Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Distributed cognition'
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Shelby, Ryan D. "Epistemic priming & distributed cognition /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Carmien, Stefan Parry. "Socio-technical environments supporting distributed cognition for persons with cognitive disabilities." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3239390.
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Morgan, Michael. "Distributed cognition in computer mediated learning environments." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060719.141836/index.html.
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Andreasson, Rebecca. "Interruptions in manufacturing from a distributed cognition perspective." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9695.
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This thesis aims at portraying interruptions in the socio-technical domain of manufacturing industry, from a distributed cognition perspective. The research problem addressed is the lack of naturalistic inquiry in prior interruption research. Further, manufacturing is a complex socio-technical domain where interruptions have not previously been studied. In this thesis, a workplace study is applied with distributed cognition as its theoretical framework. The results of the study identify two new types of interruptions, as well as one new dimension of interruptions. This result shows that interruptions are a multifaceted phenomenon that frequently occurs within manufacturing. An integration of the theoretical background and the empirical work resulted in five recommendations concerning how to reduce the amount of interruptions and how to minimize their disruptive effects. This study complements prior interruption research, emphasises the importance of studying interruptions in natural settings, and provides several insights regarding future interruption research.
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Forsblad, (Kristiansson) Mattias. "Distributed cognition in home environments : The prospective memory and cognitive practices of older adults." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131420.
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In this thesis I explore how older people make use of, and interact with, their physical environment in home and near-by settings to manage cognitive situations, specifically prospective memory situations. Older adults have in past research been shown to perform better on prospective memory in real-life settings than what findings in laboratory-like settings predict. An explanation for this paradox is that older adults has a more developed skill of using the environment for prospective memory than younger adults. However, research investigating this explanation has primarily been based on self-reports. I contribute to the understanding of this skill by doing two related things. First I introduce distributed cognition, a theoretical perspective that primarily has been used within professional and socio-technical environments, to the research field of prospective memory in everyday life. Second I present a cognitive ethnography conducted during two years across eight home, and near-by, environments and old-age retired persons, for which I have used theoretical concepts from distributed cognition to analyze observations. The analysis shows rich variations in how participants use common cultural cognitive tools, invent their own cognitive tools, deliberately and incidentally shape more or less functional spaces, make use of other physical features, orient themselves toward and make sense of cognitive resources. I complement both prospective memory and distributed cognition research by describing both the intelligent shaping and use of space. Furthermore, by taking a distributed cognitive perspective I show that prospective memory processes in home environments involve properties, and the management, of a multipurpose environment. Altogether this supports the understanding of distributed cognition as a perspective on all cognition. Distributed cognition is not a reflection of particular work practices, instead it is a formulation of the general features of human cognition. Prospective memory in everyday life can be understood as an ability persons have. However, in this thesis I show that prospective memory can also be understood as a process that takes place between persons, arrangements of space, and tools.
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Hill, Stephen. "Where is cognition? Towards an embodied, situated, and distributed interactionist theory of cognitive activity." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4516.
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In recent years researchers from a variety of cognitive science disciplines have begun to challenge some of the core assumptions of the dominant theoretical framework of cognitivism including the representation-computational view of cognition, the sense-model-plan-act understanding of cognitive architecture, and the use of a formal task description strategy for investigating the organisation of internal mental processes. Challenges to these assumptions are illustrated using empirical findings and theoretical arguments from the fields such as situated robotics, dynamical systems approaches to cognition, situated action and distributed cognition research, and sociohistorical studies of cognitive development. Several shared themes are extracted from the findings in these research programmes including: a focus on agent-environment systems as the primary unit of analysis; an attention to agent-environment interaction dynamics; a vision of the cognizer's internal mechanisms as essentially reactive and decentralised in nature; and a tendency for mutual definitions of agent, environment, and activity. It is argued that, taken together, these themes signal the emergence of a new approach to cognition called embodied, situated, and distributed interactionism. This interactionist alternative has many resonances with the dynamical systems approach to cognition. However, this approach does not provide a theory of the implementing substrate sufficient for an interactionist theoretical framework. It is suggested that such a theory can be found in a view of animals as autonomous systems coupled with a portrayal of the nervous system as a regulatory, coordinative, and integrative bodily subsystem. Although a number of recent simulations show connectionism's promise as a computational technique in simulating the role of the nervous system from an interactionist perspective, this embodied connectionist framework does not lend itself to understanding the advanced 'representation hungry' cognition we witness in much human behaviour. It is argued that this problem can be solved by understanding advanced cognition as the re-use of basic perception-action skills and structures that this feat is enabled by a general education within a social symbol-using environment.
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Cole, Janet Vivienne. "Media use and computer supported cooperative work : a socio organisational computational description of accounting activities." Thesis, Brunel University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247500.
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Lin, Frances. "Using Activity Theory and Distributed Cognition to Understand the ICU Discharge Process." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367211.
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Patient flow from ICU to the wards has been found to be problematic in many countries. It has been found that many discharges from ICU to ward were unsuccessful at the first attempt. Although after-hours ICU discharges have been found to be associated with increased mortality, after-hours discharges still take place in Australian ICUs. Refused and delayed ICU admissions have been associated with increased mortality, however statistics showed that there were still many patients unable to be admitted into ICUs in Australian hospitals. These findings indicate a resource constraint in Australian ICUs. Many researchers have implemented interventions to address these issues. The engagements of an ICU liaison nurse and an ICU outreach team to provide care to patients after ICU discharge were found to shorten ICU discharge delays and increase patient hospital survival.
It is against this context this study was carried out. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the patient discharge process from ICU to the wards in a metropolitan hospital in Australia. Distributed cognition and activity theory were used as theoretical frameworks and cognitive ethnography was used as the research method. Ethnographic data collection techniques including informal interviews, direct observations, and collecting existing documents were used. A total of 56 one-on-one interviews were conducted with 46 participants; 28 discharges were observed; and numerous documents were collected during a three-month period. A triangulated technique was used in both data collection and data analysis to ensure the research rigour.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Nursing and Midwifery
Griffith Health
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Spinelli, Gabriella. "Distributed cognition : artefacts and computational space for collaborative problem-solving." Thesis, Brunel University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408926.
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Davey, James M. "The cognitive and neural architecture of semantic cognition : evidence for dissociable distributed systems from multiple methods." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8949/.
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This thesis aimed to dissociate temporoparietal contributions to semantic cognition and investigate the wider semantic control network using behavioural experiments, fMRI, and TMS. Chapter 2 investigated patients with semantic aphasia (SA) and healthy participants under conditions of divided attention and found that the selection of associative knowledge, specifically for weaker associations is reliant on semantic control processes. Chapter 3 utilised TMS to dissociate two sites in the temporoparietal region implicated in semantic cognition (posterior middle temporal gyrus, pMTG; and angular gyrus, AG), which are co-activated in semantic contrasts and often damaged together in SA. pMTG was involved in semantic control whereas the response in AG suggests that it is involved in reflexive orientation to semantic concepts. Chapter 4 examined whether the network involved in the control of semantic information overlapped with the network involved in action selection, as both semantic selection and action selection activate overlapping regions demonstrated by previous fMRI studies. Significant overlap was observed between semantic control and action selection in the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and pMTG suggesting that flexibility in semantic retrieval and action selection rely on partially overlapping architecture. In Chapter 5 we extended previous work demonstrating an involvement of different parts of LIFG in different aspects of semantic control. Dorsal LIFG showed engagement in goal-driven selection while anterior ventral LIFG showed a response compatible with flexible content-driven retrieval. This distinction extended to posterior temporal cortex with pMTG recruitment only observed for context-driven retrieval demands and ITC involvement in goal-driven semantics. The findings of this thesis further elucidate the role of distinct regions within temporoparietal cortex in semantic cognition and the apparent overlap between semantic control and event/action understanding.
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Zajac, Stephanie. "Exploring new boundaries in team cognition: Integrating knowledge in distributed teams." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6390.
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Distributed teams continue to emerge in response to the complex organizational environments brought about by globalization, technological advancements, and the shift toward a knowledge-based economy. These teams are comprised of members who hold the disparate knowledge necessary to take on cognitively demanding tasks. However, knowledge coordination between team members who are not co-located is a significant challenge, often resulting in process loss and decrements to the effectiveness of team level knowledge structures. The current effort explores the configuration dimension of distributed teams, and specifically how subgroup formation based on geographic location, may impact the effectiveness of a team's transactive memory system and subsequent team process. In addition, the role of task cohesion as a buffer to negative intergroup interaction is explored.M.S.
Masters
Psychology
Sciences
Industrial Organizational Psychology
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Stovold, James. "Distributed cognition as the basis for adaptation and homeostasis in robots." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15885/.
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Many researchers approach the problem of building autonomous systems by looking to biology for inspiration. This has given rise to a wide-range of artificial systems mimicking their biological counterparts—artificial neural networks, artificial endocrine systems, and artificial musculoskeletal systems are prime examples. While these systems are succinct and work well in isolation, they can become cumbersome and complicated when combined to perform more complex tasks. Autonomous behaviour is one such complex task. This thesis considers autonomy as the complex behaviour it is, and proposes a bottom-up approach to developing autonomous behaviour from cognition. This consists of investigating how cognition can provide new approaches to the current limitations of swarm systems, and using this as the basis for one type of autonomous behaviour: artificial homeostasis. Distributed cognition, a form of emergent cognition, is most often described in terms of the immune system and social insects. By taking inspiration from distributed cognition, this thesis details the development of novel algorithms for cognitive decision-making and emergent identity in leaderless, homogenous swarms. Artificial homeostasis is provided to a robot through an architecture that combines the cognitive decision-making algorithm with a simple associative memory. This architecture is used to demonstrate how a simple architecture can endow a robot with the capacity to adapt to an unseen environment, and use that information to proactively seek out what it needs from the environment in order to maintain its internal state.
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Park, Jongsoon. "User Experiences with Data-Intensive Bioinformatics Resources: A Distributed Cognition Perspective." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73507.
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Advances in science and computing technology have accelerated the development and dissemination of a wide range of big data platforms such as bioinformatics into the biomedical and life sciences environments. Bioinformatics brings the promise of enabling life scientists to easily and effectively access large and complex data sets in new ways, thus promoting scientific discoveries by for example generating, validating, and refining hypotheses based on in silico analysis (performed on computer). Meanwhile, life scientists still face challenges in working with big data sets such as difficulties in data extraction and analyses arising from distributed and heterogeneous databases, user interface inconsistencies and discrepancies in results. Moreover, the interdisciplinary nature of modern science adds to significant gaps in scientists' performance caused by limited proficiency levels with bioinformatics resources and a lack of common language across different disciplines.
Although developers of bioinformatics platforms are slowly beginning to move away from function-oriented software engineering approaches and towards to user-centered design approaches, they rarely consider users' value, and expectations that embrace different user contexts. Further, there is an absence of research that specifically aims to support the broad range of users from multiple fields of study, including 'wet' (lab-based) and dry' (computational) research communities.
Therefore, the ultimate goal of this research is to investigate life scientists' user experiences with knowledge resources and derive design implications for delivering consistent user experiences across different user classes in order to better support data-intensive research communities. To achieve this research goal, we used the theory of distributed cognition as a framework for representing the dynamic interactions among end users and knowledge resources within computer-supported and -mediated environments. To be specific, this research focused on how online bioinformatics resources can be improved in order to both mitigate performance differences among the diverse user classes and better support distributed cognitive activities in data-intensive interdisciplinary research environments. This research consists of three parts: (1) understanding user experience levels with current bioinformatics resources and key determinants to encourage distributed cognitive activities, especially knowledge networking, (2) gaining in-depth understanding of scientists' insight generation behavior and human performance associated with individual differences (i.e., research roles and cognitive styles), and (3) identifying in-context usefulness, and barriers to make better use of bioinformatics resources in real working research contexts and derive design considerations to satisfactorily support positive user experiences. To achieve our research goals, we used a mixed-methods research approach that combines both quantitative (Study 1 and 2) and qualitative (Study 3) methods.
First, as a baseline for subsequent studies, we conducted an empirical survey to examine 1) user experience levels with current bioinformatics resources, 2) important criteria to adequately support user requirements, 3) levels of knowledge networking (i.e., knowledge sharing and use) and relationship to users' larger set of distributed cognitive activities, and, 4) key barriers and enablers of knowledge networking. We collected responses from 179 scientists and our findings revealed that lack of integration, inconsistent results and user interfaces across bioinformatics resources, and perceived steep learning curves are current limitations to productive user experiences. Performance-related factors such as speed and responsiveness of resources and ease of use ranked relatively high as important criteria for bioinformatics resources. Our research also confirmed that source credibility, fear of getting scooped, and certain motivation factors (i.e., reciprocal benefit, reputation, and altruism) have an influence on scientists' intention to engage in distributed cognitive activities.
Second, we conducted a laboratory experiment with a sample of 16 scientists in the broad area of bench and application sciences. We elicited 1) behavior characteristics, 2) insight characteristics, 3) gaze characteristics, and 4) human errors in relation to individual differences (i.e., research roles such as bench and application scientists, cognitive styles such as field-independent and dependent people) to identify whether human performance gaps exist. Our results (1) confirmed significant differences with respect to insight generation behavior and human performance depending on research roles, and (2) identified some relationships between scientists' cognitive styles and human performance.
Third, we collected a rich set of qualitative data from 6 scientists using a longitudinal diary study and a focus group session. The specific objective of this study was to identify in-context usefulness and barriers to using knowledge resources in a real work context to subsequently derive focused design implications. For this work, we examined 1) the types of distributed cognitive activities participants performed, 2) the challenges and alternative actions they faced, 3) important criteria that influenced tasks, and 4) values to support distributed cognitive activities. Based on the empirical findings of this study, we suggest design considerations to support scientists' distributed cognitive activities from user experience perspectives.
Overall, this research provides insights and implications for user interface design in order to support data-intensive interdisciplinary communities. Given the importance of today's knowledge-based interdisciplinary society, our findings can also serve as an impetus for accelerating a collaborative culture of scientific discovery in online biomedical and life science research communities. The findings can contribute to the design of online bioinformatics resources to support diverse groups of professionals from different disciplinary backgrounds. Consequently, the implications of these findings can help user experience professionals and system developers working in biomedical and life sciences who seek ways to better support research communities from user experience perspectives.Ph. D.
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Amon, Mary Jean. "Examining Coordination and Emergence During Individual and Distributed Cognitive Tasks." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1468336815.
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Eden, Joel Uzi Atwood Michael E. "The distributed cognitive walkthrough : the impact of differences in cognitive theory on usability evaluation /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2823.
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Perry, Mark Julian. "Distributed cognition and computer supported collaborative design : the organisation of work in construction engineering." Thesis, Brunel University, 1997. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5459.
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The intellectual contribution of this thesis lies within the area of computer supported co-operative work (CSCW), and more specifically, computer supported co-operative design (CSCD). CSCW is concerned with the development of information systems and technological support for multi-participant work activities. Research into CSCW seeks to understand how people and organisations interact with one another, and to integrate this understanding with the development of computer based tools to support real world settings. Much of the technology developed to support the work of designers has been developed to aid individuals working alone, with tools like computer aided drafting (CAD), scheduling, and database software. The growth of interest in ‘groupware’ has led many technology developers to adapt these design tools for use in group situations. However, joint activities are different from those performed alone, and organisational structures can both interfere with, and supplement co-operative work practices in a way that the current technologies cannot provide support for. To develop effective group design tools, we need to understand more about collaborative processes in design. This thesis draws from the theoretical underpinning of cognitive science and the methods of anthropology and sociology, in an interdisciplinary study of design performance in the construction industry. Fieldwork is used as a method of qualitative data collection and this is examined within the analytic framework of distributed cognition. The results of this analysis provide a useful and usable description of the work of design that technology developers can use to support collaborative design work. In line with the methods of distributed cognition, the activities observed in the workplace studies are examined in terms of their processes and representations. The resources that were available to the design participants are made explicit, as are their situation-specific work patterns. Two case studies of design are examined. The first of these describes design work in a civil engineering project, which involves a number of different design activities. The second describes the work of consulting engineers in building design, focusing on a more limited design role, which is used to back up and supplement areas of the first study that were understood to be particularly relevant. The findings of the study demonstrate how design processes operate simultaneously at personal, organisational and inter-organisational levels. The distinction between the formal, organisational procedures, and the informal, social processes that compliment them is examined to show how these are interrelated in the performance of the design task and their importance to the mechanisms used to co-ordinate actions. The findings of the study have implications for the development of novel technologies to augment the engineering design process, and have already been used in the development of assistive design technologies. The thesis demonstrates that the framework of distributed cognition can be used in the analysis of cognition within a setting, involving multiple individuals, in concert with 'natural' and 'artificial' artefacts. The thesis makes clear a number of processes in design that can only be examined from a perspective which includes the social dimensions of work. The methods of study focus on the resources in collaborative activities, whilst the analysis, structured in terms of the representations and processes of collaborative activity, shows that the method can be used effectively in the development of CSCW and CSCD technologies.
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Dahl, S. Gregg. "On the interpretation of neural network activity in parallel distributed processing models of cognition." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/11047.
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Björkvall, Karin. "Dentistry "in the wild" : A workplace study of dentistry from a Distributed cognition perspective." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5266.
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The research problem addressed in this thesis is the lack of understanding of dentistry in practice, and the limited amount of work from a HCI-perspective in dental informatics. The aim of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of the area as a socio-technical domain from a Distributed cognition-perspective using workplace studies. Dentistry is a complex socio-technical domain where humans, technology, tools and artifacts together form a system. The ubiquitous presence of computers has made a mark on the dental profession with e.g. record systems and digital x-ray, and the integration of IT-system in the dental field may inform how dentists make decisions for their patients and how they perform their work. The problem is that not much work has been done in the dental informatics field from a HCI-perspective. This thesis applies workplace studies and Distributed cognition as an approach to HCI to gain an understanding of dentistry in practice and also draw conclusions how Distributed cognition could be applied as a method in HCI. This thesis presents a detailed account of work in dentistry regarding the propagation of information through representational stages and the roles, tasks and artifacts that are present in the complex socio-technical domain of dentistry. The thesis also provide implications for Distributed cognition regarding how it could be developed to fit into today’s complex socio-technical domains both as a method in HCI and as a theoretical framework. Key words: Dental informatics, Human-computer interaction, Distributed cognition, Workplace studies.
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Palmér, Annelie. "Distribuerade kognitiva system i hälso- och sjukvård : En fallstudie utifrån "DiCoT" (Distributed Cognition for Teamwork)." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9489.
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Svensk hälso- och sjukvård är en informationsintensiv bransch som står inför en stor utmaning avseende de informationsteknologiska lösningar som används idag och hur dessa lösningar bör utvecklas framöver. Vårdpersonalen efterfrågar att den teknologi som används ska vara flexibel och anpassad till arbetssituationen samt följa flödet i patientprocessen. För att utveckla lösningar anpassade till vård och omsorg som kan stödja användarna i deras arbetssituation krävs att metoder utvecklas utifrån användarna och deras arbetskontext i en distribuerad arbetsmiljö. Genom att ta fram sådana metoder utifrån ansatsen distribuerad kognition blir det möjligt att identifiera informationsflöden och de verktyg som används utifrån de fysiska förutsättningarna i arbetskontexten. Distribuerad kognition utgår från att människans tänkande ses som ett fenomen som utgår från social, kulturell och kontextuell interaktion samt interaktion med artefakter, Kognition anses på så sätt vara distribuerad. Denna rapport avser analysera DiCoT som utvecklats utifrån den distribuerade ansatsen och som är avsedd att användas som analysverktyg vid utveckling av nya informationsteknologiska lösningar och lämpar sig väl för arbetskontexter inom hälso- och sjukvård. För att analysera DiCoT har en etnografisk kvalitativ studie utförts och resultatet har visat att DiCoT fungerar väl som analysverktyg inom sjukvårdsmiljöer men att det finns områden så som sociala strukturer, avbrott i arbetsprocesser och indirekta interaktionsmönster som behöver beaktas och som kan komma att påverkas när dessa typer av sjukvårdsmiljöer digitaliseras.
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Hu, Hongzhan. "Exploring the concept of feedback with perspectives from psychology and cognitive science." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-107090.
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This study explores the concept of feedback from various perspectives in psychology and cognitive science. Specifically, the theories of ecological psychology, situated and Distributed Cognition, Cognitive Systems Engineering and Embodied cognition are investigated and compared. Cognitive Systems Engineering provides a model of feedback and related constructs, to understand human behavior in complex working environments. Earlier theories such as ecological psychology, considered feedback as direct perception. Situated cognition clearly inherits ideas from ecological psychology, whereas distributed cognition provides a deeper understanding of feedback through artifact use. Cognitive Systems Engineering provides a systematic view of feedback and control. This framework is a suitable perspective to understanding feedback in human-machine settings.
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Mannerhagen, Anders. "A case study of nurses information and communication needs." Thesis, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19833.
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The role of information technology within health care is getting more central and prominent. The purpose of this change is both to make the health care more efficient and to heighten patient safety. This exploratory case study of four care units aims to provide a glimpse into the clinical work of nurses, and to indentify and describe their communication and information needs. The analytical framework used in this study is distributed cognition and the research method used is cognitive ethnography. The study provides a peek into the complex system of health care, and how the central artifacts such as patient records, whiteboards and different alarm systems are used in this context. The result of the study describes the current work practices and information flows in the studied care units. From these results general system design implications are made.
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Carmo, Adriano Vinício da Silva do. "Comunicação e colaboração docente: análise de artefatos cognitivos em aulas do portal do professor." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/766.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Esta é uma pesquisa descritiva que investiga a estrutura e o funcionamento do website educacional Portal do Professor, seção Espaço da Aula, tomando como unidades de análise sua ferramenta de criação de planos de aula (Criar Aula) e as páginas resultantes do trabalho de criação de aulas (disponíveis em Sugestões de Aula). Para isso, considera-se que: 1) websites (e suas páginas) podem ser caracterizados pelos meios de representação que utilizam (texto, imagem, animação, som, vídeo etc.) e pelas conexões/interligações que realizam com suas páginas internas ou com outras páginas na Web e 2) websites podem ser entendidos como Nichos Cognitivos, que são constituídos por diversos artefatos, que, além de cognitivos, apresentam propriedades semióticas específicas, concebidas ou oportunisticamente usadas para melhorar, ou simplesmente alterar, certas competências cognitivas. Durante a pesquisa, foi definida uma amostra aleatória de 70 aulas para aplicação de um instrumento quantitativo. Após isso, analisando o mapeamento resultante, foram listadas 7 aulas para a análise qualitativa. A discussão dos resultados levou a algumas afirmações: 1) a criação de uma aula online é um processo educacional, cognitivamente desenvolvido e apoiado por um nicho já construído (o Criar Aula); 2) as aulas já prontas são produtos educacionais que são publicadas no Sugestões de Aula, compondo um repositório que opera como um nicho cognitivo à medida que oferece possibilidades de ação (escolha de aulas diversas) mediante determinadas contingências educacionais; 3) a colaboração docente em um website, como um processo de cognição distribuída, é (ou possui condições de ser) potencializada, visto a facilidade de interconexão entre diversos artefatos e pessoas, formando nichos cognitivos específicos.
This is a descriptive study that investigates the structure and functioning of the educational website Portal do Professor section Espaço da Aula, taking as their units of analysis the tool for creating lesson plans (Criar Aula) and the resulting pages of the work of creating lesson plans (available at Sugestões de Aula). For this, it is considered that: 1) websites (and its pages) can be characterized by means of representation used (text, image, animation, sound, video, etc.) and the connections/interconnections that carry out with your internal pages or with other Web pages and 2) websites can be understood as Cognitive Niche, which consist of various artifacts, which, in addition to cognitive, have specific, designed or used opportunistically semiotic properties to improve, or simply change certain cognitive skills. During the research, was set a random sample of 70 lesson plans to application of a quantitative instrument. After that, analyzing the resulting mapping, 7 lesson plans were listed for qualitative analysis. The discussion led to some statements: 1) the creation of an online lesson plan is an educational process, cognitively developed and supported by a niche already built (the Criar Aula), 2) the ready lesson plans are educational products that are published in Sugestões de Aulas, composing a repository that operates as a cognitive niche as offering possibilities for action (choice of several lesson plans) under certain educational contingencies, 3) teacher collaboration on a website as a process of distributed cognition, is (or is able to be) potentiated, because facilitates the interconnection between various artifacts and people forming specific cognitive niches.
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Biemans, Margaretha Catharina Maria. "Cognition in context the effect of information and communication support on task performance of distributed professionals /." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/57116.
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Hassan, Mona. "Towards a distributed cognition approach to the use of the Internet in higher education in Kuwait." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419086.
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Kristiansson, Mattias. "Memory, aging and external memory aids : Two traditions of cognitive research and their implications for a successful development of memory augmentation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71616.
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The topic of this thesis is how the decline of cognitive abilities and memory functioning in elder people can be assisted by external memory aids. This issue was approached through a combination of methods. The starting point was a literature review of two approaches to the study of memory – the traditional where memory functions are located in the brain and the situated where remembering transcends over external resources, and by a literature review on declining memory abilities in elderly people. An ethnographic study of everyday remembering in an older population, aged from 72 to 91, found many instances of the spontaneous use of the environment to support a declining memory ability, which in turn suggest that the traditional approach to memory research is of limited value when studying everyday memory abilities in older people. A study on existing memory aids, as well as memory aids currently under development in research laboratories showed that these technologies are primarily based on an explicit or implicit traditional view of memory that disregard several aspects of remembering in the natural world. It is therefore suggested that future development of memory aids could fruitfully benefit from a distributed and situated approach, where the individuals‘ current use of external memory aids are used as the starting point, with the goal of extending and amplifying methods and artefacts already spontaneously in use.
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Chada, Daniel de Magalhães. "Are you experienced? Contributions towards experience recognition, cognition, and decision making." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17786.
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Este trabalho consiste em três contribuições independentes do âmbito da modelagem cognitiva ao campo de management science. O primeiro aborda Experience Recognition, uma teoria inicialmente introduzida por Linhares e Freitas [91]. Aqui ela é estendida e delineada, além de se discutir suas contribuições para a ciência cognitiva e management science. A segunda contribuição introduz a framework cognitiva chamada Rotational Sparse Distributed Memory, e fornece uma aplicação-exemplo de suas características como substrato para um fortemente relevante campo da management science: redes semânticas. A contribuição final aplica Rotational Sparse Distributed Memory para a modelagem de motifs de rede, flexibilidade dinâmica e organização hierárquica, três resultados de forte impacto na literatura recente de neurociência. A relevância de uma abordagem baseada na modelagem neurocientífica para a decision science é discutida.
This work is comprised of three independent contributions from the realm of cognitive modeling to management science. The first addresses Experience Recognition, a theory first introduced by Linhares and Freitas [91]. Here it is extended and better defined, and also its contribution to cognitive science and management science are discussed. The second contribution introduces a cognitive framework called Rotational Sparse Distributed Memory, and provides a sample application of its characteristics as a substrate for a highly relevant subject in management science: semantic networks. The final contribution applies Rotational Sparse Distributed Memory to modeling network motifs, dynamic flexibility and hierarchical organization, all highly impactful results in recent neuroscience literature. The relevance of a neuroscientific modeling approach towards a cognitive view of decision science are discussed.
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Maxwell, Tricia Lesley. "Factors affecting the representation of objects in distributed attention." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7478/.
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Our phenomenological experience of what we see around us is of an accurate representation. However, such information is widely distributed in the brain so necessitates that some form of co-ordination of this information takes place to enable a coherent view of the world. The most prominently researched theory is Feature Integration Theory (Treisman, 1993). This proposes that accurate binding is dependent on the current spatial distribution of attention. Individual objects compete for attention via activity in a master map of locations with competition being modulated by grouping processes. When attention is distributed, features are randomly selected and a bound object can be perceived to be located at any position within the attentional window. However, there is evidence to suggest that in distributed attention, coarse location information is available and two alternative proposals have been put forward. The first suggests that it is the information from a unitary feature that can determine the perceived location of a bound object (Tsal & Lavie, 1988) and the second proposes that the information from all contributing features is averaged to provide the location information (Ashby et al, 1996). One way to determine which model best represents feature integration is to investigate the contribution each feature makes to the perceived location of a bound object by using the illusory conjunction paradigm in which an object is formed when the visual system binds together individual features from items located in different parts of the display. Results indicated that in briefly presented displays, perception can be subject to tritan-like shifts in colour space. No support for spatial averaging or for the random rule was found. Rather, there was a strong indication that the perceived location of illusory objects was sourced from a single feature supporting the unitary rule.
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Peters, Uwe. "Does the mind leak? : on Andy Clark's extended cognition hypothesis and its critics : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophy /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Humanities, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3613.
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A growing controversy at the interface of philosophy and cognitive science concerns the question of where cognition is located. In the paper “The Extended Mind” (1998), the book Supersizing the Mind (2008) and many other publications, Andy Clark contends that cognitive processes do not only occur in the head but also physically extend into the environment. In contrast and critical response to Clark, Adams/Aizawa (2008) and Rupert (forthcoming) hold that cognition is an entirely brain-bound affair. In the present thesis, I will argue that Clark’s extended cognition hypothesis as well as Adams/Aizawa’s and Rupert’s brain-bound accounts should be rejected because they lack plausibility and are cognitive-scientifically gratuitous. However, even though I dismiss Adams/Aizawa’s and Rupert’s specific brain-bound views, I will reach a conclusion similar to theirs: contra Clark, cognition remains an internal phenomenon.
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Lippa, Katherine Domjan. "Cognition of Shared Decision Making: The Case of Multiple Sclerosis." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1463576554.
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Saleem, Jason Jamil. "Multi-Method Approach to Understand Pilot Performance in a Sociotechnical Aviation System." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28309.
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This research examined human-machine performance in a General Aviation (GA) environment under dynamic conditions using a combination of field study and laboratory experimentation. Using this combination of methods, the functional system of pilots performing a landing approach (both instrument and visual) with a Cessna 172 to the Roanoke Regional Airport (ROA) was described and analyzed. In the field study, data collection was guided by an integrative method based on macroergonomics (ME) and distributed cognition (DC), allowing the cognitive aspects of a sociotechnical system to be treated as equally important as the organizational components. Also of interest was how pilot performance was affected by the introduction of nighttime and deteriorating weather conditions to this GA environment. Few statistically significant differences were found between pilots who flew by visual flight rules (VFR) and those who flew by instrument flight rules (IFR) or within each of these pilot groups in terms of objective flight performance. However, there were several significant differences between VFR and IFR pilots and within each pilot group in terms of workload and especially situation awareness across conditions; situation awareness for VFR pilots was found to be significantly reduced compared to situation awareness for IFR pilots in nighttime and deteriorating weather conditions (p < 0.05).
In addition to these statistical findings and the methodological contribution of a joint systems/cognitive method, contributions of this dissertation include a greater understanding of the GA pilot/cockpit system and a systems-oriented cognitive model of this aviation environment as described by the ME/DC method for both VFR and IFR pilots. Further, procedural comparisons were performed between the flight simulator and the actual Cessna 172 used in the field study to increase our understanding of how to improve the validity associated with using simulators in research. Findings from both the laboratory and field studies in this research support new designs and technologies envisioned for future aviation systems that would assist the pilot during a landing approach such as weather information systems, head-up displays, synthetic vision, three-dimensional auditory displays, increased automation, and communications filters. Potential future applications of this research are also explored.Ph. D.
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Rajkomar, A. "Augmenting Distributed Cognition analysis for home haemodialysis : from a system of representations to systems of activity-centric interactions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1419278/.
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This thesis investigates the application of Distributed Cognition (DCog) to understand patients’ situated interactions with Home Haemodialysis Technology (HHT). With the anticipated increase in home healthcare, there is a need to understand how Home Medical Devices (HMDs) should be designed so that they are patient-friendly and can be safely used in the home. This implies studying situated interactions with current HMDs and identifying the issues that patients face. Taking HHT as an example of a HMD, this thesis focuses on understanding the contexts in which renal patients interact with HHT, and their interaction strategies and issues, from a DCog perspective. DCog has been a useful theoretical framework for understanding work in clinical settings, but has not previously been applied to the study of interactions with HMDs. Data was gathered during visits to 19 patients through ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews. 3 renal nurses, 3 renal technicians, and 1 nephrologist were also interviewed. Data was analysed by constructing the representational models of the Distributed Cognition for Teamwork framework (DiCoT) to understand the context of interactions, focusing on system activities, information flows, physical layouts, artefacts, social structures, and system evolution, and by applying the principles associated with these models to identify patients’ interaction strategies and issues. This thesis brings five contributions to the study of situated interactions with HHT. Firstly, it provides an account of patients’ experiences of interacting with HHT. Secondly, it demonstrates the utility of DCog as a theoretical framework for understanding interactions with a HMD such as HHT. Thirdly, it develops new theoretical principles that help to understand how people distribute cognitive processes through time. Fourthly, it develops a Contextual Factors Analysis that facilitates the analysis of complex interaction strategies. Finally, it develops an overarching approach that augments DCog analysis from considering a system of representations to considering systems of activity-centric interactions.
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Benda, Klara. "Designing the Sakai Open Academic Environment: A distributed cognition account of the design of a large scale software system." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52233.
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Social accounts of technological change make the flexibility and openness of interpretations the starting point of an argument against technological determinism. They suggest that technological change unfolds in the semantic domain, but they focus on the social processes around the interpretations of new technologies, and do not address the conceptual processes of change in interpretations. The dissertation presents an empirically grounded case study of the design process of an open-source online software platform based on the framework of distributed cognition to argue that the cognitive perspective is needed for understanding innovation in software, because it allows us to describe the reflexive and expansive contribution of conceptual processes to new software and the significance of professional epistemic practices in framing the direction of innovation. The framework of distributed cognition brings the social and cognitive perspectives together on account of its understanding of conceptual processes as distributed over time, among people, and between humans and artifacts. The dissertation argues that an evolving open-source software landscape became translated into the open-ended local design space of a new software project in a process of infrastructural implosion, and the design space prompted participants to outline and pursue epistemic strategies of sense-making and learning about the contexts of use. The result was a process of conceptual modeling, which resulted in a conceptually novel user interface. Prototyping professional practices of user-centered design lent directionality to this conceptual process in terms of a focus on individual activities with the user interface. Social approaches to software design under the broad umbrella of human-centered computing have been seeking to inform the design on the basis of empirical contributions about a social context. The analysis has shown that empirical engagement with the contexts of use followed from conceptual modeling, and concern about real world contexts was aligned with the user-centered direction that design was taking. I also point out a social-technical gap in the design process in connection with the repeated performance challenges that the platform was facing, and describe the possibility of a social-technical imagination.
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Linger, Oscar. "Work and Safety in Small to Medium-Sized Air Traffic Control Towers : A Study of Distributed Cognition and Resilience." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129706.
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Air Traffic Control (ATC) is a safety-critical system which places high demands on air traffic controllers’ (ATCO) multitasking abilities. Having the requisite information for well-informed decision making is central, and as new technologies such as remote towers demand an increase in capacity, efficiency, and safety there is a need for research that informs system development. Adopting a systems perspective, Distributed Cognition is an approach for investigating system functioning, and Resilience Engineering is a way of observing safety factors in everyday work. The purpose of this study is to understand how air traffic controllers work from a distributed cognition perspective, and manage safety in everyday tasks from a resilience perspective. Six observations and six interviews were conducted in a Swedish control tower. The data was analyzed using Distributed Cognition for Teamwork (DiCoT) and Resilience markers (REM), which both focus on the transformation and propagation of information. The results of DiCoT show how cognitive processes in ATCO work are supported in models of physical layout, artefacts, information flow, social organization, and evolutionary design. The results of REM show potential for resilience enhancing behavior in several episodes of ATCO work. Moreover, the results suggest that methods such as DiCoT and REM may work well in the ATC domain, as well as complementary to each other. The results may be used for informing system development, and enable a before-and-after study as the control tower of study will be transformed into a remote tower.
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Nabavian, Shahin. "Distributed cognition in joint music composition : exploring the role of language and artefacts in multi-session creative collaborative work." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/485.
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My thesis takes steps towards understanding the role technology can play in supporting multisession creative collaborative work. This is achieved by exploring the relationship between the outcomes of a session of work and the resources available within the environment where work takes place. My domain of study is Joint Music Composition, which is a form of collaborative work that requires participants to generate, share, develop and remember information about a musical composition across a number of sessions. Although musical instrument and recording technology have advanced, there appears to be little understanding of how technology can be used to support collaboration in Joint Music Composition. To investigate this, I used the Distributed Cognition framework (Hutchins, 1995a), which has traditionally been employed to study work activities within socio-technological settings, to better understand how to support collaboration and coordination within my domain of study. The findings of my thesis are based on studies conducted in real life settings (i.e., field) and in environments that I helped to organise (i.e., laboratory). Research from the field describes how groups naturally organise their session, their physical setting, and their communication. It also helps to highlight a number of issues relating to the cognitive burden associated with compositions when they are in development. The first laboratory study illustrates the distributed nature of problem solving in Joint Music Composition by giving examples of different ways knowledge is shared within the group and across sessions. The second laboratory study describes how a shared work space appears to change the way knowledge is represented and distributed within two different rehearsal set-ups. Overall, the main insights that are applicable to informing design relate to the way practitioners of Joint Music Composition manage the distributed nature of problem solving using transient representations across multiple sessions of work.
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Kuhn, Jeffrey. "Games as Complex Social Spaces: An Ethnographic Investigation into the Distributed Cognition and Problem Solving in World of Warcraft." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1489069153773136.
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Reina, Andreagiovanni. "Engineering swarm systems: A design pattern for the best-of-n decision problem." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/232717.
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The study of large-scale decentralised systems composed of numerous interacting agents that self-organise to perform a common task is receiving growing attention in several application domains. However, real world implementations are limited by a lack of well-established design methodologies that provide performance guarantees. Engineering such systems is a challenging task because of the difficulties to obtain the micro-macro link: a correspondence between the microscopic description of the individual agent behaviour and the macroscopic models that describe the system's dynamics at the global level. In this thesis, we propose an engineering methodology for designing decentralised systems, based on the concept of design patterns. A design pattern provides a general solution to a specific class of problems which are relevant in several application domains. The main component of the solution consists of a multi-level description of the collective process, from macro to micro models, accompanied by rules for converting the model parameters between description levels. In other words, the design pattern provides a formal description of the micro-macro link for a process that tackles a specific class of problems. Additionally, a design pattern provides a set of case studies to illustrate possible implementation alternatives both for simple or particularly challenging scenarios. We present a design pattern for the best-of-n, decentralised decision problem that is derived from a model of nest-site selection in honeybees. We present two case studies to showcase the design pattern usage in (i) a multiagent system interacting through a fully-connected network, and (ii) a swarm of particles moving on a bidimensional plane.Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
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Hansen, Emily. "Implementing Lean healthcare : Things to consider when making the change." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85146.
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The pressure on the healthcare sector is increasing all over the world. The amount of treatable diseases increases and the time spent with each patient decreases. As a reaction towards the way the healthcare works today, patient-centred healthcare has become increasingly popular. Bringing the patient into the centre also needs changes in the staffs’ way of working. One way of making these changes is by implementing Lean healthcare. This thesis uses a systematic review approach to find out what organisational changes have been made at hospitals where they have implemented Lean healthcare and how the implementations were done. The results showed that the most important thing was to engage the staff at an early point. Those hospitals that had representatives from all the different categories of the staff were the ones who managed to make the modifications with less effort and they also had an easier way of maintaining them. The most obvious similarities in the organisational changes the hospitals had made were that they clearly defined who were supposed to do what and that they changed the work into multi-disciplinary teams. By that the hospitals saved a lot of time both for the staff and for the patients. Lean thinking has similarities theories of cognitive science, like distributed cognition and safety barriers and it could get inspiration from these areas to enhance the implementations. There are few articles concerning the organisational changes that have been made at hospitals when implementing Lean healthcare. However the results of this thesis was that the most important thing when implementing Lean healthcare is to involve everyone at an early stage and the only way to get Lean healthcare to really work is by changing the attitude and making people realise that improvement is a never ending process. The changes that were most common among the hospitals were to clearly define and document who was supposed to do what and to change the structure to multi-disciplinary teams working together.
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Rybing, Jonas. "Designing for Collaborative Turn-Taking at the Digital Tabletop." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71604.
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Collaboration technologies are difficult to design due to the complex myr-iad of social, cognitive, and communicative aspects of group interactions. New interaction technologies like multitouch sharable interfaces, such asdigital tabletops, have lead to a renewed interest in designing collaborativetechnologies. This thesis focuses on turn-taking protocols as a coordinat-ing mechanism during collaborative work with digital tabletops. The goalwas to develop new conceptual designs and interactive mechanisms to sup-port face-to-face collaborations of small groups. Inspired by ethnographicalstudies of collaborative work and theories in distributed cognition and re-lated theories of language and action a model of collaborative turn-takingwas developed. Moreover, the thesis presents five design concepts and in-teraction components for the digital tabletop that exemplifies the differentproperties of the model.
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Lundqvist, Tomas. "Creating Resilience – A Matter of Control or Computation? : Resilience Engineering explored through the lenses of Cognitive Systems Engineering and Distributed Cognition in a patient safety case study." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-102366.
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In recent years, the research approach known as Resilience Engineering (RE) has offered a promising new way of understanding safety-critical organizations, but less in the way of empirical methods for analysis. In this master’s thesis, an extensive comparison was made between RE and two different research approaches on cognitive systems: Distributed Cognition (DC) and Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) with the aim of exploring whether these approaches can contribute to the analysis and understanding of resilience. In addition to a theoretical comparison, an ethnographic healthcare case study was conducted, analyzing the patient safety at a pediatric emergency department using the Three-Level Analytical Framework from DC and the Extended Control Model from CSE, then conducting an RE analysis based on the former two analyses. It was found that while the DC and CSE approaches can explain how an organization adapts to current demands, neither approach fully addresses the issue of future demands anticipation, central to the RE perspective. However, the CSE framework lends itself well as an empirical ground providing the entry points for a more thoroughgoing RE analysis, while the inclusion of physical context in a DC analysis offers valuable insights to safety-related issues that would otherwise be left out in the study of resilience.
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Tahsiri, Mina. "Design behaviour and distributed cognition : a protocol study on the effect of design tools on the process of architectural design thinking." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48227/.
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This thesis, is an explorative research, manifesting factors that influence the relationship between a designer and their design tool. The interest of the thesis is in the epistemic role of a design tool and how it can influence a designer’s thinking in the concept development phase of architectural design. A diversity of views regarding the effect of design tools on design thinking led the thesis to propose a new protocol think-aloud study framework for studying design behaviour based on the theory of Distributed Cognition, where cognition is seen to be distributed between the internal space of the mind and the external space provided by the medium of the design tool. The new framework used in this study, enables the protocol data from the design processes to be categorised and analysed based on the cognitive space they are associated with. It is applied to a case of six architecture students executing three design tasks using a different design tool each time; namely pencil and paper, and 3D modelling software Sketch Up and Rhinoceros 3D. The analysis is carried out qualitatively using a combination of ethnographic observations and representational graphs of the designers’ distributed cognitive activity. The results show that although a difference in design tool may not significantly affect the designer’s productivity in terms of number of ideas created, it affects their management of the task and the dynamics of their design activities. Three factors are identified that can influence a design tool’s effect on design thinking: 1- the amount of information a designer has to deal with in each frame of their design process, 2- the immediate availability of certain functions of a design tool and 3- the cost designers associate with retrieving from errors and mistakes when using a particular design tool. The thesis concludes by recommending further empirical research that use other methods such as brain imaging to complement findings of this study and examine the effect of each of the aforementioned factors on cognitive demand as the next step in the enhancement of design tools as supports for design thinking.
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Mok, Jeffrey Chi Hoe. "How is cognition distributed across a group of students collaborating on a learning task in a technologically enabled classroom in a Japanese university?" Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10141.
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This study investigates a classroom learning activity where students collaborate using technology in a university in Japan. This dissertation adopts an interpretivist perspective using the notions of extended and distributed cognition to study the flow and organisation of information in a classroom. The main source of data comes from repeated classroom observations of 24 group activities, twelve group interviews with students and three individual interviews with teachers in a liberal arts college. The first major outcome of this study is the conceptual mapping of a cognitive system of the classroom, which identifies and illustrates the processes of memory, distribution and information processing. The second outcome is the discovery of how students and teachers use artefact, interaction and cultural tools to leverage their cognitive processes to enhance their cognitive activity, particularly in the processes of memory, distribution and information processing. Other outcomes include the nature of collaboration at five levels of class, group, individual, sub-group and sub sub-group that engender learning interactions and interaction with cognitive artefacts. Another outcome revealed how cognition is distributed via nine distributional media where technological artefacts are leveraged for information on demand and at the same time. At the same time, these outcomes have implications for the development of theory, practice, policy and future research.
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Domino, Madeline Ann. "Three studies of problem solving in collaborative software development." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001428.
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Rönningås, Lina. "Kriskommunikation under covid-19: den tolkade informationsrepresentationen : En policyanalys om informationsöverföring från myndigheter till regionala och lokala aktörer." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-43138.
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Covid-19, also known as the coronavirus, took the world by storm after the outbreak in Wuhan in December 2019. A rapid spread of infection started and it is still ongoing. Many parts of the society are affected, and the flow of information to society has not been as important for long. That information is interpreted and transmitted correctly is of great importance. How are recommendations from responsible authorities interpreted at national level, at regional level, and at local level? This policy study analyzes regulations and documents from national, regional and local levels of society on the basis of the theories Risk and Crisis communication, Distributed Cognition and quality theory. Finally, it contributes to an increased understanding of how public Risk and Crisis communication is interpreted from national to regional and local levels of society during an ongoing pandemic. By analyzing the result with a WPR approach to analysis, the study finds a lack in communication, which leads to the information representation from regional and local society levels not being optimal during a crisis situation like COVID-19. The study finds patterns in the communication that can be improved and one conclusion is that DC can be used as an explanatory model to how information is being spread through different levels of society. Proposals for further research is to examine how DC can be applied in the development of communication for information transfer and how the quality theory can be applied to better the information transfer.COVID-19, även känt som coronaviruset, tog världen med storm efter utbrottet i Wuhan december 2019. En snabb smittspridning startade och pågår fortfarande. Flödet av information till samhället har inte varit så viktig som i detta skede på länge i och med att många delar av samhället påverkas. Att information tolkas och överförs på rätt sätt är av stor betydelse. Hur tolkas information och föreskrifter angående COVID-19 från ansvariga myndigheter på nationell nivå till den regionala och lokala informationsrepresentationen? I denna policystudie analyseras föreskrifter och skrifter från nationella, regionala och lokala aktörer genom att teorierna Risk- och Kriskommunikation, Distributed Cognition (DC) och kvalitetsteori används. Resultatet kan leda till ökad förståelse om hur offentlig risk- och krisinformation tolkas från nationell till regional och lokal nivå under en pågående pandemi. Genom att analysera resultatet med en ’What´s the problem represented to be?’-analys (WPR-analys) finner studien brist i kommunikationen, vilket leder till att informationsrepresentationen från regional och lokal nivå inte är optimal vid en krissituation likt COVID-19. Studien finner mönster i kommunikationen som kan förbättras och en slutsats är att DC kan användas som förklaringsmodell till hur information sprids mellan olika samhällsnivåer. Förslag till vidare forskning är att undersöka hur DC kan tillämpas vid utveckling av kommunikation för informationsöverföring och hur kvalitetsteorin kan tillämpas för att förbättra informationsöverföringen.
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Blomberg, Olle. "AIS i havets och tankens strömmar : En etnografisk studie av nautikers användning av transpondersystemet AIS." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2500.
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An ethnographic study loosely informed by the theoretical framework of distributed cognition was carried out in order to describe how mariners have adopted the Automatic Identification System (AIS) in their work practice, or"made the technology their own". AIS is a transponder-based identification and communication system that allows ships to automatically identify and track each other. In addition to facilitating the identification and tracking of ships, objectives behind the introduction of AIS are to"simplify informational exchange", and"provide additional information to assist situation awareness". Participant observation and interviews were made at four different ships, as well as at two shore stations. A focus group was also held at a maritime conference. The study gave some interesting results. For example, a Problem of Public Information Loss was identified. It is tentatively suggested that this problem has been overlooked partly because of a widespread but impoverished model of communication which does not account for the role of side-participants in a conversation. It is concluded that more research needs to be done on maritime work and the use of new bridge technology.
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Mankowitz, Johanna, and Emelie Vickers. "Är Integrated Thinking framgångsreceptet? : En studie om arbetsmiljö och dess betydelse för Integrated Thinking." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-349232.
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Integrated Thinking är en ny trend inom företagsstyrning. Begreppet är dock mångtydigt och det råder oklarheter i hur organisationer kan nå Integrated Thinking. Studien ämnade att konkretisera begreppets innebörd. Genom användning av ramverket Distributed Cognition for Teamwork genomfördes en fallstudie på ett universitetssjukhus för att även utröna bättre förståelse för hur arbetsmiljö kan skapa förutsättningar för en organisation att nå Integrated Thinking. Studien visar på vikten av god interaktion och samarbete mellan organisationens medlemmar. En platt social struktur är i detta syfte önskvärt. Arbetslokaler utmärker sig skapa goda förutsättningar för interaktion och lärande. I stora organisationer är artefakter och informationsflöden centrala funktioner i integrationen av medlemmar. Studien mynnar ut i definition av Integrated Thinking som en kultur med god integration, lärande och holistisk problemlösning. Slutligen förs en diskussion om definitionen är komplett, samt huruvida Integrated Thinking är möjligt att uppnå.
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Laru, J. (Jari). "Scaffolding learning activities with collaborative scripts and mobile devices." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514299407.
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Abstract The use of mobile devices, including mobile phones and tablets, is a growing trend in education. The practice has been widely technology driven and often justified simply by the importance of using new technology in a classroom and by claiming such devices to be important in reaching something referred to, although not that well defined, as 21st century skills. This thesis is one answer to the challenge represented by this development. It brings together theoretical ideas of scaffolding learning with collaborative scripts and the use of mobile devices as cognitive tools in a real life educational settings. This thesis has constructivist grounds and aims at exploring how to support collaborative learning when students have ill-structured problems and their activities are supported with mobile technologies. The study consists of three case studies, which together form an example of how important it is to design, develop and deliver lightweight digital tools and activities for learners to construct knowledge. Overall, the results of three case studies in this thesis confirms that it is a dubious assumption that learners will automatically take appropriate and measured advantage of the affordances of mobile devices and other emergent technologies involved in cognitive activities: rather, these cognitive tools require deliberate attention and effort from learners to make use of the affordances of the tools. Furthermore, results from the case studies reveal that personal factors such as students’ prior knowledge and their metacognitive and collaborative skills, as well as contextual cues such as cultural compatibility and instructional methods, influence student engagementTiivistelmä Mobiililaitteiden, kuten puhelinten ja tabletien, opetuskäyttö lisääntyy hyvää vauhtia. Aihepiiri on ollut teknologiavetoinen, opetuskäyttöä on perusteltu lähinnä tarkemmin määrittelemättömillä 2000-luvun kansalaistaidoilla (21th century skills) ja uuden teknologian hyödyntämisen tärkeydellä. Tämä väitöskirja on teoreettisesti ja metodologisesti perusteltu vastine tähän keskusteluun. Tutkimus yhdistää pedagogista vaiheistamista ja kognitiivisia työkaluja käsittelevän teoreettisen viitekehyksen kolmeen todellisissa oppimistilanteissa tehtyyn kokeiluun. Työ koostuu kolmesta tapaustutkimuksesta, jotka yhdessä muodostavat esimerkin kuinka mobiililaitteiden avulla tuettua opiskelua voidaan suunnitella ja toteuttaa erilaisissa konteksteissa. Ensimmäisessä tapaustutkimuksessa tutkittiin maantieteellisesti hajautuneen opetusta suunnittelevan yhteisön vuorovaikutusta. Toisessa tapaustutkimuksessa selvitettiin kuinka tukea luontopolkutyöskentelyä mobiilisovellusten avulla. Kolmannessa tapaustutkimuksessa tutkittiin yliopisto-opiskelijoiden opintojen tukemista mobiilin sosiaalisen median sovelluksia hyödyntäen. Kolme tapaustutkimusta osoittavat että oppilaiden ei voida olettaa automaattisesti osaavan hyödyntää uusinta teknologiaa ja pedagogisia menetelmiä opiskelunsa tukena. Päinvastoin, käyttäminen vaatii opiskelijoilta paljon päämäärätietoista ponnistelua. Henkilökohtaiset tekijät, kuten aiemmat kokemukset, opiskelutaidot, mutta myös tilannesidonnaiset tekijät kuten opetusmenetelmät vaikuttavat opiskelijoiden kykyyn hyödyntää uutta teknologiaa opiskelussa
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Gobbin, Renzo, and n/a. "The role of cultural fitness in user resistance to information technology tools." University of Canberra. Information Sciences, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050622.164552.
Full textAbstract:
Human interactions with Information Technology tools are reproducing organisational
cultural patterns in a process similar to the evolution of human tools and language. A multidisciplinary
research in tool-mediated activity, culture, language and cognition will examine
new concepts that can be important for the design of organisationally fit Information
Technology interface tools. By using qualitative and quantitative analysis together with the
fields of anthropology, philosophy, cognitive sciences and human computer interaction this
thesis shows that cultural fitness is an important variable that can determine in a substantial
degree the rejection or adoption of a tool in organisational environment. Qualitative and
quantitative data collected from organisational simulations at the Faculty of Information
Sciences and Engineering of the University of Canberra during the period 1995-1997 has
been used and analysed.
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Stafford, Richard Todd. "A Genealogy of Frankenstein's Creation: Appropriation, Hypermediacy, and Distributed Cognition in Shelley Jackson's Patchwork Girl, Victor Erice's Spirit of the Beehive, and Mary Shelley's Frankenstein." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76983.
Full textAbstract:
Studies of Frankenstein-related cultural, literary, and filmic productions tend to either focus atomistically on a particular cultural artifact or construct rather strict chains of filiation between multiple artifacts. Media scholars have developed rich conceptual resources for describing cross-media appropriations in the realm of fandom (including fan fiction and slash fiction); however, many scholars of digital literary culture tend to describe the relationships between new media artifacts and their print counterparts in terms that promote what is "new" about these media forms without attending to how older media forms anticipate and enter into conversation with electronic multimedia formats. This paper suggests an alternative to this model that emphasizes the extent to which media forms remix, appropriate, and speak through other media and cultural artifacts. Studying Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, James Whale's classic Frankenstein and Bride of Frankenstein films, Victor Erice's Spirit of the Beehive, Bill Condon's Gods and Monsters, Shelley Jackson's Patchwork Girl, and some of the scholarly literature around the Frankenstein narrative, the construction of gender, and the discourse of post- humanity, this paper explores the mechanisms through which these artifacts draw attention to their participation in a greater "body" of Frankenstein culture. Additionally, this paper explores how these artifacts use what Bolter and Grusin have described as the logic of hypermediacy to emphasize the specificity of their deployment through a particular medium into a specific historical situation.Master of Arts
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Miller, Jamie M. "Personal Identity and the Extended Mind: A Critique of Parfitian Reductionism." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1438280650.
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Leibovici, Franck. "Henri Michaux : Voir (une enquête) : prolégomènes à un catalogue raisonné." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10171.
Full textAbstract:
Durant plus de dix années, l’auteur a participé à l’élaboration du catalogue raisonné de l’œuvre peint et dessiné de Henri Michaux. Il utilise cette expérience de terrain pour redécrire, sous un jour nouveau, l’expérience du « voir » (comment voir un dessin de Michaux ?), et l’apprentissage que cela suppose. Différentes disciplines sont mobilisées pour expliciter l’écologie d’une œuvre et ses modes de fonctionnement : poétique, esthétique, sciences cognitives, science studies, anthropologie de l’écriture, ethnométhodologie. Des aller-retours permanents sont effectués entre les textes, les peintures, et les situations d’enregistrement des dessins dans le contexte du catalogue raisonné (les types de « regardement »). Les situations concrètes et quotidiennes, et les problèmes méthodologiques qu’elles engendrent, servent de points de départ aux interrogations de l’enquête, et constituent le socle empirique de l’élaboration théorique qui en découle. La théorie n’est donc, ici, jamais envisagée comme une grille extérieure que l’on plaquerait sur une matière, elle est un mode de recontruction, de l’intérieur, d’une perception permettant de faire saillir, de la façon la plus efficace, les traits pertinents d’un écosystème.La question initiale « comment voir un dessin de Michaux ? » (chapitre I) est dépliée sur plusieurs niveaux. D’abord, en utilisant les ressources des textes, et des dessins - « Qu’est-ce qu’une forme ? » (chapitre II), « Une théorie de l’image » (chapitre III), « L’espace » (chapitre IV). Puis, en s’intéressant aux différents types de vision mobilisables – « Des visions construites » (chapitre V) - et aux méthodologies de classification – « La notion de séries » (chapitre VI)For more than ten years, the author has been taking part to the catalogue raisonné of Henri Michaux. He uses this field experience to redescribe, through a new light, the experience of seeing (how to look at a Michaux drawing ?), and the learning it implies. Various methods are mobilized to explicit the ecology of an artwork and its modes of functionning : poetics, aesthetics, cognitive sciences, science studies, anthropology of writing, ethnométhodology. Back and forth are constantly made between texts, paintings, and recording situations of the drawings in the context of the catalogue raisonné (various types of « regardement »). Concrete and everyday situations, and the methodological problems they generate, are the starting points of the inquiry, et constitute the empirical ground for the theoretical construct which follows. Theory is thus, here, never considered as an outside model, that one would apply on a matter, it is a mode of reconception, from the inside, of a perception making sailient, from the better perspective, the relevant features of an ecosystem.The genuine question « how to look at a Michaux drawing ? » (chapter I) is unfold on different levels. First, by using texts and drawings ressources - « What is a form ? » (chapter II), « A theory of Image » (chapter III), « Space » (chapter IV). Then, by studying different types of usually mobilized seeing – « Constructed visions » (chapter V) – and different methodologies of classification – « Notion of series » (chapter VI)