Journal articles on the topic 'Distributed 3D printing'
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Chen, Y. "Advantages of 3D Printing for Circular Economy and Its Influence on Designers." Proceedings of the Design Society 2 (May 2022): 991–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.101.
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AbstractBased on the theoretical research of 3D printing and circular economy, combined with case studies, this paper analyzes the advantages of 3D printing in realizing circular economy and its influence on designers from the perspectives of “reduce”, “reuse”, “recycle” and distributed manufacturing. As a technological innovation, 3D printing not only promoted the transformation from linear economy to circular economy, but also had a certain impact on the role and skills of traditional designers.
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Shi, Ce, Lin Zhang, Jingeng Mai, and Zhen Zhao. "3D printing process selection model based on triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers in cloud manufacturing." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 08, no. 02 (December 22, 2016): 1750028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962317500283.
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The distributed and customized 3D printing can be realized by 3D printing services in a cloud manufacturing environment. As a growing number of 3D printers are becoming accessible on various 3D printing service platforms, there raises the concern over the validation of virtual product designs and their manufacturing procedures for novices as well as users with 3D printing experience before physical products are produced through the cloud platform. This paper presents a 3D model to help users validate their designs and requirements not only in the traditional digital 3D model properties like shape and size, but also in physical material properties and manufacturing properties when producing physical products like surface roughness, print accuracy and part cost. These properties are closely related to the process of 3D printing and materials. In order to establish the 3D model, the paper analyzes the model of the 3D printing process selection in the cloud platform. Triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are applied to generate a set of 3D printers with the same process and material. Based on the 3D printing process selection model, users can establish the 3D model and validate their designs and requirements on physical material properties and manufacturing properties before printing physical products.
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Isnain, Auliya Rahman, Qadhli Jafar Adrian, and Ade Dwi Putra. "Digital Printing Training for Design at Students of SMK Budi Karya Natar." Journal of Engineering and Information Technology for Community Service 1, no. 3 (January 1, 2023): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33365/jeit-cs.v1i3.205.
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The presence of technology in our lives if used positively, actually brings many benefits. No exception to support and maximize a business. Following the rapid development of digital, business competition is getting tougher. Figma is one of the design tools and the advantage of Figma is web based. Illustrations on the figma are created with basic shapes and editing tools available. We can use the edit object to manipulate the nodes as needed. The purpose of the PKM activity entitled introduction to design technology and 3D printing is to provide knowledge to students and teachers about design technology and 3D printing technology and the benefits obtained in the use of design technology and 3D printing. From the results of the questionnaire, knowledge about 3D Printing technology that was distributed before the activity and after the activity there was an increase in student and teacher knowledge about 3D Printing technology from those who knew 50% before the PKM activity, after this activity increased to 100% knowing about 3D Printing technology.
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Li, Simeng, Liang Hao, Qiaoyu Chen, Lu Zhang, Ping Gong, Zhaohui Huang, Dongchen Huang, Ping Nie, and Hua Dong. "Open Design and 3D Printing of Face Shields: The Case Study of a UK-China Initiative." Strategic Design Research Journal 13, no. 3 (December 23, 2020): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/sdrj.2020.133.17.
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At the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, many countries lacked personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect healthcare workers. To address this problem, open design and 3D printing technologies were adopted to provide much-in-need PPEs for key workers. This paper reports an initiative by designers and engineers in the UK and China. The case study approach and content analysis method were used to study the stakeholders, the design process, and other relevant issues such as regulation. Good practice and lessons were summarised, and suggestions for using distributed 3D printing to supply PPEs were made. It concludes that 3D printing has played an important role in producing PPEs when there was a shortage of supply, and distributed manufacturing has the potential to quickly respond to local small-bench production needs. In the future, clearer specification, better match of demands and supply, and quicker evaluation against relevant regulations will provide efficiency and quality assurance for 3D printed PPE supplies.
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Cong, Lu. "Development and Application of 3D Printing Technology in Industrial Design." Learning & Education 10, no. 5 (March 13, 2022): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i5.2697.
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Internet technology promotes the transformation of social cooperation, and the rise of small organizations and
distributed design behavior seem to be the inevitable trend. As a rapid prototyping process, 3D printing technology based on
artificial intelligence technology will definitely bring revolutionary changes to the future manufacturing industry. This paper
mainly analyzes the innovative application of 3D printing technology in industrial product design, explores the application of 3D
printing technology in industrial design, lays a stable foundation and provides a strong driving force for the all-round and good
development of China’s industry, and hopes to improve the production quality of industrial products and provide corresponding
reference. D printing technology is one of the technical paths to realize Industry 4.0.
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Ullah, AMM Sharif, Doriana Marilena D’Addona, Yusuke Seto, Shota Yonehara, and Akihiko Kubo. "Utilizing Fractals for Modeling and 3D Printing of Porous Structures." Fractal and Fractional 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract5020040.
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Porous structures exhibiting randomly sized and distributed pores are required in biomedical applications (producing implants), materials science (developing cermet-based materials with desired properties), engineering applications (objects having controlled mass and energy transfer properties), and smart agriculture (devices for soilless cultivation). In most cases, a scaffold-based method is used to design porous structures. This approach fails to produce randomly sized and distributed pores, which is a pressing need as far as the aforementioned application areas are concerned. Thus, more effective porous structure design methods are required. This article presents how to utilize fractal geometry to model porous structures and then print them using 3D printing technology. A mathematical procedure was developed to create stochastic point clouds using the affine maps of a predefined Iterative Function Systems (IFS)-based fractal. In addition, a method is developed to modify a given IFS fractal-generated point cloud. The modification process controls the self-similarity levels of the fractal and ultimately results in a model of porous structure exhibiting randomly sized and distributed pores. The model can be transformed into a 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model using voxel-based modeling or other means for digitization and 3D printing. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated by transforming the Sierpinski Carpet (an IFS-based fractal) into 3D-printed porous structures with randomly sized and distributed pores. Other IFS-based fractals than the Sierpinski Carpet can be used to model and fabricate porous structures effectively. This issue remains open for further research.
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Chen, Zhen. "The Influence of 3D Printing on Global Container Multimodal Transport System." Complexity 2017 (2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7849670.
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Container multimodal transport system was an important promoter of postwar globalization. But in the future, part of global manufacturing may change from centralized to distributed due to 3D printing. To evaluate its impact, this research established a system dynamics model of sneakers supply chain firstly. The modeling showed that the total demand of international transport would decline after the application of 3D printing. For consumer country, the return of manufacturing would increase its container business. And that of producer country would reduce correspondingly. But for resource country, its resource exports would decline, while its container business may grow for the local processing of printing filaments. Secondly, the evaluations based on the data of Guangzhou port suggest that the 3D printing of sneakers was not enough to subvert the existing system. It would be broken only after the 3D printing of electrical products. By then, more manufacturing activities would transfer to the end of supply chain. On the other hand, producer country may actively respond to maintain its advantage in incumbent industrial pattern, such as Belt and Road initiative proposed by China. Deglobalization, caused by 3D printing, and globalization strengthening, caused by trade cooperation, will affect this system simultaneously.
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Xu, Wen Jin. "Data Flow Analysis on 3D Printing for Distributed Manufacturing Information System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.543.
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3D printing is a new kind technology with great future. As a new processing technology in the intelligent manufacturing, it will change the way of mass production assembly line as the representative of the second industrial revolution. At the same time, distributed production need new data flow strategy and new network for big data. In this article, we introduced the research for the distributed manufacture network and data flow analysis.
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Mai, Jingeng, Lin Zhang, Fei Tao, and Lei Ren. "Customized production based on distributed 3D printing services in cloud manufacturing." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 84, no. 1-4 (October 14, 2015): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7871-y.
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Zhou, Longfei, Lin Zhang, Yuanjun Laili, Chun Zhao, and Yingying Xiao. "Multi-task scheduling of distributed 3D printing services in cloud manufacturing." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 96, no. 9-12 (February 27, 2018): 3003–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1543-z.
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Little, Helen A., Nagendra G. Tanikella, Matthew J. Reich, Matthew J. Fiedler, Samantha L. Snabes, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Towards Distributed Recycling with Additive Manufacturing of PET Flake Feedstocks." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 4273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194273.
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This study explores the potential to reach a circular economy for post-consumer Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (rPET) packaging and bottles by using it as a Distributed Recycling for Additive Manufacturing (DRAM) feedstock. Specifically, for the first time, rPET water bottle flake is processed using only an open source toolchain with Fused Particle Fabrication (FPF) or Fused Granular Fabrication (FGF) processing rather than first converting it to filament. In this study, first the impact of granulation, sifting, and heating (and their sequential combination) is quantified on the shape and size distribution of the rPET flakes. Then 3D printing tests were performed on the rPET flake with two different feed systems: an external feeder and feed tube augmented with a motorized auger screw, and an extruder-mounted hopper that enables direct 3D printing. Two Gigabot X machines were used, each with the different feed systems, and one without and the latter with extended part cooling. 3D print settings were optimized based on thermal characterization, and both systems were shown to 3D print rPET directly from shredded water bottles. Mechanical testing showed the importance of isolating rPET from moisture and that geometry was important for uniform extrusion. The mechanical strength of 3D-printed parts with FPF and inconsistent flow is lower than optimized fused filament, but adequate for a wide range of applications. Future work is needed to improve consistency and enable water bottles to be used as a widespread DRAM feedstock.
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Zhang, Chenglei, Cunshan Zhang, Jiaojiao Zhuang, Hu Han, Bo Yuan, Jiajia Liu, Kang Yang, Shenle Zhuang, and Ronglan Li. "Evaluation of Cloud 3D Printing Order Task Execution Based on the AHP-TOPSIS Optimal Set Algorithm and the Baldwin Effect." Micromachines 12, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12070801.
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Focusing on service control factors, rapid changes in manufacturing environments, the difficulty of resource allocation evaluation, resource optimization for 3D printing services (3DPSs) in cloud manufacturing environments, and so on, an indicator evaluation framework is proposed for the cloud 3D printing (C3DP) order task execution process based on a Pareto optimal set algorithm that is optimized and evaluated for remotely distributed 3D printing equipment resources. Combined with the multi-objective method of data normalization, an optimization model for C3DP order execution based on the Pareto optimal set algorithm is constructed with these agents’ dynamic autonomy and distributed processing. This model can perform functions such as automatic matching and optimization of candidate services, and it is dynamic and reliable in the C3DP order task execution process based on the Pareto optimal set algorithm. Finally, a case study is designed to test the applicability and effectiveness of the C3DP order task execution process based on the analytic hierarchy process and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (AHP-TOPSIS) optimal set algorithm and the Baldwin effect.
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Zhou, Yiqun, Keenan Mintz, Cagri Oztan, Sajini Hettiarachchi, Zhili Peng, Elif Seven, Piumi Liyanage, Sabrina De La Torre, Emrah Celik, and Roger Leblanc. "Embedding Carbon Dots in Superabsorbent Polymers for Additive Manufacturing." Polymers 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10080921.
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A type of orange carbon dots (O-CDs) synthesized via an ultrasonication route with citric acid and 1,2-phenylenediamine as precursors was embedded into sodium polyacrylate (SPA) as the ink for 3D printing. Characterizations of these spherical O-CDs revealed an ultra-small size (~2 nm) and excitation-independent, but solvent dependent, emission. The O-CDs were evenly distributed with low degree of aggregation in sodium polyacrylate (SPA), which was achieved due to the property that SPA can absorb water together with O-CDs. The 3D printed photoluminescent objective with the ink revealed a great potential for high yield application of these materials for additive manufacturing. This also represents the first time, bare CDs have been reported as a photoluminescent material in 3D printing, as well as the first time SPA has been reported as a material for 3D printing.
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Li, Ping, Fang Fang, Xu Qiu, Nan Xu, Yan Wang, Wen-Bin Ouyang, Feng-Wen Zhang, Hai-Bo Hu, and Xiang-Bin Pan. "Personalized Three-Dimensional Printing and Echoguided Procedure Facilitate Single Device Closure for Multiple Atrial Septal Defects." Journal of Interventional Cardiology 2020 (April 27, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1751025.
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Background. To evaluate the feasibility of using a single device to close multiple atrial septal defects (ASDs) under the guidance of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and with the aid of three-dimensional (3D) printing models. Methods. Sixty-two patients with multiple ASDs were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty of these patients underwent TTE-guided closure (3D printing and TTE group) after a simulation of occlusion in 3D printing models. The remaining 32 patients underwent ASD closure under fluoroscopic guidance (conventional group). Closure status was assessed immediately and at 6 months after device closure. Results. Successful transcatheter closure with a single device was achieved in 26 patients in the 3D printing and TTE group and 27 patients in the conventional group. Gender, age [18.8 ± 15.9 (3–51) years in the 3D printing and TTE group; 14.0 ± 11.6 (3–50) years in the conventional group], mean maximum distance between defects, prevalence of 3 atrial defects and large defect distance (defined as distance ≥7 mm), and occluder size used were similarly distributed between groups. However, the 3D printing and TTE group had lower frequency of occluder replacement (3.8% vs 59.3%, p<0.0001), prevalence of mild residual shunts (defined as <5 mm) immediately (19.2% vs 44.4%, p<0.05) and at 6 months (7.7% vs 29.6%, p<0.05) after the procedure, and cost (32960.8 ± 2018.7 CNY vs 41019.9 ± 13758.2 CNY, p<0.01). Conclusion. The combination of the 3D printing technology and ultrasound-guided interventional procedure provides a reliable new therapeutic approach for multiple ASDs, especially for challenging cases with large defect distance.
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Beltrán, Freddys R., Marina P. Arrieta, Eduardo Moreno, Gerald Gaspar, Luisa M. Muneta, Ruth Carrasco-Gallego, Susana Yáñez, David Hidalgo-Carvajal, María U. de la Orden, and Joaquín Martínez Urreaga. "Evaluation of the Technical Viability of Distributed Mechanical Recycling of PLA 3D Printing Wastes." Polymers 13, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081247.
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3D printing PLA wastes were recovered from a well-known reference grade and from different sources. The recovered wastes were subjected to an energic washing step and then reprocessed into films by melt-extrusion, followed by compression molding to simulate the industrial processing conditions. The obtained materials were characterized and the optical, structural, thermal and crystallization behavior are reported. The mechanical recycling process leads to an increase of the crystallinity and a decrease of the intrinsic viscosity of the formulations, particularly in the sample based on blends of different 3D-PLA wastes. Moreover, the obtained films were disintegrated under composting conditions in less than one month and it was observed that recycled materials degrade somewhat faster than the starting 3D-PLA filament, as a consequence of the presence of shorter polymer chains. Finally, to increase the molecular weight of the recycled materials, the 3D-PLA wastes were submitted to a solid-state polymerization process at 110, 120, and 130 °C, observing that the recycled 3D-wastes materials based on a well-known reference grade experiences an improvement of the intrinsic viscosity, while that coming from different sources showed no significant changes. Thus, the results show that 3D printing PLA products provides an ideal environment for the implementation of distributed recycling program, in which wastes coming from well-known PLA grades can successfully be processed in films with good overall performance.
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Pollet, Andreas M. A. O., Erik F. G. A. Homburg, Ruth Cardinaels, and Jaap M. J. den Toonder. "3D Sugar Printing of Networks Mimicking the Vasculature." Micromachines 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11010043.
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The vasculature plays a central role as the highway of the body, through which nutrients and oxygen as well as biochemical factors and signals are distributed by blood flow. Therefore, understanding the flow and distribution of particles inside the vasculature is valuable both in healthy and disease-associated networks. By creating models that mimic the microvasculature fundamental knowledge can be obtained about these parameters. However, microfabrication of such models remains a challenging goal. In this paper we demonstrate a promising 3D sugar printing method that is capable of recapitulating the vascular network geometry with a vessel diameter range of 1 mm down to 150 µm. For this work a dedicated 3D printing setup was built that is capable of accurately printing the sugar glass material with control over fibre diameter and shape. By casting of printed sugar glass networks in PDMS and dissolving the sugar glass, perfusable networks with circular cross-sectional channels are obtained. Using particle image velocimetry, analysis of the flow behaviour was conducted showing a Poisseuille flow profile inside the network and validating the quality of the printing process.
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Rodzeń, Krzysztof, Preetam K. Sharma, Alistair McIlhagger, Mozaffar Mokhtari, Foram Dave, David Tormey, Richard Sherlock, Brian J. Meenan, and Adrian Boyd. "The Direct 3D Printing of Functional PEEK/Hydroxyapatite Composites via a Fused Filament Fabrication Approach." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040545.
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The manufacture of polyetheretherketone/hydroxyapatite (PEEK/HA) composites is seen as a viable approach to help enhance direct bone apposition in orthopaedic implants. A range of methods have been used to produce composites, including Selective Laser Sintering and injection moulding. Such techniques have drawbacks and lack flexibility to manufacture complex, custom-designed implants. 3D printing gets around many of the restraints and provides new opportunities for innovative solutions that are structurally suited to meet the needs of the patient. This work reports the direct 3D printing of extruded PEEK/HA composite filaments via a Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) approach. In this work samples are 3D printed by a custom modified commercial printer Ultimaker 2+ (UM2+). SEM-EDX and µCT analyses show that HA particles are evenly distributed throughout the bulk and across the surface of the native 3D printed samples, with XRD highlighting up to 50% crystallinity and crystalline domains clearly observed in SEM and HR-TEM analyses. This highlights the favourable temperature conditions during 3D printing. The yield stress and ultimate tensile strength obtained for all the samples are comparable to human femoral cortical bone. The results show how FFF 3D printing of PEEK/HA composites up to 30 wt% HA can be achieved.
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Fries, David, and Geran Barton. "3D MICROSENSOR IMAGING ARRAYS NETWORKS." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (January 1, 2015): 000348–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-ta33.
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2D microsensor arrays can permit spatial distribution measurements of the sensed parameter and enable high resolution sensing visualizations. Measuring constituents in a flowing media, such as air or liquid could benefit from such flow through or flow across imaging systems. These flow imagers can have applications in mobile robotics and non-visible imagery, and alternate mechanical systems of perception, process control and environmental observations. In order to create rigid-conformal, large area imaging systems we have in the past merged flexible PCB substrates with rigid constructions from 3D printing. This approach merges the 2D flexible electronics world of printed circuits with the 3D printed packaging world. Extending this 2D flow imaging concept into the third dimension permits 3D flow imaging networks, architectures and designs and can create a new class of sensing systems. Using 3D printing, 3D printed filaments, nets and microsensor cages, can be combined into integrated designs to generate distributed 3D imaging networks and camera systems for a variety of sensory applications.
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Liu, Sufan, and Bo Li. "Design of 3D-printed metal micro-truss porous configurations with geometric inhomogeneity." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2383, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2383/1/012026.
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The metal micro-truss porous structures demonstrate industrial application values in lightweight, high specific strength, impact resistance and energy absorption. 3D printing brings a feasible path to design and directly fabricate metal micro-truss parts. Spatially geometrically uniformly distributed and unit-symmetrically arrayed porous structures still need to further improve the structural performance. This work studies the design principles and several design cases of geometrically non-uniform micro-truss porous structures via metal 3D printing method. The high-stress localized micro-regions are filled with denser and more reinforced micro-truss cell arrays that conform to the main loading direction of localized stress.
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Catana, Maria, and Simona-Nicoleta Mazurchevici. "CHARACTERIZATION OF BICOMPONENT 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES OF BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS." International Journal of Manufacturing Economics and Management 2, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmem.2022.2.2.18.
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Reducing the effect of human activities on the environment, natural resources and public health has become one of the essential concerns of researchers around the world. Biodegradable materials are suitable alternatives to petrochemical-derived materials and have essential roles in environmental protection due to reduced use of fossil-based raw materials and decreased carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, there is a growing interest in biodegradable materials, which degrade faster than conventional materials. The current study aims to analyze the use of biodegradable polymer materials in Additive Manufacturing, through bi-component 3D printing. In Additive Manufacturing-AM, parts are manufactured layer by layer with minimal allocation for finishing operations. Because AM enables greater material savings than traditional processes, 3D printing can be considered a distributed manufacturing technology to improve sustainability and the circular economy worldwide.
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Andreadis, Ioannis I., Christos I. Gioumouxouzis, Georgios K. Eleftheriadis, and Dimitrios G. Fatouros. "The Advent of a New Era in Digital Healthcare: A Role for 3D Printing Technologies in Drug Manufacturing?" Pharmaceutics 14, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030609.
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The technological revolution has physically affected all manufacturing domains, at the gateway of the fourth industrial revolution. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has already shown its potential in this new reality, exhibiting remarkable applications in the production of drug delivery systems. As part of this concept, personalization of the dosage form by means of individualized drug dose or improved formulation functionalities has concentrated global research efforts. Beyond the manufacturing level, significant parameters must be considered to promote the real-time manufacturing of pharmaceutical products in distributed areas. The majority of current research activities is focused on formulating 3D-printed drug delivery systems while showcasing different scenarios of installing 3D printers in patients’ houses, hospitals, and community pharmacies, as well as in pharmaceutical industries. Such research presents an array of parameters that must be considered to integrate 3D printing in a future healthcare system, with special focus on regulatory issues, drug shortages, quality assurance of the product, and acceptability of these scenarios by healthcare professionals and public parties. The objective of this review is to critically present the spectrum of possible scenarios of 3D printing implementation in future healthcare and to discuss the inevitable issues that must be addressed.
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Korkees, Feras, James Allenby, and Peter Dorrington. "3D printing of composites: design parameters and flexural performance." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 4 (January 24, 2020): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-07-2019-0188.
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Purpose 3D printing of composites has a high degree of design freedom, which allows for the manufacture of complex shapes that cannot be achieved with conventional manufacturing processes. This paper aims to assess the design variables that might affect the mechanical properties of 3D-printed fibre-reinforced composites. Design/methodology/approach Markforged Mark-Two printers were used to manufacture samples using nylon 6 and carbon fibres. The effect of fibre volume fraction, fibre layer location and fibre orientation has been studied using three-point flexural testing. Findings The flexural strength and stiffness of the 3D-printed composites increased with increasing the fibre volume fraction. The flexural properties were altered by the position of the fibre layers. The highest strength and stiffness were observed with the reinforcement evenly distributed about the neutral axis of the sample. Moreover, unidirectional fibres provided the best flexural performance compared to the other orientations. 3D printed composites also showed various failure modes under bending loads. Originality/value Despite multiple studies available on 3D-printed composites, there does not seem to be a clear understanding and consensus on how the location of the fibre layers can affect the mechanical properties and printing versatility. Therefore, this study covered this design parameter and evaluated different locations in terms of mechanical properties and printing characteristics. This is to draw final conclusions on how 3D printing may be used to manufacture cost-effective, high-quality parts with excellent mechanical performance.
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Guo, Qi, and Ludan Zhang. "Paracetamol Research and New Formulation Design." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 1, no. 3 (June 15, 2022): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v1i3.527.
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Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is the main metabolite of phenacetin and is a derivative of acetanilide. It is a commonly used antipyretic and analgesic drug. Acetaminophen is rapidly and completely absorbed orally in body fluids Evenly distributed in the medium, but inappropriate doses can lead to serious side effects - liver toxicity. With the development of technology, 3D printing technology shows great potential in personalized drug delivery. It can not only print medicines with different doses quickly and conveniently, but also design integrated tablets with multiple independent release mechanisms according to the needs of patients. This paper aims to use 3D printing technology to solve the problem of side effects caused by individual differences, so as to prepare safe, effective and personalized pharmaceutical preparations.
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Hu, Xueyan, Yuan Man, Wenfang Li, Liying Li, Jie Xu, Roxanne Parungao, Yiwei Wang, et al. "3D Bio-Printing of CS/Gel/HA/Gr Hybrid Osteochondral Scaffolds." Polymers 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2019): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101601.
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Cartilage is an important tissue contributing to the structure and function of support and protection in the human body. There are many challenges for tissue cartilage repair. However, 3D bio-printing of osteochondral scaffolds provides a promising solution. This study involved preparing bio-inks with different proportions of chitosan (Cs), Gelatin (Gel), and Hyaluronic acid (HA). The rheological properties of each bio-ink was used to identify the optimal bio-ink for printing. To improve the mechanical properties of the bio-scaffold, Graphene (GR) with a mass ratio of 0.024, 0.06, and 0.1% was doped in the bio-ink. Bio-scaffolds were prepared using 3D printing technology. The mechanical strength, water absorption rate, porosity, and degradation rate of the bio-scaffolds were compared to select the most suitable scaffold to support the proliferation and differentiation of cells. P3 Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were inoculated onto the bio-scaffolds to study the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. The results of SEM showed that the Cs/Gel/HA scaffolds with a GR content of 0, 0.024, 0.06, and 0.1% had a good three-dimensional porous structure and interpenetrating pores, and a porosity of more than 80%. GR was evenly distributed on the scaffold as observed by energy spectrum analyzer and polarizing microscope. With increasing GR content, the mechanical strength of the scaffold was enhanced, and pore walls became thicker and smoother. BMSCs were inoculated on the different scaffolds. The cells distributed and extended well on Cs/Gel/HA/GR scaffolds. Compared to traditional methods in tissue-engineering, this technique displays important advantages in simulating natural cartilage with the ability to finely control the mechanical and chemical properties of the scaffold to support cell distribution and proliferation for tissue repair.
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Novak, James I., and Jennifer Loy. "A critical review of initial 3D printed products responding to COVID-19 health and supply chain challenges." Emerald Open Research 2 (May 13, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13697.1.
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The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased demand for medical and protective equipment by frontline health workers, as well as the general community, causing the supply chain to stretch beyond capacity, an issue further heightened by geographical and political lockdowns. Various 3D printing technologies were quickly utilised by businesses, institutions and individuals to manufacture a range of products on-demand, close to where they were needed. This study gathered data about 91 3D printed projects initiated prior to April 1, 2020, as the virus spread globally. It found that 60% of products were for personal protective equipment, of which 62% were 3D printed face shields. Fused filament fabrication was the most common 3D print technology used, and websites were the most popular means of centralising project information. The project data provides objective, quantitative insight balanced with qualitative critical review of the broad trends, opportunities and challenges that could be used by governments, health and medical bodies, manufacturing organisations and the 3D printing community to streamline the current response, as well as plan for future crises using a distributed, flexible manufacturing approach.
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Murmura, Federica, and Laura Bravi. "Additive manufacturing in the wood-furniture sector." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 29, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 350–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-08-2017-0175.
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Purpose In the world economy there is the emergence of advanced manufacturing technologies that are enabling more cost and resource-efficient small-scale production. Among them, additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is leading companies to rethink where and how they conduct their manufacturing activities. The purpose of this paper is to focus in the Italian wood-furniture industry to understand if the companies in this sector are investing in additive manufacturing techniques, to remain competitive in their reference markets. The research also attempts to investigate the potential sustainable benefits and limitations to the implementation of 3D printing in this specific sector, considering the companies that have already implemented this technology. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a structured questionnaire survey performed on a sample of 234 Italian companies in this sector; 76 companies claimed to use 3D printing in their production system. The questionnaire was distributed via computer-assisted web interviewing and it consisted of four sections. Findings The research has highlighted how Italian 3D companies have a specific profile; they are companies aimed at innovating through the search for new products and product features, putting design and Made in Italy in the first place. They pay high attention to the image they communicate to the market and are highly oriented to the final customer, and to the satisfaction of its needs. Originality/value The study is attempting to expand a recent and unexplored research line on the possible advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of emerging production technologies such as 3D printing.
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Promakhov, Vladimir, Alexey Matveev, Artem Babaev, Nikita Schulz, Nikita Toropkov, Alexander Vorozhtsov, and Marat Lerner. "3D Printing Using Ti-Al Nanopowders: Mechanisms of Structure Formation." Metals 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2022): 1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12101737.
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In the presented research work, 3D materials were fabricated by additive moulding by means of extrusion of a mixture of high filled polymers and nanopowders of Ti-Al intermetallides with subsequent sintering at 1100 ± 20 °C, 1200 ± 20 °C and 1250 ± 20 °C (MEAM-HP process). Nanopowders of Ti-Al intermetallides were obtained by the electrical explosion of intertwined aluminium and titanium wires. It was found that the structure of the materials comprises an AlTi matrix with Ti2AlN MAX-phase particles distributed within it, surrounded by a composite layer of Ti3Al-Ti2AlN. Sintering temperature increases led to changes in the concentration of TiAl, Ti3Al and Ti2AlN phases in the samples. Besides that, aluminium oxide particles were discovered in the structure of the materials. It was found that as the sintering temperature was increased from 1100 ± 20 °C to 1250 ± 20 °C, the average microhardness of the samples increased from 193 to 690 HV0.1.
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Rousseau, Roman, Diba Ayache, Nicolas Maurin, Wioletta Trzpil, Michael Bahriz, and Aurore Vicet. "Monolithic Double Resonator for Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052094.
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A new approach for Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy is presented, based on an acoustic excitation from the outside of the prongs of a quartz tuning fork, to increase the sensitivity of the sensor. For this purpose, we introduce a monolithic acoustic double-resonator (double-mR) in a T-shape configuration, using 3D printing. It was modelized and experimentally characterized using a 1392 nm distributed feedback laser diode, targeting a water vapor absorption line. The setup showed a two-factor enhancement of the signal, compared to a classical off-beam QEPAS approach and confirmed the strong interest of photolithographic printing techniques for acoustic developments.
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Sorimpuk, N. P., W. H. Choong, and B. L. Chua. "Design of thermoformable three dimensional-printed PLA cast for fractured wrist." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1217, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1217/1/012002.
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Abstract Patient specific plastic cast for broken limbs has been developed recently in pharmaceutical field through three-dimensional (3D) printing method. However, the production of a 3D printed cast through normal 3D printing method is time consuming compared to conventional plaster casting. In this study, a design of ventilated structured thermoformable 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) cast was produced as an alternative for the 3D printed cast production method. This design was initially printed in a flat shape and then transformed into a cast which can be fitted to the user’s arm by using heat and external force. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method was used to assess the mechanical properties of the proposed cast. In this analysis, thethermoformable design was exerted with a distributed force of 400 N, which is larger than the loading conditions encountered by human in their daily life. The mechanical properties of the thermoformable PLA cast such as local displacement under a specific load, maximum load, and stress were evaluated. Results were compared with the mechanical properties of Plaster of Paris cast. The results obtained from the FEA indicates that at the same layer thickness, the thermoformable 3D-printed PLA cast is stronger than the Plaster of Paris cast.
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Chen, Xinxing, Aidan P. O’Mahony, and Tracie Barber. "Spreading behavior of cell-laden droplets in 3D bioprinting process." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 014701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0130063.
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3D droplet-based bioprinting technology is an innovative and time-saving additive manufacturing method, which enables spatial patterning of biological materials and biochemical and living cells for multiple clinical and research applications. Understanding the criteria that control droplet spreading behavior during droplet impact is of great importance in controlling printing resolution and optimizing the printing performance. In this experimental work, the spreading of 3D printed cell-laden droplets was studied with side and bottom view images. The droplets contain [Formula: see text] cells/ml input cell concentration and corresponding [Formula: see text] cell volume fraction and impact onto a flat hydrophilic substrate, a pre-printed droplet, and a pre-printed thin liquid film. The cell-laden droplet impact morphology, the maximum spreading factor, and the cell distribution under different printing conditions ([Formula: see text]) in a 3D bioprinting process were characterized. It was found that on the hydrophilic flat substrate, the cells homogeneously distributed into a disk structure. The maximum spreading factor, [Formula: see text], can be well described by the correlation formulas based on the energy balance and volume conservation. A power-law scaling formula was found to describe the maximum spreading in terms of the Weber number for cell-laden droplet impact on both pre-printed droplets and thin liquid films, where [Formula: see text]. Input cell concentration, up to [Formula: see text] cells/ml, was found to have negligible effect on the maximum droplet spreading factor in a 3D bioprinting process.
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Peeters, Bob, Nadine Kiratli, and Janjaap Semeijn. "A barrier analysis for distributed recycling of 3D printing waste: Taking the maker movement perspective." Journal of Cleaner Production 241 (December 2019): 118313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118313.
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Weng, Tingting, Wei Zhang, Yilan Xia, Pan Wu, Min Yang, Ronghua Jin, Sizhan Xia, et al. "3D bioprinting for skin tissue engineering: Current status and perspectives." Journal of Tissue Engineering 12 (January 2021): 204173142110285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20417314211028574.
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Skin and skin appendages are vulnerable to injury, requiring rapidly reliable regeneration methods. In recent years, 3D bioprinting has shown potential for wound repair and regeneration. 3D bioprinting can be customized for skin shape with cells and other materials distributed precisely, achieving rapid and reliable production of bionic skin substitutes, therefore, meeting clinical and industrial requirements. Additionally, it has excellent performance with high resolution, flexibility, reproducibility, and high throughput, showing great potential for the fabrication of tissue-engineered skin. This review introduces the common techniques of 3D bioprinting and their application in skin tissue engineering, focusing on the latest research progress in skin appendages (hair follicles and sweat glands) and vascularization, and summarizes current challenges and future development of 3D skin printing.
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Liu, Lin Lin, Zai Rong Feng, and Chang Xing Wang. "Performance Research and Structure Optimize on Printing Cylinder Based on Finite Element Contact Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.323.
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This paper concerns printing cylinders of offset press. In addition to research mechanism of the printing pressure, the paper employs finite element analysis and distance-anti-calculating to simulate the status of contacted contacting-cylinders. Deflection curves in axial and circumferential and the 3D model on deflection of cylinder are get. The result shows that in printing course, under the influence of gravity and printing pressure, the flexural deformation of cylinder is caused in the axial direction. besides, while printing pressure is applied to circumferential different position of printing cylinder, because of complex sectional construction，circumferential deformation is also inconsistent, so printing pressure is distributed asymmetrically that printing pressure is not only no-uniform in axial, but also wave-like periods in circumferential. The paper optimizes cylinder structure and proposes a new cylinder with pterygoid stiffeners of heterogeneous distribution. Simulation results show that the circumferential flexural curve of the optimized cylinder is obviously smooth than the original one, and the flexural distortion of the circumferential location point corresponding decreases, which indicates the anti-bending stiffness of optimized cylinder is enhanced as well as the flexural deformation is reduced, and the value of the different circumferential position’s printing pressure tends to be uniform. The maldistribution of the circumferential position’s printing pressure is improved effectively, which contributed to the improvement of printing quality.
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Camacho, Paula, Matthew Fainor, Kelly B. Seims, John W. Tolbert, and Lesley W. Chow. "Fabricating spatially functionalized 3D-printed scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering." Journal of Biological Methods 8, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): e146. http://dx.doi.org/10.14440/jbm.2021.353.
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing of biodegradable polymers has rapidly become a popular approach to create scaffolds for tissue engineering. This technique enables fabrication of complex architectures and layer-by-layer spatial control of multiple components with high resolution. The resulting scaffolds can also present distinct chemical groups or bioactive cues on the surface to guide cell behavior. However, surface functionalization often includes one or more post-fabrication processing steps, which typically produce biomaterials with homogeneously distributed chemistries that fail to mimic the biochemical organization found in native tissues. As an alternative, our laboratory developed a novel method that combines solvent-cast 3D printing with peptide-polymer conjugates to spatially present multiple biochemical cues in a single scaffold without requiring post-fabrication modification. Here, we describe a detailed, stepwise protocol to fabricate peptide-functionalized scaffolds and characterize their physical architecture and biochemical spatial organization. We used these 3D-printed scaffolds to direct human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and osteochondral tissue formation by controlling the spatial presentation of cartilage-promoting and bone-promoting peptides. This protocol also describes how to seed scaffolds and evaluate matrix deposition driven by peptide organization.
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Chaudhuri, Atanu, Hussein Naseraldin, Peder Veng Søberg, Ehud Kroll, and Michael Librus. "Should hospitals invest in customised on-demand 3D printing for surgeries?" International Journal of Operations & Production Management 41, no. 1 (November 16, 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-05-2020-0277.
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PurposeThe purpose of this research is to (1) analyse the effect of customised on-demand 3DP on surgical flow time, its variability and clinical outcomes (2) provide a framework for hospitals to decide whether to invest in 3DP or to outsource.Design/methodology/approachThe research design included interviews, workshops and field visits. Design science approach was used to analyse the impact of the 3D printing (3DP) interventions on specific outcomes and to develop frameworks for hospitals to invest in 3DP, which were validated through further interviews with stakeholders.FindingsEvidence from this research shows that deploying customised on-demand 3DP can reduce surgical flow time and its variability while improving clinical outcomes. Such outcomes are obtained due to rapid development of the anatomical model and surgical guides along with precise cutting during surgery.Research limitations/implicationsWe outline multiple opportunities for research on supply chain design and performance assessment for surgical 3DP. Further empirical research is needed to validate the results.Practical implicationsThe decision to implement 3DP in hospitals or to engage service providers will require careful analysis of complexity, demand, lead-time criticality and a hospital's own objectives. Hospitals can follow different paths in adopting 3DP for surgeries depending on their context.Originality/valueThe operations and supply chain management community has researched on-demand distributed manufacturing for multiple industries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper on customised on-demand 3DP for surgeries.
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Doyle, Stephanie E., Lauren Henry, Ellen McGennisken, Carmine Onofrillo, Claudia Di Bella, Serena Duchi, Cathal D. O'Connell, and Elena Pirogova. "Characterization of Polycaprolactone Nanohydroxyapatite Composites with Tunable Degradability Suitable for Indirect Printing." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020295.
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Degradable bone implants are designed to foster the complete regeneration of natural tissue after large-scale loss trauma. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composites are promising scaffold materials with superior mechanical and osteoinductive properties compared to the single materials. However, producing three-dimensional (3D) structures with high HA content as well as tuneable degradability remains a challenge. To address this issue and create homogeneously distributed PCL-nanoHA (nHA) scaffolds with tuneable degradation rates through both PCL molecular weight and nHA concentration, we conducted a detailed characterisation and comparison of a range of PCL-nHA composites across three molecular weight PCLs (14, 45, and 80 kDa) and with nHA content up to 30% w/w. In general, the addition of nHA results in an increase of viscosity for the PCL-nHA composites but has little effect on their compressive modulus. Importantly, we observe that the addition of nHA increases the rate of degradation compared to PCL alone. We show that the 45 and 80 kDa PCL-nHA groups can be fabricated via indirect 3D printing and have homogenously distributed nHA even after fabrication. Finally, the cytocompatibility of the composite materials is evaluated for the 45 and 80 kDa groups, with the results showing no significant change in cell number compared to the control. In conclusion, our analyses unveil several features that are crucial for processing the composite material into a tissue engineered implant.
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Carberry, Thomas, Raghav Murthy, Albert Hsiao, Colin Petko, John Moore, John Lamberti, and Sanjeet Hegde. "Fontan Revision: Presurgical Planning Using Four-Dimensional (4D) Flow and Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing." World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery 10, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150135118799641.
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Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can be a complication of certain postoperative Fontan patients whose hepatic venous blood return is not distributed evenly to both lungs. A ten-year-old female, who had previously undergone staged single ventricle palliation for complex congenital heart disease, underwent a Fontan revision due to significant left-sided pulmonary AVMs and increasing arterial oxygen desaturation. The combination of four-dimensional flow cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional printing enabled presurgical planning for a Fontan takedown and diversion of hepatic venous flow to the azygous vein that resulted in significant clinical improvement.
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Li, Fang-Yuan, Liu-Yang Li, Yan Dang, and Pei-Feng Wu. "Study of the Effect of Fibre Orientation on Artificially Directed Steel Fibre-Reinforced Concrete." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8657083.
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The fibre utilization efficiency of directionally distributed fibre-reinforced concrete is better than that of randomly distributed fibre. However, controlling the fibre direction is difficult, which limits its applications. In this paper, a method in which fibres were artificially directed was used to simulate the feasibility of orienting fibres during 3D concrete printing. Based on artificially directed steel fibre-reinforced concrete specimens, the orientation characteristics of directional fibre-reinforced concrete specimens were studied. The differences between the gravity and the boundary effects in ordinary fibre-reinforced concrete and artificially directed fibre-reinforced concrete were compared. The average orientation coefficient in randomly distributed fibre-reinforced concrete was 0.59, whereas this value in directionally distributed fibre-reinforced concrete was over 0.9. This result demonstrated the feasibility of manually orienting the fibres in steel fibre-reinforced concrete in layer-by-layer casting.
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Adel-Khattab, Doaa, Francesca Giacomini, Barbara Peleska, Renate Gildenhaar, Georg Berger, Cynthia Gomes, Ulf Linow, et al. "Development of a Synthetic Tissue Engineered 3D Printed Calciumalkaliphosphate-Based Bone Graft with Homogenously Distributed Osteoblasts and Mineralizing Bone Matrix In Vitro." Key Engineering Materials 720 (November 2016): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.720.82.
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Over the last decade there have been increasing efforts to develop adequate 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering from bioactive ceramics with 3D printing emerging as a promising technology. The overall objective of the present study was to generate a tissue engineered synthetic bone graft with homogenously distributed osteoblasts and mineralizing bone matrix in vitro, thereby mimicking the advantageous properties of autogenous bone grafts and facilitating usage for reconstructing segmental discontinuity defects in vivo. To this end, 3D scaffolds were developed from a silica containing calciumalkaliorthophosphate (code: GB9S14) utilizing two different fabrication processes, first a replica technique (SSM), and second 3D printing (RP). The mechanical and physical properties of the scaffolds (porosity, compressive strength, solubility) and their potential to facilitate homogenous colonization by osteogenic cells and extracellular bone matrix formation throughout the porous scaffold architecture prior to in vivo implantation were examined. To this end, murine osteoblastic cells (MT3T3-E1) were dynamically seeded and cultured for 7 days on both scaffold types under perfusion with two different concentrations of 1.5 and 3x106 cells per ml. The amount of cells and extracellular matrix formed and osteogenic marker expression were evaluated using hard tissue histology, immunohistochemical and histomorphometric analysis. SSM scaffolds (SSMS) displayed a significantly greater total porosity (86.9%) than RP scaffolds (RPS) (50%), while RPS exhibited significantly more open micropores, greater compressive strength and silica release. RPS seeded with a 3x106 cells per ml displayed greatest cell and extracellular matrix formation, mineralization and osteocalcin expression. In conclusion, RPS displayed superior mechanical and biological properties and facilitated generating a tissue engineered synthetic bone graft in vitro, which mimics the advantageous properties of autogenous bone grafts, by containing homogenously distributed terminally differentiated osteoblasts and mineralizing bone matrix and therefore is suitable for subsequent in vivo implantation for regenerating segmental discontinuity bone defects.
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Mitev, Tihomir. "Where is the Missing Matter?" International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 7, no. 1 (January 2015): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijantti.2015010102.
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The additive manufacturing (or the popular 3D printing) is relatively new technology which opens new spaces for entrepreneurial imagination and promises next stage of the industrial revolution. It is creating three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The printer transforms the file into a material object layer by layer, using different raw materials. Today, the additive manufacturing is successfully used in architecture, medicine and healthcare, light and heavy industries, education, etc. The paper analyses the roles of actors in manufacturing the objects. It starts with the Heideggerian questioning of technology (), searching for the causes of bringing into appearance of the 3D model. According to Heideggerian analysis the technology is represented as an ‘unveiling of the truth'. The paper suggests that the old understanding of matter as a thing-in-itself should be replaced by a new, flexible, fluid, concept of matter, which is more or less manipulable. The matter is no more an occasion for object's taking place. On the other hand, it seems 3D printing technology is reduced to mere means; a simple intermediary, a copier of ideas. From that perspective the paper questioning the problem of action in ANT and search how action and interaction is distributed and how actors constitutes themselves as well as their actor-world.
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Darwish, Lamis R., Mohamed T. El-Wakad, and Mahmoud M. Farag. "Towards sustainable industry 4.0: A green real-time IIoT multitask scheduling architecture for distributed 3D printing services." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 61 (October 2021): 196–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.09.004.
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Polley, Christian, Robert Mau, Clemens Lieberwirth, Jan Stenzel, Brigitte Vollmar, and Hermann Seitz. "Bioprinting of three dimensional tumor models: a preliminary study using a low cost 3D printer." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 3, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2017-0028.
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AbstractThe deep understanding of cancer and tumor genesis, as well as the development of new therapy strategies still remains one of the emerging challenges in modern medicine. To meet these challenges it seems to be absolutely necessary to overcome the drawbacks of the established 2D in vitro models. Especially the missing microenvironment of the tumor, which means the absence of stroma and immune cells, results in a missing cell-cell and cell-stroma interaction as well as disrupted functional communication pathways. Modern 3D culture systems and 3D printing or rather bioprinting technologies attempt to solve this issue and aim to closely mimic natural tumor microenvironment. In this preliminary work we are going to present the first steps of establishing an artificial 3D tumor model utilising a low cost 3D printer. Therefore the printer had been modified with an open-source syringe pump to become a functional bioprinter using viscosity modulated alginate hydrogel. In the first attempts L929 mouse fibroblasts, which are an integral component of natural stroma, had been incorporated into the hydrogel matrix and printed into scaffolds. Subsequent to the printing process the scaffolds got ionically crosslinked with a 5% w/v aqueous solution of CaCl2 to become mechanically stable. After three days of cultivation viability testing had been performed by utilising FDG staining and PET CT to obtain a volumetric viability measurement. The viability imaging showed vital cells homogeneously distributed in the scaffold and therefore stands as an evidence for a working low cost bioprinting process and a successful first step for the development of an artificial 3D tumor model.
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Gambo, Nuru, and Innocent Musonda. "Effect of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Road Transport Asset Management Practice in Nigeria." Journal of Construction in Developing Countries 26, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 19–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jcdc2021.26.1.2.
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Poor management practices of road transport assets posed a challenge to the sustainable development of the transport system in developing countries like Nigeria. Studies in the past focused mainly on the performance of road construction process. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of the fourth Industrial Revolution (4.0IR) on the road transport assets in developing countries such as Nigeria. The current study aimed at assessing the effect of the 4.0IR towards improving the management practice of road transport assets. Survey instruments were administered to project and facility managers in the Nigerian road construction sector of the economy using a proportionate random sampling technique. Partial least square structural equation modelling was used for data analysis utilising the Warp 7.0 partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) software algorithm. The software calculates p-values with WarpPLS based on non-parametric algorithms, resampling or stable algorithms and thus does not require that the variables to be normally distributed. The study concluded that the 4.0IR drivers have a moderate effect change on the management practice of road transport assets in Nigeria at the moment. The findings imply that management of road assets in Nigeria would moderately improve due to the 4.0IR technologies resulting in transport, safety and general efficiency and effectiveness of road networks in Nigeria. The study identified the 4.0IR drivers to include robotics, mobility, virtual and augmented reality, Internet of things and cloud computing, machine learning, artificial intelligence, blockchain, three-dimensional (3D) printing drones that are built with an attached 3D printer (the drone hangs a 3D printing nozzle that has fed plastic, concrete mix or other material from a tube connected to the top of the drone's printing path that precisely plotted by software, for a promised printing accuracy of 0.1 mm) and digital engineering. This study emanated from the government reports and past studies in the area of road transport asset management practice which the study investigated the major causes of poor practices and assessed the effect of the 4.0IR on the practice.
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Albusac, J., J. J. Castro-Schez, M. Castro-Garcia, J. C. Perez-Flores, and J. Canales-Vazquez. "Design and Evaluation of a System for Decentralized Management of Solidarity Actions during the COVID-19 Crisis." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 8064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228064.
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Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the top priority was to hinder the spread of the virus and prevent the collapse of the health systems. To achieve this, it was mandatory to ensure adequate supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE), which may not have been available in the short-term during the first months of the crisis. While leading manufacturing companies all over the world were retooling their factories to produce medical equipment, 3D printing offered a transition solution to quickly supply PPEs in the case of emergency. In this context, the University of Castilla-La Mancha started a new solidarity project to produce PPEs via 3D printing, especially for healthcare staff. This project was characterized by the commitment of several geographically distributed volunteers, with limitations due to confinement. The group of volunteers required an organizational model supported by ad-hoc technology to make their collaboration efficient. This article demonstrates how a centralized production model is not efficient in such a situation, and proposes a novel web system supported by an intelligent recommender, which facilitates a distributed organizational model that optimizes manufacturing and delivery times of PPEs. The results show how our proposal drastically improves the efficiency of the group of collaborators, and adequately address the high social demand concentrated in a short period. This was a crucial change for the production and distribution of over 23,500 PPEs during the first 40 days of the crisis, in one of the regions with a higher rate of COVID-19 cases in Europe.
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Bogdanov, D. E. "Patentability of Solutions in the Field of Bioprint Technologies: A Comparative Law Aspect." Lex Russica, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2022.183.2.077-089.
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The paper is devoted to the issues of advisability of introducing amendments to the civil legislation in connection with the development of additive technologies or the possibility of effective application of the existing rules of law to the regulation of «innovative» civil relations.Digitization of objects of the material world associated with the creation of their digital prototypes constitutes a revolutionary element of 3D printing technology. A three-dimensional digital model (CAD file) can be easily modified, distributed and embodied in the form of a physical object by printing it on a 3D printer. This gives rise to new risks of infringement of exclusive rights to objects of patent law. In a foreign doctrine, a discussion has started regarding the possibility of qualifying the creation and circulation of digital models of patented products (inventions) as a direct infringement or indirect infringement of exclusive rights.The paper concluded that Russian patent law was not ready for the challenge generated by the development of 3D printing technology, since it was not aware of the concept of indirect infringement of the exclusive right. In Russian law enforcement practice, the concept of direct patent infringement is interpreted in a restrictive manner.The question of admissibility of patenting technical solutions in the field of bioprinting has been studied. It is concluded that in Russian law there are no fundamental obstacles to patenting technical solutions in the field of bioprinting technologies. Russian legislation provides for the possibility of patenting «natural products», as well as methods and means of treatment, which distinguishes the Russian approach from the American or European one. If the risk of genetic instability of pluripotent cells is leveled, the technology for creating bioprinted human organs will comply with the requirements of civil law. In particular, it will meet the requirements for the compliance of patented technical solutions with the public interest, the principles of humanity and morality.
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Shopova, Dobromira, Desislava Bakova, Maria Semerdjieva, and Antonia Yaneva. "Patient Awareness of Additive Manufacturing in Dentistry – A Survey." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, no. D (May 30, 2022): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9860.
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Introduction: Additive manufacturing or 3D printing technology creates the object layer by layer. Its development in dentistry has been particularly rapid over the last ten years and covers more and more dental fields.
The aim of this article is to demonstrate the patient’s awareness of additive manufacturing and their opinion about the price and application of 3D printed products in dentistry.
Materials and methods: The survey was distributed to a total of 111 patients, of whom 49.5% were men and 50.5% were women. The majority of respondents have higher education. Their age varies from 34 to 76. Students do not participate in the survey. More than half of the respondents (55.5%) are retired.
Results and conclusion: Patients are mainly informed by dentists but consider themselves insufficiently informed. 3D printed versions are rarely offered, especially for temporary constructions. Patients rate the price as too high, but would not give up treatment only for that reason. They are hesitant in their choice for treatment with a classic or 3D printed technique.
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Manero, Albert, Peter Smith, Amanda Koontz, Matt Dombrowski, John Sparkman, Dominique Courbin, and Albert Chi. "Leveraging 3D Printing Capacity in Times of Crisis: Recommendations for COVID-19 Distributed Manufacturing for Medical Equipment Rapid Response." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (June 27, 2020): 4634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134634.
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The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has provided a unique set of global supply chain limitations with an exponentially growing surge of patients requiring care. The needs for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for hospital staff and doctors have been overwhelming, even just to rule out patients not infected. High demand for traditionally manufactured devices, challenged by global demand and limited production, has resulted in a call for additive manufactured (3D printed) equipment to fill the gap between traditional manufacturing cycles. This method has the unique ability to pivot in real time, while traditional manufacturing may take months to change production runs. 3D printing has been used to produce a variety of equipment for hospitals including face shields, masks, and even ventilator components to handle the surge. This type of rapid, crowd sourced, design and production resulted in new challenges for regulation, liability, and distribution. This manuscript reviews these challenges and successes of additive manufacturing and provides a forward plan for hospitals to consider for future surge events. Recommendations: To accommodate future surges, hospitals and municipalities should develop capacity for short-run custom production, enabling them to validate new designs. This will rapidly increase access to vetted equipment and critical network sharing with community distributed manufacturers and partners. Clear guidance and reviewed design repositories by regulatory authorities will streamline efforts to combat future pandemic waives or other surge events.
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Faraj, Moneer K., Samer S. Hoz, and Amjad J. Mohammad. "The use of three-dimensional anatomical patient-specific printed models in surgical clipping of intracranial aneurysm: A pilot study." Surgical Neurology International 11 (November 11, 2020): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_361_2020.
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Background: In the present study, we aim to develop simulation models based on computed tomography angiography images of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and their parent vessels using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The study focuses on the value of these 3D models in presurgical planning and intraoperative navigation and ultimately their impact on patient outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of its kind from a war-torn country, like Iraq. Methods: This is a prospective study of a series of 11, consecutively enrolled, patients suffering from IAs for the period between February and September 2019. The study represents a collaboration between the two major neurosurgical centers in Baghdad/Iraq; Neurosciences Teaching Hospital and Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital. We analyzed the data of eleven patients with IAs treated by microsurgical clipping. These data include patient demographics, clinical, surgical, and outcomes along with the data of the 3D-printed replica used in these surgeries. All cases were operated on by one surgeon. Results: Our study included 11 patients, with a total of 11 aneurysms clipped. The mean age was 44 ± 8, with a median of 42.5 and a range of 35–61 years. About 60% of our patients were female with a female-to-male ratio of 1:5. About 60% of the aneurysms were located at the anterior communicating artery (Acom) while the remaining 40% were equally distributed between the posterior communicating and internal carotid arteries bifurcation. The standard pterional approach was followed in 50% of cases, whereas the other 50% of patients were treated through the lateral supraorbital approach. About 90% (n = 9) of the patients had a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of 5 and 10% had a GOS of 4. The 3D-printed models successfully replicated the aneurysm size, location, and relation to the parent vessel with 100% accuracy and were used for intraoperative guidance. The average production time was 24–48 h and the production cost was 10–20 US dollars. Conclusion: 3D printing is a promising technology that is rapidly penetrating the field of neurosurgery. In particular, the use of 3D-printed patient-matched, anatomically accurate replicas of the cerebral vascular tree is valuable adjunct to the microsurgical clipping of IAs, and our study conclusions support this concept. However, both the feasibility and clinical utility of 3D printing remain the subject of much, ongoing investigations.
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Vidakis, Nectarios, Markos Petousis, Lazaros Tzounis, Sotirios A. Grammatikos, Emmanouil Porfyrakis, Athena Maniadi, and Nikolaos Mountakis. "Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051162.
Full textAbstract:
The continuous demand for thermoplastic polymers in a great variety of applications, combined with an urgent need to minimize the quantity of waste for a balanced energy-from-waste strategy, has led to increasing scientific interest in developing new recycling processes for plastic products. Glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) is known to have some enhanced properties as compared to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) homopolymer; this has recently attracted the interest from the fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional (3D) printing community. PET has shown a reduced ability for repeated recycling through traditional processes. Herein, we demonstrate the potential for using recycled PETG in consecutive 3D printing manufacturing processes. Distributed recycling additive manufacturing (DRAM)-oriented equipment was chosen in order to test the mechanical and thermal response of PETG material in continuous recycling processes. Tensile, flexure, impact strength, and Vickers micro-hardness tests were carried out for six (6) cycles of recycling. Finally, Raman spectroscopy as well as thermal and morphological analyses via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractography were carried out. In general, the results revealed a minor knockdown effect on the mechanical properties as well as the thermal properties of PETG following the process proposed herein, even after six rounds of recycling.
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Mayville, Pierce J., Aliaksei L. Petsiuk, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Thermal Post-Processing of 3D Printed Polypropylene Parts for Vacuum Systems." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 5 (September 8, 2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6050098.
Full textAbstract:
Access to vacuum systems is limited because of economic costs. A rapidly growing approach to reduce the costs of scientific equipment is to combine open-source hardware methods with digital distributed manufacturing with 3D printers. Although high-end 3D printers can manufacture vacuum components, again, the cost of access to tooling is economically prohibitive. Low-cost material extrusion 3D printing with plastic overcomes the cost issue, but two problems arise when attempting to use plastic in or as part of vacuum systems: the outgassing of polymers and their sealing. To overcome these challenges, this study explores the potential of using post-processing heat treatments to seal 3D printed polypropylene for use in vacuum environments. The effect of infill overlap and heat treatment with a readily available heat gun on 3D printed PP parts was investigated in detail on ISO-standardized KF vacuum fitting parts and with the use of computer vision-based monitoring of vacuum pump down velocities. The results showed that infill overlap and heat treatment both had a large impact on the vacuum pressures obtainable with 3D printed parts. Heat treatment combined with 98% infill reliably sealed parts for use in vacuum systems, which makes the use of low-cost desktop 3D printers viable for manufacturing vacuum components for open scientific hardware.