Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Distant speech'
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1
Ravanelli, Mirco. "Deep Learning for Distant Speech Recognition." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368959.
Abstract:
Deep learning is an emerging technology that is considered one of the most promising directions for reaching higher levels of artificial intelligence.
Among the other achievements, building computers that understand speech represents a crucial leap towards intelligent machines. Despite the great efforts of the past decades, however, a natural and robust human-machine speech interaction still appears to be out of reach, especially when users interact with a distant microphone in noisy and reverberant environments. The latter disturbances severely hamper the intelligibility of a speech signal, making Distant Speech Recognition (DSR) one of the major open challenges in the field.
This thesis addresses the latter scenario and proposes some novel techniques, architectures, and algorithms to improve the robustness of distant-talking acoustic models. We first elaborate on methodologies for realistic data contamination, with a particular emphasis on DNN training with simulated data. We then investigate on approaches for better exploiting speech contexts, proposing some original methodologies for both feed-forward and recurrent neural networks. Lastly, inspired by the idea that cooperation across different DNNs could be the key for counteracting the harmful effects of noise and reverberation, we propose a novel deep learning paradigm called “network of deep neural networks†.
The analysis of the original concepts were based on extensive experimental validations conducted on both real and simulated data, considering different corpora, microphone configurations, environments, noisy conditions, and ASR tasks.
2
Ravanelli, Mirco. "Deep Learning for Distant Speech Recognition." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2017. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/2693/1/PhD_thesis_Ravanelli_Mirco_archived.pdf.
Abstract:
Deep learning is an emerging technology that is considered one of the most promising directions for reaching higher levels of artificial intelligence.
Among the other achievements, building computers that understand speech represents a crucial leap towards intelligent machines. Despite the great efforts of the past decades, however, a natural and robust human-machine speech interaction still appears to be out of reach, especially when users interact with a distant microphone in noisy and reverberant environments. The latter disturbances severely hamper the intelligibility of a speech signal, making Distant Speech Recognition (DSR) one of the major open challenges in the field.
This thesis addresses the latter scenario and proposes some novel techniques, architectures, and algorithms to improve the robustness of distant-talking acoustic models. We first elaborate on methodologies for realistic data contamination, with a particular emphasis on DNN training with simulated data. We then investigate on approaches for better exploiting speech contexts, proposing some original methodologies for both feed-forward and recurrent neural networks. Lastly, inspired by the idea that cooperation across different DNNs could be the key for counteracting the harmful effects of noise and reverberation, we propose a novel deep learning paradigm called “network of deep neural networks”.
The analysis of the original concepts were based on extensive experimental validations conducted on both real and simulated data, considering different corpora, microphone configurations, environments, noisy conditions, and ASR tasks.
3
Liu, Yulan. "Distant speech recognition of natural spontaneous multi-party conversations." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17691/.
Abstract:
Distant speech recognition (DSR) has gained wide interest recently. While deep networks keep improving ASR overall, the performance gap remains between using close-talking recordings and distant recordings. Therefore the work in this thesis aims at providing some insights for further improvement of DSR performance. The investigation starts with collecting the first multi-microphone and multi-media corpus of natural spontaneous multi-party conversations in native English with the speaker location tracked, i.e. the Sheffield Wargame Corpus (SWC). The state-of-the-art recognition systems with the acoustic models trained standalone and adapted both show word error rates (WERs) above 40% on headset recordings and above 70% on distant recordings. A comparison between SWC and AMI corpus suggests a few unique properties in the real natural spontaneous conversations, e.g. the very short utterances and the emotional speech. Further experimental analysis based on simulated data and real data quantifies the impact of such influence factors on DSR performance, and illustrates the complex interaction among multiple factors which makes the treatment of each influence factor much more difficult. The reverberation factor is studied further. It is shown that the reverberation effect on speech features could be accurately modelled with a temporal convolution in the complex spectrogram domain. Based on that a polynomial reverberation score is proposed to measure the distortion level of short utterances. Compared to existing reverberation metrics like C50, it avoids a rigid early-late-reverberation partition without compromising the performance on ranking the reverberation level of recording environments and channels. Furthermore, the existing reverberation measurement is signal independent thus unable to accurately estimate the reverberation distortion level in short recordings. Inspired by the phonetic analysis on the reverberation distortion via self-masking and overlap-masking, a novel partition of reverberation distortion into the intra-phone smearing and the inter-phone smearing is proposed, so that the reverberation distortion level is first estimated on each part and then combined.
4
Mahdian, Toroghi Rahil [Verfasser], and Dietrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Klakow. "Blind speech separation in distant speech recognition front-end processing / Rahil Mahdian Toroghi ; Betreuer: Dietrich Klakow." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119802229/34.
5
Eldridge, Larry D. "A distant heritage : the growth of free speech in early America /." New York, NY [u.a.] : New York Univ. Press, 1994. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/277767857.pdf.
6
Titus, Andrew Richard. "A study of adaptive enhancement methods for improved distant speech recognition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119706.
Abstract:
Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 65-68).
Automatic speech recognition systems trained on speech data recorded by microphones placed close to the speaker tend to perform poorly on speech recorded by microphones placed farther away from the speaker due to reverberation effects and background noise. I designed and implemented a variety of machine learning models to improve distant speech recognition performance by adaptively enhancing incoming speech to appear as if it was recorded in a close-talking environment, regardless of whether it was originally recorded in a close-talking or distant environment. These were evaluated by passing the enhanced speech to acoustic models trained on only close-talking speech and comparing error rates to those achieved without speech enhancement. Experiments conducted on the AMI, TIMIT and TED-LIUM datasets indicate that decreases in error rate on distant speech of up to 33% relative can be achieved by these with only minor increases (1% relative) on clean speech.
by Andrew Richard Titus.
M. Eng.
7
Guerrero, Flores Cristina Maritza. "Information Fusion Approaches for Distant Speech Recognition in a Multi-microphone Setting." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368955.
Abstract:
It is a well known fact that high quality Automatic Speech Recognition is still difficult to guarantee under conditions in which the speaker is distant from the microphone due to the distortions caused by acoustic phenomena, such as noise and reverberation. Among the different research directions pursued around this problem, the adoption of multi-channel approaches is of great interest to the community given the potential of taking advantage of information diversity.
In this thesis we elaborate on approaches that exploit different instances of a sound source, captured by various largely spaced microphones, in order to extract a Distant Speech Recognition hypothesis. Two original solutions are presented, based on information fusion approaches at different levels of the recognition system, one at front-end stage and one at post-decoding stage, namely for the problems of channel selection (CS) and hypothesis combination. First, a new CS framework is proposed. Cepstral distance (CD), which is effectively applied in other acoustic processing fields, is the basis of the CS method developed. Experimental results confirmed the advantages of a CD-based selection schema under different scenarios. The second contribution concerns the combination of information extracted from the individual decoding processes performed over the multiple captured signals. It is shown how temporal cues can be identified in the hypothesis space, and be beneficial for the elaboration of a multi-microphone confusion network, from which the final speech transcription is derived. The proposed methods are applicable in a setting equipped with synchronized distributed microphones, independently of the proximity between the sensors. Analysis of the novel concepts were performed over synthetic and real-captured data. Both approaches achieved positive results at the different assessment tasks they were exposed to.
8
Guerrero, Flores Cristina Maritza. "Information Fusion Approaches for Distant Speech Recognition in a Multi-microphone Setting." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1853/1/160830_cguerrero_phd-thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
It is a well known fact that high quality Automatic Speech Recognition is still difficult to guarantee under conditions in which the speaker is distant from the microphone due to the distortions caused by acoustic phenomena, such as noise and reverberation. Among the different research directions pursued around this problem, the adoption of multi-channel approaches is of great interest to the community given the potential of taking advantage of information diversity.
In this thesis we elaborate on approaches that exploit different instances of a sound source, captured by various largely spaced microphones, in order to extract a Distant Speech Recognition hypothesis. Two original solutions are presented, based on information fusion approaches at different levels of the recognition system, one at front-end stage and one at post-decoding stage, namely for the problems of channel selection (CS) and hypothesis combination. First, a new CS framework is proposed. Cepstral distance (CD), which is effectively applied in other acoustic processing fields, is the basis of the CS method developed. Experimental results confirmed the advantages of a CD-based selection schema under different scenarios. The second contribution concerns the combination of information extracted from the individual decoding processes performed over the multiple captured signals. It is shown how temporal cues can be identified in the hypothesis space, and be beneficial for the elaboration of a multi-microphone confusion network, from which the final speech transcription is derived. The proposed methods are applicable in a setting equipped with synchronized distributed microphones, independently of the proximity between the sensors. Analysis of the novel concepts were performed over synthetic and real-captured data. Both approaches achieved positive results at the different assessment tasks they were exposed to.
9
Swietojanski, Paweł. "Learning representations for speech recognition using artificial neural networks." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22835.
Abstract:
Learning representations is a central challenge in machine learning. For speech recognition, we are interested in learning robust representations that are stable across different acoustic environments, recording equipment and irrelevant inter– and intra– speaker variabilities. This thesis is concerned with representation learning for acoustic model adaptation to speakers and environments, construction of acoustic models in low-resource settings, and learning representations from multiple acoustic channels. The investigations are primarily focused on the hybrid approach to acoustic modelling based on hidden Markov models and artificial neural networks (ANN). The first contribution concerns acoustic model adaptation. This comprises two new adaptation transforms operating in ANN parameters space. Both operate at the level of activation functions and treat a trained ANN acoustic model as a canonical set of fixed-basis functions, from which one can later derive variants tailored to the specific distribution present in adaptation data. The first technique, termed Learning Hidden Unit Contributions (LHUC), depends on learning distribution-dependent linear combination coefficients for hidden units. This technique is then extended to altering groups of hidden units with parametric and differentiable pooling operators. We found the proposed adaptation techniques pose many desirable properties: they are relatively low-dimensional, do not overfit and can work in both a supervised and an unsupervised manner. For LHUC we also present extensions to speaker adaptive training and environment factorisation. On average, depending on the characteristics of the test set, 5-25% relative word error rate (WERR) reductions are obtained in an unsupervised two-pass adaptation setting. The second contribution concerns building acoustic models in low-resource data scenarios. In particular, we are concerned with insufficient amounts of transcribed acoustic material for estimating acoustic models in the target language – thus assuming resources like lexicons or texts to estimate language models are available. First we proposed an ANN with a structured output layer which models both context–dependent and context–independent speech units, with the context-independent predictions used at runtime to aid the prediction of context-dependent states. We also propose to perform multi-task adaptation with a structured output layer. We obtain consistent WERR reductions up to 6.4% in low-resource speaker-independent acoustic modelling. Adapting those models in a multi-task manner with LHUC decreases WERRs by an additional 13.6%, compared to 12.7% for non multi-task LHUC. We then demonstrate that one can build better acoustic models with unsupervised multi– and cross– lingual initialisation and find that pre-training is a largely language-independent. Up to 14.4% WERR reductions are observed, depending on the amount of the available transcribed acoustic data in the target language. The third contribution concerns building acoustic models from multi-channel acoustic data. For this purpose we investigate various ways of integrating and learning multi-channel representations. In particular, we investigate channel concatenation and the applicability of convolutional layers for this purpose. We propose a multi-channel convolutional layer with cross-channel pooling, which can be seen as a data-driven non-parametric auditory attention mechanism. We find that for unconstrained microphone arrays, our approach is able to match the performance of the comparable models trained on beamform-enhanced signals.
10
KITAOKA, Norihide, Seiichi NAKAGAWA, and Longbiao WANG. "Robust Speech Recognition by Combining Short-Term and Long-Term Spectrum Based Position-Dependent CMN with Conventional CMN." Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14966.
11
Mariotte, Théo. "Traitement automatique de la parole en réunion par dissémination de capteurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LEMA1001.
Abstract:
Ces travaux de thèse se concentrent sur le traitement automatique de la parole, et plus particulièrement sur la diarisation en locuteurs. Cette tâche nécessite de segmenter le signal afin d'identifier des évènements tels que la présence de parole, de parole superposée ou de changements de locuteur. Cette recherche se focalise sur le cas où le signal est capté par un dispositif placé au centre d'un groupe de locuteurs, comme lors de réunions. Ces conditions entraînent une dégradation de la qualité des signaux en raison de l'éloignement des sources sonores (parole distante).Afin de pallier cette dégradation, une approche consiste à enregistrer le signal à l'aide d'un ensemble de microphones formant une antenne acoustique. Le signal multicanal obtenu permet d'obtenir des informations sur la répartition spatiale du champ acoustique. Deux axes de recherche sont explorés pour la segmentation de la parole à l'aide d'antecnnes de microphones.Le premier axe introduit une méthode combinant des caractéristiques acoustiques avec des caractéristiques spatiales. Un nouveau jeu de caractéristiques, basé sur le formalisme des harmoniques circulaires, est proposé. Cette approche améliore les performances de segmentation en conditions distantes, tout en réduisant le nombre de paramètres des modèles et en garantissant une certaine robustesse en cas de désactivation de certains microphones.Le second axe propose plusieurs approches de combinaison des canaux en utilisant des mécanismes d'auto-attention. Différents modèles, inspirés d'une architecture existante, sont développés. La combinaison de canaux améliore également la segmentation en conditions distantes. Deux de ces approches rendent l'extraction de caractéristiques plus interprétable. Les systèmes de segmentation de la parole distante proposés améliorent également la diarisation en locuteurs.La combinaison de canaux montre une faible robustesse en cas de changement de géométrie de l'antenne en phase d'évaluation. Pour y remédier, une procédure d'apprentissage est proposée, qui améliore la robustesse en présence d'une antenne non conforme.Finalement, les travaux menés ont permis d'identifier un manque dans les jeux de données publics disponibles pour le traitement automatique de la parole distante. Un protocole d'acquisition est introduit pour l'acquisition de signaux en réunions et intégrant l'annotation de la position des locuteurs en plus de la segmentation.En somme, ces travaux visent à améliorer la qualité de la segmentation de la parole distante multicanale. Les méthodes proposées exploitent l'information spatiale fournie par les antennes de microphones en garantissant une certaine robustesse au nombre de microphones disponiblesThis thesis work focuses on automatic speech processing, and more specifically on speaker diarization. This task requires the signal to be segmented to identify events such as voice activity, overlapped speech, or speaker changes. This work tackles the scenario where the signal is recorded by a device located in the center of a group of speakers, as in meetings. These conditions lead to a degradation in signal quality due to the distance between the speakers (distant speech).To mitigate this degradation, one approach is to record the signal using a microphone array. The resulting multichannel signal provides information on the spatial distribution of the acoustic field. Two lines of research are being explored for speech segmentation using microphone arrays.The first introduces a method combining acoustic features with spatial features. We propose a new set of features based on the circular harmonics expansion. This approach improves segmentation performance under distant speech conditions while reducing the number of model parameters and improving robustness in case of change in the array geometry.The second proposes several approaches that combine channels using self-attention. Different models, inspired by an existing architecture, are developed. Combining channels also improves segmentation under distant speech conditions. Two of these approaches make feature extraction more interpretable. The proposed distant speech segmentation systems also improve speaker diarization.Channel combination shows poor robustness to changes in the array geometry during inference. To avoid this behavior, a learning procedure is proposed, which improves the robustness in case of array mismatch.Finally, we identified a gap in the public datasets available for distant multichannel automatic speech processing. An acquisition protocol is introduced to build a new dataset, integrating speaker position annotation in addition to speaker diarization.Thus, this work aims to improve the quality of multichannel distant speech segmentation. The proposed methods exploit the spatial information provided by microphone arrays while improving the robustness in case of array mismatch
12
Miller, Carol Jane. "Distance education for professional development : a case study." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/56478/.
Abstract:
This thesis examines the relationship between distance education, adult learning and professional development for special education in the context of teachers' work with pupils with speech and language difficulties. Responses from students and tutors in three cohorts of a distance education course for teachers of pupils with speech and language difficulties are analysed and conclusions drawn concerning future practice in the light of changing professional needs. Qualitative methods, using questionnaires, interviews and systemic thinking activities, generate data for the analysis of course process in relation to student support, content and impact on practice. The study proposes a socio-technical systems model for planning, management and evaluation of professional development by distance education. This approach recognises that specific technical and organisational characteristics will interact with social and psychological aspects of participants' personal and professional lives.
13
Harrell, Dameon C. (Dameon Cartíer) 1976. "Effects of microphone type and distance upon the spectra of speech sounds." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80067.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 71).
by Dameon C. Harrell.
S.B.and M.Eng.
14
West, Paula. "Long-distance coarticulatory effects of English /l/ and /r/." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:52cb3c89-6ec9-4f21-b219-aae92c0c6660.
Abstract:
This thesis explores the coarticulatory effects of English /l/ and /r/, examining their articulatory basis, acoustic manifestation and perceptual relevance. It demonstrates that there are perceptually relevant coarticulatory differences associated with the distinction between /l/ and /r/. Two perceptual experiments, an articulatory experiment and a modelling study were conducted. Both perceptual experiments used a modified gating technique. The first experiment demonstrates that the coarticulatory effects of /l/ and /r/ on surrounding vowels and consonants can sometimes be used by listeners to identify an HI or /r/ which has been deleted and replaced by noise. The second perceptual experiment shows that the cues for an /r/ are more perceptually salient than those for an /l/. The articulatory experiment used simultaneous electromagnetic articulography, electropalatography and acoustic recordings to investigate the coarticulatory effects of /l/ and /r/. In /r/ contexts, relative to /l/ contexts, raising and retraction of the tongue, lip rounding and lowering of F₃ were found, up to two syllables preceding and following the /r/. The extent of this coarticulatory effect is far greater than commonly acknowledged in the coarticulation literature. Phonetic and phonological theories fail to predict or account for effects of this extent. The theory that coarticulation can be modelled as overlap of articulatory gestures was tested in a modelling study. A subset of the articulatory data was modelled numerically using dynamical descriptions of articulatory gestures from an approach developed at Haskins Laboratories. The modelling showed that longdistance coarticulatory effects could not be adequately accounted for by gestural overlap alone. Feature-spreading models, such as Keating's window model of coarticulation, are also unable to account for these effects adequately. The results of this thesis pose a challenge to current phonetic and phonological theory, as they show that coarticulatory effects have greater extent than commonly recognised.
15
Williams, A. Lynn. "From Developmental Norms to Distance Metrics: Target Selection Factors and Criteria." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://www.amzn.com/1557667845/.
Abstract:
Book Summary: This one-of-a-kind resource presents a wide range of expert opinions about phonological disorders in children, allowing readers to understand and compare diverse approaches to assessment and intervention, choose the ones that will work best, and use their new knowledge to make decisions during clinical interventions. For each of the book's three sections—Assessment and Classification, Goal and Target Selection, and Intervention —the editors pose important "frequently asked questions" for each contributor to answer, such as Which diagnostic classification system do you find useful? How does your assessment differ for children of different ages, developmental levels, or linguistic backgrounds? How do you integrate language goals with phonological goals? What factors influence your selection of treatment goals and targets? When should a child receive individual therapy as opposed to group therapy? What do you do when your intervention plan is not working?
Through the theoretical insights and practical experience each contributor shares— and a helpful conclusion that comments on all the approaches discussed — readers will have the broad and balanced knowledge they need for informed clinical decision making. Speech-language pathologists, graduate students, audiologists, and educators will use this comprehensive, accessible resource to shape their practices and improve the lives of children with phonological disorders.
Phonological Disorders in Children is a part of the Communication and Language Intervention Series
16
Mashima, Pauline A. "The Use of Video-Teleconferencing to Deliver Voice Therapy At-A-Distance." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1299182897.
17
Chiou, Greg I. "Active contour models for distinct feature tracking and lipreading /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6023.
18
Fux, Thibaut. "Vers un système indiquant la distance d'un locuteur par transformation de sa voix." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT120/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse porte sur la transformation de la voix d’un locuteur dans l’objectif d’indiquer la distance de celui-ci : une transformation en voix chuchotée pour indiquer une distance proche et une transformation en voix criée pour une distance plutôt éloignée. Nous effectuons dans un premier temps des analyses approfondies pour déterminer les paramètres les plus pertinentes dans une voix chuchotée et surtout dans une voix criée (beaucoup plus difficile). La contribution principale de cette partie est de montrer la pertinence des paramètres prosodiques dans la perception de l’effort vocal dans une voix criée. Nous proposons ensuite des descripteurs permettant de mieux caractériser les contours prosodiques. Pour la transformation proprement dite, nous proposons plusieurs nouvelles règles de transformation qui contrôlent de manière primordiale la qualité des voix transformées. Les résultats ont montré une très bonne qualité des voix chuchotées transformées ainsi que pour des voix criées pour des structures linguistiques relativement simples (CVC, CVCV, etc.)This thesis focuses on speaker voice transformation in the aim to indicate the distance of it: a spokento-whispered voice transformation to indicate a close distance and a spoken-to-shouted voicetransformation for a rather far distance. We perform at first, in-depth analysis to determine mostrelevant features in whispered voices and especially in shouted voices (much harder). The maincontribution of this part is to show the relevance of prosodic parameters in the perception of vocaleffort in a shouted voice. Then, we propose some descriptors to better characterize the prosodiccontours. For the actual transformation, we propose several new transformation rules whichimportantly control the quality of transformed voice. The results showed a very good quality oftransformed whispered voices and transformed shouted voices for relatively simple linguisticstructures (CVC, CVCV, etc.)
19
Madison, Curtis John. "The politics of discourse design: Distance delivery of education by two-way video in Alaska." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289055.
Abstract:
During the fail semester of 1995, a demonstration of educational delivery via two-way video began as a partnership among the major academic units of the University of Alaska in Fairbanks, Anchorage and Juneau, the University of Alaska Learning Center, KUAC-TV, Telecommunication Network Services and Arctic Sivunmun Illisagvik College in Barrow. The project broke new ground in Alaska by combining open broadcast of PBS television signal with a closed circuit compressed video network. Success of the project depended on the close collaboration across academic disciplines, institutional boundaries, and epistemologies. Native Ways of Knowing (ANS 461) was taught by Dr. Oscar Kawagley from a studio in Fairbanks to 10 co-located students, 26 distributed enrolled students, and hundreds of un-enrolled students in the broadcast audience. The project was technologically complex as it sought to combine the advantages of a widely distributed student cohort, five distinct eco-systems, a mandate for significantly increased courseware distribution in the University of Alaska system, and cutting edge telecommunications hardware in a rural, remote setting. This analysis of the project seeks to answer two questions related to choice of discourse features. First, how do the participants in a distant education project translate their goals and interests into discourse features? Second, how well did the features of the achieved NWK design reflect the competing interests of the participants? Clearly, discourse design is not value free. but must emerge as a result of a politicized contest. The features of a discourse such as: regulation of turn-taking, protection of privacy, and access to a speaking turn have direct consequences for discourse outcomes. This study seeks to include discourse features as a problematic outcome from a negotiated distribution of resources.
20
Sooful, Jayren Jugpal. "Automated phoneme mapping for cross-language speech recognition." Diss., Pretoria [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01112005-131128.
21
Liang, Hongkang. "Statistics of nonlinear averaging spectral estimators and a novel distance measure for HMMs with application to speech quality estimation." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1031050291&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
22
Bennett, Benjamin. "Accurate Distance Calculation Using GPS While Performing Low Speed Activity." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23827.
Abstract:
In the last 10 years GPS technology has become widely available due to the proliferation of smart devices with GPS capability. GPS was introduced as a method to assist in location and navigation and is still the most common use for this technology today. Many may not consider that GPS can be used for a variety of different purposes. GPS technology can be used to calculate the distance of activity (running, walking, biking etc.) to build applications to promote exercise and a healthy lifestyle. Calculating this distance accurately is challenging due to the amount of error in GPS location measurements and the low speed of many activities. In this thesis I present methods of calculating distance traveled that reduces this error to produce an accurate distance calculation. I also present an application that uses this distance calculation to help promote children to become more active.
23
Entz, Stephanie. "The effect of slow speech on tongue movements & acoustic vowel space distance in speakers with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6813.
Abstract:
With disease progression, the speech of talkers with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
(ALS) becomes increasingly imprecise and unintelligible. Although speaking rate reduction is
commonly used as a treatment approach to enhance speech intelligibility in these talkers, its
effect on tongue movements and speech acoustics is not well understood. Thus, the purpose of
this study was to determine how slow speech affects tongue excursions and speech acoustics in
persons with ALS. Further, this study investigated how tongue excursions and speech acoustics
differed between persons with ALS and healthy controls. Lastly, this study sought to determine
how predictable tongue excursions are based on speech acoustics in persons with ALS.
3D electromagnetic articulography was used to capture tongue movements during speech
in five talkers with ALS and five healthy controls. Tongue excursions and the vowel space
distance during the production of the vowels /a/ and /i/ in the word "kite" embedded in the
sentence "See a kite again" were measured during typical and slow speech.
Results showed increased tongue excursions and acoustic vowel space in response to
slow speech for persons with ALS and controls; however, the effect was larger in the control
group than in the ALS group. These outcomes support the current clinical assumption that slow
speech increases tongue excursions and expanded vowel space in persons with speech
impairments due to ALS. Although tongue excursions tended to be slightly larger in persons
with ALS than controls, vowel space tended to be smaller in persons with ALS than controls.
These findings challenged the current assumption that a small vowel space indicate small tongue
excursion. The predictability of change in tongue excursions based on change in speech acoustics
in response to slow speech was much lower in persons with ALS than controls. Thus, acoustic
measures should not be used to infer the underlying speech movements in persons with ALS.Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Health Professions, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders
24
Williams, A. Lynn. "A Systematic Perspective for Assessment and Intervention: A Case Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2001.
Abstract:
A systemic perspective was employed in completing a phonological analysis and developing an intervention plan for Jarrod, a 7;0 year old child who exhibited a severe speech sound disorder characterized by inconsistency. Results of the Systemic Phonological Analysis of Child Speech (SPACS) revealed a limited sound system that was characterized by phonotactic inventory constraints, positional constraints, and sequence constraints. Mapping the child-to-adult sound systems through phoneme collapses revealed a logical and symmetrical system that maintained systematicity, yet permitted variability. Based on the organizational principles suggested by the phoneme collapses, targets were identified for intervention using the distance metric approach, which is based on the function of sounds within a given system rather than the characteristics of a given sound, and assumes that targets will interact dynamically with the child's unique sound system. Finally, a multiple oppositions treatment approach intended to facilitate learning across phoneme collapses and lead to system-wide phonological restructuring was described.
25
Bushnell, Tyler Dwight. "A biomechanical analysis of sprinters vs. distance runners at equal and maximal speeds /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd634.pdf.
26
Bushnell, Tyler D. "A Biomechanical Analysis of Sprinters vs. Distance Runners at Equal and Maximal Speeds." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/217.
Abstract:
In the sport of track and field, sprinting and distance running represent two major categories of athletes. Sprinting is associated with power and speed, whereas distance running focuses on the economy of movement. With distance running there are elements of sprint technique that overlap. With distance events, there comes a time near the end of the race where economy gives way to speed. If the distance runners knew how to alter their technique in a way to become more sprint-like, this process could possibly be more successful. PURPOSE: This study compared the differences in technique between sprinters and distance runners while running at equal and maximal speeds. METHODS: Subjects for the study consisted of 10 Division I collegiate distance runners, 10 Division I collegiate sprinters, and 10 healthy non-runners. The subjects performed two tests, with each consisting of a 60 meter run completed on the track. Test 1 was run at a pace of 5.81 m/s (4:37 min/mile), while Test 2 was completed at maximal speed. Video footage of each trial was collected at 180 Hz, monitoring hip, knee, thigh, and shank positions, as well as stride length, and contact time. RESULTS: Significant differences (p < .05) between the sprint and distance groups at maximal speed were found in the following areas: speed, minimum hip angle, knee extension at toe-off, stride length, contact time, and the position of the recovery knee at touchdown. Sprinters and distance runners exhibited a significantly lower minimum knee angle than those in the control group. Significant differences between the sprint and control group existed at the minimum hip angle, speed, stride length, contact time, and the position of the recovery knee at touchdown. Regarding the paced trial, the sprinters and distance runners showed significant difference concerning the minimum hip angle, center of mass at touchdown, and recovery knee at touchdown. Sprinters differed significantly from the control group in contact time, the center of mass at touchdown and the position of the recovery knee at touchdown. CONCLUSION: As distance runners attempt to sprint, the desired adaptations do not necessarily occur. The development of economical distance form is a fairly natural process that occurs with the miles of training. Sprinting, however, is a separate, learned technique that often requires specific feedback. When attempting maximal speed, distance runners may benefit by focusing on one characteristic of technique. If knee extension at toe-off could be trained to become more sprint-like, the other characteristics unique to sprinters may follow.
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Williams, A. Lynn. "Assessment, Target Selection, and Intervention: Dynamic Interactions Within a Systemic Perspective." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2002.
Abstract:
There are a number of clinical options available for speech-language pathologists to choose from to analyze a child's phonological system, select treatment targets, and design intervention. Frequently, each of these areas of clinical options is viewed independently of one another or approached within an eclectic framework. In this article, an integrated and systemic approach is presented which assumes that a dynamic interaction exists among assessment, target selection, and intervention. Systemic Phonological Assessment of Child Speech, the distance metric approach to target selection, and the multiple oppositions treatment approach are described, with examples provided for each component. Finally, a case study is presented that examines the systemic approach of multiple oppositions relative to the approach of minimal pairs.
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Nakayama, Masataka. "The problems of serial order in language:Clustering, context discrimination, temporal distance, and edges." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/200480.
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Caygill, Matthew. "Public attitudes to long distance travel and perceptions of high speed rail." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2734.
Abstract:
Predicted increasing demand for long-distance travel raises the potential for considerable capacity impacts on the existing transport network. HS2, a proposed high speed rail (HSR) line in Britain bypassing existing routes, is being advanced by Government and might impact on mode choice and planned travel behaviour. Given predicted increasing long-distance travel demand, improving understanding of the underlying attitudinal, perceptual and behavioural issues is important. This thesis investigates attitudes to long-distance travel, perceptions of HSR, and willingness-to-pay for travel time reductions by determining the effects of social characteristics. Following focus groups to examine the wider domain of long-distance travel and mode choice, a questionnaire was developed to measure attitudes to long-distance travel and perceptions of HSR. A Principal Components Analysis of 46 travel-related attitude items generated six attitude factors, relating to; travel security, unsustainable transport improvements, perceived prestige of HSR, negative attitudes to HSR, importance of travel comfort, and travel time use. Attitudes differed by demographics and travel behaviour, implying focus is needed on younger age groups to attract travellers to HSR unless development timescales can be reduced. Proximity to a proposed HS2 station had no impact on attitudes, although proximity to the route was predictive of negative attitudes (the only aspect that was a predictor of negative attitudes to HSR). Factors such as cost, the environment, comfort and convenience are discussed in light of theories of attitudes, cognitive and affective reasoning and mode choice. Willingness-to-pay for travel time savings under two trip scenarios revealed a valuation broadly similar to that used in the HS2 economic case for commuters and leisure trips, but substantially lower than that used for business travel.
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Berardi, Francesca. "Gli specchi e il labirinto tra distanza e alterità: Emilio Tadini traduttore di Shakespeare." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7133/.
Abstract:
Questa breve tesi, incentrata sulla persona e sulle opere di Emilio Tadini, ha come scopo quello di mettere in evidenza e rivelare al pubblico contemporaneo un uomo dalle mille sfaccettature, spesso relegato al solo ambito della pittura, che può essere, invece, a pieno titolo definito come un artista poliedrico.
Dopo un breve excursus volto a fornire qualche riferimento biografico, il contesto storico nel quale agisce, e la stretta relazione da lui instaurata tra la scrittura e la pittura, si esaminerà la sua traduzione di Re Lear di William Shakespeare, pubblicata da Einaudi.
Il dramma verrà analizzato dapprima in una chiave di lettura alternativa che nasce dal considerarlo come una tragedia della parola, per poi scandagliarlo nei minimi particolari attraverso l’approfondimento delle varie tematiche – l’amore, la morte, la pazzia e la cecità. Un importante supporto è dato dalla traduzione di Agostino Lombardo per Garzanti, mezzo per uno studio comparato e contrastivo tra le due proposte di resa in italiano.
In seguito, si illustreranno le scelte traduttive di Emilio Tadini, partendo dall’assunto di una parola volta a ridurre la Distanza, l’Alterità e di un traduttore-funambolo, costantemente sull’orlo di una doppia vertigine – il rimanere troppo fedeli e il discostarsi eccessivamente dal testo fonte.
Prima di procedere a una rassegna dei punti salienti di alcuni suoi scritti, in particolare, de La tempesta, e de La deposizione, si confronteranno il Re Lear e La Tempesta shakespeariana, cercando di dimostrare come quest’ultimo prenda le mosse dagli avvenimenti del primo. Infine, si cercherà di concepire il Prospero di Tadini come una summa moderna tra i due personaggi principali delle opere in questione – Lear da un lato e Prospero dall’altro –, evidenziando l’importanza della voce e della figura del mediatore-guida, in grado di spaziare all’interno della distanza, servendosi di parole scelte sulla base delle proprie esperienze personali.
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Andersson, Christoffer. "Golf swing rotational max power correlation to clubhead speed, ball speed and carry distance in young elite golf players." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33896.
Abstract:
Background: In ballistic sports like golf power production in rotational movement play a major role for performance. To hit the ball far, high clubhead speed is crucial in golf and rotational power (medicine ball throws) have shown to have a good correlation to clubhead speed. A lower golf handicap has also shown to correlate well with higher clubhead speed. Few sport specific power tests have been executed and training and testing sport specific are associated with high performance in a sport. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between three parameters (power, velocity and force) measured in a golf specific rotational test and clubhead speed (CHS), ball speed (BS) and carry distance (CD) on young elite golfers. Methods: Twenty-six golfers, 16 men and 10 women, completed the study. Two tests were performed on separate occasion; one golf performance test using Trackman launch monitor and one golf specific rotational test in 1080 Quantum. CHS, BS and CD were collected in the golf performance test and max power, force and velocity in the golf specific rotational test. To study the relationship between the selected variables, spearman’s correlations coefficient (rs) was used and analyzed the total group, and in men and women separately. Results: Excellent correlation was found between max power and CHS (r=0.9, p<0.00). Good correlation was found between force and CHS (r=0.8, p<0.00). Moderate correlations were found between force and BS and force and CD and max power and CD (r=0.7, p<0.00). Poor correlations were found between velocity and CHS, BS and CD (r=0.3, p>0.50). Conclusion: This study showed that strong correlations seem to exist between power production in a golf specific rotation test and Golf performance in young elite golfers. Even force also seems to have an impact on golf performance while velocity showed little to no correlation to golf performance.
32
Reeve, Michelle. "Spider gait adaptation for speed and leg autotomy in two ecologically distinct species." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.766339.
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Sklar, Alexander Gabriel. "Channel Modeling Applied to Robust Automatic Speech Recognition." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/87.
Abstract:
In automatic speech recognition systems (ASRs), training is a critical phase to the system?s success. Communication media, either analog (such as analog landline phones) or digital (VoIP) distort the speaker?s speech signal often in very complex ways: linear distortion occurs in all channels, either in the magnitude or phase spectrum. Non-linear but time-invariant distortion will always appear in all real systems. In digital systems we also have network effects which will produce packet losses and delays and repeated packets. Finally, one cannot really assert what path a signal will take, and so having error or distortion in between is almost a certainty. The channel introduces an acoustical mismatch between the speaker's signal and the trained data in the ASR, which results in poor recognition performance. The approach so far, has been to try to undo the havoc produced by the channels, i.e. compensate for the channel's behavior. In this thesis, we try to characterize the effects of different transmission media and use that as an inexpensive and repeatable way to train ASR systems.
34
Pacheco, Shaun, Chengliang Wang, Monica K. Chawla, Minhkhoi Nguyen, Brend K. Baggett, Urs Utzinger, Carol A. Barnes, and Rongguang Liang. "High resolution, high speed, long working distance, large field of view confocal fluorescence microscope." NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625967.
Abstract:
Confocal fluorescence microscopy is often used in brain imaging experiments, however conventional confocal microscopes are limited in their field of view, working distance, and speed for high resolution imaging. We report here the development of a novel high resolution, high speed, long working distance, and large field of view confocal fluorescence microscope ((HL2)-L-2-CFM) with the capability of multiregion and multifocal imaging. To demonstrate the concept, a 0.5 numerical aperture (NA) confocal fluorescence microscope is prototyped with a 3 mm x 3 mm field of view and 12 mm working distance, an array of 9 beams is scanned over the field of view in 9 different regions to speed up the acquisition time by a factor of 9. We test this custom designed confocal fluorescence microscope for future use with brain clarification methods to image large volumes of the brain at subcellular resolution. This multiregion and multi-spot imaging method can be used in other imaging modalities, such as multiphoton microscopes, and the field of view can be extended well beyond 12 mm x 12 mm.
35
Rees-Jones, Stephen Mark. "The use of peak running speed for performance monitoring of well-trained distance runners." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408352.
36
Munoz, Joshua. "Application of Multifunctional Doppler LIDAR for Non-contact Track Speed, Distance, and Curvature Assessment." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77876.
Abstract:
The primary focus of this research is evaluation of feasibility, applicability, and accuracy of Doppler Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) sensors as non-contact means for measuring track speed, distance traveled, and curvature. Speed histories, currently measured with a rotary, wheel-mounted encoder, serve a number of useful purposes, one significant use involving derailment investigations. Distance calculation provides a spatial reference system for operators to locate track sections of interest. Railroad curves, using an IMU to measure curvature, are monitored to maintain track infrastructure within regulations. Speed measured with high accuracy leads to high-fidelity distance and curvature data through utilization of processor clock rate and left-and right-rail speed differentials during curve navigation, respectively. Wheel-mounted encoders, or tachometers, provide a relatively low-resolution speed profile, exhibit increased noise with increasing speed, and are subject to the inertial behavior of the rail car which affects output data. The IMU used to measure curvature is dependent on acceleration and yaw rate sensitivity and experiences difficulty in low-speed conditions.
Preliminary system tests onboard a 'Hy-Rail' utility vehicle capable of traveling on rail show speed capture is possible using the rails as the reference moving target and furthermore, obtaining speed profiles from both rails allows for the calculation of speed differentials in curves to estimate degrees curvature. Ground truth distance calibration and curve measurement were also carried out. Distance calibration involved placement of spatial landmarks detected by a sensor to synchronize distance measurements as a pre-processing procedure. Curvature ground truth measurements provided a reference system to confirm measurement results and observe alignment variation throughout a curve. Primary testing occurred onboard a track geometry rail car, measuring rail speed over substantial mileage in various weather conditions, providing high-accuracy data to further calculate distance and curvature along the test routes.
Tests results indicate the LIDAR system measures speed at higher accuracy than the encoder, absent of noise influenced by increasing speed. Distance calculation is also high in accuracy, results showing high correlation with encoder and ground truth data. Finally, curvature calculation using speed data is shown to have good correlation with IMU measurements and a resolution capable of revealing localized track alignments. Further investigations involve a curve measurement algorithm and speed calibration method independent from external reference systems, namely encoder and ground truth data. The speed calibration results show a high correlation with speed data from the track geometry vehicle.
It is recommended that the study be extended to provide assessment of the LIDAR's sensitivity to car body motion in order to better isolate the embedded behavior in the speed and curvature profiles. Furthermore, in the interest of progressing the system toward a commercially viable unit, methods for self-calibration and pre-processing to allow for fully independent operation is highly encouraged.Ph. D.
37
Corcoran, Briana Christine. "Duration and distance of hyoid bone movement as observed by ultrasound: The influences of flavor and nectar-thick consistency." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1303160299.
38
Salmi, Louiza. "Pertinence des normes et standards dans les dispositifs de formation à distance." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAC036/document.
Abstract:
Ce travail de thèse s’intéresse au sujet de la normalisation dans le champ de la formation à distance. Parmi les multiples propositions de normalisation, notre intérêt porte plus particulièrement sur l’enrichissement du dernier standard de fait IMS-LD. Nous souhaitons de ce fait introduire la notion de pertinence de la normalisation qui signifie la capacité d’IMS-LD de prescrire des scénarios pédagogiques qui répondent réellement à certains principes pédagogiques. Pour notre recherche, nous nous sommes intéressés à une des composantes essentielles de l’apprentissage (Leontiev, 1981), il s’agit de la motivation à apprendre. Ce travail nous a permis d’obtenir trois principaux résultats qui ont été validés en effectuant des études de cas: il s’agit d’abord d’une démarche de scénarisation à posteriori fondée sur les théories de l’activité ; Elle décrit, à partir des traces, le déroulement effectif d’une activité d’apprentissage. Le deuxième résultat est une taxonomie fondée sur la théorie des actes de langage ; Elle permet de traduire quelques composantes de la motivation en un ensemble d’actes de langage observables dans une trace de discussion par « Chat ». Quant au troisième résultat, il s’agit d’un modèle descriptif de la motivation qui rend compte, à partir des traces, des perceptions et ses origines. Ce modèle se sert de notre taxonomie et repose sur le concept des paires adjacentes issu de l’analyse conversationnelle. Enfin, nos conclusions exposent de plus des résultats secondaires et ouvrent des perspectives pour la poursuite de notre question sur la pertinence des normesThis thesis focuses on standardization in the field of distance learning. Among the many proposed standards, our interest focuses on the enrichment of latest standard proposal, which is the IMS-LD standard. We would therefore introduce the standardization relevance notion which means the ability of IMS-LD prescribes learning scenarios that actually meet certain educational principles. For our research, we focused on an essential component of learning (Leontiev, 1981), it is the motivation to learn. From this thesis, we obtained three main results validated by conducting case studies: first, is an activity theories’ posteriori design based approach; It describes, from traces, the actual learning activity scenario taking into account its human factors. The second result is a taxonomy based on the speech acts theory; it allowed us to translate some motivation components as a set of speech acts observed in « Chat » discussion. The third result is a motivation descriptive model that reflects, from the traces, the perceptions and their origins. This model uses our taxonomy and is based on the adjacency pairs concept derived from conversational analysis. Finally, our conclusions explain further, our secondary results and provide opportunities for continuing our question about standards relevance
39
Moreno, Anaïs. "Le discours rapporté dans les intéractions : l'effet de la proximité et des communautés de pratique sur sa construction à l'oral et à l'écrit." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100064/document.
Abstract:
De nombreux travaux, dont ceux de P. Koch et W. Œsterreicher (2001), ont permis de repenser l'opposition oral/écrit en termes de continuum (proximité/ distance), au-delà du support graphique ou phonique des productions. Le cadre communicationnel dans lequel les interactions sont produites influence largement la construction du discours, et fait passer le medium au second plan. A partir de ce modèle, cette thèse traite de la construction et de la présence du discours rapporté, plus particulièrement du discours direct (désormais DD), dans les interactions orales et écrites ordinaires. Le DD apparait comme un phénomène intriguant de par sa fréquence dans les interactions ordinaires, et constitue une pièce maîtresse de l'implication du locuteur dans l'interaction. Les formules comme il m'a dit, il me dit, j'ai dit... ponctuent nos conversations quotidiennes et permettent d'introduire une interaction passée, fictive, ou qui aurait pu avoir lieu, dans l'interaction en cours. L'étude des éléments se manifestant en contexte de DD (verbes introducteurs, particules d'amorce/d'extension, ponctuation, pauses...) et permettant d'encadrer et de signaler le discours cité, aura pour objectif de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement du DD. Nous tenterons de rendre compte de corrélations entre le choix d'une structure, la présence ou l'absence de certains éléments et le cadre communicationnel. Pour mener à bien cette étude, nous mettons en parallèle plusieurs situations de communication orales et écrites (entretiens, enregistrements écologiques, posts de forums, conversations instantanées, anecdotes Vie De Merde), impliquant des degrés de proximité différents, pour tenter de comprendre les paramètres en jeu dans les variations de recours et de formes du DD, au-delà de considérations médialesP. Koch & W. Œsterreicher's works questioned the spoken/written opposition in terms of a continuum (proximity/distance) beyond graphic or phonic characters of interactions. The communication situation widely influences the construction of the discourse, and it allows for the medium to be overshadowed. From this model, we will deal with the construction of reporteed speech, more specifically with the direct reported speech (DRD) in ordinary written and spoken interactions. DRD is very frequent in these interactions and appears as a centrepiece of the speaker's involvement. He said, I said... punctuate everyday conversations and allow for the introduction of reported utterances.The study of elements and their manifestation in the context of DRD (reporting verbs, discourse particles, punctuation, pauses...) and the framework used to indicate quoted speech, will allow for a more comprehensive understanding of DRD functioning. We will try to give account of the correlation between the choice of the structure, the presence or absence of certain items and the communication situation. To carry out this study, we have built a heterogeneous corpus which consists of several spoken and written interactions with different degrees of proximity (interviews, spontaneous conversations, forum posts, chat, anecdotes Vie de Merde). The aim of this study is to understand the paramaters entering into DRD's variation (appeal and form), beyond the spoken/written opposition
40
HAZOOR, ABRAR. "(Provisional) Development and Implementation of a Novel Intelligent Speed Adaptation System Based on Sight Distance." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2973432.
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Jogineedi, Rohit. "Development of Comparative Wear Test of ASTM G75 Standard." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2240.
Abstract:
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF ROHIT JOGINEEDI, for the Master of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering and Processes, presented on 11/06/2017, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: DEVELOPMENT OF COMPARATIVE WEAR TEST FOR ASTM G75 STANDARD MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Peter Filip Industries related to tribology field invest huge amounts in testing products they handle. Most of their budget goes into running tests on corresponding friction, wear or lubrication testing instruments. These tests are observed to be consuming more time with an increase in operational costs. This gained importance among industries for developing economical testing methods designed to run on one or more machines to study tribological conditions. As friction and wear are system properties, change in system variables like distance, velocity, time and area can have notable impact on those properties. This paper discusses about various approaches to develop comparative test on sub scale testers for ASTM G75 standard. Scaling Laws of Physics and comparison of wear mode are two approaches used in this paper to justify the comparative test developed for ASTM G75 on a bench top tester developed by Bruker. Results from the ASTM G75 standard and the UMT are compared and concluded that scaling strategies cannot be used to replicate the standard test methods on sub scale testers but comparison of wear mode could help. This proposed comparative test for ASTM G75 is observed to have lower operational costs thereby decreasing the amount of investment on testing friction or wear products in an industry.
42
Claesson, Martin, and Lovisa Edholm. "How Different Parameters Affect the Downlink Speed." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131484.
Abstract:
Today many societies rely on fast mobile networks, and the future seem to place even larger demand on the networks performance. This thesis analyzes which parameters affects the downlink speed of mobile networks. Various statistical analyses are performed on a large dataset provided by Bredbandskollen. We find that parameters such as the internet service provider, the type of phone, the time of day and the density of population affect the downlink speed. We also find that the downlink speeds are significantly higher in urban areas compared to more rural regions.
43
Carnes, Andrew. "The effect of peer influence on running speed, enjoyment, and perceived exertion in intercollegiate distance runners." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1309360806.
44
Belam, Patricia Viana. "Avaliação do website \'Voice assessment: speech-language pathology and audiology & medicine\', volume 1 - do Projeto Homem Virtual - no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem da língua inglesa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-16072014-114803/.
Abstract:
Acompanhando a crescente utilização de tecnologias de informática nas áreas da educação e saúde, com base nas propostas do EAD, foi desenvolvido, em 2013, o website Voz: fonoaudiologia e medicina, versão em língua inglesa norte-americana, a partir do CD-ROM Voz: fonoaudiologia e medicina, do Projeto Homem Virtual, volume 1, elaborado em 2006, em uma parceria entre a Universidade de São Paulo e a Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo a avaliação de sua eficácia como instrumento educacional, em relação aos aspectos cognitivos e subjetivos, no contexto de ensino de língua inglesa, mais especificamente no ensino de sua pronúncia, constituindo a fase final do projeto multicêntrico de desenvolvimento e avaliação do website. Os participantes desta pesquisa foram 30 alunos, sendo 15 do Curso de Letras e 15 do Curso de Tradutor da Universidade do Sagrado Coração, na cidade de Bauru, SP, que cursavam a disciplina denominada Fonética e Fonologia da Língua Inglesa, ministrada pela própria pesquisadora. O grupo de 30 alunos foi dividido em dois grupos iguais de 15 alunos, denominados Grupo Experimental (GE), aquele que fez uso do website como material complementar à disciplina, e o Grupo Controle (GC), que não fez uso do website. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio da aplicação de dois questionários, que reuniram dados relativos aos aspectos cognitivos - o Questionário anterior ao acesso do website e o Questionário posterior ao acesso do website, bem como do preenchimento da Ficha de Pesquisa Motivacional após o estudo. Foram utilizados, para o acesso ao website, três meios diferentes: tablet, smartphone e computador. Para a comparação entre os grupos, considerando cada questão e o número de acertos de cada aluno, foram aplicados o teste exato de Fisher e o Teste T Pareado, respectivamente. Para a comparação entre os diferentes meios de acesso ao website foi aplicada a Análise de Variância seguida do teste de Tukey. Após o estudo do website, os resultados revelam que o GE apresentou melhor desempenho em todas as questões em relação ao GC, bem como maior número de acertos por participante em relação às questões dos questionários. No que diz respeito aos meios de acesso, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para a comparação entre os três meios quando considerou-se a diferença entre o número de acertos nos questionários pré e pós. No que se refere à avaliação dos aspectos subjetivos, aferida pela Ficha de Pesquisa Motivacional, a análise dos dados revelou um website Impressionante. Dessa forma, o website mostrou-se eficaz como instrumento educacional considerando-se tanto sua avaliação relativa aos aspectos cognitivos quanto aos subjetivos, independentemente dos meios de acesso utilizados. São sugeridas, todavia, novas pesquisas, a fim de expandir a utilização e avaliar a eficácia do website em outros contextos de ensino de língua inglesa, com vistas a conferir a esse instrumento educacional a distância uma qualidade e eficácia ainda maiores.Following the increasing use of computer technologies in the areas of education and health, based on Distance Education proposals, the website Voice assessment: speech-language pathology and audiology & medicine was developed, based on the Portuguese version of the CD-ROM Voice assessment: speech-language pathology and audiology & medicine, Virtual Man Project, volume 1, developed in 2006, in a partnership between the University of São Paulo (USP) and the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP). In this sense, this research aimed at evaluating its efficacy as an educational instrument concerning its cognitive and subjective aspects, in the context of English language teaching, more specifically in pronunciation teaching, being the last phase of the multicenter research project responsible for the website development and evaluation. 30 students participated in this research 15 from the Languages Teaching Course and 15 from the Translator Course at University of Sagrado Coração, in the city of Bauru, who were studying the subject English Phonetics and Phonology, whose teacher was the researcher. The group of 30 students was divided into 2 equal groups of 15 students, called Experimental Group which made use of the website as a complementary material for the subject, and the Control Group - which did not use the website. Data collection was carried out by means of two questionnaires, which gathered data related to the cognitive aspects the Pre-website Questionnaire and the Post-website Questionnaire, besides the Motivational Research Form, after the study. Three different means were used to access the website: tablet, smartphone and computer. For the comparison between the groups, considering each question and the number of right answers from each participant, the Fishers Exact Test and the Paired T- Test were used, respectively. For the comparison among the three different website access means, the Analysis of Variance was used followed by the Tukey Test. After the website study, results showed that the Experimental Group had a better performance in all the questions in relation to the Control Group, as well as a greater number of right answers per participant to the questions in the questionnaires. As to the access means, there was no significant statistical difference in the comparison among the three means when the difference between the number of right answers in the pre and post-website questionnaires was considered. In relation to the evaluation concerning the subjective aspects, assessed by the Motivational Research Form, data analysis revealed an Impressive website. Thus, the website showed efficacy as an educational instrument in relation to its evaluation both regarding the cognitive and the subjective aspects, independently of the means used. Nevertheless, further research is suggested aiming at expanding the use and evaluating the efficacy of the website in other contexts of English teaching in order to grant this Distance Education instrument greater quality and efficacy.
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Wrobel, Shannon Alicia. "Multi-Function LIDAR Sensors for Non-Contact Speed and Track Geometry Measurement in Rail Vehicles." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23134.
Abstract:
A Doppler LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR or lidar) system is studied for the application of measuring train ground speed in a non-contacting manner, as an alternative to the current train speed measurement devices such as wheel-mounted tachometers or encoders. The ability to accurately measure train speed and distance is a critical part of monitoring track geometry conditions.Wheel-mounted tachometer speed measurements often fluctuate due to wheel vibrations, change in wheel diameter, or wheel slip affecting the measurement accuracy. Frequent calibrations are needed to account for changes in wheel diameter due to wear. Additionally, the high levels of vibrations at the wheel can cause occasional mechanical failure of the encoder.
This thesis examines LIDAR as a non-contact train speed measurement device as a direct retrofit for wheel-mounted encoders. LIDAR uses Doppler technology to accurately measure train speed. The LIDAR system consists of two laser sensors and can be installed on either the car body or the truck on the underside of the train. The sensors measure the true ground speed of each rail, from which the track curvature can then be assessed based on the difference between the right and left rail speeds. The LIDAR train speed, distance, and curvature results are then evaluated against encoder readings and other conventional train measurement devices.
Various tests were performed, including field-testing onboard a track geometry railcar operated by Norfolk Southern for evaluating the efficacy, accuracy, and durability of the LIDAR system; and laboratory tests on a 40-foot rail panel for assessing the ability to obtain measurements at super low speeds.
The test results indicate that when compared with other conventional means used by the railroad industry, LIDAR is capable of accurately measuring train speed and distance from speeds as slow as 0.3 mph and up to 100 mph. Additionally, the curvature
measurements proved to be as accurate as Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) that are commonly used in track geometry measurement railcars.
Master of Science
46
Mallula, Christine. "Comparing Garmin Forerunner 405CX GPS and Nike + iPod to Accurately Measure Energy Expenditure, Distance, and Speed of Overground Running." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1273708884.
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Hess, Marc Frederick. "Flight characteristics of pen-reared and wild prairie-chickens and an evaluation of a greenhouse to rear prairie-chickens." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/163.
Abstract:
The introduction of pen-reared Attwater's prairie-chickens (APC, Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) into the wild to supplement existing populations has met with marginal success. Flight characteristics, predator avoidance behavior, and rearing methods are possible factors contributing to post-release mortality of pen-reared birds. To evaluate flight characteristics and predator avoidance behavior of pen-reared APC's released onto the Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge, flight characteristics and predator avoidance behavior of pen-reared APC's was compared to wild greater prairie-chickens (GPC, T. c. pinnatus) in Minnesota and Kansas using a radar gun and a trained dog. There was no difference (P = 0.134) in flight speed for pen-reared APC and wild GPC. However, wild GPC had greater (P < 0.001) flight distances than did pen-reared APC. Wild GPC and pen-reared APC that had survived in the wild for at least a year flushed at a greater (P < 0.001) distance from an approaching human than did pen-reared APC that had been released for less than 3 months. A trained dog was able to approach closer (P < 0.001) to APC than GPC before birds flushed, and APC did not fly as far as GPC after being flushed by the dog. Pen-reared APC displayed flight endurance deficiencies and were more approachable by humans and a dog before they flushed when compared to wild GPC, which could explain their increased mortality when released into the wild. To determine if APC chicks could be reared without daily human contact, pelleted food, and water in founts, a greenhouse was used to rear chicks in a semi-natural environment. Planted vegetation and commercial insects provided hiding cover and a food source for the APC chicks. An underground heat source provided chick warmth, and water misters and a sprinkler system simulated dew (a water source for chicks) and rain. The greenhouse provided chicks protection from predators and adverse weather conditions (before they could thermo-regulate) while exposing chicks to natural sunlight, day length, and temperature fluctuations. This technique allowed chicks to be reared in a semi-natural environment which reinforced their natural foraging behavior for food and water, and reinforced their hiding and avoidance behaviors, creating a wilder pen-reared bird.
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Teixeira, Rogério Felipe Santos. "Distância, velocidade, proximidade e redes: fabricando conceitos em educação a distância." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5165.
Abstract:
Apresentamos neste trabalho uma investigação acerca de algumas das condições que compõem as aplicações da chamada Educação a Distância no Brasil. Interessa-nos, em particular, descobrir as potencialidades desta modalidade de ensino-aprendizagem que se dão através do uso de computadores atrelados à Internet. Porém, optamos por adotar uma perspectiva imanente de investigação, que engloba uma multiplicidade de questões que atravessam a Educação como um todo e não somente o seu modo de operação à distância. Para tanto, nós realizamos uma espécie de cartografia mezzo-histórica do ensinar-aprender à distância no nosso país com o intuito de mostrar como é longa a distância entre as primeiras experiências em Educação a Distância e o cenário atual propício a estas práticas. Discutimos a apropriação de técnicas, tecnologias e usos que ocorrem em meio a linhas políticas, econômicas, pedagógicas e, sobretudo, éticas, constituindo algumas das condições cruciais à invenção e captura deste modo de fazer educacional. Analisamos alguns dos possíveis impactos na Educação a Distância vigente em nosso país que são efeito do ressentimento oriundo do contínuo e inacabável processo de Globalização, que afeta diferentes segmentos da nossa sociedade, não deixando de forma alguma ilesos os processos de ensino-aprendizagem contemporâneos. Frente a esta conjectura, nós avançamos na tentativa de verificar até que ponto é possível extrair potências da suposta fragilidade imposta pela política neoliberal nos dias de hoje, amparados pelas pistas deixadas pelo trabalho de Deleuze e de Foucault no movimento que vai das Sociedades Disciplinares às de Controle misturadas às alternativas apontadas pelo que se convém denominar Capitalismo Cognitivo. As condições de experiência e de produção de sentido(s) possíveis em processos de Educação a Distância são problematizadas através da fabricação dos conceitos de distância, proximidade e velocidade, por um percurso que nos posiciona entre as duas margens mais comuns na discussão sobre esta referida modalidade de ensino-aprendizagem, que são compostas de um lado por entusiastas e de outro pelos algozes críticos. Apresentamos ainda neste estudo algumas noções de rede, considerando as suas possíveis conceituações, seja como parafernália técnica que viabiliza conexões informáticas, permitindo a comunicação na Internet, seja como modo de mobilização de coletivos que buscam a multiplicação de sentidos em suas práticas. Apostamos na capacidade inerente às redes de aumentar consideravelmente a potência de ação dos coletivos envolvidos com práticas de ensino-aprendizagem à distância, através da implementação de estratégias e táticas micropolíticas, conforme inspiração na análise acerca do processo de invenção do cotidiano registrado na obra de Michel de Certeau.At this work we present an investigation about some of the conditions that make possible the applications of the Distance Education in Brazil in order to discover the potential of this teaching/learning method that occur through the use of computers linked to the Internet. However, we choose to adopt an immanent perspective in research, which includes a multiplicity of issues that cross the Education as a whole, and not just its distance operation mode. We build some kind of historical cartography of the Distance Education practices in our country considering their political, economical, educational and, above all, ethical lines of constitution. We have reviewed some of the impacts on Distance Education in our country that are effect of the resentment that comes from the continuous and endless process of globalization, which affects different segments of our society, focusing in the teaching/learning contemporary practices. Facing this conjecture, we move forward, verifying how can we extract potencies of the weakness which are imposed to us by the neoliberal policies of nowadays. We work with the support of the studies of Deleuze and Foucault regarding to the movement that goes from the Societies of Discipline to the Societies of Control, mixed with the arrangements and alternatives proposed by the event of the Cognitive Capitalism. The conditions of experience and production of meaning(s) that are possible in Distance Education processes are investigated through the production of the concepts of distance, speed and proximity, when we assume the position between the two usual sides at Distance Education discussions that are composed in one part by enthusiasts and in other by its exagerated critics. We work still with some conceptualizations for the term network, considering it as a technique paraphernalia that enables computer connections, allowing the communication through the Internet, and also as a way of collectives mobilization that seek to multiply the meanings in their practices. We believe in the inherent capacity of the networks to considerably increase the power of action of the collectives involved in distance teaching/learning practices, through the implementation of strategies and micropolitical tactics, under the inspiration on the analysis about the process of the invention of everyday life practices presented in the work of Michel de Certeau.
49
Santos, Aline Robertina dos. "Curso a distância para professores: Conhecendo os segredos da voz e da expressividade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-12062012-145921/.
Abstract:
O professor necessita ter uma voz saudável, com boa qualidade e um bom desempenho comunicativo para obter sucesso profissional. O uso da internet pode facilitar o acesso destes profissionais a tais informações. O presente estudo objetivou elaborar um curso à distância para professores sobre saúde vocal e expressividade que capacite essa população a cuidar da voz e aprimorar a comunicação em sala de aula e que traga satisfação aos usuários. Foi desenvolvido um site com conteúdo teórico intitulado Conhecendo os Segredos da Voz e da Expressividade, o qual foi disponibilizado para os professores em 3 módulos: 1º- A voz e os problemas de voz; 2º- Saúde Vocal e 3º- A voz e a oratória em sala de aula. Participaram efetivamente desta pesquisa 10 professores, sendo 9 mulheres e 1 homem, com idades entre 25 e 54 anos, pertencentes a escolas públicas de ensino Fundamental e Médio dos municípios de Bauru, Suzano e Poá, do estado de São Paulo. Os participantes responderam a questionários antes e após a conclusão do curso, que teve duração de no máximo 30 dias. Para verificar o conhecimento e os hábitos dos participantes antes e após o curso, os resultados dos questionários foram submetidos à análise estatística (teste t pareado). Após o curso foi aplicado um questionário de satisfação, o qual foi analisado de forma descritiva. Observou-se aumento do conhecimento, redução de hábitos considerados inadequados e aumento de hábitos adequados, com significância estatística (p<0,05). Quanto à satisfação dos usuários, 80% consideraram o curso ótimo e 20% bom. O curso a distância Conhecendo os Segredos da Voz e da Expressividade foi elaborado como proposto e demonstrou ser um material que promoveu o aumento do conhecimento e da conscientização quanto às práticas adequadas e prejudiciais ao uso da voz e proporcionou satisfação aos professores.The teacher needs to have a healthy voice, with good quality and good communicative performance for professional success. The use of the Internet can facilitate their access to such information. This study aimed to develop a distance learning course for teachers on health and vocal expressiveness that enables this population to take care of the voice and enhance communication in the classroom and bring satisfaction to the users. It was developed a site with theoretical content entitled \"Knowing the Secrets of Voice and Expressiveness\", which was made available to teachers in three modules: 1 - The voice and voice problems, 2 Vocal Health, and 3rd - The voice and oratory in the classroom. Actively participated in this study 10 teachers, 9 women and 1 man, aged between 25 and 54 years, belonging to public schools teaching elementary and high schools in the cities of Bauru, Suzano and Poa, the state of Sao Paulo. Participants completed questionnaires before and after the completion of the course which lasted a maximum of 30 days. To verify the knowledge and habits of the participants before and after the course, the results of the questionnaires were subjected to statistical analysis (t test - paired). After the course was administered a satisfaction questionnaire. There was an increase of knowledge, a reduction of negative habits and increase of positive habits, with statistical significance. With regard to user satisfaction, 80% considered the optimal course and 20% as good. The distance course \"Knowing the Secrets of Voice and Expressiveness\" was developed as proposed and shown to be a material that promoted the increase of knowledge and awareness about the harmful practices and appropriate use of voice and gave satisfaction to the teachers.
50
Stein, Andreas. "Test-retest reliability of Medicine Ball throws along with correlation to clubhead speed and carry distance in young skilled golfers." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-38106.