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Academic literature on the topic 'Distensibilità arteriosa'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Distensibilità arteriosa"

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Tajaddini, Azita, Deborah L. Kilpatrick, Paul Schoenhagen, E. Murat Tuzcu, Michael Lieber, and D. Geoffrey Vince. "Impact of age and hyperglycemia on the mechanical behavior of intact human coronary arteries: an ex vivo intravascular ultrasound study." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 288, no. 1 (January 2005): H250—H255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00646.2004.

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Despite their advantages, percutaneous coronary interventional procedures are less effective in diabetic patients. Changes in the mechanical properties of vascular walls secondary to long-term hyperglycemia as well as other factors such as age may influence coronary distensibility. This investigation is aimed at deciphering the extent of these effects on distensibility of postmortem human coronary arteries in a controlled manner. Excised human left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries were obtained within 24 h postmortem. With the use of intravascular ultrasound, vascular deformation was analyzed at midregions of 51 moderate lesions. Intraluminal pressure was systematically altered using a computerized pressure pump system and monitored by a pressure-sensing guidewire. Distensibility, a normalized compliance term, was defined as the change in lumen area normalized by the initial reference area over a given pressure interval. With the use of multivariate analysis and repeated-measures ANOVA, coronary distensibility was independently influenced by hyperglycemia and age ( P < 0.05) through the entire pressure range. Within physiological pressure range, distensibility was significantly reduced with age in nonhyperglycemic coronary specimens (10.55 ± 4.41 vs. 6.99 ± 2.45, ×103 kPa−1, P = 0.01), whereas the hyperglycemic vessels were stiff even in the younger group (7.90 ± 5.82 vs. 7.20 ± 3.36, ×103 kPa−1, P = 0.79). Similar results were observed with stiffness index and elastic modulus of the arteries. Hyperglycemia and age independently influenced the distensibility of moderately atherosclerotic LAD coronary arteries. The stiffening with age was overshadowed in the hyperglycemic group by as-yet-undetermined factors.
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Bia, Daniel, Yanina Zócalo, Sandra Wray, and Edmundo I. Cabrera-Fischer. "Comparative in Vivo Analysis of the Role of the Adventitia and the Endothelium on Arterial Mechanical Function: Relevance for Aortic Counterpulsation." International Journal of Artificial Organs 40, no. 6 (May 24, 2017): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ijao.5000585.

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Purpose The comparative effect of the intimal and adventitial layers on arterial biomechanics control, in basal and altered conditions, remains to be elucidated. This study aimed ( 1 ) to characterize the arterial conduit (CF) and buffering (distensibility) function of the iliac arteries in in vivo animals, in which the intimal and adventitial layers were removed; ( 2 ) to determine the effects of intra-aortic ballon pumping (IABP) on simultaneously de-adventitialized (DA) and de-endothelialized (DE) iliac arteries before and after induced heart failure. Methods Pressure and diameter signals were measured in the iliac arteries of sheep (n = 7) in which the adventitial and intima layer were removed. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) assistance was used in a control state and after heart failure induction. Results Both DE and DA determined significant changes in arterial diameter, distensibility and CF. Changes were higher after DA than after DE in terms of distensibility and CF (p<0.05). DA followed by DE (DA + DE) showed significant increases in arterial diameter and CF, accompanied by a decrease in distensibility (p<0.05) with respect to intact arteries. Heart failure induction caused significant hemodynamic changes without modifying the already impaired local biomechanical parameters. Nonsignificant improvements in the biomechanical parameters of DA+ DE iliac arteries were observed during IABP before and after heart failure induction. Conclusions Biomechanical changes caused by DA of iliac arteries were more important than those observed after DE. The DA + DE arteries showed significant differences with respect to intact arteries and with DA or DE arteries. IABP-related effects on arterial mechanics were absent in DA+ DE arteries.
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Lee, Juhyun, Andrew Phan, and Jing Gao. "Multiparametric Ultrasound to Assess Adult Carotid Arteries." Journal for Vascular Ultrasound 44, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1544316720927879.

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The aim of the study was to assess the value of multiparametric ultrasound in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk screening of the carotid artery. We performed ultrasonography of carotid arteries in 96 adults in 3 age groups: senior (age ≥65 years, n = 44), middle age (age 45-64 years, n = 31), and young adults (age 20-44 years, n = 21). The senior group was then divided into subgroups: athletes (n = 21) and non-athletes (n = 23). Ultrasound parameters included carotid intima-media thickness, distensibility coefficient, and presence of plaque(s). Statistical analyses included one-way analysis of variance with post hoc to analyze the differences in ultrasound parameters among the age groups; unpaired t-test to examine differences between hypertensive and normotensive participants, between seniors with and without plaque(s), and between senior athletes and non-athletes; Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze correlations of ultrasound parameters to age and blood pressure; and intraclass correlation coefficient to test intra- and inter-observer reliability in performing multiparametric ultrasound. Carotid intima-media thickness and distensibility coefficient significantly differed among the 3 age groups and between athletes and non-athletes ( P < .001). Senior athletes had greater distensibility than non-athletes (all Ps < .05). Carotid intima-media thickness was increased and distensibility was reduced with age and hypertension. Age and blood pressure positively correlated with carotid intima-media thickness (Pearson correlation coefficient, r > .21) and negatively with distensibility coefficient (Pearson correlation coefficient, r < –.48). Inter- and intra-observer reliability in performing multiparametric ultrasound was good (intraclass correlation coefficient, r > .81). Multiparametric ultrasound is a useful tool to assess carotid artery function and morphology comprehensively.
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Cheung, Ning, A. Richey Sharrett, Ronald Klein, Michael H. Criqui, F. M. Amirul Islam, Katarzyna J. Macura, Mary Frances Cotch, Barbara E. K. Klein, and Tien Y. Wong. "Aortic Distensibility and Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing." Hypertension 50, no. 4 (October 2007): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.091926.

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Myers, Christopher W., William B. Farquhar, Daniel E. Forman, Todd D. Williams, Dustin L. Dierks, and J. Andrew Taylor. "Carotid distensibility characterized via the isometric exercise pressor response." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 283, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): H2592—H2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00309.2002.

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Distensibility of the large elastic arteries is a key index for cardiovascular health. Distensibility, usually estimated from resting values in humans, is not a static characteristic but a negative curvilinear function of pressure. We hypothesized that differences in vascular function with gender and age may only be recognized if distensibility is quantified over a range of pressures. We used isometric handgrip exercise to induce progressive increases in pressures and carotid diameters, thereby enhancing the characterization of distensibility. In 30 volunteers, evenly distributed by gender and age across the third to fifth decades of life, we derived pulsatile distensibility slopes as a function of arterial pressure for a dynamic distensibility index and compared it with a traditional static index at a reference pressure of 95 mmHg. We also assessed intima-media thickness (IMT). We found that women had greater distensibility slopes within each decade, despite comparable IMT. Furthermore, declines in distensibility slope with increasing age were correlated to increased IMT. The static distensibility index failed to show gender-related differences in distensibility but did show age-related differences. Our results indicate that gender- and age-related differences can be manifest even in young, healthy adults and may only be identified with techniques that assess carotid distensibility across a range of pressures.
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De Meersman, Ronald E., Adrienne S. Zion, Elsa G. V. Giardina, Joseph P. Weir, James S. Lieberman, and John A. Downey. "Estrogen replacement, vascular distensibility, and blood pressures in postmenopausal women." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 274, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): H1539—H1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.5.h1539.

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The pathogenesis of blood pressure (BP) rise in aging women remains unexplained, and one of the many incriminating factors may include abnormalities in arteriolar resistance vessels. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of unopposed estrogen on arteriolar distensibility, baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS), BP changes, and rate-pressure product (RPP). We tested the hypotheses that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) enhances arteriolar distensibility and ameliorates BRS, which leads to decreases in BP and RPP. Postmenopausal women participated in a single-blind crossover study; the participants of this study, after baseline measurements, were randomly assigned to receive estrogen (ERT) or a drug-free treatment with a 6-wk washout period between treatments. The single-blind design was instituted because subjects become unblinded due to physiological changes (i.e., fluid shifts, weight gain, and secretory changes) associated with estrogen intake. However, investigators and technicians involved in data collection and analyses remained blind. After each treatment, subjects performed identical autonomic tests, during which electrocardiograms, beat-by-beat BPs, and respiration were recorded. The area under the dicrotic notch of the BP wave was used as an index of arteriolar distensibility. The magnitude of the reflex bradycardia after a precipitous rise in BP was used to determine BRS. Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability was used to assess autonomic activity. BPs were recorded from resistance vessels in the finger using a beat-by-beat photoplethysmographic device. RPP, a noninvasive marker of myocardial oxygen consumption, was calculated. Repeated-measures analyses of variance revealed a significantly enhanced arteriolar distensibility and BRS after ERT ( P < 0.05). A trend of a lower sympathovagal balance at rest was observed after ERT; however, this trend did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.061) compared with the other treatments. The above autonomic changes produced significantly lower systolic and diastolic BP changes and RPPs ( P < 0.05) at rest and during isometric exercise. We conclude that short-term unopposed ERT favorably enhances arteriolar distensibility, BRS, and hemodynamic parameters in postmenopausal women. These findings have clinical implications in the goals for treating cardiovascular risk factors in aging women.
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Zhang, Yunlong, and Sandra T. Davidge. "Estrogen replacement increases coronary artery distensibility in ovariectomized rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y98-145.

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The effect of estrogen on the passive characteristics of arteries is not known. We hypothesized that estrogen would increase arterial distensibility as part of its protective effect on the vasculature. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized at 11 weeks of age. One group received a placebo (n = 6), while two other groups (n = 5 each) of rats received a 17β-estradiol pellet (0.15 mg or 0.5 mg with 60-day release). After 4 weeks of estrogen replacement, coronary and mesenteric arteries (<200 µm diameter) were dissected and mounted on a dual-chamber arteriograph. Lumen diameter and wall thickness were measured in pressurized arteries. The relative changes in diameter (distensibility) as well as wall thickness per unit change in pressure were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the coronary arteries of the 0.5 mg estradiol replaced rats compared with the ovariectomized control animals and the 0.15 mg estradiol replaced rats. Surprisingly, in the mesenteric arteries from the same animals, there was no difference in distensibility or pressure - wall thickness among the groups. This study provides experimental data of a novel hypothesis that estrogen may afford part of its protection through vascular remodeling of the coronary circulation.Key words: vasculature, remodeling, cardiovascular disease.
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Baumbach, G. L., J. E. Siems, F. M. Faraci, and D. D. Heistad. "Mechanics and composition of arterioles in brain stem and cerebrum." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 256, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): H493—H501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.256.2.h493.

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The goal of this study was to compare mechanics and composition of arterioles in brain stem and cerebrum. We calculated stress and strain of pial arterioles in anesthetized rats from measurements of pial arteriolar pressure (servo-null), diameter, and cross-sectional area of the vessel wall. Composition of pial arterioles was quantitated using point-counting stereology. Before deactivation of smooth muscle with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), pial arteriolar pressure and diameter were 28 and 30% greater (P less than 0.05) in brain stem than cerebrum. After EDTA, diameter of arterioles was similar in brain stem and cerebrum. Cross-sectional area of the arteriolar wall was 32% greater (P less than 0.05) in brain stem than cerebrum. Stress-strain curves indicated that distensibility of pial arterioles is greater in brain stem than cerebrum. The proportion of nondistensible (collagen and basement membrane) to distensible (elastin, smooth muscle, and endothelium) components was 20% less (P less than 0.05) in brain stem than cerebral arterioles. We conclude that 1) cross-sectional area of the vessel wall in arterioles of comparable size is greater in brain stem than cerebrum, 2) distensibility of arterioles is greater in brain stem than cerebrum, despite greater cross-sectional area of the arteriolar wall in brain stem, and 3) the proportion of elastic components is greater in brain stem than cerebral arterioles, which may contribute to greater arteriolar distensibility in brain stem.
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Hillier, S. C., P. S. Godbey, C. C. Hanger, J. A. Graham, R. G. Presson, O. Okada, J. H. Linehan, C. A. Dawson, and W. W. Wagner. "Direct measurement of pulmonary microvascular distensibility." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 5 (November 1, 1993): 2106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.5.2106.

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Pulmonary vascular distensibility has an important influence on pulmonary hemodynamics. Although many measurements of distensibility have been made on large pulmonary vessels, there is less information on microvascular distensibility. We have measured the distensibility of the smallest (< 70-microns-diam) precapillary arterioles and postcapillary venules. Isolated dog lobes, at 2.5 cmH2O transpulmonary pressure, were perfused at low flows, which caused the arteriovenous pressure gradient to be very small and thereby permitted accurate estimation of microvascular pressure. As microvascular pressure was systematically varied between 0 and 30 mmHg, subpleural microvascular diameters were determined from computer-enhanced images obtained by videomicroscopy. Arteriolar and venular distensibilities were not different from each other. The microvascular pressure-diameter relationship was alinear with distensibility coefficients of 1–3% mmHg-1, values that are of the same order of magnitude as previously measured distensibilities of 100- to 1,000-microns-diam canine pulmonary vessels.
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Hoeks, A. P. G., P. J. Brands, F. A. M. Smeets, and R. S. Reneman. "Assessment of the distensibility of superficial arteries." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 16, no. 2 (January 1990): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-5629(90)90139-4.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Distensibilità arteriosa"

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WHISSTOCK, CHRISTINE. "Distensibilità arteriosa in pazienti con disturbi del sonno." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7473.

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Le alterazioni delle proprietà visco-elastiche della parete vasale modificano le capacità e le funzioni di quest’ultima; è inoltre ormai accettato che l’irrigidimento della parete costituisca un parametro precoce per definire il grado di rischio di patologie cardio e cerebrovascolari. La sindrome delle apnee ostruttive (OSA) è riconosciuta come fattore di rischio indipendente per la patologia cardiovascolare: ipertensione arteriosa sistemica, scompenso cardiaco, coronaropatie, aritmie, mortalità e morbidità cardiovascolare oltre che per eventi acuti cerebrovascolari. E’ stato dimostrato che soggetti con OSA presentano segni precoci di aterosclerosi quali alterazioni della distensibilità vascolare, incremento della rigidità arteriosa e dello spessore miointimale indipendentemente dalla presenza di altri fattori di rischio cardiovascolari. Le alterazioni vascolari sono inoltre correlate alla severità dell’OSA. La rigidità arteriosa, in particolare, è al momento ritenuta indicatore predittivo di rischio cardiovascolare migliore della pressione arteriosa. Nel nostro studio ci siamo posti l’obiettivo di misurare se esiste una correlazione tra disturbo del sonno e le alterazioni strutturali e funzionali della parete arteriosa. Sono stati pertanto arruolati 39 soggetti di cui 11 femmine e 28 maschi che riferivano disturbi del sonno (russamento, risvegli notturni ripetuti, sonnolenza nelle ore diurne). L’età media era di 59 anni; di questi 25 erano in sovrappeso (BMI>25) e 14 erano normopeso (BMI<25), 12 avevano una anamnesi positiva per tabagismo, 16 erano moderatamente dislipidemici e 16 erano ipertesi in terapia medica con buon controllo dei valori pressori. Nel grafico potete vedere indicate le medie della PA sistolica e diastolica misurata con sfigmomanometro, con metodica semiautomatica e tonometrica. I pazienti sono stati sottoposti a polisonnografia, alla valutazione morfologica e funzionale dell’arteria carotide, alla tonometria arteriosa transcutanea e alla pulse wave velocity carotido-femorale e carotido-radiale. Le tracce polisonnografiche sono state soddisfacenti per tutti i soggetti esaminati. Per ogni paziente sono stati analizzati i minuti complessivi di apnea indipendentemente dalla tipologia della stessa (apnea ostruttiva, centrale o mista), la loro valutazione ha permesso di documentare che 18 pazienti erano affetti da OSAs. Da una prima analisi si vede come nel gruppo di pazienti con OSA la PAS risultani aumentata in modo significativo. In questa tabella sono indicati i dati dei pazienti divisi secondo l'indice di massa corporea. 25 pazienti erano in sovrappeso e 14 pazienti erano normopeso. Inoltre prendendo in considerazione la velocità dell'onda di polso carotido-femorale, 20 pazienti risultavano avere una PWV aumentata e 19 una PWV nella norma. I dati che emergono dal nostro studio sono la significativa correlazione dell’età dei pazienti con la PWV carotido-femorale e con lo spessore miointimale. Per quanto riguarda la pressione arteriosa sistolica misurata in maniera semiautomatica, tale parametro correla significativamente sia con la PWV carotido-femorale che con l'IMT. I dati ottenuti hanno permesso di dimostrare una correlazione significativa tra durata delle apnee (indipendentemente dalla tipologia della stessa – apnea ostruttiva, centrale o mista) e le variabili vascolari esaminate, ovvero con l’IMTe con la velocità dell’onda sfigmica carotido-femorale. I nostri dati oltre a confermare quanto già proposto da altri Autori circa l’impatto negativo tra OSA e IMT, evidenziano una relazione tra tempo di apnea e PWV, metodo considerato il “gold standard” nella misura della distensibilità arteriosa; pertanto si può affermare che il disturbo del sonno contribuisca ad una alterazione sia strutturale che funzionale della parete arteriosa e che quindi possa predisporre ad uno sviluppo più rapido di aterosclerosi. In secondo luogo si può si può notare come la PWV carotido-femorale sia correlata a diversi markers di rischio cardiovascolare, in particolare con i valori pressori e con l’età, confermando, come già noto in letteratura come l’irrigidimento di parete incrementi con l’aumentare della pressione arteriosa e dell’età, fattore di rischio non modificabile nel determinare le alterazioni strutturali della parete arteriosa. I nostri dati permettono di fare un’ulteriore osservazione: lo spessore mio intimale dell’arteria carotide correla, oltre che con l’età, anche con i secondi di apnea. Questo suggerisce che le alterazioni strutturali della anatomia della parete vasale si sviluppano indipendentemente dalla presenza di altri fattori di rischio nei pazienti con disturbi del sonno . Tuttavia, malgrado la significatività statistica, il limite principali del nostro studio è risultato essere la bassa casistica. Sarebbe interessante valutare se tali dati possano trovare conferma in uno studio con una più ampia popolazione.
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Kölegård, Roger. "Distensibility in Arteries, Arterioles and Veins in Humans : Adaptation to Intermittent or Prolonged Change in Regional Intravascular Pressure." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Omgivningsfysiologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-25965.

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The present series of in vivo experiments in healthy subjects, were performed to investigate wall stiffness in peripheral vessels and how this modality adapts to iterative increments or sustained reductions in local intravascular pressures. Vascular stiffness was measured as changes in arterial and venous diameters, and in arterial flow, during graded increments in distending pressures in the vasculature of an arm or a lower leg. In addition, effects of intravascular pressure elevation on flow characteristics in veins, and on limb pain were elucidated. Arteries and veins were stiffer (i.e. pressure distension was less) in the lower leg than in the arm. The pressure-induced increase in arterial flow was substantially greater in the arm than in the lower leg, indicating a greater stiffness in the arterioles of the lower leg. Prolonged reduction of intravascular pressures in the lower body, induced by 5 wks of sustained horizontal bedrest (BR), decreased stiffness in the leg vasculature. BR increased pressure distension in the tibial artery threefold and in the tibial vein by 86 %. The pressure-induced increase in tibial artery flow was greater post bedrest, indicating reduced stiffness in the arterioles of the lower leg. Intermittent increases of intravascular pressures in one arm (pressure training; PT) during a 5-wk period decreased vascular stiffness. Pressure distension and pressure-induced flow in the brachial artery were reduced by about 50 % by PT. PT reduced pressure distension in arm veins by 30 to 50 %. High intravascular pressures changed venous flow to arterial-like pulsatile patterns, reflecting propagation of pulse waves from the arteries to the veins either via the capillary network or through arteriovenous anastomoses. High vascular pressures induced pain, which was aggravated by BR and attenuated by PT; the results suggest that the pain was predominantly caused by vascular overdistension. In conclusion, vascular wall stiffness constitutes a plastic modality that adapts to meet demands imposed by a change in the prevailing local intravascular pressure. That increased intravascular pressure leads to increased arteriolar wall stiffness supports the notion that local pressure load may serve as a “prime mover” in the development of vascular changes in hypertension.
medicine doktorsexamen QC 20101109
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Wimmer, Theresa [Verfasser], Renate M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Oberhoffer, Renate M. [Gutachter] Oberhoffer, and Martin [Gutachter] Halle. "Intima-Media-Dicke und Distensibilität der Arteria carotis communis : Eine prospektive Untersuchung jugendlicher Leistungssportler / Theresa Wimmer ; Gutachter: Renate M. Oberhoffer, Martin Halle ; Betreuer: Renate M. Oberhoffer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162274921/34.

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Book chapters on the topic "Distensibilità arteriosa"

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Carretta, R., M. Bardelli, S. Muiesan, F. Vran, B. Fabris, F. Fischetti, and L. Campanacci. "Distensibility of Large Arteries in Elderly Hypertensive Patients After Chronic Treatment with Nicardipine SR." In How Should Elderly Hypertensive Patients Be Treated?, 183–88. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68340-7_17.

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van Grondelle, A., and J. L. Cezeaux. "Calculation of the Velocity Profile, Flow and Wall Shear Stress in Arteries From the Pressure Gradient: Importance of Distensibility and Taper." In Biofluid Mechanics, 545–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52338-0_76.

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Erbel, Raimund. "The normal aorta." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Raimund Erbel, 2567–70. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0606.

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The aorta connects the left ventricle to the limb arteries. The segmentation includes different landmarks of the thoracic and abdominal aorta used to describe the integrity of the whole aorta. The aorta can be regarded as a connecting tube with elastic properties for pulsatile continuous flow with systolic forward and early diastolic backward flow in the ascending aorta. Different techniques have been used for measurement of elastic aortic properties, for example, pulse wave velocity correlates with cardiovascular risk and can regarded as a surrogate parameter for risk prediction. It received a class IIa, level of evidence B recommendation in the 2014 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases. Normal values of the aorta have been presented for men and women and demonstrate a continuous enlargement during ageing. Aortic diameters depend on body mass index and age, increasing by approximately 0.9 mm in men and 0.7 mm in women for each decade of life. For clinical use, the diameter indexes have not been found to be of additional value except for people with stature abnormalities. In the future, not only diameters but also parameters of aortic distensibility, elasticity, and flow patterns will be used in order to better identify patients at risk.
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Conference papers on the topic "Distensibilità arteriosa"

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Guerreschi, E., S. Bricq, G. Leftheriotis, P. Chauvet, B. Haussy, J. P. L'Huillier, and A. Humeau-Heurtier. "A new method to determine arterial distensibility in small arteries." In 2012 20th Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation (MED 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/med.2012.6265842.

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Nobari, Soroush, Rosaire Mongrain, Richard Leask, and Raymond Cartier. "Effect of Aortic Distensibility on Coronary Flow: A 3D FSI Model of Aortic Valve With the Inclusion of Coronary Arteries." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53487.

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Aortic stiffening and CAS are thought to affect coronary blood flow [1,2]. Pathological conditions such as aortic aneurysm, aortic wall stiffening and calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) will affect the distensibility of the aortic root and therefore the hemodynamics of the region. Reduced aortic distensibility (i.e. increased aortic stiffness) via presence of pathologies such as severe CAS results in a decrease of diastolic backflow. This reduction will cause less flow to enter the coronaries [2,3,4] and therefore reduce the amount of oxygen delivered to myocardium. This reduction of coronary flow can be explained by the concomitance of reduced myocardial supply as a result of decreased coronary perfusion pressure, and increased myocardial metabolic demand.
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Canton, Gador, Dalin Tang, Daniel S. Hippe, and Chun Yuan. "Distensibility of the Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery: Relationship With Plaque Burden and Composition?" In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80845.

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Arterial distensibility is a marker that can measure vessel wall functional and structural changes resulting from atherosclerosis [5] with applications including estimation of mechanical properties of the wall for biomechanical models. Although arterial segments affected by atherosclerosis are characterized by marked stiffening [2], little is known about the relationship between local specific atherosclerotic plaque features and wall stiffness. In particular, calcification has been shown to be associated with greater wall stiffness, however, this relationship is not consistent in different arterial segments [1,6]. For the carotid arteries, a more thorough understanding of the role of plaque features in determining wall stiffness might be offered by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multi-contrast, high resolution MRI is an established imaging tool to quantify the components of carotid lesions, as well as plaque burden [8,9]. In addition, CINE MRI has been proven to be a reliable tool to measure arterial distensibility [3], an index frequently used to measure stiffness. In this study, our goals were to use MRI to characterize subject-specific wall stiffness in vivo in atherosclerotic carotid arteries, and to analyze the relation between stiffness and plaque burden and composition. CINE MRI was used to measure vessel wall stiffness; whereas a multi-contrast MRI protocol was applied to characterize vessel wall morphology and composition.
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Li, Ye, and Ashraf W. Khir. "Measurements of Wave Speed and Distensibility in Elastic Tubes Using the Diameter-Velocity Loop." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206475.

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The mechanical properties of arterial walls play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular hemodynamics. In the past decades, arterial wall dynamics attracted much attention and several methods have been proposed to assess the mechanical properties of the human arteries [1].
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Barker, Alex J., Craig Lanning, Dunbar Ivy, and Robin Shandas. "Initial Investigation of Reduced Wall Shear Stress in the Pulmonary Arteries of Hypertension Patients Using Phase Contrast MRI." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192709.

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A number of concomitant factors are thought to contribute to an increase in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients, such as increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), increased blood flow (due to septal defects), and a decrease in wall distensibility.[1] This is in contrast to the normal pulmonary circuit, which is characterized by compliant artery walls and a low PVR, resulting in a low MPAP with little flow and pressure wave reflection. The influence of pathologic MPAP’s on proximal hemodynamic factors such as artery size, flow pulse waveforms, and wall shear stress (WSS) is unclear. Since these factors are known pathophysiological stimuli in the production of molecules that alter vascular tone and matrix properties,[2] we set out to quantify the geometry, flow, and WSS of the left, right and main pulmonary arteries (LPA, RPA, & MPA) of control and PAH patients using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI).
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Biglino, Giovanni, Daria Cosentino, Matteo Castelli, Lorenzo De Nova, Hopewell N. Ntsinjana, Jennifer A. Steeden, Andrew M. Taylor, and Silvia Schievano. "Combining 4D MR Flow Experimental Data and Computational Fluid Dynamics to Study the Neoaorta in Patients With Repaired Transposition of the Great Arteries." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14456.

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Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital heart disease characterized by abnormal spatial arrangement of the two main vessels, with the aorta arising from the pulmonary valve and the main pulmonary artery arising from the aortic valve. TGA surgical repair with the arterial switch operation (ASO) involves physically repositioning the aorta and the pulmonary artery in their correct anatomical location, as well as separately moving the coronary arteries. Following ASO, decreased aortic distensibility and enlarged aortic root have been observed, together with late complications such as coronary artery obstruction, neoaortic valvar insufficiency, and arrhythmia [1]. Clearly, further knowledge of the hemodynamics in the neoaorta following ASO can be helpful in understanding the physiology of repaired-TGA. We suggest that engineering tools can provide access to such knowledge, both experimentally and computationally. 4D flow data from magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can generate excellent maps of velocity streamlines and — to our knowledge — has never been applied to this clinical problem. In addition, 4D MR flow data gathered in-vitro (hence more reproducible and more stable than in-vivo) can be a resourceful tool for validating a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the same problem. The experimental model, lacking respiration effects and concerns about scanning time, can also be used for exploring the optimal spatial and temporal resolution for improving the quality of the data. Ultimately, we suggest that a synergistic approach (experimental 4D MR flow + CFD study) carried out at a patient-specific level can provide knowledge about the hemodynamics in the neoaorta following ASO. For this purpose, we present two comparisons: (a) TGA anatomy vs. an age-matched healthy subject (b) in-vitro vs. in-silico.
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