating Systems, 355–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46604-5_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Distributed operating systems (Computers)"

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Duarte, Vitor A. "Session details: Distributed computing and operating systems." In ITiCSE05: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3246156.

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Hollis, Simon J., Edward Ma, and Radu Marculescu. "nOS: A nano-sized distributed operating system for many-core embedded systems." In 2016 IEEE 34th International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2016.7753278.

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Ravindran, K. "Correcting remote references to a server in distributed operating systems." In IEEE INFCOM '91. The conference on Computer Communications. Tenth Annual Joint Comference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies Proceedings. IEEE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infcom.1991.147589.

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Tagarev, Todor, and George Sharkov. "Computationally Intensive Functions in Designing and Operating Distributed Cyber Secure and Resilient Systems." In CompSysTech '19: 20th International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3345252.3345255.

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Huizinga, D. M., and K. A. Heflinger. "Experience with Connected and Disconnected Operation of Portable Notebook Computers in Distributed Systems." In 1994 First Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (WMCSA). IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wmcsa.1994.23.

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Sormaz, Dusan N., Narender Neerukonda, and Vikesh Jain. "Distributed Integration of Knowledge-Based Process Planning With CAM Software." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57737.

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Seamless integration of manufacturing planning activities, though being imperative for application of advanced technologies, is still not completely developed. Integration between design and manufacturing systems is usually done within tightly implemented suite of CAD/CAM applications. However, there is a need to integrate these applications into a wider framework in which manufacturing knowledge is incorporated into planning tasks, and tasks may be executed in distributed environment. This paper proposes such a framework. The methodology is based on integration of CAM software with rule-based process planning on several levels. The basis for this approach is existence of feature based CAD model that is usually designed in CAD package. The process-planning task can be performed in two modes: traditional mode and distributed mode. In traditional mode, tightly integrated CAM package is used to create necessary tool paths and detailed specification for particular geometry from the design. They are exported into a CAPP package for cost optimization and sequencing for the final NC program. Distributed mode allows utilization of rule base for creation of manufacturing operations. Results are imported into CAM package for tool path generation and NC code post processing. CAD/CAM package exports its feature into rule-based process planning system. For each feature, rules are fired in order to select the most appropriate machining operation, tool, and cutting parameters. Process sequencing can also be performed. In both modes, integration may be carried out between different computers using TCP/IP protocol to enable distributed processing of different tasks. The current results in implementing the prototype, which supports proposed methodology and few test cases of both operating modes, are also described.

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Huizinga, Dorota M., and Ken A. Heflinger. "Two-level client caching and disconnected operation of notebook computers in distributed systems." In the 1995 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/315891.316027.

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Chou, Yu-Cheng, David Ko, and Harry H. Cheng. "Embeddable Mobile-C for Runtime Support of Code Mobility in Multi-Agent Systems." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35747.

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Agent technology is emerging as an important concept for the development of distributed complex systems. A number of mobile agent systems have been developed in the last decade. However, most of them were developed to support only Java mobile agents. Furthermore, many of them are standalone platforms. In other words, they were not designed to be embedded in a user application to support the code mobility. In order to provide distributed applications with the code mobility, this article presents a mobile agent library, the Mobile-C library. The Mobile-C library is supported by various operating systems including Windows, Unix, and real-time operating systems. It has a small footprint to meet the stringent memory capacity for a variety of mechatronic and embedded systems. This library allows a Mobile-C agency, a mobile agent platform, to be embedded in a program to support C/C++ mobile agents. Functions in this library facilitate the development of a multi-agent system that can easily interface with a variety of hardware devices.

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Erol, N. A., and Y. Altintas. "Open Architecture Modular Tool Kit for Motion and Machining Process Control." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1070.

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Abstract An open, reconfigurable and modular monitoring and control system is presented for CNC machine tools. The CNC operating system is a fully integrated an open real-time, preemptive DSP operating system and a Windows NT application. It has vendor neutral architecture, and supports multiple DSP boards and multiple host computers for distributed operation. The system’s transparent communication protocol allows connection between software modules on the same or different DSP boards and host computers. The connections can be set up at runtime via a scripting language. The operating system allows modular integration of new functions developed in C language, and can be reconfigured to control robots, machine tools or processes, using simple script commands. The system can be used as an open architecture, modular operating system for the progressive development of real time signal processing, motion and process control applications running in WINDOWS NT and DSP environments. Sample applications for machine tool control and sensor assisted machining applications are presented.

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Sanaatiyan, M. M., and Hamid Hassanpour. "Robotic Networks in Applied Distributed Mechatronics Systems: Problems and Issues in Developments and Applications." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87150.

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Most of classical robot systems are constructed by using a monolithic system with a predefined physical layout, unified model of programming and operation. There are, however, a number of tasks that can’t be solved with such systems or the use of a single system limits the performance. So, we think Distributed Mechatronic Systems are the most reasonable solution in the applied projects. Network Robotics, Multiagent Mobil Systems, Network Robotic Systems which usually uses sensors/actuators networks can be an applied approach to deploy some of the Distributed Mechatronic Systems. Some of the most important applied projects have been surveyed. Therefore, we have found there are too many bottleneck and challenges in Distributed Mechatronic Systems and they will be discussed in this paper.

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Reports on the topic "Distributed operating systems (Computers)"

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Wittie, Larry D. Portable Operating Systems for Network Computers: Distributed Operating Systems Support for Group Communications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada170113.

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Lawrence, Thomas F. Distributed Operating Systems Interoperability Research Project. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada223669.

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Nehmer, Juergen. A Structuring Framework for Distributed Operating Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199093.

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Tripathi, Anand. Instrumentation Request for Research in Fault-Tolerant Distributed Operating Systems and Distributed Programming Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada191814.

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Gurieiev, Viktor, Yulii Kutsan, Anna Iatsyshyn, Andrii Iatsyshyn, Valeriia Kovach, Evgen Lysenko, Volodymyr Artemchuk, and Oleksandr Popov. Simulating Systems for Advanced Training and Professional Development of Energy Specialists in Power Sector. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4456.

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The crisis of the system of professional development and personnel training in the energy sector exists not only in Ukraine but also all over the world. The article describes the concept of development and functioning of the industry system of personnel training in the energy sector of Ukraine. The importance of using modern web-oriented technologies to improve the skills of operational and dispatching personnel in the energy sector of Ukraine is substantiated. The meth- ods of distributed power system operating modes modelling are presented. De- velopment and software tools for the construction of distributed simulating sys- tems and particular features of cloud technologies application for the creation of a virtual training centers network in the energy sector, as well as the ways to automate the process of simulating scenarios development are described. The ex- perience of introducing remote training courses for energy specialists and remote web-based training simulators based on a comprehensive model of the energy system of Ukraine is presented. An important practical aspect of the research is the application of software and data support for the development of personnel key competencies in the energy sector for rapid recognition of accidents and, if necessary, accident management. This will allow them to acquire knowledge and practical skills to solve the problems of analysis, modelling, forecasting, and monitoring data visualization of large power systems operating modes.

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Perera, Duminda, Ousmane Seidou, Jetal Agnihotri, Mohamed Rasmy, Vladimir Smakhtin, Paulin Coulibaly, and Hamid Mehmood. Flood Early Warning Systems: A Review Of Benefits, Challenges And Prospects. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/mjfq3791.

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Floods are major water-related disasters that affect millions of people resulting in thousands of mortalities and billiondollar losses globally every year. Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS) - one of the floods risk management measures - are currently operational in many countries. The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction recognises their importance and strongly advocates for an increase in their availability under the targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, despite widespread recognition of the importance of FEWS for disaster risk reduction (DRR), there’s a lack of information on their availability and status around the world, their benefits and costs, challenges and trends associated with their development. This report contributes to bridging these gaps by analyzing the responses to a comprehensive online survey with over 80 questions on various components of FEWS (risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and communication, and response capabilities), investments into FEWS, their operational effectiveness, benefits, and challenges. FEWS were classified as technologically “basic”, “intermediate” and “advanced” depending on the existence and sophistication of FEWS` components such as hydrological data = collection systems, data transfer systems, flood forecasting methods, and early warning communication methods. The survey questionnaire was distributed to flood forecasting and warning centers around the globe; the primary focus was developing and least-developed countries (LDCs). The questionnaire is available here: https://inweh.unu.edu/questionnaireevaluation-of-flood-early-warning-systems/ and can be useful in its own right for similar studies at national or regional scales, in its current form or with case-specific modifications. Survey responses were received from 47 developing (including LDCs) and six developed countries. Additional information for some countries was extracted from available literature. Analysis of these data suggests the existence of an equal number of “intermediate” and “advanced” FEWS in surveyed river basins. While developing countries overall appear to progress well in FEWS implementation, LDCs are still lagging behind since most of them have “basic” FEWS. The difference between types of operational systems in developing and developed countries appear to be insignificant; presence of basic, intermediate or advanced FEWS depends on available investments for system developments and continuous financing for their operations, and there is evidence of more financial support — on the order of USD 100 million — to FEWS in developing countries thanks to international aid. However, training the staff and maintaining the FEWS for long-term operations are challenging. About 75% of responses indicate that river basins have inadequate hydrological network coverage and back-up equipment. Almost half of the responders indicated that their models are not advanced and accurate enough to produce reliable forecasts. Lack of technical expertise and limited skilled manpower to perform forecasts was cited by 50% of respondents. The primary reason for establishing FEWS, based on the survey, is to avoid property damage; minimizing causalities and agricultural losses appear to be secondary reasons. The range of the community benefited by FEWS varies, but 55% of FEWS operate in the range between 100,000 to 1 million of population. The number of flood disasters and their causalities has declined since the year 2000, while 50% of currently operating FEWS were established over the same period. This decline may be attributed to the combined DRR efforts, of which FEWS are an integral part. In lower-middle-income and low-income countries, economic losses due to flood disasters may be smaller in absolute terms, but they represent a higher percentage of such countries’ GDP. In high-income countries, higher flood-related losses accounted for a small percentage of their GDP. To improve global knowledge on FEWS status and implementation in the context of Sendai Framework and SDGs, the report’s recommendations include: i) coordinate global investments in FEWS development and standardise investment reporting; ii) establish an international hub to monitor the status of FEWS in collaboration with the national responsible agencies. This will support the sharing of FEWS-related information for accelerated global progress in DRR; iii) develop a comprehensive, index-based ranking system for FEWS according to their effectiveness in flood disaster mitigation. This will provide clear standards and a roadmap for improving FEWS’ effectiveness, and iv) improve coordination between institutions responsible for flood forecasting and those responsible for communicating warnings and community preparedness and awareness.

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