Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'DISTRIBUTED GENERATION PLANNING'
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Huang, Yalin. "Electricity Distribution Network Planning Considering Distributed Generation." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141482.
Full textQC 20140217
Elforsk Risknanlys II
Liang, Wen-Ting. "Optimal Planning of the Distribution Network with Distributed Generation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15526.
Full textSu, Wencong. "Microgrid Modeling, Planning and Operation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35843.
Full textThe major goal of this thesis is to build a library of various Microgrid components. First of all, the thesis is going to present a detailed description of Microgrid models with moderate complexity. Next, it will present the modeling of loads, utility grid and transmission lines. Then, the paper will discuss the distributed generation models that have been developed in Matlab/Simulink including Diesel Engine, Fuel Cell, Micro Gas Turbine, Wind Turbine, Photovoltaic Cell, along with the detailed modeling of short-term storage (Battery, Pumped Hydro Storage, Flywheel, and Supercapacitor). In addition to steady-state study, the thesis will also discuss the hybrid sample systems that are built to investigate their transient responses.
To enhance the simulation performance, some improvements on modeling and simulation will be introduced as well. To accommodate the high demand of renewable energy and the environment policy, the planning and operation the of Micro-source generators has been studied using HOMER. Simulation results show a case study of an optimal microgrid configuration on Ontario area in Canada. Sensitivity variables are specified to examine the effect of uncertainties, especially in a long-term planning. Also, demand side management plays an important role in the operation of Microgrid. Based on raw data, case studies are carried out to investigate and validate the demand response methods. Finally, the philosophy for Microgrid protection, especially Time-delay overcurrent protection, will be briefly introduced in both gird-connected and islanding modes.
Master of Science
Zamani, Iman. "Optimal distributed generation planning based on NSGA-II and MATPOWER." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11483.
Full textAlnaser, Sahban Wa'el Saeed. "Control of distributed generation and storage : operation and planning perspectives." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/control-of-distributed-generation-and-storage-operation-and-planning-perspectives(a937e071-4e6b-4a07-a196-031c3b23655f).html.
Full textJones, Gavin Wesley. "Distribution system operation and planning in the presence of distributed generation technology." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.umr.edu/thesis/pdf/Jones_09007dcc803b193d.pdf.
Full textVita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed November 16, 2007) Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74).
Ault, Graham W. "A planning and analysis framework for evaluating distributed generation and utility strategies." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21142.
Full textHagström, Emil. "Grid planning with a large amount of small scale solar power." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-199060.
Full textWang, David Tse-Chi. "Incorporating distributed generation into distribution network planning : the challenges and opportunities for distribution network operators." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4621.
Full textMadrazo, Vega Fernando. "Breaking barriers : an examination and recommendations regarding the role of clean distributed electricity generation in Mexico." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113806.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 146-149).
Through the 2013 Energy Reform, the Law of Energy Transition, and the General Law of Climate Change, the policy makers in Mexico have aimed to lower electricity tariffs, generate 35% of electricity from clean energy sources by 2024, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% in 2020 and 50% in 2050 compared to greenhouse gas emissions in 2000. Furthermore, the 2013 Energy Reform aims to promote economic development and reduce electricity subsidies. In an effort to achieve these goals, policy makers have tried to diversify the country's electricity generation profile, including the promotion of clean distributed generation (DG) technologies. A broad cross section of governmental and non-governmental stakeholders has publicly supported these objectives; however, low domestic electricity prices, high system acquisition costs, and a lack of financing have and will continue to limit the deployment of clean DG systems in Mexico. Furthermore, deep penetration of clean distributed generation under current net metering policies and electricity tariff structures may actually undercut the effective operation of Mexico's electricity market by increasing operation costs and adding technical complexities to the electricity network. In this thesis, I make three short-term and one long-term recommendations to the Ministry of Energy and the Energy Regulatory Commission to promote the deployment of clean DG technologies beyond current barriers to entry and without adding economic and technical strain to the electricity industry. I recommend that these organizations (1) add clean DG to grid planning and develop a distributed energy resources strategy, (2) execute community-scale clean DG capacity auctions, (3) increase investment and financing opportunities for the public, and (4) modify electricity tariff structures and net metering policies. I hope these recommendations to the Ministry of Energy and the Energy Regulatory Commission will help the State achieve its energy policy and greenhouse gas emission reduction goals.
by Fernando Madrazo Vega.
M.C.P.
Weerasinghe, Handuwala Dewage Dulan Jayanatha. "Planning optimal load distribution and maximum renewable energy from wind power on a radial distribution system." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/28714.
Full textElectrical and Computer Engineering
Ruth D. Miller
Optimizing renewable distributed generation in distribution systems has gained popularity with changes in federal energy policies. Various studies have been reported in this regard and most of the studies are based on optimum wind and/or solar generation planning in distribution system using various optimization techniques such as analytical, numerical, and heuristic. However, characteristics such as high energy density, relatively lower footprint of land, availability, and local reactive power compensation ability, have gained increased popularity for optimizing distributed wind generation (DWG) in distribution systems. This research investigated optimum distributed generation planning (ODGP) using two primary optimization techniques: analytical and heuristic. In first part of the research, an analytical optimization method called “Combined Electrical Topology (CET)” was proposed in order to minimize the impact of intentional structural changes in distribution system topology, in distributed generation/ DWG placement. Even though it is still rare, DWG could be maximized to supply base power demand of three-phase unbalanced radial distribution system, combined with distributed battery energy storage systems (BESS). In second part of this research the usage of DWG/BESS as base power generation, and to extend the ability to sustain the system in a power grid failure for a maximum of 1.5 hours was studied. IEEE 37-node, three-phase unbalanced radial distribution system was used as the test system to optimize wind turbines and sodium sulfide (NaS) battery units with respect to network real power losses, system voltage profile, DWG/BESS availability and present value of cost savings. In addition, DWG’s ability to supply local reactive power in distribution system was also investigated. Model results suggested that DWG/NaS could supply base power demand of a threephase unbalanced radial distribution system. In addition, DWG/NaS were able to sustain power demand of a three-phase unbalanced distribution system for 1.5 hours in the event of a power grid failure.
Conner, Steven. "Automated distribution network planning with active network management." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28818.
Full textTong, Shiqiong Miu Karen Nan. "Slack bus modeling for distributed generation and its impacts on distribution system analysis, operation and planning /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1229.
Full textCheng, Yongqiang. "Wireless mosaic eyes based robot path planning and control : autonomous robot navigation using environment intelligence with distributed vision sensors." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4421.
Full textNg, Kwok-kei Simon, and 吳國基. "Optimal planning and management of stochastic demand and renewable energy in smart power grid." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434299.
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Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Farqui, Thiago Corrêa. "Modelo para avaliação de oportunidades de oferta de geração distribuída." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-20072011-091744/.
Full textThe generation of electrical energy through large power plants (hydro, thermal or nuclear) demands, each time larger investments and high time to be ready for operation. In the other hand, the demand for electrical energy, that is so necessary for the development and maintenance of the society, is growing each day faster. Looking at the attendance of this demand, there is a global tendency to install a larger quantity of small generators, connected directly to the secondary or primary distribution grid of the electrical utility company. These units are known as distributed generation (GD) and dispersed generation (Gdd). Out of the many advantages through the use of distributed generation, the reliability growth in the electrical system, possibility of postpone necessary investments in the distribution network presents high importance and diversify the energetic matrix with the possibility of use renewable resources. From this concept, it was developed a routine, based on the theory of aggregated planning to identify and quantify potential units of distributed generation in the utility company area, evaluating the costs and benefits of each connection for the utility company. Through the results it will be possible the classification of the most interesting units, allowing the decision in conjoint between the consumer and the utility company. As a complement, it was developed mechanisms to make possible to consider disperse generation on the planning of distribution systems expansion. It was also made an evaluation of the factors that restrict the expansion of the disperse generation in Brazil. This thesis focus the analysis considering the utility company impacts, what is not used in Brazil but has a large potential of application.
Rangel, Camilo Alberto Sepúlveda. "Modelo aproximado de sistemas de distribuição considerando geração distribuida e o efeito da tensão na carga." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127892.
Full textThis work presents an approximate model developed to the analysis of electrical distribution systems at steady state. Both mathematical and theoretical details are given considering the representation of the shunt elements (loads and generators) and the operating limits of the network, using linear approximations. The linear modeling adopted resulted in a simple way to determine the values of the voltages and currents of the system; further the model can be applied to optimization problems related to optimal operation and expansion planning of distribution systems. The load representation considers the influence of voltage variations, which play an important role in the distribution networks. This work also considers the inclusion of distributed generation (DG), which is assessed under several modes of operation, including one mode which allows to minimize the losses at the node where the DG is located. To validate the proposed approach, the results for two example networks, given in terms of voltages, currents and losses, were compared with corresponding results obtained with conventional load flow model, solved by the backward-forward sweep method. The examples networks used to test and validate the model are known distribution systems, one having 70 and the other 135 nodes. Regarding the system with 70 nodes, the inclusion of DG was studied for several operational modes. Finally, the system of 135 nodes were used to compare the results of the proposed model with the results of the conventional load flow; in this case, the GD was characterized as a controlled-voltage bar (PV) for various levels of active power injection into the bar where the GD is located. The conclusions show the validity and advantages of the proposed model.
Ziari, Iman. "Planning of distribution networks for medium voltage and low voltage." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/46684/1/Iman_Ziari_Thesis.pdf.
Full textVieira, Julio Cesar da Silva Freitas. "Planejamento de cenários adotando a metodologia Shell no setor de energia elétrica: visualizações da geração distribuída no Brasil." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4762.
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O futuro, com seus riscos e incertezas, pode ser apontado como um dos assuntos que mais gera receios nas organizações. Para lidar com essas situações, algumas empresas utilizam técnicas e metodologias já comprovadas pela academia, para se tornarem competitivas. Quando organizações apresentam situações de alto grau de incerteza, quantidade insuficiente de oportunidades, setor em mudança e problemas de comunição interna, a metodologia de planejamento de cenários prospectivos é a mais indicada. No referencial teórico, foram mapeadas as principais abordagens de cenários prospectivos, dando ênfase para a metodologia selecionada para a aplicação, a metodologia Shell, que possui histórico de utilização, literatura disponível pela própria Shell e poucos estudos de aplicação no Brasil. Para aplicação piloto desta metodologia, foi selecionada a empresa CEEE, que atende os mercados de geração, transmissão e distribuição de energia elétrica, fazendo parte de um setor que se encontra em mudanças no país. A área de estudos escolhidas para os cenários foi a Geração Distribuída (GD). A aplicação foi concluída com a visualização de dois cenários da Geração Distribuída em 2035, os cenários Personalidade e Alienação. Estas estórias foram inicialmente delimitadas para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Porém no decorrer de suas construções, tiveram sua delimitação ampliada para o setor de energia elétrica brasileiro. As estórias dos cenários construídos neste estudo tiveram como principais forças motrizes as questões institucionais, ambientais e políticas, que resultaram em um cenário otimista e um pessimista. Um dos fatores críticos para o sucesso da GD no Brasil, apontado pelos cenários, é à evolução intelectual da população brasileira, uma força capaz de exigir seus direitos, melhores práticas e se opor as forças dominantes e hegemônicas no poder. Os resultados desta aplicação mostraram que a metodologia de planejamento de cenários apresentou sinais de contribuição para aprendizagem, criatividade, comunicação interna e auxílio no processo de tomada de decisões da organização, sendo indicada a utilização desta ferramenta. As análises finais desta pesquisa permitiram também a elaboração de uma lista com os Fatores Críticos para o Sucesso (FCS) da aplicação da metodologia de planejamento de cenários Shell.
The future with its risks and uncertainties could be rendered as one of the issues that generate more apprehension in organizations. In order to deal with this reality, some companies utilize academy proved techniques and methodologies in order to be competitive. When organizations face situations of high level of uncertainty, insufficient quantity of opportunities, constant changing business environment and problems with internal communication, the planning methodology for prospective scenarios is the most indicated. During the gathering of the theoretical reference, the main prospective scenarios approach came to light. The emphasis was given to the methodology selected for the application, the Shell methodology, which has a historical of utilizing such literature, which is made available by the company itself, as well as a few studies that are being applied in Brazil. As a pilot methodology exercise, the company CEEE has been selected. CEEE deals with the generation, distribution and transmission of electrical energy and is inserted in a sector facing a changing environment scenario. The study area that was chosen for the scenarios was Distributed Generation (DG). The application has completed with the visualization of two scenarios of Distributed Generation in Brazil at the 2035, Personalidade and Alienação scenarios. This stories were initially delimited to the Rio Grande do Sul state. However at the course of its buildings had extended its delimitation to the Brazilian electricity sector. The stories of the scenarios constructed in this study had as main driving forces, institutional, environmental and political issues, which resulted in an optimistic scenario and a pessimist. One of the critical factors for the success of DG in Brazil, as present at the scenarios, was the intellectual evolution of the Brazilian population, a force able to claim their rights, best practices and oppose the dominant and hegemonic forces of power. The results of the research have shown that the planning methodology for prospective scenarios showed signs to contribute to the learning, creativity stimulus and internal communication in the target company, as well as help the process of decision making in the organization, which indicates the utilization of this tool. The final analyzes of this study also contributed to the creation of a list with Critical Success Factors (CSF) influencing in the application of the Shell planning methodology for prospective scenarios.
Araujo, Ricardo Augusto de 1982. "Algoritmos para o planejamento da operação de sistemas modernos de distribuição de energia elétrica = Algorithms for operation planning of modern electric distribution power systems." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259529.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: O problema do planejamento da operação de redes de distribuição de energia elétrica consiste em determinar os ajustes para os taps dos transformadores e reguladores de tensão, para os bancos de capacitores e para as injeções de potências ativas e reativas dos geradores distribuídos e da subestação, obedecendo aos limites físicos e operacionais da rede, a fim de melhorar o seu desempenho. Este pode ser formulado como um problema de Fluxo de Potência Ótimo (FPO) bastante complexo, pois envolve fatores técnicos, como a regulação de tensão em regime permanente, e econômicos, como a redução de perdas e a valoração da energia fornecida por produtores independentes. Este trabalho propõe dois algoritmos para resolver o problema de planejamento da operação. No primeiro, é usado um algoritmo genético similar ao desenvolvido por Chu e Beasley, somado a um esquema especial de criação da população inicial. Este algoritmo pode prover soluções de boa qualidade e até mesmo a solução ótima global do problema. O segundo algoritmo é baseado na análise de sensibilidades e é capaz de encontrar soluções de boa qualidade a um custo computacional bastante inferior ao custo do algoritmo genético proposto. Além de poder ser aplicado no planejamento de curto-prazo da operação de modernas redes de distribuição de energia elétrica, os métodos propostos podem, por exemplo, auxiliar as concessionárias de energia elétrica na definição de condições para o estabelecimento de contratos com produtores independentes de energia. Os resultados apresentados, baseados nos sistemas de distribuição radiais de 34, 70 e 135 barras, mostram que os algoritmos propostos são promissores
Abstract: The distribution system operation planning stage is concerned with the determination of capacitor bank, transformer and voltage regulator settings. This must be accomplished considering active and reactive power injections of distributed generators and at the main substation, as well as physical and regulatory issues in order to improve the network performance. This is a quite complex Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem because it involves technical factors such as steady state voltage regulation, economic factors such as losses reduction and energy bids from independent power producers. This work proposes two approaches to solve this operation planning problem. The first one uses a genetic algorithm similar to that developed by Chu and Beasley, however with a different strategy to create the initial population. This algorithm can provide good quality solutions and in some cases even optimal solutions. The second one is based on the use of sensitivities, where good quality solutions are obtained at low computing times, much lower than those obtained using the proposed genetic algorithm. Besides being applicable in short-term operation planning of distribution networks, the proposed methods could also assist the utility operator in setting up conditions for establishing contracts with independent power producers. The results presented here using radial distribution systems of 34, 70 and 135 buses demonstrated the potential of the proposed algorithms
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Lima, Tayenne Dias de. "Programação estocástica aplicada ao planejamento de sistemas de distribuição considerando geração distribuída e emissões de CO2 /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/190794.
Full textResumo: A presença de Geração Distribuída (GD) no Sistema de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica (SDEE) tem se incrementado nos últimos anos devido a mudanças na regulação e a incentivos governamentais, proporcionando benefícios técnicos e econômicos. Em particular, é esperado que a GD renovável (eólica ou solar) seja integrada adequadamente no SDEE, visando contribuir na redução de emissões de gases de efeito estufa. Entretanto, a presença da GD renovável, junto com suas inerentes incertezas, aumenta a complexidade no planejamento do SDEE. Diante do exposto, neste trabalho propõe-se um modelo de programação estocástica de dois estágios para o problema de planejamento da expansão do SDEE multi-período. As incertezas da geração renovável (associadas à irradiação solar e velocidade do vento) e demanda são representadas por meio de cenários. A função objetivo minimiza o valor presente líquido dos investimentos (subestações, circuitos, e alocação de GD), custo da energia, manutenção e operação, assim como o custo das emissões de CO2. A operação das unidades de GD é representada limitando a potência ativa/reativa que pode ser injetada segundo as curvas de capabilidade e restrições de fator de potência. O modelo proposto foi implementado na linguagem de modelamento AMPL e resolvido com o solver CPLEX. Testes utilizando um SDEE de 24 e 54 nós comprovam a eficiência do modelo.
Abstract: The presence of Distributed Generation (DG) in Electrical Distribution Systems (EDSs) has been increased in recent years due to changes in regulation and government incentives, leading to technical and economic benefits. In particular, renewable DG (wind or solar power) is expected to be properly integrated into the EDS, aiming to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the presence of renewable DG, along with its inherent uncertainties, increases the complexity in the planning of the EDS. In this context, this work proposes a two-stage stochastic programming model for the problem of EDSs expansion planning. The uncertainties of renewable generation (associated with solar irradiation and wind speed) and demand, are represented through scenarios. The objective function minimizes the net present value of investments (substations, circuits, and DG allocation), energy cost, maintenance and operation, as well as the cost of CO2 emissions. The operation of the DG units is represented by limiting the active/reactive power that can be injected according to capability curves and power factor constraints. The proposed model was implemented in the modeling language AMPL and solved with the solver CPLEX. Tests using a 24 and 54-nodes EDS prove the efficiency of the proposed model.
Mestre
Benitez, Elias Emanuel. "Algoritmo heurístico construtivo aplicado ao planejamento de redes aéreas de média tensão com a alocação de geração distribuída." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3403.
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The solution to distribution networks expansion planning problem seeks to establish updates in the system so that it is able to supply the future demand obeying important criteria that represent the quality in the supply. Considering that in recent years the number of distributed generation connected to the system is increasing, contributing to the solution of some problems in the operation such as the high losses, the poor quality in the energy supplied, the low reliability that can be a reality, among others, this article presents a new algorithm to be applied to expansion planning of medium voltage overhead lines and which also has the ability to establish a plan for the connection of distributed generation in the network. Thus, the algorithm operates in two steps. In the first step of operation, a new topology is established for the network, which meets the future demand and respects the technical criteria that are necessary for electricity to be delivered to consumers with quality. In this process, the problem is represented by a nonlinear mathematical model whose objective function seeks to minimize the cost of network expansion and the constraints represent the physical laws that govern the power flow and ensure that future demand will be met with quality. In this operation step, the solution to the problem is constructed in an iterative way, where in each iteration a specialized sensitivity indicator uses the information obtained through the solution of the mathematical model to aid in decision making. This step of the algorithm ends when a radial topology for the system is determined. In the second step, the algorithm performs an evaluation in the established topology to indicate the capacity and the most interesting buses for connection of the Distributed Generation, seeking the best benefit for the operation of the network. In this process, the algorithm also takes advantage of the information obtained through the nonlinear mathematical model for the evaluation. Computacional tests with the new algorithm were performed considering data from systems available in the specialized literature to evaluate their performance. The results obtained through the simulations showed that the algorithm finds excellent solutions and a good convergence time.
A solução para o problema de Planejamento da Expansão de Redes de Distribuição busca por fazer atualizações no sistema para que este seja capaz de suprir a demanda futura obedecendo a critérios importantes que representam a qualidade do suprimento. Considerando que nos últimos anos o número de geração distribuída conectada ao sistema está aumentando, contribuindo para a solução de problemas que envolvem a operação do sistema, tais como, as perdas elétricas, a má qualidade da energia fornecida, a baixa confiabilidade, entre outros, este trabalho apresenta um novo algoritmo para ser aplicado ao problema de planejamento da expansão de linhas aéreas de média tensão e que também tem a capacidade de estabelecer um plano para a conexão de geração distribuída na rede. O algoritmo funciona em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa de execução, uma nova topologia radial é estabelecida para a rede, que atende a demanda futura e respeita os critérios técnicos necessários para que a eletricidade seja entregue aos consumidores com qualidade. Neste processo, o problema é representado por um modelo matemático não linear cuja função objetivo procura minimizar o custo de expansão da rede e as restrições representam as leis físicas que regem o fluxo de potência elétrica e garantem que a demanda futura seja atendida com qualidade, obedecendo aos limites de tensões estabelecidos para as barras e às capacidades de carregamento das linhas. Nesta etapa de execução, a solução do problema é construída de forma iterativa, onde em cada iteração um indicador de sensibilidade especializado usa a informação obtida através da solução do modelo matemático para auxiliar na tomada de decisão. Esta etapa do algoritmo termina quando uma topologia radial para o sistema é determinada. Na segunda etapa de execução, o algoritmo realiza uma avaliação na topologia estabelecida para indicar a capacidade da geração distribuída e a barra do sistema para sua conexão, buscando o melhor benefício para a operação da rede. Neste processo, o algoritmo também aproveita as informações obtidas através do modelo matemático não linear para esta avaliação. Testes computacionais com o novo algoritmo foram realizados considerando sistemas testes disponíveis na literatura especializada para avaliar o seu desempenho. Os resultados obtidos através das simulações mostraram que o algoritmo encontra excelentes soluções em tempos de convergência satisfatórios.
Azzolin, Herton Naressi. "Mapeamento e priorização de fontes de geração distribuída como suporte ao novo planejamento da distribuição." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8562.
Full textApesar do movimento crescente da participação de renováveis na matriz energética global, o peso de fontes como gás natural, carvão e derivados do petróleo é consideravelmente significativo. Neste aspecto, a necessidade de diversificação da matriz elétrica é notória e urgente, principalmente pela demanda crescente por energia, e requer um planejamento adequado do processo de transição da matriz, de modo a atender o crescimento de demanda em bases sustentáveis e de forma equilibrada. Sendo a Geração Distribuída (GD) uma alternativa viável e concreta para contribuir favoravelmente com esse cenário, e ainda, considerando a quantidade de variáveis intrínsecas à GD que podem impactar positiva ou negativamente no sistema elétrico, o desenvolvimento de métodos e ferramentas para suporte às técnicas usuais de planejamento precisam ser revistos. Neste sentido, propõe-se nesse estudo uma metodologia para mapeamento e priorização de fontes de GD a partir de recursos renováveis para suporte à nova ótica de planejar a distribuição. O foco é dado para as fontes eólica, fotovoltaica, hídrica e biomassa, abordadas na literatura atual como as mais promissoras para diversificação da matriz energética. A metodologia contempla a realização de um mapeamento dos recursos energéticos disponíveis em uma área delimitada para estudo, indicando os pontos mais favoráveis de aproveitamento. Utilizam-se como referências de informações para o mapeamento, documentos já consolidados relativos ao potencial energético, tais como, atlas e balanços energéticos. Uma vez mapeado os recursos disponíveis, estima-se a capacidade energética que os mesmos representam, através de métodos e equacionamentos que consideram as variáveis principais de estimação do potencial de cada fonte. A metodologia contempla ainda a etapa de priorização das fontes mapeadas, a partir de múltiplos critérios de ordem quantitativa e qualitativa, de modo a indicar a melhor forma de participação das fontes em duas perspectivas distintas de análise. A primeira sob o ponto de vista da distribuidora, com o foco no aproveitamento do potencial para suporte à expansão e operação do sistema, e a segunda sob a ótica dos investidores, voltada para o aproveitamento do potencial para expansão do seu mix de geração. Para a abordagem multicritério de priorização das fontes utiliza-se o método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A modelagem é aplicada a partir de um estudo de caso desenvolvido na área de atuação de uma distribuidora de energia do estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
Hoffman, Dana M. C. "FINANCING PUBLIC SOLAR PROJECTS: CALIFORNIA PUBLIC JURISDICTIONS’ EXPERIENCES IN ACQUIRING AND FINANCING SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATIONS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1045.
Full textSantos, Nicholas Eduardo Lopes dos. "Planejamento da expansão de sistema de distribuição considerando redução de cenários de demanda e geração distribuída." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2018. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3909.
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Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Estado do Paraná (FA)
Traditionally, the maximum demand forecast in the planning horizon is used to determine the additions and reinforcements required for the expansion of a distribution system. The alternatives obtained with this model are considered overestimated because it considers a constant demand behavior along the planning horizon. Therefore, the search for a better representation of the demand in the planning models has been carried out, among them, the scenarios reduction based on clustering. This paper presents an analysis about the possibility of obtaining alternatives of expansion of lower cost in the planning of a distribution system representing the demand to be met and the distributed generation that can not be dispatched by more than one level. It is based on a planning model that considers a better representation of the load and generation that is solved through classical optimization techniques. The scenario reduction, used in the model, is based on levels groups that are defined and obtained whith k-means algorithm application. In addition to presenting expansion alternatives for different levels groups, it also shows that the processing times resulting from the combinatorial problem are acceptable.
Tradicionalmente, utiliza-se a demanda máxima prevista no horizonte de planejamento para determinar as adições e reforços necessários para a expansão de um sistema de distribuição. As alternativas obtidas com esse modelo são consideradas superestimadas, pois considera um comportamento de demanda constante ao longo do horizonte de planejamento. Diante disso, a busca por uma melhor representação da demanda nos modelos de planejamento tem sido realizada, dentre elas, a redução de cenários baseada em clusterização. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise sobre a possibilidade de obtenção de alternativas de expansão de menor custo no planejamento de um sistema de distribuição representando a demanda a ser atendida e a geração distribuída não despachável por mais de um patamar. Ela baseia-se em um modelo de planejamento que considera uma melhor representação da carga e da geração que seja resolvido através de técnicas de otimização clássica. A redução de cenários, utilizada no modelo, é baseada em grupos de patamares aos quais são definidos e obtidos com a aplicação do algoritmo k-médias. Além de apresentar alternativas de expansão para diferentes grupos de patamares, também mostra que os tempos de processamento, resultantes do problema combinatorial, são aceitáveis.
Barin, Alexandre. "Metodologia para a análise dos efeitos da geração distribuída sobre as características operacionais dos sistemas de distribuição utilizando técnicas multicriteriais." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8444.
Full textNowadays, the Brazilian electric systems need the development of new researches and tools, in order to obtain a logic solution to maintain and improve the reliability and the quality of the power delivered to customers. Therefore, the study of the appropriate connection of distributed generation sources is an essential topic to be analyzed, since this process may provide positive impacts along the feeders. An appropriate DG site is an important aspect mentioned in the PRODIST (Proceedings of Electric Energy Distribution on Electrical National System), inside section 3. For now, the PRODIST is just an orientating tool established by the ANEEL - National Regulatory Agency of Electric Energy. It is important to observe that after the approval of PRODIST, this tool will be the standard for several processes considering planning and operation of distribution systems in Brazil. During the development of this work the main types of distributed energy sources were presented in order to observe their characteristics and their applications on distributions networks. Besides, the main effects of the DG operation inside three distribution system models were analyzed through the software DigSilent®, considering power losses and voltage levels. Moreover, this study intends to perform a multi-objective analysis defining some quantitative and qualitative parameters evaluated by specific softwares, according to the types of parameters. It is important to emphasize that the appropriate choice of these parameters is essential to support the final results, since a wrong choice or a lacking of an import parameter may provide undesirable outputs. These parameters were applied on the Bellman-Zadeh algorithm and the membership fuzzy functions, in order to find the appropriate DG site inside a distribution system model. These two methods are described separately. However, the methods are applied on a practical example together. Therefore it is possible to analyze the main characteristics of each method, emphasizing its applications on the multi-objective analysis. The developed methodology intends to provide positive effects in distribution networks and also work towards the planning of distribution systems. It is important to observe that the methodology presented in this study may be applied to distribution system feeders to find in which feeder will be the most appropriate DG location, and to any node inside a determined feeder providing a specific place for the appropriate DG site.
Avaliando o momento atual do setor elétrico brasileiro, percebe-se a crescente necessidade de se encontrar novos caminhos para o avanço dos setores de distribuição de energia elétrica. Desta forma a inserção de fontes de geração distribuída (GD) apresenta-se como uma alternativa estratégica para o desenvolvimento do sistema energético brasileiro. A adequada localização das fontes de GD é um importante aspecto citado nos Procedimentos de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica no Sistema Elétrico Nacional (PRODIST) Módulo 3, sendo este um instrumento orientativo criado pela Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL). Durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foram pesquisados os principais tipos de fontes de geração distribuída com o objetivo de avaliar as características e aplicações das mesmas. Além disso, foram observadas as principais conseqüências da conexão de fontes de GD em três protótipos de sistemas de distribuição, considerando perdas de potência e níveis de tensão, simulados através do software DigSilent®. Com base em uma análise multicriterial foram definidos parâmetros quantitativos e qualitativos, avaliados previamente através de softwares específicos para cada tipo de parâmetro. Deve-se observar a importância da correta escolha destes parâmetros, pois a ausência de um único parâmetro, que possua uma elevada importância para o sistema em questão, pode comprometer a validade dos resultados obtidos. Estes parâmetros foram aplicados em uma metodologia utilizando o algoritmo de Bellman-Zadeh e os conjuntos fuzzy, com o objetivo de encontrar a localização mais adequada de uma fonte de geração distribuída em um sistema de distribuição. Estes dois métodos serão descritos separadamente e avaliados de forma conjunta, visando estabelecer suas principais características a suas diferentes aplicações em análises multicriteriais. A metodologia desenvolvida neste estudo visa o correto desenvolvimento dos sistemas de distribuição de média tensão, contribuindo para futuros planejamentos deste sistema. Outro importante fato a ser observado é que a metodologia proposta neste estudo pode ser aplicada tanto na análise de um sistema de distribuição com intuito de determinar qual é o alimentador mais adequado a se instalar a fonte de GD, quanto na análise de determinados alimentadores buscando especificamente qual é o local dentro de cada alimentador onde deve ser instalada a fonte de GD.
Home, Ortiz Juan Manuel. "Análise comparativa de um modelo de programação convexa e meta-heurística para o planejamento de redes de distribuição de energia elétrica com fontes de geração distribuída renováveis e não renováveis /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180928.
Full textResumo: Neste trabalho propõem-se formulações matemáticas e metodologias para resolver o problema de planejamento da expansão e operação de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica de longo prazo com instalação de geração distribuída despachável, renovável e dispositivos armazenadores de energia, considerando as incertezas nos parâmetros e variáveis envolvidas no comportamento do sistema. No modelo de otimização desenvolvido considera- se uma formulação com espaço de busca convexo como um problema de programação cônica inteira de segunda ordem. Como primeira metodologia de solução para o modelo matemático proposto, usam-se solvers de otimização comerciais através de linguagem de programação matemática. Em segundo lugar é proposta a técnica de otimização meta-heurística VND combinada com um solver de otimização para resolver o modelo de otimização desenvolvido. Os algoritmos e modelos matemáticos de otimização usados para resolver o planejamento de sistemas de distribuição são implementados em AMPL e testados em sistemas presentes na literatura. Finalmente são comparadas as metodologias segundo a solução obtida e desempenho em tempo computacional.
Abstract: This work proposes mathematical formulations and methodologies to solve the long-term electric power distribution system operation and expansion planning with distributed renewable energy sources and energy storage devices, considering the uncertainties in the involved parameters and variables in the system behavior. In the developed optimization model, a convex formulation is considered as integer second-order conic programming problem. The first solution methodology for the proposed mathematical model, the commercial optimization solvers that uses mathematical modelling language is used. In the second way, the VND meta-heuristic optimization technique is proposed combined with the optimization solver to analyze the obtained solutions of the search through optimal neighborhoods. The mathematical optimization model and the proposed algorithm used to solver the planning of distribution systems are implemented in AMPL and tested in literature’s systems. Finally, the methodologies according to the obtained solution and computational time performance are compared.
Doutor
Chuma, Cerbantes Marcel [UNESP]. "Planejamento da operação de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica com geradores distribuídos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150298.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Neste trabalho propõe-se o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional para o planejamento da operação de curto prazo de sistemas de distribuição com geração distribuída (GD) considerando uma abordagem probabilística. Uma modelagem sequencial formulada com base na perspectiva das companhias de distribuição (DisCos) é proposta. As decisões operacionais da DisCo são inicialmente otimizadas no estágio de operação day-ahead (DA) e, então, na operação real-time (RT). A operação DA visa maximizar a diferença entre a energia vendida aos consumidores e as compras realizadas no mercado de eletricidade atacadista e da GD, ou seja, os lucros. No estágio RT, busca-se a minimização dos ajustes necessários para acomodar os desvios das quantidades previstas no planejamento DA. Modelos de cargas dependentes de tensão e restrições relacionadas à demanda são explicitamente formulados. A rede é representada através de equações de fluxo de potência AC completo. Propõe-se ainda a incorporação de um mecanismo para precificação nodal de potência reativa. Os modelos resultantes são caracterizados como programas de otimização matemática multiperíodo de grande porte não lineares e não convexos com variáveis contínuas e discretas. Um algoritmo pseudodinâmico baseado na meta-heurística Busca Tabu (BT) é proposto para solução do problema resultante de maneira eficaz, sem linearizações. Os resultados obtidos para alimentadores de distribuição de 69 e 135 barras ilustram a eficiência da metodologia proposta.
In this work, we propose a solution solution procedure for the short-term operation planning of distribution systems with distributed generation (DG) considering a probabilistic approach. A sequential formulation based on the distribution company's (DisCo's) perspective is presented. The DisCo’s operational decisions are optimized first in a day-ahead (DA) operation stage, and then in real-time (RT). The DA operation maximizes the difference between the energy sold to customers and the purchases from the wholesale electricity market and distributed generators. In RT, the objective is to minimize the adjustments that are required to accommodate deviations from forecasted quantities. The voltage-sensitiveness of power load injections and demand related constraints are explicitly formulated. The network is modeled using full ac power flow equations. In addition, a nodal-based reactive power pricing mechanism is proposed to be incorporated in the formulation. The resulting models are characterized as large-scale non-linear non-convex mathematical programs with continuous and discrete variables. A pseudo-dynamic Tabu Search (TS)-based solution algorithm is used to tackle the problem in an effective manner, without linearizations. Numerical results from the 69-bus and 135-bus distribution test feeders illustrate the performance of the proposed approach.
FAPESP: 2013/13070-7
FAPESP: 2014/22314-0
Chuma, Cerbantes Marcel. "Planejamento da operação de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica com geradores distribuídos /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150298.
Full textResumo: Neste trabalho propõe-se o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional para o planejamento da operação de curto prazo de sistemas de distribuição com geração distribuída (GD) considerando uma abordagem probabilística. Uma modelagem sequencial formulada com base na perspectiva das companhias de distribuição (DisCos) é proposta. As decisões operacionais da DisCo são inicialmente otimizadas no estágio de operação day-ahead (DA) e, então, na operação real-time (RT). A operação DA visa maximizar a diferença entre a energia vendida aos consumidores e as compras realizadas no mercado de eletricidade atacadista e da GD, ou seja, os lucros. No estágio RT, busca-se a minimização dos ajustes necessários para acomodar os desvios das quantidades previstas no planejamento DA. Modelos de cargas dependentes de tensão e restrições relacionadas à demanda são explicitamente formulados. A rede é representada através de equações de fluxo de potência AC completo. Propõe-se ainda a incorporação de um mecanismo para precificação nodal de potência reativa. Os modelos resultantes são caracterizados como programas de otimização matemática multiperíodo de grande porte não lineares e não convexos com variáveis contínuas e discretas. Um algoritmo pseudodinâmico baseado na meta-heurística Busca Tabu (BT) é proposto para solução do problema resultante de maneira eficaz, sem linearizações. Os resultados obtidos para alimentadores de distribuição de 69 e 135 barras ilustram a eficiência da metodologia pro... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
Machado, Larissa Andreia Wagner. "Análise do impacto de parâmetros regulatórios e de mercado no planejamento da expansão de sistemas de distribuição com geração distribuída." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1068.
Full textThe introduction of distributed generation (DG) in distribution systems should cause a paradigm change on the expansion planning. Few authors have been concerned about evaluating the long term impact caused by these local power sources in the distribution networks. Therefore, this paper proposes the extension of an expansion planning model for distribution systems, to include the DG problem in different regulation scenarios. The model is used to analyze the DG insertion impact in the expansion planning, as well as the impact of the regulation and market parameters associated to it. It was verified through simulation and analysis that, under the conditions established during the study, the DG may bring planning benefits, reducing the overall network expansion cost. Nevertheless, the regulation scenario and the market conditions might have a great impact on the benefits due to the DG presence.
A introdução da geração distribuída (GD) nos sistemas de distribuição deve provocar uma mudança nos paradigmas do planejamento da expansão. Poucos autores se preocuparam em avaliar qual pode ser o impacto no longo prazo da presença dessas fontes locais de potência nas redes de distribuição. Dessa forma, este trabalho propõe a ampliação de um modelo do planejamento da expansão de sistemas de distribuição, para incluir o problema da GD em diferentes cenários regulatórios. O modelo é utilizado para analisar o impacto da inserção da GD no planejamento da expansão, bem como o impacto de parâmetros regulatórios e de mercado associados a ela. Verificou-se através de simulações e análise que, sob as condições estabelecidas durante o estudo, a GD pode trazer benefícios ao planejamento, reduzindo o custo total da expansão com a rede. Porém, o cenário regulatório e as condições de mercado podem ter um grande impacto nos benefícios percebidos devido à presença da GD.
Hernández, Tannia Karina Vindel. "Uma proposta de integração da geração distribuída, por meio das usinas virtuais, ao sistema elétrico do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106131/tde-21052015-164508/.
Full textThis Thesis presents contributions for the planning of the electrical system of São Paulo State Brazil, emphasizing benefits obtained with a better integration of renewables (mainly solar photovoltaics, wind energy, from municipal solid waste and sugarcane vinasse) aiming energy security and independence, loss reduction and environmental benefits. For this, the concept of VPP Virtual Power Plant is introduced, in which a better and broader use of energetic resources, geographically dispersed, including distributed microgeneration, autoproduction, cogeneration, and even nonrenewable sources, is facilitated. Those disperse energy resources, in general located near the consumer, are grouped and jointly managed, in order of to satisfy the demand requirements, using Smart Grid and Information and Telecommunication Technologies, and making the VPP to act, for the transmission or distribution system point of view, as a conventional large electrical power plant. An analysis and forecasts of the operation of the Brazilian Southeast/Center West (SE/CO) subsystem, with special focus on São Paulo State electrical system, and its interactions with the Brazilian Interconnected Electrical System (SIN), is presented.
Rupolo, Diogo [UNESP]. "Planejamento integrado de redes de distribuição de energia elétrica com fontes renováveis de geração distribuída na média e baixa tensão." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151582.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Neste trabalho propõem-se metodologias para realizar o planejamento de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica de média tensão (MT), baixa tensão (BT) e o planejamento integrado de sistemas de média e baixa tensão (MT/BT). Nos modelos de funções objetivos considerados minimizam-se os custos associados à construção, expansão, operação e confiabilidade das redes de MT, BT e MT/BT, considerando a presença de geradores distribuídos e variáveis de natureza estocástica. A geração distribuída presente no planejamento de sistemas de distribuição é avaliada através de metodologias de geração de cenários e análise de risco. Como método de busca de soluções para o problema de planejamento dos sistemas de distribuição é proposta a meta-heurística de busca em vizinhança variável GVNS (General Variable Neighborhood Search). A meta-heurística GVNS trabalha com uma série de estruturas de vizinhanças que permitem explorar o espaço de busca de forma eficiente através dos critérios de diversificação e intensificação, aumentando a probabilidade de obter soluções que não sejam ótimos locais. No planejamento integrado MT/BT, as soluções obtidas são analisadas através de um fluxo de potência integrado entre as redes de MT e BT, considerando as relações de conexão dos transformadores entre estes sistemas. Os algoritmos propostos relacionados ao planejamento de sistemas MT, BT e MT/BT são implementados em linguagem de programação C++ e testado em diferentes sistemas testes de MT (54 barras e 182 barras), BT (76 barras) e MT/BT (172 e 412 barras), sob diferentes cenários operacionais.
This work proposes methodologies for the planning of medium voltage (MV), low voltage (LV), and integrated planning of medium and low voltage (MV/LV) systems. In the objective function models are considered the costs associated with the construction, expansion, operation and reliability of MV, LV and integrated MV/LV networks. Distributed generators and stochastic variables are also considered in the models. The distributed generation present in the planning of distribution systems is evaluated through methodologies of scenario generation and risk analysis. As a method of finding solutions to the problem of distribution system planning, the GVNS metaheuristic (General Variable Neighborhood Search) is proposed. The metaheuristic GVNS works with a series of neighborhood structures that allow to explore the search space efficiently through diversification and intensification criteria, increasing the probability of obtaining solutions that are not local optimum. In integrated MV/LV planning, the solutions obtained are analyzed through an integrated power flow between the MV and LV networks, considering the connection ratios of the transformers between these systems. The proposed algorithms related to the planning of MV, LV and integrated MV/LV systems are implemented in C ++ programming language and tested in different distribution systems, MV (54 and 182 bus), LV (76 bus) and MV/LV (172 and 412 bus), under different operating scenarios.
Rupolo, Diogo. "Planejamento integrado de redes de distribuição de energia elétrica com fontes renováveis de geração distribuída na média e baixa tensão /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151582.
Full textResumo: Neste trabalho propõem-se metodologias para realizar o planejamento de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica de média tensão (MT), baixa tensão (BT) e o planejamento integrado de sistemas de média e baixa tensão (MT/BT). Nos modelos de funções objetivos considerados minimizam-se os custos associados à construção, expansão, operação e confiabilidade das redes de MT, BT e MT/BT, considerando a presença de geradores distribuídos e variáveis de natureza estocástica. A geração distribuída presente no planejamento de sistemas de distribuição é avaliada através de metodologias de geração de cenários e análise de risco. Como método de busca de soluções para o problema de planejamento dos sistemas de distribuição é proposta a meta-heurística de busca em vizinhança variável GVNS (General Variable Neighborhood Search). A meta-heurística GVNS trabalha com uma série de estruturas de vizinhanças que permitem explorar o espaço de busca de forma eficiente através dos critérios de diversificação e intensificação, aumentando a probabilidade de obter soluções que não sejam ótimos locais. No planejamento integrado MT/BT, as soluções obtidas são analisadas através de um fluxo de potência integrado entre as redes de MT e BT, considerando as relações de conexão dos transformadores entre estes sistemas. Os algoritmos propostos relacionados ao planejamento de sistemas MT, BT e MT/BT são implementados em linguagem de programação C++ e testado em diferentes sistemas testes de MT (54 barras e 182... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
Thomson, Grant. "Community small scale wind farms for New Zealand: a comparative study of Austrian development, with consideration for New Zealand’s future wind energy development." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/961.
Full textAlvarez-Hérault, Marie-Cécile. "Architectures des réseaux de distribution du futur en présence de production décentralisée." Grenoble INPG, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00471172.
Full textDeregulation of electricity and the increasing will of protecting environment will enhance the development of dispersed generation. Transport networks, already saturated, need to be enhanced by distribution networks where dispersed generation will be connected. But a massive introduction of dispersed generation could modify the behaviour of distribution networks. This thesis shows a better way to integrate those productions: finding new ways to switch electrical flows. A new architecture with a partially meshed operation is proposed and validated thanks to technical and economic studies and stochastic tests. This competitive architecture enables to increase the penetration of distributed generation in the network ensuring reliability criteria of the distributor
Wang, Yu-Chung, and 王昱中. "Distributed Generation Planning in a Standalone Power System." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cs7j25.
Full text中原大學
電機工程研究所
98
Renewable sources become important issues due to environmental concerns and limited natural resouses. Taipower builds new power resources in Taiwan and island systems to satisfy the fast economic development and raise the quality of life of people. New distributed generations should be considered for the environment, topography, oecology and future development to satisfy the demand of people. This thesis considers costs of 25kW WTG, 10kW PV and 30kW diesel generator in an isolated 150kW power system. The isolated power system is planned by reliability method. Before simulation, we have to collect weather information, load in the area and source’s FOR (Forced Outage Rate, FOR). After we collected weather information, load and source’s FOR, Monte Carlo simulation and LOLE (Loss of Load Expection, LOLE) are studied. If LOLE smaller than expected values (8.76 hour/year), total cost and average price for planning are calculated. PSCAD/EMTDC V4.2 was used for the transient study in order to examine the frequency and voltage variation due to the wind/PV/diesel generator tripping. The applicable parameter design for the under-frequency load shedding relays is explored. There is a great influence to consider weather information and topography in an isolated power system which have renewable sources. The influence is the average price. If sourses were outage, it causes frequency and voltage to have large response in an isolated power system including a lot of renewable sources.
Liang, Ruo-Chen, and 梁若晨. "Distributed Generation Planning Considering Cost Minimization and Reliability." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52391297403048049271.
Full text中原大學
電機工程研究所
98
Due to the increase in fossil fuel prices , concerns about greenhouse effect and CO2 emissions, the use of renewable energy sources as an alternative for existing fossil-fueled power plants has been widely studied. The thesis uses Fuzzy-c-Mean (FCM), Markov model and Genetic Algorithm(GA) to study the generation expansion in a small isolated power system . The first step of the thesis, use FCM to classify wind turbine, photovoltaic and load. This step can make more accuracy in the next step, Markov model. Markov model, which makes Genetic Algorithms more efficient, is used to calculate probability, frequency and duration. Finally the reliability indices Lose Of Load Probability (LOLP) and Lose of load Expectation (LOLE), are considered. The cost of distributed generation is too high. This paper considers the diesel generator in the power system and uses Co2 constraint to limit the number of diesel generators, This help improve the reliability and reduce cost. The difference between the results of Markov Model and Time Sequence Genetic Algorithm is less than 5%. The CPU time used by the proposed method can be reduced greatly.
PATHAK, OM. "OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTED GENERATION PLANNING IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS." Thesis, 2019. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16962.
Full textChang, Shab-Min, and 張善閔. "Multiobjective Distribution Network Operations for Distributed Generation Interconnection Planning." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21247374079497125068.
Full text國立高雄海洋科技大學
輪機工程研究所
100
One of the major problems in interconnection of distributed generation (DG) is voltage control derived from reverse power. In order that voltage variation may not degrade customer voltage supply quality, feeder voltage should be maintained within the permissible range against DG connection. In the distribution system with DG, there are many voltage control devices that can be used to maintain the feeder voltage and many operation issues that should be taken into account. To address DG planning and distribution network operation optimization, a set of analysis model for multiobjective distribution system operation for DG interconnection planning is proposed in this thesis. Various degrees of integration ranging from a simple local based control of generation to a coordinated control between distribution and generation facilities are introduced. The problem has been formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem that is solved by a Pareto genetic algorithm to simultaneously derive optimal operation strategy for voltage control devices, feeder reconfiguration, and DG voltage control capability while all technical constraints are satisfied. To demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed model, an IEEE feeder test system and a practical distribution feeder system of Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) are selected for computer simulation to explore the benefits of the coordinated voltage controls for DG interconnection planning and distribution system operation. Keywords: Distributed generation, Multiobjective optimization, Pareto genetic algorithm, Voltage/Var control, Coordinated Control.
Bin, Humayd Abdullah. "Distribution System Planning with Distributed Generation: Optimal versus Heuristic Approach." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5917.
Full textChiu, Shian-Chun, and 邱顯淳. "Expansion Planning of Distribution Systems Considering Distributed Generation and Reliability Cost." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mtv89q.
Full text國立中山大學
電機工程學系研究所
97
This thesis investigates the capacity expansion of distribution substation of each service area considering PV system penetration to achieve the cost effectiveness of substation investment to comply with the service reliability. With the land use planning of Kaohsiung City Government, the load density of each small area for the target year is derived according to the final floor area and development strength of the land base. The load forecasting of each small area is then solved by considering the load growth of each customer class and a Markov model is applied for the forecasting of solar energy, which is then included in the expansion planning of substations. The forecasting of annual peak loadings for each area over the future 20 years is performed by the time series method based on the historical load data and load type of customers served. The forced outage rate (FOR) of main transformers in the substations is used to solve the loss of load expectation(LOLE) according to the peak loading of each service area. By this way, the capacity expansion planning of main transformers to meet the service reliability can therefore be derived. To further enhance the distribution system planning, the capacity transfer capability of main transformers and the tie line flow capacity between different areas are considered too. It is found that the expansion planning of main transformers by the proposed methodology can provide better cost effectiveness of transformer investment to satisfy the service reliability as well as the system peak loading.
Wong, Steven M. "Some Aspects of Distribution System Planning in the Context of Investment in Distributed Generation." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4618.
Full textZubo, Rana H. A., Geev Mokryani, Haile S. Rajamani, J. Aghaei, T. Niknam, and Prashant Pillai. "Operation and planning of distribution networks with integration of renewable distributed generators considering uncertainties: a review." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10660.
Full textDistributed generators (DGs) are a reliable solution to supply economic and reliable electricity to customers. It is the last stage in delivery of electric power which can be defined as an electric power source connected directly to the distribution network or on the customer site. It is necessary to allocate DGs optimally (size, placement and the type) to obtain commercial, technical, environmental and regulatory advantages of power systems. In this context, a comprehensive literature review of uncertainty modeling methods used for modeling uncertain parameters related to renewable DGs as well as methodologies used for the planning and operation of DGs integration into distribution network.
This work was supported in part by the SITARA project funded by the British Council and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, UK and in part by the University of Bradford, UK under the CCIP grant 66052/000000.
Zubo, R. H. A., Geev Mokryani, Haile S. Rajamani, J. Aghaei, T. Niknam, and Prashant Pillai. "Operation and planning of distribution networks with integration of renewable distributed generators considering uncertainties: a review." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10660.
Full textDistributed generators (DGs) are a reliable solution to supply economic and reliable electricity to customers. It is the last stage in delivery of electric power which can be defined as an electric power source connected directly to the distribution network or on the customer site. It is necessary to allocate DGs optimally (size, placement and the type) to obtain commercial, technical, environmental and regulatory advantages of power systems. In this context, a comprehensive literature review of uncertainty modeling methods used for modeling uncertain parameters related to renewable DGs as well as methodologies used for the planning and operation of DGs integration into distribution network.
This work was supported in part by the SITARA project funded by the British Council and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, UK and in part by the University of Bradford, UK under the CCIP grant 66052/000000.
Zheng, Yu. "Optimal allocation and operation of distributed generation and energy storage in distribution systems." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1296651.
Full textDistribution systems start from the distribution substation and deliver the power to the end users. Traditionally, the planning and operation of distribution systems have received less attention than transmission system which leads to the overdesign and inefficiency of distribution systems. Fast developing energy technology together with the environmental concerns has greatly increased the complexity of power grid and distribution systems, where the desire to increase the efficiency of energy distribution and consumption is increased. Additionally, with the requirement of high quality and reliable power supply to consumers, smart grid has been identified as the next generation of electric power systems around the globe. In the context of smart grid, the modern distribution system is changing from passive to active by distributed generation, communication technology, and automation control devices. We can see the significantly increasing penetration of new power engineering technologies, such as renewable energy distributed generation, energy storage, and other factors. There is a need to fully exploit the potential advantages of these new elements in smart distribution systems. The distribution system along with smart devices, as the solution to the need for grid development, provides utilities with many benefits, including improved operational efficiency, flexibility and power quality. However, despite those benefits, the planning of smart distribution system is a problem of vital importance since it concerns how the system is designed to achieve higher efficiency and reliability. The planning methods of the existing distribution system are either inappropriate for practical use in dealing with the emerging elements or impossible to achieve the global optimal solution. As a result, in-depth research is needed to solve these emerging and difficult problems in planning and operation. Most of the existing researches focus on one type of elements in the distribution system without taking other components and their implications on the overall system performance into consideration. In addition, they seldom consider the effects of electricity market or quantify the economic value brought by the reliability of the updated distribution systems. Therefore, in order to improve the economic efficiency and sustainability of smart grids, this research develops advanced planning methods for better integration and operation of new emerging elements, especially the distributed generation and energy storage in modern distribution system. First, a novel method for optimal allocation of renewable distributed generator (DG) is proposed. The optimal allocation of DG can not only reduce power loss through the feeder, but also improve the voltage stability, which is beneficial to both the economy and security of distribution systems. Multi-objective function is applied to quantify the impact brought by the increasing penetration of renewable DGs. To be more practical and accurate, the 3-phase untransposed distribution lines and unbalanced load are considered and modelled in the proposed planning method. Meanwhile, a MPC-based wind farm operation strategy is proposed to enhance the output power quality of DG, so as to meet the grid requirement. After that, with the increasing penetration of electric vehicles, an important aspect of modern traffic system, the ancillary facilities should be properly planned. A novel planning approach based on life cycle cost (LCC) is developed for battery charging/swap stations in distribution systems. Battery swap stations and charging station are compared and optimally integrated into distribution system to meet the requirements of the increasing charging power and minimize the overall investment. At last, the battery energy storage system (BESS), which has potential to facilitate high penetration of renewable energy, is investigated. A novel operation strategy for charging/discharging batteries in distribution system and optimizing the allocation of the energy storage system (ESS) is proposed for the Distribution Company (DISCO). With the increasing penetration of renewable energy in distribution system, the net demand curve will significantly deviate from the forecast curve, resulting in high risk to the DISCO when making its energy purchasing plan. The proposed strategy, aiming at tracking the total forecast demand curve, can mitigate the risk and encourage the demand side bidding. Based on the proposed operation strategy for the BESS, the optimal allocation method is designed to determine the location and the size of BESS, in order to maximize the total profit for the DISCO. Furthermore, BESS can be mobilized to make the operation of distribution system more flexible and reliable. Hence, mobile BESS (MBESS) is modeled in this work as well. The corresponding sizing approach is developed for the sake of reliability improvement. A number of test systems have been used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed advanced planning approaches. Comparative studies on the existing approaches reported in the literature where they are applicable, have also been conducted. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approaches have been verified by simulation results.
Hejeejo, Rashid. "The electricity market operation and planning framework with renewable energy integration." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1407542.
Full textThe increases in renewable current sources, prosumers and decentralised control generation in centralised grids has increased the fluctuations in electricity costs, increased the bi-direction power flow problems and changed the operation and investment of the centralised grid. These new constraints have to be observed to manage the design of the market, the new management near the load and the new operators for the power system. In addition, Microgrids (MGs) and their enabling technologies (e.g., small-scale renewable energy generation, energy storage systems (ESSs), demand response and information and communication systems) have attracted increasing attention in the past few years as they are expected to play an important role in future sustainable energy systems. There are many techniques in how to plan and manage energy systems with developing new management techniques. The expansion planning design problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimisation problem with a range of technical constraints, such as reliability and power quality constraints, as well as including variable and fixed costs. In this thesis, an energy system expansion planning model is used to investigate the quantitative impacts of local management systems on energy system sustainability. Moreover, this thesis proposes a stochastic framework for the centralised grid with a market-based, decentralised management, bi-directional power flow of mixed generators of electrical energy. A decentralised and bi-directional market-based management system model (DBMBMS) is developed which considers the operation costs, security and reliability of the centralised grid, the spot market price, weather changes and the fluctuations in the load. A differential evolution technique with a Monte Carlo program (MCP) is used in aggregation with bi-directional power flows to find the optimal solutions, depending on the uncertainties of the centralised grid. Using a DBMBMS model, optimal load and price management are then realised, based on the decision-maker’s choices. The impacts of this new management system on the reduction of the total electricity prices of the different power sources are analysed and illustrated with practical case studies. The results confirm that local managements can significantly improve a system’s efficiency. However, this efficiency improvement is influenced by factors such as the ratio of the MG participation, the network topology and other specific power system constraints.
Chang, Wen-Chun, and 常文峻. "Distributed Generation Planning Considering Cost Minimization and Demand Response and Day-ahead kW Scheduling of Air-conditioning." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15419050763977825720.
Full text中原大學
電機工程研究所
104
In recent years, because the impact of global climate change on the environment is a crucial issue, research and development of distributed generation and demand response become important. In this thesis, the Fuzzy-c-Mean (FCM), Markov model, and interior point method are used for sizing renewable energy power of a small power system, and for studying the day-ahead indoor temperature scheduling problems. Using FCM, wind power, solar power, inelastic load, and outdoor temperature are clustered. The Markov model can be used to calculate their probability, frequency, and duration and thus speed up the computational speed of the internal point method. Then, the interior point method considering the comfort and demand response is used to calculate the minimum cost of renewable power generation. Finally, by applying self-adaptive algorithms and interior point method, the optimal kW-consumption scheduling of air-conditioners in a single day (summer and winter) is studied. In this thesis, a small community including 50end-users who have an individual air-conditioner was studied. The difference between the results obtained by Markov model-based and time sequence-based interior point method is less than 5%. The CPU time used by the proposed method can be less 3-5times.
Algarni, Ayed. "Operational and Planning Aspects of Distribution Systems in Deregulated Electricity Markets." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4294.
Full textFarag, Hany Essa Zidan. "Assessment, Planning and Control of Voltage and Reactive Power in Active Distribution Networks." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7311.
Full textSong, Junseok. "Energy storage sizing for improved power supply availability during extreme events of a microgrid with renewable energy sources." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-08-6161.
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