Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Distress'
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Vella, Mark Joseph. "Distress detection." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27534.
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Web attacks pose a prime concern for cybersecurity, and whilst attackers are leveraging modern technologies to launch unpredictable attacks with serious consequences, web attack detectors are still restricted to the classical misuse and anomaly detection methods. As a result, web attack detectors have limited resilience to novel attacks or produce impractical amounts of daily false alerts. Advances in intrusion detection techniques have so far only partly alleviated the problem as they are still tied to existing methods. This thesis proposes Distress Detection (DD), a detection method providing novel web attack resilience while suppressing false alerts. It is partly inspired by the workings of the human immune system, that is capable to respond against previously unseen infections. The premise is that within the scope of an attack objective (the attack's end result), attack HTTP requests are associated with features that are necessary to reach that objective, rendering them suspicious. Their eventual execution must generate system events that are associated with the successful attainment of their objective, called the attack symptoms. Suspicious requests and attack symptoms are modeled on the generic signs of ongoing infections that enable the immune system to respond to novel infections, however they are not exclusive to attacks. The suppression of false alerts is left to an alert correlation process based on the premise that attack requests can be distinguished from the rest through a link that connects their features with their consequent attack symptoms. The provision of novel attack resilience and false alert suppression is demonstrated through three prototype distress detectors, identifying DD as promising for effective web attack detection, despite some concerns about the level of diffculty of their implementation process.
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Outecheva, Natalia. "Corporate financial distress : an empirical analysis of distress risk." kostenfrei, 2007. http://www.unisg.ch/www/edis.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/3430.
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Kihn, John Patrick. "Distress and low-grade securities : issues in distress and illiquidity." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2410/.
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Given the economic importance of distressed firms, this thesis was motivated by an apparent lack of financial economic research examining distressed firms and their securities. The thesis principally focuses on the following two areas: (1) the costs of Chapter 11, and (2) the financial performance of low-grade bonds (i.e., "risky debt"). In addition, the laws and regulations affecting distressed firms are reviewed. Therefore, the main contributions of this thesis are empirical in nature. Regarding the costs of Chapter 11, the evidence presented suggests that they are large. Specifically, the costs of "successful" Chapter 11 are found to be an increasing function of firm size up to a point (i.e., they are a declining function for the very largest firms). Therefore, these findings contrast with previous studies which have found economies of scale for the administrative costs of bankruptcy. This has important implications for capital structure theories which trade-off the costs of bankruptcy with the tax shield advantage of debt over equity. In addition, generally larger costs are found than were found in previous research. Regarding the financial performance of low-grade bonds, the evidence presented suggests that risky debt valuation models which incorporate interest rate risk, in addition to default risk, best describe the return generation process for the three risky bond asset classes examined. The evidence for low-grade corporate bonds, low-grade municipal bonds, and convertible corporate bonds strongly supports this hypothesis. In addition, the evidence examined would suggest that the interaction between the various embedded options in risky debt should be an important element in any risky debt valuation model. Therefore, at a very broad level the thesis has the following two arguments: (1) bankruptcy is very costly; and (2) risky debt displays a return generation process which is very complex. The evidence presented strongly supports both theses.
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Bernard, Rebecca S. "Parent distress, parent behavior, and infant distress during pediatric immunizations." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2225.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 47 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-35).
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Cox, Charlotte T. "Social context and distress : environment, power, distress and IAPT : a discourse analysis." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2014. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/13273/.
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There is a consistent research base that shows that class and inequality is associated with poorer mental health and experiences of distress. Various explanations for this link have been proposed, including psychological, social, structural, material and political factors. Experiences of powerlessness and oppression have also been implicated. Nevertheless psychology focuses predominately on explanations and interventions at the individual level. To explore this incongruence, a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis was completed of texts produced by Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT), related to the development and practice within IAPT and supervision sessions of high-intensity therapists practicing in IAPT. The emerging discourses are discussed.
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Cavanagh, Kerry D. "Coping with menstrual distress /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PM/09pmc377.pdf.
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Khan, Saeeda S. "Neighbourhoods, stress and distress." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81498.
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This study examines stress and distress experienced by working age individuals in the urban environment. The goals of this research are twofold: (1) to test for a social gradient in stress and distress; and (2) to test for environmental effects on the reporting of stress and distress, specifically focussing on variations in stress and distress across neighbourhoods in Montreal. Montreal was selected as the focus of this study because it is a large metropolitan region with some of the highest income disparities in Canada. Individual-level logistic regression models and multilevel analyses of the 2000/01 Canadian Community Health Survey were applied to identify the determinants of stress and distress and to determine the degree of variation in stress (n = 1944) and distress (n = 1836) captured at the neighbourhood level. Results showed that a social gradient exists with distress in Montreal, but not stress, and that neighbourhoods have an effect on distress above and beyond individual characteristics.
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Prangnell, Simon. "Psychological distress following stroke." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531938.
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Colbert, Jennifer. "Identity Distress Surrounding Retirement." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1242663100.
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Kraemer, Kristen M. "Behavioral Assessment of Emotional Distress Tolerance: Validation of the Distress Tolerance Speech Task." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377874928.
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Wilson, Luke Elias. "Sexual Satisfaction in Older Marriages: Effects of Family-of-Origin Distress and Marital Distress." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1970.pdf.
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McHugh, Rebecca Kathryn. "Assessing the amplification of distress: factor analytic, experimental, and genetic evaluation of distress intolerance." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31590.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Distress intolerance (DI)--the perceived inability to tolerate distressing somatic and affective states--is associated with a range of psychological disorders. Across these disorders, DI is hypothesized to amplify distress and motivate maladaptive avoidance behavior, and studies have identified links between DI and behaviors such as substance use, self-injury, and binge eating. Accordingly, DI is a particularly important pathological factor that can be targeted for intervention across disorders or co-occurring conditions. However, despite the clear importance of DI to psychopathology research and clinical intervention, its ongoing study has been hampered by limitations in its measurement. Specifically, there is a clear need for the establishment of empirically validated measurement strategies to facilitate consistency across studies and to advance a broader understanding of this construct. The current series of studies was designed to address these assessment issues. Appropriate to the transdiagnostic nature of DI, these studies included several diagnostic groups: unselected, healthy, emotional disordered patients, and substance-dependent patients. In the first study, shared variance among self-report measures of DI was examined in a large sample using a factor analysis. In the second and third studies, a novel DI scale was examined relative to current measures across several methodological approaches including group comparison, laboratory manipulation, and candidate gene testing. Results were as follows. First, DI was a heterogeneous construct that varied based on the domain of distress. Second, a new self-report measure derived from analysis of existing measures performed well relative to both alternative self-report and behavioral indices of DI. Third, the use of a domain-general measure of DI was an acceptable proxy for DI across domains. Fourth, substance-dependent samples exhibited great DI relative to those with emotional disorders and no Axis I disorder, and profiles of intolerance across domains of distress were characteristic of select diagnostic groups. Fifth, the serotonin transporter gene was not associated with DI as hypothesized. This series of studies helps clarify the nature of DI and offers a new measure to the field that may better capture the core DI construct. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
2031-01-01
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Crowther, George John Edward. "Dementia inpatient study on the recognition and evaluation of signs signalling emotional distress - DISTRESSED." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18756/.
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Dementia is a common comorbidity in older people admitted to general hospital. People with dementia have a high prevalence of psychological symptoms, pain and delirium, which if left untreated can cause distress and predispose the person to worse outcomes. Identifying individual symptoms or the causes of distress can be difficult because people with more severe dementia often struggle to communicate. Systems are in place to help healthcare professionals recognise and treat individual symptoms, but they require the user to be able to apply and use them appropriately. This thesis describes the development and feasibility testing of a novel screening tool, which aims to improve distress recognition for dementia patients in a hospital setting. Initially, to understand areas of unmet need, a retrospective review of 116 case notes of people with dementia admitted to hospital was undertaken. The results suggested a discrepancy between observed and expected psychological symptoms, delirium, and pain, and that existing systems used to identify and manage them were underutilised. It was hypothesised that encouraging healthcare professionals to identify distress, rather than specific symptoms, may be a simple and sensitive method for improving the recognition of psychological symptoms, pain and delirium downstream. However, how hospital healthcare professionals identify distress in dementia patients was previously undescribed. Existing methods were explored using thematic analysis of 25 semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals who regularly care for people with dementia. The participants interviewed all believed they could innately identify distress. However, common facilitators and barriers to this process were identified including: how the patient presents, familiarity with the patient, using the person’s usual community carer as a source of information, staff training, ward culture, and competing ward priorities. Following a series of design phases, the themes generated were combined with existing theories on implementing healthcare interventions to develop a novel distress screening tool, for use by healthcare professionals to assess dementia patients in a hospital setting. The Distress Recognition Tool (DRT), was deliberately simple and designed to complement existing hospital physical observation systems. As part of the assessment, community carers for the person with dementia are also asked to contribute to the process when visiting the ward. The DRT was further refined using feedback from focus groups comprising healthcare professionals and community carers of people with dementia. To test the use, usefulness and potential mechanistic impacts of the DRT, the tool was feasibility tested during the routine care of 32 consented patients with dementia admitted to a large teaching hospital. All staff on participating wards received DRT training and consequently the tool was used on average 0.9 times per participant day. Carers contributed to the assessment process on average 0.4 times per patient day. The feedback from healthcare professionals and community carers was positive but highlighted that more complex aspects of the DRT need refinement.
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Holt, Jackie. "Psychological distress amongst general practitioners /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17113.pdf.
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Hedström, Mariann. "Distress among Adolescents with Cancer." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Vårdvetenskap, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4832.
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The primary aim was to investigate the distress perceived by adolescents with cancer treated in paediatric oncology. In Study I, especially distressing events for children/adolescents with cancer were identified by interviews with children/adolescents/parents and nurses. Data were analysed with content analysis. A range of physical and emotional concerns was identified. Physical concerns are of a rather similar nature across age groups. Emotional concerns vary more between age groups. For children 8-12 years, emotional concerns are rather frequent. In Study II distressing and positive aspects related to some care situations for adolescents with cancer were identified by interviews with adolescents and nurses. Data were analysed with content analysis. A range of negative aspects, e.g. fear of alienation, fear of dying, altered appearance and physical concerns, as well as positive aspects, e.g. positive relations to staff and being well cared for were identified. The aspects of distress identified in Studies I and II formed the basis for a structured interview-guide, used in Studies III and IV. Adolescents, recently diagnosed with cancer, physicians and nurses were interviewed by telephone about distress, anxiety, depression and well-being experienced by the adolescents. Adolescent ratings of prevalence, levels and worst aspects of distress do not necessarily agree, however, worry missing school and mucositis are among those rated with the highest prevalence, levels and those perceived as the overall worst. The findings from Study IV demonstrate that physicians and nurses underestimate the distress caused by worry missing school and mucositis. The accuracy of physician and nurse ratings of physical distress is acceptable, however, this is not the case for psychosocial distress. It can be concluded that it is crucial to consider how questions are asked when interpreting the significance of the answers, and that action on adolescent problems in relation to cancer diagnosis and treatment need to rely on direct communication.
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Hedström, Mariann. "Distress among adolescents with cancer /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4832.
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Ashraf, Sumaira. "Three essays on financial distress." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/30150.
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Large corporate failures and scandals in recent years indicate the shortcomings of current risk assessment tools and highlight the need for more extensive research on predicting financial distress (FD). The main objective of this thesis, comprised of three independent essays, is to provide empirical evidence on the factors affecting financial distress of firms. The first essay compares the accuracy of traditional distress prediction models at predicting the early warning signs of financial distress. The results reveal that the prediction accuracy of models declines for both early and more progressed financially distressed firms, when applied to an emerging market, Pakistan. The study results suggest that the researchers and practitioners should periodically revise the distress prediction models to adjust them with the dynamic changes in the business environment. The second essay for the first time investigates the benefit of combining accounting, market-based and financial reporting quality (FRQ) measures to predict financial distress of the developed and emerging market firms, UK and Pakistan, respectively. The resulting model shows good prediction accuracy for firms in the developed and emerging market, showing that the FRQ plays a significant role in the financial distress of firms. The findings of the study suggest that the researchers should use this hidden information of financial reports to predict financial distress of firms. The third essay explores the importance of board committee independence for firms operating in a developed market, the UK, and an emerging market, China. Our overall results support current best practice for corporate governance, which recommends more independent board members in compensation and nomination committees to ensure the unbiased selection and evaluation of corporate leadership; Três Ensaios sobre Empresas em Dificuldades Financeiras
Resumo: Nos últimos anos observou-se a falência de grandes empresas, bem como vários escândalos financeiros, o que se tornou indicativo da existência de falhas ao nível das actuais ferramentas de avaliação de riscos, bem como da necessidade de estudos relacionados com a previsão da existência de empresas em dificuldades financeiras (FD). O principal objetivo desta tese, composta de três ensaios independentes, é fornecer evidências empíricas sobre os fatores que afetam as empresas em FD. O primeiro ensaio compara a exatidão dos modelos tradicionais de previsão de stress em prever os primeiros sinais de alerta de FD nas empresas. Os resultados revelaram que a exactidão da previsão dos modelos diminui no caso das empresas em fase inicial ou mais avançada de FD, quando aplicados ao mercado emergente Paquistão. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que tanto investigadores como profissionais devem periodicamente rever os modelos de previsão de FD por forma a os ajustar às mudanças dinâmicas do ambiente de negócios. O segundo ensaio investiga, pela primeira vez, o benefício da combinação de medidas contabilísticas, baseadas no mercado e na qualidade dos relatórios financeiros (FRQ), para prever se as empresas dos mercados desenvolvido e emergente, Reino Unido e Paquistão, respectivamente, se encontram em FD. O modelo final resultante mostra uma boa precisão de previsão para as empresas dos mercados desenvolvidos e emergentes, mostrando que a FRQ desempenha um papel significativo no FD das empresas. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que os investigadores devem usar essa informação, oculta dos relatórios financeiros, para prever o nível de FD das empresas. O terceiro ensaio explora a importância da independência do conselho do quadro de directores para as empresas que operam quer num mercado desenvolvido, Reino Unido, quer num mercado emergente, China. Os resultados globais fundamentam a prática da melhor governança empresarial, o que conduz à recomendação de um quadro de directores mais independente, ao nível dos comités de remuneração e nomeação, como forma de garantir uma selecção e avaliação da liderança empresarial não enviesadas.
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Kemp, Martin. "Agency and discourse on distress." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/09c08653-3b26-477d-86db-8e3fb7f67908.
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Goff, Jeannie M. "Diabetes Distress: Transforming a Practice." Otterbein University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbn1429740282.
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Jeannie, Goff M. "Diabetes Distress: Transforming a Practice." Otterbein University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbn1596205210617564.
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Vitori, Tracey. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND CARDIAC DISEASE." UKnowledge, 2016. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/26.
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The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate the association of psychological distress with cardiac disease, events, and mortality. Specific aims were to: 1) to evaluate the association between hostility level and recurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and all-cause mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD); 2) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) hostility and anxiety subscales in a group of incarcerated participants at high risk of cardiovascular disease; and 3) to evaluate the association of patient and caregiver psychological state with quality of life in both patient and caregiver, and postoperative complications after cardiac surgery.
Specific aim one was addressed through a secondary analysis of data collected during the Patient Response to Myocardial Infarction following a Teaching Intervention Offered by Nurses trial to determine whether hostility was a predictor of ACS recurrence and mortality. Hostility was common after ACS and predicted all-cause mortality. Hostility did not predict recurrent ACS. Specific aim 2 was addressed in a secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial in male prisoners. Participants completed the BSI at baseline prior to the intervention. Internal consistency reliability was good for both subscales (Cronbach’s alpha - hostility 0.83, anxiety 0.81). Items from the two dimensions were analyzed together using exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation. Two dimensions, anxiety and hostility, were identified. Construct validity was supported; those with high anxiety and hostility reported a greater number of days where their self-reported health was rated as fair or poor. Those prisoners with less perceived control had higher levels of anxiety and hostility. Specific aim 3 was addressed through a prospective, descriptive correlational study that measured patient and caregiver anxiety, hostility and depressive symptoms, at baseline to determine whether these predicted quality of life using a multilevel dyadic analysis; and to evaluate the association of baseline anxiety, hostility and depressive symptoms and quality of life with postoperative complications and mortality. Anxiety, hostility, and depressive symptoms were common in both cardiac patients and their caregiver. Psychological state influenced quality of life in both dyad members, but was not associated with complications.
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Singh, Robyn. "Exploring psychological distress among a sample of pregnant women from a low income area who self-identify as being distressed." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6256.
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Magister Artium - MA (Psychology)Psychological distress during pregnancy has been a fairly neglected phenomenon and has only recently started emerging as an area of research interest. The existing body of scholarship on distress during pregnancy has largely been conducted from a positivist paradigm, emphasising the identification, incidences and risks. There is thus a dearth of qualitative inquiry into pregnant women's experiences and accounts of distress. In an attempt to address these gaps within the literature, my study explored psychological distress among a group of pregnant women from socio-economically disadvantaged contexts. The specific objectives of my study was to explore how pregnant women conceptualised psychological distress within the context of pregnancy; the feelings or symptoms of psychological distress; what pregnant women perceived as its causes; and the psychosocial needs of pregnant women in relation to antenatal distress. This study was guided by a feminist approach and a feminist standpoint epistemology in particular. This lent itself to exploring the phenomenon while departing from a clinical, decontextualised position which translated into an investigation with pregnant women who subjectively perceived themselves to be distressed.
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Vaca, Lisa Michelle. "Implementation of a Diabetes-Related Distress Scale in a Primary Care Clinic." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31761.
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Individuals with diabetes face many multifaceted issues when integrating their plan of care into their daily lives, which can become burdensome and lead to inadequate diabetes control. Due to the persistent demands of diabetes management, screening for psychosocial factors that can impact control, such as depression, anxiety, and diabetes-related distress (DRD) should occur routinely (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2017). DRD is distinctly different from depression in that the focus is on the burden experienced due to the rigorous treatment regimen associated with diabetes.
DRD focuses on the self-management demands, complications, comorbidities, and lack of perceived social support (ADA, 2019). DRD can affect treatment compliance and lead to negative health outcomes, including more frequent hospitalizations and higher healthcare costs. Therefore, early screening and detection of psychosocial factors influencing management is essential to prevent health complications and deterioration.
The purpose of this practice improvement project was to implement DRD screening in a rural North Dakota clinic. Rural providers were educated on DRD and the use of an evidenced-based screening tool called the Problems Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale. This self-report scale allows providers to make appropriate referrals to diabetes educators, dieticians, and mental health professionals, which may result in individualized treatment plans and improved outcomes.
The project implementation was comprised of an educational session focused on DRD that included a pre- and post-test, as well as return skill demonstration where attendees were asked to score a mock patient’s PAID scale. Following the educational session, the PAID scale was implemented at diabetic appointments for a three-month period. Positive PAID scale results were monitored to determine if the positive screenings resulted in a referral or additional resources. Twenty-four scales were completed by patients during the project, resulting in 30 referrals for additional support. Additionally, an increase in healthcare provider knowledge related to DRD evaluation and management was identified. The provision of DRD education and implementation of the PAID scale in this rural primary care clinic enabled patients within the community to receive evidence-based, individualized care, which may potentially reduce complications, as well as improve diabetes control and overall patient health.
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Hinton, Kenneth. "The Authoritarian Personality and Economic Distress." TopSCHOLAR®, 1996. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/802.
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In this study, I combined the personality and social indicator approaches of authoritarianism to determine if these separate approaches reflect similar constructs, and also examined whether economic distress increases authoritarianism and its internal coherence. The writer, in contrast with the time-series designs used in previous social-indicator studies, controlled for extraneous historical events by sampling individuals within the same time period. One hundred and sixty-one employed and 41 unemployed adult manufacturing workers completed a ninety-five-item questionnaire. The questionnaire contained a short version of the right-wing authoritarianism scale (RWA), items reflecting the social indicators of authoritarianism, and both objective (family income, employment status) and subjective (worry about the economy, worry about personal finances) indices of economic distress.
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Rocker, Graeme Martin. "Studies on adult respiratory distress syndrome." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235866.
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Brown, Susan M. "Shame & psychological distress in obesity." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/964/.
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The following research thesis discusses issues relevant to shame and psychological distress in women who are overweight or obese. The literature review summarises current knowledge regarding the relationship between binge eating and depression in obesity. Although largely based upon literature from the field of psychiatry, the review is intended to provide an overview for clinical psychologists. The literature is critically evaluated in terms of methodologies and theoretical approaches, and ideas for further research are suggested. In the final section, the clinical implications of the literature for clinical psychologists working with clients who are overweight and who binge eat are discussed. The brief paper explores the factor structure of an extended version of the "Experience of Shame Scale" (E. S. S. ) and the reliability of the extended scale in a community sample of women. Principal components analysis revealed that a three-factor solution was appropriate for this sample, demonstrating that the salient factors of shame in women are: - characterological shame, behavioural shame and bodily shame. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study to measure shame in a community sample of women. The main paper investigates shame and psychological distress in a community sample of women who are overweight or obese. The study compares four groups of women, categorized according to Body Mass Index. The results demonstrated that women who were severely obese experienced significantly higher levels of shame and psychological distress than all other groups. They received significantly higher scores on all four subscales of the E. S. S (characterological, behavioural, bodily and eating shame) and also had significantly lower self esteem. The reflective review discusses issues arising from the research which may be of benefit to other applied and professional psychologists. It is divided into five sections - personal reflections on the research process, ethical considerations, methodological issues, empowerment in research and the use of psychiatric terminology in this study.
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Roos, Annerine. "Psychobiological correlates of distress in pregnancy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6712.
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Thesis (PhD (Psychiatry))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pregnancy is often accompanied by distressing psychological symptoms such as anxiety. These symptoms may result from changes in cognitive-affective processing, which in turn reflect hormonal changes during this time. However, findings on associations between psychological distress, cognitive-affective changes and hormones have been inconsistent. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the neural circuitry underlying distress and cognitive-affective processing in pregnancy. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a specific role in regulating emotion. Determining the relationship between these changes in cognitive-affective processing and in prefrontal circuitry is important, given the high prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in pregnancy. The overall objective of this study was to investigate distressing psychological symptoms and their association with cognitive-affective processes and neurobiological changes over the course of pregnancy. Pregnant women with low risk singleton pregnancies were recruited from Midwife Obstetric Units in the Western Cape. Non-pregnant healthy controls were also recruited from the same demographic area. Distress levels were assessed using the K-10, Spielberger State -Trait Inventory, and Perceived Stress Scale. Subjectively experienced cognitive ability was asked about. Objective cognitive ability was assessed using standardized neuropsychological tests. Selective attention to threat such as fear and anger was assessed using a Facial Stroop Task. Neural circuitry was assessed using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy while viewing dynamic emotional facial expressions of threat (Emotion Recognition Task). Glucocorticoid (cortisol) and gonadal hormonal levels (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone) were also determined at each trimester of pregnancy. Associations between distressing psychological symptoms, cognitive-affective processes and neurobiology were assessed using standard statistical methods. The main findings to emerge from this research were that, 1. pregnant women had significantly higher trait anxiety at trimester 2, compared to trimester 1 of pregnancy; 2. compared to non-pregnant women, pregnant women paid significantly more attention to fearful faces across trimesters, suggesting altered cognitive-affective processing in pregnancy compared to non-pregnancy; 3. pregnant women demonstrated significantly increased PFC activation in response to fearful and angry faces (all trimesters) that was particularly evident at trimester 2; 4. the PFC activation was, across trimesters, significantly correlated with distress and selective attention to threat; and 5. the PFC activation was, across trimesters, also significantly associated with increased glucocorticoid and gonadal hormone levels. The main findings of this study are consistent with previous literature insofar as distress has previously been associated with altered cognitive-affective processing and prefrontal cortex activation, but extend it by showing that emotional regulation is altered in pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant state. These data provide an important insight into distressing psychological symptoms and their associations with cognitive-affective processes, and changes in neural circuitry and in hormone levels in pregnancy. These findings are also the first to show that structures involved in emotional processing (e.g. the PFC) also play a role in the regulation of affect in pregnancy. Future research should explore the causal mechanisms underlying altered emotional regulation in pregnancy, and include pregnant women that are clinically depressed or anxious as comparison subjects.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Swangerskap word dikwels geassosieër met stres-veroorsakende sielkundige simptome soos angstigheid. Hierdie simptome mag die gevolg wees van veranderinge in kognitief-affektiewe prosessering, wat op sy beurt mag dui op hormonale veranderinge. Bevindinge oor assosiasies tussen sielkundige stres, kognitief-affektiewe prosessering en hormone is tot dusver onbeslis. Voorts was min studies gerig op die neurologiese meganika onderliggend aan stres en kognitief-affektiewe prosessering tydens swangerskap. Die prefrontale korteks (PFK) het 'n spesifieke rol in die regulering van emosie. Die bepaling van spesifieke assosiasies tussen veranderinge in kognitief-affektiewe prosessering en in prefrontale regulering is belangrik, gegewe die hoë voorkoms van toestande soos depressie en angssteurings tydens swangerskap. Die doel met hierdie studie was 'n ondersoek na assosiasies tussen stres-veroorsakende sielkundige simptome, kognitief-affektiewe prosesse en neurobiologie tydens swangerskap. Swanger vroue met lae risiko enkel-swangerskappe is gewerf by klinieke in Wes-Kaapland. Gesonde nie-swanger vroue is uit dieselfde omgewing gewerf as kontroles. Angs-vlakke is geevalueer met behulp van die K-10; die Spielberger State-Trait Inventory en die Perceived Stress Scale. Vrae is tydens ondersoeke gevra oor subjektief-ervaarde kognitiewe vermoë. Voorts is kognitiewe vermoë geëvalueer met behulp van gestandardiseerde neurosielkundige toetse. Hierbenewens is selektiewe aandag aan bedreigende gesigte wat vrees en woede toon, geëvalueer met behulp van 'n Facial Stroop Task. Neurologiese funksie is geëvalueer met gebruik van Na-Infrarooi Spektroskopie terwyl dinamiese bedreigende emosionele gesigsuitdrukkings vertoon is (Emotion Recognition Task). Gluko-kortikoïed (kortisol) en geslagshormoonvlakke (estrogeen, progesteroon, en testosteroon) is gemeet tydens elke trimester. Verwantskappe tussen stresvolle simptome, kognitief-affektiewe prosessering en neurobiologie is geëvalueer met standaard statistiese metodes. Die hoofbevindinge het op die volgende gedui: 1. swanger vroue het betekenisvolle hoër trait angs-vlakke getoon in trimester 2, vergeleke met trimester 1; 2. vergeleke met nie-swanger vroue, het swanger vroue beduidend meer aandag geskenk aan angstige gesigsuitdrukkings tydens elke trimester wat mag dui op veranderde kognitief-affektiewe prosessering tydens swangerskap vergeleke met nie-swangerskap; 3. swanger vroue het beduidend hoër PFK aktivering getoon teenoor angstige en kwaai gesigte in alle trimesters, maar veral in trimester 2; 4. swanger vroue se PFK aktivering het, in alle trimesters, beduidend gekorreleer het met stres-vlakke en selektiewe aandag teenoor bedreigende stimuli; en 5. swanger vroue se PFK aktivering het, in alle trimesters, ook 'n beduidende verwantskap getoon met verhoogde gluko-kortikoïed en geslagshormoonvlakke. Die hoofbevindinge in hierdie studie stem ooreen met vorige literatuur wat aangedui het dat daar 'n verband is tussen stres en veranderinge in kognitief-affektiewe prosessering en in prefrontale korteks aktivering, maar dui verder op veranderinge in emosionele regulering tydens swangerskap vergeleke met nie-swangerskap. Die data bied 'n belangrike insig in stres-veroorsakende sielkundige simptome; hul verwantskap met kognitief-affektiewe prosesse; veranderinge in neurologiese netwerke; en veranderinge in hormoonvlakke tydens swangerskap. Sover bekend is dit ook die eerste keer bevind dat strukture wat betrokke is by emosionele prosessering (bv. die PFK), ook betrokke is in die regulering van emosie tydens swangerskap. Dit is belangrik dat toekomstige navorsing die onderliggende meganismes wat veranderinge in emosionele regulering teweeg bring, ondersoek. Verdere ondersoek om hierdie veranderinge in swanger depressie-lyers of diegene met angssteurings te vergelyk is ook van belang.
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Costa, Magali Pedro. "Three essays on firms' financial distress." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/17512.
Full textAbstract:
Financial and output market decisions are crucial to the success or failure of an or-
ganization. These decisions are influenced by the dynamic and competitive economic
environment in which firms operate and, in turn, affect the ability of firms to meet their
debt obligations.
This thesis is constituted by three separate but interrelated essays which explore the
impact of financial and operating decisions on the default risk. The first two essays study
the equilibrium default probability, in a two-stage differentiated product duopoly model
with uncertainty, where firms decide their financial structure in the first stage and their
quantities in the second stage. These two essays analyze the impact of changes in the
parameters of the model, on the equilibrium default probability (the first essay uses com-
parative statics tools while the second uses numerical simulation). The impact of changes
in the uncertainty level, in the degree of product substitutability, in the marginal costs
and in the default cost on the financing and output decisions and on the default risk are
analyzed. The third essay tests empirical the relationship between market structure and
capital structure decisions and their relationship with the default probability using a sam-
ple of eleven members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD).
The three essays reach a coherent set of conclusions. In particular, they show that
uncertainty, market structure and default costs influence financial and product market de-
cisions and the probability of default. Moreover, they show that the default probability is
influenced directly by the parameters, but it is also influenced by the way firms optimally
adjust their financial and product market decisions when the parameters change. There-
fore a less favorable environment does not necessarily imply higher default probability, as
firms may respond by financing less with debt; RESUMO:Decisões financeiras e no mercado do produto são cruciais para o sucesso ou falência de
uma organização. Estas decisões são influenciadas pelo ambiente econômico, dinâmico e
competitivo em que as empresas operam e, por sua vez, afetam a capacidade das empresas
cumprirem suas obrigações.
Esta tese é constituída por três ensaios distintos, mas interrelacionados que exploram
o impacto das decisões financeiras e operacionais sobre o risco de incumprimento. Os dois
primeiros ensaios estudam a probabilidade de incumprimento de equilíbrio, num modelo
duopólio, com produtos diferenciados, com dois estágios e com incerteza, onde as em-
presas no primeiro estágio decidem a sua estrutura financeira, e no segundo estágio as
suas quantidades. Estes dois ensaios analisam o impacto de alterações dos parâmetros
do modelo na probabilidade de incumprimento de equilíbrio (o primeiro ensaio usa ferra-
mentas de estática comparada, enquanto o segundo usa simulação numérica). É analisado
o impacto de mudanças no nível de incerteza, no grau de substituibilidade do produto,
nos custos marginais e no custo de incumprimento sobre as decisões de financiamento e
de produção, e sobre o risco de incumprimento. O terceiro ensaio testa empíricamente a
relação entre estrutura de mercado e as decisões da estrutura de capital e a sua relação
com a probabilidade de incumprimento, utilizando uma amostra de onze membros da
Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Económico (OCDE).
Os três ensaios chegam a um conjunto coerente de conclusões. Nomeadamente, mostram
que a incerteza, a estrutura de mercado e custos de incumprimento infuenciam as decisões
financeiras e no mercado do produto e a probabilidade de incumprimento. Além disso,
mostram que a probabilidade de incumprimento é infuênciada diretamente pelos parâmetros
, mas também é infuênciada pela forma como as empresas ajustam de forma ótima as
suas decisões financeiras e no mercado do produto quando os parâmetros alteram. Por
conseguinte, um ambiente menos favorável não significa necessariamente maior probabilidade
de incumprimento, uma vez que as empresas podem responder financiando-se com menos dívida
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Fonseca, Eneida Simões da. "Young children's distress during radiological examinations." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021949/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a series of studies aiming to understand young children's (12 to 41 months of age) distress behaviour during radiological examinations. A multifactorial model is proposed to account for variations in the amount of distress behaviour children exhibit during radiological examinations. By way of testing the model, the research examines the relative contribution of a number of variables to such distress behaviour. The Feasibility Study (n=34) was designed mainly to obtain an overall understanding of the different examinations that young children receive at the Department of Paediatric Radiology in a children's hospital. It involved twelve different examinations. The purposes of the Pilot Study (n=48) were to ensure that it was possible to assess in a systematic way the patterns of behaviour presented by young children undergoing ultrasound scans, and to identify and refine the structure of the instruments to be used in a substantial study which would be submitted to the hospital's Research Ethics Committee. The ultrasound scan was the sole examination observed in this study. The Intervention Study's (n=213) main purpose was to assess whether an approach which involved prior rehearsal of the examination and an active, structured role for the parent and child, was effective in reducing children's distress. For this study, two different examinations, i.e., micturating cystogram and ultrasound scan were included. The aims of the Study of Staff Behaviour (n=41) were to show whether the behaviour of the staff contributed to the child's reduced level of distress during the examination. It comprised observations of the ultrasound scan examinations. The results demonstrated that the ultrasound examination, which was not painful or uncomfortable, was almost as distressing for these young children as an examination (the micturating cystogram) which involved substantial discomfort. Parent-child preparation was not effective in preventing or reducing the children's distress. However, staff behaviour during the initial phase of the examination was an important determinant of the child's subsequent distress behaviour.
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Aziz, Muhammad A. "Predicting corporate financial distress in UK." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34090.
Full textAbstract:
The motivation for empirical research in corporate financial distress prediction is clear: the early detection of financial distress and the use of corrective measures are preferable to protection under insolvency law. Many different models have been used to predict corporate financial distress, and choosing between them for empirical application is not straightforward. One objective of this research is providing a comprehensive review, clarifying the problem of model choice in empirical prediction of corporate financial distress. To that end, we conduct a meta-analysis of the literature reviewed in this thesis. This analysis supports the use of Multiple Discriminant Analysis on rather objective grounds. This study adopts a novel approach by using a large panel of UK-quoted firms (3135) from 1990 to 2004 and develops a multiple discriminant distress prediction model, using 58 firm-specific financial ratios. The results are also compared with cross-sectional data sets and using GDP growth rate as a control variable.
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Haddad, Lisa, and Sharon Bigger. "Radiology Nursing Ethics and Moral Distress." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8511.
Full textAbstract:
Ethics in health care is a topic that has been around since ancient times. It was the basis for the Hippocratic Oath. With the development of modern nursing and specialties in nursing, ethics in nursing becomes an important topic for consideration. This article gives an overview of the history of ethics, with particular considerations to nursing ethics. It provides an overview of moral distress within nursing and how ethical decisions affect care. It also provides examples of ethics within radiology nursing.
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Wentzell, Katherine. "Measuring Diabetes Distress in Emerging Adulthood:." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109070.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Judith A. VesseySignificance of Problem: Emerging adults (ages 18-30) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are a specific group that experiences worse glycemic control, more frequent severe hypoglycemia and more frequent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) than any other age group. The multiple transitions and stressors associated with the developmental stage of emerging adulthood can magnify and exacerbate the diabetes specific emotional burden of living with T1D, resulting in increased diabetes distress (DD). However, there is no measure of DD specific to the developmental stage of emerging adulthood. Purpose: The purpose of this program of research is to explicate the need for a developmental stage-specific measure of DD, as well as to develop, refine and psychometrically validate a new measure of DD in emerging adults. Method: This multi-phase study employed methods grounded in both item response theory (Rasch analysis) and classical test theory to reduce, refine and validate a new measure of DD in emerging adulthood, entitled the Problem Areas in Diabetes-Emerging Adult version (PAID-EA). In phase 1, data were collected from emerging adults with T1D using a cross-sectional online survey strategy. Rasch methodology was used to reduce and refine the PAID-EA. In phase 2, an additional cross-sectional online survey was conducted using the refined PAID-EA. Classical test theory-based approaches were employed to examine the psychometric properties of the refined measure. Finally, the relationships between scores on the PAID-EA and related constructs and clinical variables were explored. Conclusions: Collectively, this work advances the science by providing insight into how the challenges of emerging adulthood impact life with T1D during this developmental stage and providing a new measure to accurately and validly capture this experience for both clinical and research purposes
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing
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LaDuke, Sheri L., and Stacey L. Williams. "Stigma, Compassion, Self-Compassion, and Distress." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8075.
Full textAbstract:
Stigma is an individual’s devalued identity or other characteristic that may lead to stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Decades of literature show that experiencing stigma has negative effects on mental health outcomes. However, some research suggests that the experience of stigma leads individuals to cope with adversity in a meaningful way. Understanding how people benefit from adversity will help promote less distress for people who experience different types (visible or covert) of stigma. Three central questions were addressed. First, is level of distress different based on experience with stigma? Second, does having self-compassion buffer individuals with stigma, in that people with more self-compassion would have less distress than those with less self-compassion? Third, does more stigma experiences lead to more compassion toward others and contribute to lower levels of distress? To explore these questions, participants (N = 416) at a southeastern university completed on-line surveys to assess experience with stigma, compassion, and distress. Separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to examine whether (1) quantity of stigma, (2) directness of stigma, (3) level of visibility of stigma were related to distress. The direct experience of stigma and the lack of visibility of the stigmatizing characteristic significantly predicted higher levels of distress (b = .09, p < .01; b = .09, p < .01; respectively). In order to examine self-compassion as a moderator of the effect of stigma on distress, we conducted moderated regression analysis, with distress as the dependent variable, the centered stigma and self-compassion variables, as well as, the interaction between stigma and self-compassion, as predictors. This hypothesis was not supported. In order to address central question three, indirect effects were tested using bootstrapping (an SPSS script; Preacher and Hayes). Indirect experiences of stigma predicted compassion for others (b = .04, p < .05) which predicted less distress (b = -.32, p < .01). Given these results a follow-up study was conducted to further investigate these relationships. In a follow-up study of participants experiencing either a covert or invisible stigmatizing characteristic, self-compassion is induced by encouraging the participant to help another with the same stigmatizing characteristic. Preliminary results of the inductions effects on compassion for others, self-compassion, and distress will be presented.
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DellaRipa, Judith. "Distress in Women with Ovarian Cancer." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3458.
Full textAbstract:
Clinicians and researchers know that women experience distress related to the diagnosis of and treatment for ovarian cancer. A review of the literature revealed that while there is interest in the topic, distress is inconsistently defined and measured. Women have been reported to have a variety of distress experiences including the challenges of late diagnosis and the treatment regimen, communication difficulties with healthcare providers, and concern about the effect of their diagnosis on their loved ones. Without information directly from women, assumptions predominate about what the experience is like and what they would find helpful from support persons. Women’s perceptions about distress was identified as a gap in the knowledge leading to the present study which asked “What do women with ovarian cancer want their spouse/significant other, family, friends, and healthcare providers to know about their experience of distress during diagnosis and treatment?” A qualitative method, Grounded Theory as outlined by Glaser and Strauss in 1967 was chosen to guide this IRB approved study. Twelve women participated in audiotaped interviews contributing data for analysis using the constant comparative method. Six common themes or subcategories emerged across all the interviews and resulted in a conceptualization of the experience as an “existential assault.” Though individual experience differed, abstraction and conceptualization of the data revealed the common themes as (a) “out of the blue like lightning”; (b) “no stone left unturned”; (c)“knowing what I don’t want to know and not knowing what I want to know”; (d) “watching you, watching me- we are both afraid”; (e) “talking yet not talking, about death”; and (f) “now I have to take care of me.” Participants expressed the need for professional support people who contribute their efforts to cure, but who also listen to the participant’s need to manage and control their own experience and to live in ways that give their life meaning and purpose. The experience of distress for the participants was intensified by the needs of those in their social network (spouse/significant other, family, friends, and healthcare providers) who also experienced distress, at times requiring participants to provide support for those who would be expected to be providing support.
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Fitzpatrick, Josée. "The Self and the Other: An Attachment Perspective for Uncovering Dyadic Patterns of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Distress." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37249.
Full textAbstract:
Psychosocial research is increasingly focused on attachment, specifically on the potential mechanisms associating attachment with psychological functioning (Cassidy & Shaver, 2016). In past decades, attachment research has sought to better understand the development of individual psychological distress as well as relationship distress, given its major impacts on the overall well-being of individuals. It is worth noting that researchers have identified specific intrapersonal and interpersonal factors that are important variables to consider in the link between attachment and both individual distress and relationship dissatisfaction (Ensel & Lin, 1991; Hobfoll, 2002). However, little attention has been paid to investigating these mechanisms using a dyadic approach in order to gain a better understanding of reciprocal impacts within couple relationships. Since dyadic research methods have not been commonly utilized for understanding distress within an attachment framework, this has limited our understanding of the effect partners have on one another. Consequentially, the importance of dyadic effects has possibly been minimized in research. The present thesis, composed of two main studies, aims to verify if self-esteem and dyadic trust help explain the link between insecure romantic attachment (attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and individual and relationship distress using actor-partner interdependence mediation model analyses. The studies presented in the present thesis were approved by the University of Ottawa’s Research Ethics Board.
The first study was comprised of two separate studies, both of which aimed to assess a conceptual model examining whether low self-esteem mediates the relationship between insecure romantic attachment and high psychological distress using two independent samples within unique periods in adulthood: a young adult student sample and a sample of couples in later adulthood who are parents. The first sample consisted of 485 Canadian university students (414 females; M age= 19.83 years) who were all in a couple relationship for at least 6 months at the time of participation. Bootstrapping procedures were utilized to assess indirect effects, and results supported our hypothesized model. As such, low self-esteem mediated the relationship between insecure romantic attachment and high psychological distress for both men and women. The second sample consisted of 35 couples in later adulthood who are parents (70 individuals, M age = 41.04 years). An actor-partner interdependence meditational model was tested to assess actor, partner, and indirect effects. Results showed that low male self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between male attachment anxiety and high male psychological distress. Similarly, low female self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between female attachment anxiety and high female psychological distress. Interestingly, high female self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between female attachment avoidance and low female psychological distress. Unexpectedly, low self-esteem in women fully mediated the relationship between female attachment anxiety and low male psychological distress. In the same vein, high self-esteem in women partially mediated the relationship between female attachment avoidance and high male psychological distress.
The second study investigated whether low dyadic trust mediates the relationship between insecure romantic attachment and low relationship satisfaction in a third independent community sample of heterosexual couples engaged in a relationship for at least 12 months. The sample consisted of 199 Canadian couples ranging from young to later adulthood (398 individuals, M age = 31.02 years). An actor-partner meditational model was used to test hypothesized relations. Results revealed that lower dyadic trust partially explained the relationship between both male and female attachment avoidance and male attachment anxiety with lower relationship satisfaction.
Findings from these studies have major implications for both clinical applications as well as future research directions. Specifically, gaining a better understanding of the role of romantic partners in the overall well-being of individuals can confirm as well as guide couple therapy conceptualizations and techniques. Uncovering existing dyadic patterns can also help support romantic relationship theories and shape future research avenues.
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Lam, Wendy Wing-Tak. "Interrelationships among physical symptom distress, psychological distress, and fatigue in women with breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29303.pdf.
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Barroquillo, Ashley D. "Trajectory of Distress for Bone Marrow Transplant Inpatients and Validation of Jewish Hospital BMTU Distress Screening Measure." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier151024883287562.
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Larson, Christine M. "Construction and Validation of a Self-Report Measure of Trichotillomania Distress: The Hairpulling Distress and Impairment Scale (HDIS)." Connect to Online Resource-OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1184697559.
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Oshiro, Renan Kenji. "Estruturas de governança corporativa e financial distress: há relação entre conselho de administração e empresas em financial distress?" reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15858.
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In this master’s thesis it was analyzed if there is a significant relationship among governance structures (structure and board composition) and financial distress. This essay focused on this issue because academic studies in corporate governance and its relation to financial distress are still largely unexplored. In addition, the topic has relevance in the corporate world, since understanding which board structures and its compositions would be more efficient to avoid financial distress is attractive for many stakeholders, mainly for shareholders and creditors. To check the existence of this relationship, it was used data from Brazilian public companies and logit models of financial distress were developed. With financial distress as response variable and starting from a base model with financial control variables, new determinants and combinations of these variables were added step by step to set up intermediate models. At last, the final model included all relevant explanatory variables. The variables can be classified into governance structure variables (DUA, GOV and COF), board quality (QUA) and ownership structure (PRO1 and PRO2). The following base models were used: Daily and Dalton (1994a) and an own model, which was developed to model better financial distress and its relation to the governance structure variables. In several tested models, significant relationships were found in the percentage of dependent directors (GOV), percentage of education’s elite directors (QUA), percentage of discriminated stock (PRO1) and percentage of relevant state stock ownership (PRO2). Hence, the hypothesis that more dependent directors, less education’s elite directors and less concentrated ownership structures contribute to a future financial distress situation cannot be rejected. On the other hand, in dummy variables as duality (DUA) and supervisory board (COF) were not found statistical significance
Nesta dissertação foi analisada se há uma relação significante entre estruturas de governança (estrutura e composição de conselho) e financial distress. Este trabalho focou neste tema porque os estudos acadêmicos em governança corporativa e sua relação com financial distress ainda são pouco explorados. Além disso, o tema tem relevância no mundo corporativo, pois entender quais estruturas e composições de conselho seriam mais eficientes para evitar financial distress é interessante para diversos stakeholders, principalmente para os acionistas e os credores. Para verificar a existência dessa relação, foram utilizados dados de empresas brasileiras de capital aberto e foram desenvolvidos modelos logit de financial distress. Sendo a variável resposta financial distress, partiu-se de um modelo base com variáveis financeiras de controle e, por etapas, foram adicionadas novos determinantes e combinações dessas variáveis para montar modelos intermediários. Por fim, o modelo final contou com todas as variáveis explicativas mais relevantes. As variáveis de estudo podem ser classificadas em variáveis de estrutura de governança (DUA, GOV e COF), qualidade do conselho (QUA) e estrutura de propriedade (PRO1 e PRO2). Os modelos base utilizados foram: Daily e Dalton (1994a) e um próprio, desenvolvido para modelar melhor financial distress e sua relação com as variáveis de estrutura de governança. Nos diversos modelos testados foram encontradas relações significativas no percentual de conselheiros dependentes (GOV), percentual de conselheiros da elite educacional (QUA), percentual de ações discriminadas (PRO1) e percentual de ações de acionista estatal relevante (PRO2). Portanto, não se descartam as hipóteses de que mais conselheiros dependentes, menos conselheiros da elite educacional e estrutura de propriedade menos concentrada contribuem para uma situação de financial distress futura. Entretanto, as variáveis dummy de dualidade (DUA) e de conselho fiscal (COF) não apresentaram significância estatística
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Pranckh, Rupprecht. "Corporate Financial Distress and Financial Restructuring Solutions." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01666007002/$FILE/01666007002.pdf.
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Rutishauser, Philipp. "Unternehmen im Financial Distress Modelle zur Krisenfrüherkennung /." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/03601762001/$FILE/03601762001.pdf.
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Pruikkonen, H. (Hannele). "Viral infection induced respiratory distress in childhood." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207919.
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Abstract Dyspnoea associated with respiratory infection is a common symptom in infancy and early childhood. Inspiratory stridor is the main symptom in cases of croup and expiratory wheezing in cases of bronchiolitis, obstructive bronchitis and acute asthma exacerbations. Dyspnoea associated with respiratory infection is a common cause of emergency department visits and unplanned hospital admissions among infants and preschool children. The assessment of dyspnea associated with acute childhood respiratory infection is largely subjective, and evidence regarding the severity of acute dyspnoea is needed in order to target hospital admissions more accurately. Wheezing associated with respiratory infection in infancy has been recognized as an important predictor of recurrent wheezing and asthma at school age. The aims of this study were to determine the risk factors for croup, to evaluate factors that reliably predict the need for hospitalizing children with acute wheezing and to find out whether respiratory infection with wheezing during infancy has a positive association with the development of asthma during childhood. The work included two register-based surveys and one prospective cohort study. It is concluded that a family history of croup is an exceptionally strong risk factor for croup and its recurrence in childhood. The early phase of bronchiolitis is unstable in infants below 6 months of age. These infants are most likely to need medical interventions in the first 5 days after onset of the disease. A positive respiratory syncytial -virus test result, a fever of more than 38°C and low initial oxygen saturation are predictors of the need for hospitalization and medical interventions. An initial oxygen saturation >93% effectively identifies children aged more than 6 months with mild wheezing, and this limit can be used to avoid unplanned hospital admissions. There is an association between early respiratory syncytial -virus infections and subsequent wheezing and asthma, in that such infections select children who are prone to wheezing and asthma before school age, but the symptoms tend to decrease with time and an early respiratory syncytial -virus infection will not permanently alter bronchial reactivityTiivistelmä Hengitysvaikeus on yleinen oire lapsilla virusten aiheuttamien hengitystieinfektioiden yhteydessä. Kurkunpäätulehdukseen liittyy sisäänhengitysvaikeus. Ilmatiehyttulehdukseen, ahtauttavaan keuhkoputkentulehdukseen ja akuuttiin astmakohtaukseen liittyy uloshengitysvaikeus. Hengitystieinfektioihin liittyvä hengitysvaikeus on yksi yleisimmistä syistä päivystyspoliklinikkakäynteihin ja äkillisiin sairaalahoitojaksoihin lapsipotilailla. Hengitystieinfektioiden taudinkulun tuntemisella ja hengitysvaikeuden vaikeusasteen arvioinnilla on tärkeä merkitys näiden potilaiden hoidon toteuttamisessa. Hengitystieinfektioon liittyvää hengitysvaikeutta on pidetty riskitekijänä astman kehittymiselle. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää kurkunpäätulehduksen riskitekijöitä ja sairaalahoitoon vaikuttavia tekijöitä hengitystieinfektioon liittyvän uloshengitysvaikeuden hoidossa sekä varhaislapsuudessa sairastetun hengitystieinfektion yhteyttä myöhempään astma- ja allergiasairastavuuteen. Tutkimukseen sisältyi kaksi rekisteriaineistoa ja yksi seurantatutkimusaineisto. Tutkimuksessa todettiin, että kurkunpäätulehduksen uusiutuminen on erittäin tavallista ja sisarusten ja vanhempien sairastama kurkunpäätulehdus on merkittävin riskitekijä kurkunpäätulehdukselle ja sen uusiutumiselle. Alle 6 kuukauden ikäisillä lapsilla ilmatiehyttulehduksen taudinkuva on epävakaa ensimmäisen 5 oirepäivän aikana. Kuume, matala happisaturaatioarvo ja respiratory syncytial -virusinfektio ennustavat osastohoidon ja invasiivisten toimenpiteiden tarvetta ilmatiehyttulehduksen yhteydessä. Yli 6 kuukauden ikäisillä lapsilla happisaturaatioarvo > 93 % ennustaa lievää taudinkuvaa hengitystieinfektioon liittyvän uloshengitysvaikeuden hoidossa. Käyttämällä tätä happisaturaatioarvoa raja-arvona, kun arvioidaan sairaalahoidon tarvetta, voidaan merkittävästi ja turvallisesti vähentää sairaalahoidon tarvetta lasten hengitystieinfektioon liittyvän uloshengitysvaikeuden hoidossa. Alle 6 kuukauden iässä sairastettu respiratory syncytial -virusinfektio on riskitekijä varhaislapsuudessa ilmeneville astmaoireille, mutta tämä riski vähenee iän myötä ja 8 vuoden iässä ei ole havaittavissa eroja astma- ja allergiasairastavuudessa, kun verrataan näitä potilaita muun hengitystieinfektion sairastaneisiin potilaisiin ja terveisiin kontrollipotilaisiin
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Janice, Josephine. "Preschoolers' Prosocial Responding to Social Others' Distress." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10277247.
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Janice, Josephine. Bachelor of Arts, University of Indonesia, Spring 2014; Master of Science, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Summer 2017 Major: Psychology Title of Thesis: Preschoolers? Prosocial Responding to Social Others? Distress Thesis Director: Dr. Hung-Chu Lin Pages in Thesis: 83; Words in Abstract: 199 ABSTRACT The present study examined the effect of familiarity with social partners on preschoolers? prosocial responses to social others? distress and related their responses to dispositional empathy and temperamental inhibition. Sixty-one preschoolers (38 boys, 23 girls, mean age: 44 months) were recruited from local preschools. Preschoolers went through three conditions of simulated distress in different social partners in the same order (the caregiver, an adult stranger, and an infant manikin). Parent-report Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM) and the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire (BIQ) were used to measure children?s dispositional empathy and temperamental inhibition. The results indicated that preschoolers? behavioral responses to social others? distress varied by familiarity with social partners, with the greatest amount of time spent in showing caregiver-oriented actions followed by infant-oriented actions. Overall, higher levels of dispositional empathy were related to a greater amount of time spent in response behaviors with a focus on others? well-being. Temperamental inhibition also exhibited predictive values for prosocial behavior, with high inhibition related to less other-oriented behaviors. Together, the present study underscored the social and personality factors that are implicated with individual differences in preschool children?s prosocial responses to social others? distress. Keywords: preschoolers, prosocial behavior, familiarity, social partners, dispositional empathy, temperamental inhibition
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Benzimra, Yaniv. "Running-head: Workplace stress and overall distress." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/21387.
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Simpson-Adkins, Graham. "Parents, adverse childhood experiences and psychological distress." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/82613/.
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International prevalence rates of both Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Mental Health Difficulties (MHD) are consistently high. Research has also repeatedly identified strong positive correlations between these two widespread public health issues, both of which demonstrate intergenerational continuity and broad negative health and social outcomes. Due to these intergenerational risks, this thesis attempts to contribute to the knowledge base regarding aspects of both ACEs and MHD, from a familial perspective. Chapter one synthesises qualitative literature regarding the way in which children of parents who experience MHD make sense of their parent’s MHD. The review analysed findings across 14 studies, which produced three overarching themes. Children’s understanding of their parent’s MHD seemingly operated within a biopsychosocial model. This conceptualisation had numerous effects on their life and impacted on their perception of mental health more generally. Clinical implications for services working with children, parents and families, alongside limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed. Chapter two presents a research paper that aimed to understand how parents experienced routine enquiry about their own ACEs. Thematic analysis produced three themes across eleven semi-structured interviews, from seven participants. The findings proposed a five-stage chronological model of ACE enquiry, which seemed to incorporate a process of post-disclosure behaviour change. However, results also raise important clinical issues associated with power dynamics. Theoretical contributions and clinical recommendations are presented in relation to trauma enquiry and disclosure literature. Finally, chapter three offers a summary of the research findings and reflections, presented as chapters that articulate key decision and learning points.
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Abou, Abbas Linda. "Obesity and Psychological Distress in Young Adults." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/222020.
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Background: Obesity has been identified as a global epidemic and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although obesity has been widely recognized for its consequences on physical health, its psychological burden in the adult populations remains unclear. Objectives: Our purpose was to address the relationship between Obesity status and psychological health within the adult young population in the Middle East and particularly in Lebanon (first aim). In addition, we intended to develop and validate a screening tool for the assessment of psychological distress (PD) in the obese young adult populations (second aim). Methods: To achieve the first aim, three studies were conducted. The first study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that investigate the association between obesity and depression among adult populations in Middle Eastern countries. The second study was a cross sectional that aimed to explore the relationship between obesity and PD among the Lebanese University Students. The third study was conducted to examine the effects of actual body weight and body image on PD using a convenient sample of obese Lebanese young adults. The second aim was accomplished by conducting a fourth study to develop and validate a measure of PD related to obesity using three different samples of obese young adults. Results: The systematic review identified eight observational studies from six countries of the Middle East. Meta-analysis showed a significant positive association between obesity and depression (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.11–1.44) particularly in women (Study1). Among the Lebanese university students, no evidence of a positive association was found between obesity and PD for both genders (Study 2). This result was confirmed in our third study in which body image dissatisfaction rather than obesity per se was associated with greater risk for PD. Finally, the “Obesity Specific Distress scale” (OSD) developed to measure distress in the obese young adult population demonstrated good psychometric properties regarding internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity (Study 4). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests a positive association between obesity and depression among adult population in the Middle East which appeared to be more marked among women. This is of public health significance and provides a framework for establishing policy interventions to diagnose and treat depression in obese adults. In Lebanon, young obese adults who suffer from body image dissatisfaction are at increased risk of PD. Public health interventions targeting PD at the population level may need to promote healthy attitudes towards body weight, body shape and self-acceptance, regardless of weight status. Finally, the developed instrument used to assess young obese persons with high risk of PD can help promote a better understanding of the association between PD and obesity. This might improve the outcome and provide the patients with more efficient treatment.Doctorat en Santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Wade, Terrance James. "Stress and distress among husbands and wives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq28527.pdf.
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Stulpinienė, Vaida. "Financial distress prediction model of family farms." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20140123_133545-56537.
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Designed financial distress prediction model is intended directly for the farmer (decision-maker) in order to diagnose the farm’s financial condition and predict the likelihood of financial distress, by using financial information of his farm. There are identified family farm characteristics in which family farms have higher risks to run in financial distress and are guidelines for the family farms that intend to more carefully monitor and control their financial condition. The aim of the research: after analysing the conception of financial distress and identifying the factors determining the financial condition as well as related indicators and prediction models, to methodologically justify and design financial distress prediction model of family farms.Parengtas finansinio išsekimo prognozavimo modelis tiesiogiai skirtas ūkininkui, kuris panaudodamas savo ūkio finansinę informaciją, galėtų diagnozuoti ūkio finansinę būklę ir iš anksto numatyti finansinio išsekimo grėsmę. Disertacijoje nustatytos ir įvardintos ūkininkų ūkių charakteristikos, kurioms esant ūkiai turi didesnes grėsmes finansiškai išsekti, yra gairės ūkininkų ūkiams, kurie ketina atidžiau stebėti savo veiklą ir kontroliuoti finansinę būklę. Tyrimo tikslas – ištyrus finansinio išsekimo sampratą, identifikavus finansinę būklę sąlygojančius veiksnius, indikatorius ir prognozavimo modelius, metodologiškai pagrįsti ir parengti ūkininkų ūkių finansinio išsekimo prognozavimo modelį.
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Wilson, Christopher C. "Paternal postpartum distress : a discourse analytic study." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5742.
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This portfolio thesis comprises of three parts: a systematic review paper, an empirical report and appendices. Part one is a systematic review in which the literature relating to the empirical paper is reviewed. Literature concerning the prevalence of paternal distress within the first year postpartum is addressed. The review attempts to determine levels of severity and aims to stipulate when distress is more prevalent within the year. The usefulness of such epidemiological data is also considered. Part two is an empirical paper examining the discourses around the postpartum father. The study aimed to conceptualise how the father's discursive position may limit the acceptability of distress in this period. The paper outlines popular competing constructions of postpartum fatherhood and paternal affect drawn from the accounts of first-time parents, midwives and health visitors. The impact of such discursive inconsistency on the recognition of this clinical issue is discussed. Clinical implications are then described. Part three comprises the appendices. A reflective summary drawing on the overall research process is included.
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Langford, Victoria. "Investigation of eating distress and psychological difficulties." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36747/.
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This doctoral thesis examines the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, a proposed risk factor for eating disorders, and the development of eating disorders in women living within a highly specialised environment. The first chapter critically reviews recent literature examining the complex relationship between childhood sexual abuse and eating disorders. Psychological difficulties that are involved in this relationship are explored, methodological limitations and recommendations for future research are also discussed. In addition implications for clinical practice are considered. The second chapter is an empirical study exploring eating distress in women with Borderline Personality Disorder detained in a medium secure setting. The population was assessed using a number of standardised assessments and following this, women displaying signs of eating distress were interviewed to ascertain their in-depth views on food, eating behaviours and their opinion of the support and treatment available. The final chapter provides a reflective account of the author‟s experiences of carrying out sensitive research with women in secure services.