Journal articles on the topic 'Distance mapping approach'
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Ouahada, Khmaies, and Hendrik C. Ferreira. "New Distance Concept and Graph Theory Approach for Certain Coding Techniques Design and Analysis." Communications in Applied and Industrial Mathematics 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caim-2019-0012.
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Abstract A New graph distance concept introduced for certain coding techniques helped in their design and analysis as in the case of distance-preserving mappings and spectral shaping codes. A graph theoretic construction, mapping binary sequences to permutation sequences and inspired from the k-cube graph has reached the upper bound on the sum of the distances for certain values of the length of the permutation sequence. The new introduced distance concept in the k-cube graph helped better understanding and analyzing for the first time the concept of distance-reducing mappings. A combination of distance and the index-permutation graph concepts helped uncover and verify certain properties of spectral null codes, which were previously difficult to analyze.
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Dibbern, Kevin, Grayson Talaski, Eli Schmidt, Ryan Jasper, Vineel Mallavarapu, Matthew Jones, Hannah Stebral, et al. "Ankle syndesmotic instability assessment using a three-dimensional distance mapping algorithm: a cadaveric pilot WBCT study." Journal of the Foot & Ankle 16, no. 3 (December 20, 2022): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30795/jfootankle.2022.v16.1673.
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Objective: This cadaveric pilot study was to develop a weight bearing computed tomography (WBCT) three-dimensional (3D) distance mapping algorithm that would allow for detection of syndesmotic instability. Methods: Pilot study, two cadaveric specimens. Syndesmotic instability was induced by release of all syndesmotic ligaments through a conventional lateral ankle approach. WBCT imaging under simulated weight bearing was acquired before and after syndesmotic destabilization. Syndesmotic incisura and ankle gutter distances were assessed using a 3D distance mapping WBCT algorithm. Results: We found increases in the overall mean syndesmotic distances in the injured syndesmosis when compared to pre-injury state, and color coded distance maps allowed easy interpretation of the syndesmotic widening following ligament sectioning and destabilization of the syndesmotic joint. Conclusion: The WBCT 3D distance mapping algorithm has the potential to allow detection of mild syndesmotic instability with a relatively ease of interpretation by using color-coded distance maps. Level of Evidence V; Cadaveric Study.
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Linschoten, Marcel R., Teake Bultsma, Ad P. Ijzerman, and Hendrik Timmerman. "Mapping the turkey erythrocyte .beta.-receptor: a distance geometry approach." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 29, no. 2 (February 1986): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00152a017.
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Long, Zhili, Ronghua He, Yuxiang He, Haoyao Chen, and Zuohua Li. "Feature Extraction and Mapping Construction for Mobile Robot via Ultrasonic MDP and Fuzzy Model." Sensors 18, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 3673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113673.
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This paper presents a modeling approach to feature classification and environment mapping for indoor mobile robotics via a rotary ultrasonic array and fuzzy modeling. To compensate for the distance error detected by the ultrasonic sensor, a novel feature extraction approach termed “minimum distance of point” (MDP) is proposed to determine the accurate distance and location of target objects. A fuzzy model is established to recognize and classify the features of objects such as flat surfaces, corner, and cylinder. An environmental map is constructed for automated robot navigation based on this fuzzy classification, combined with a cluster algorithm and least-squares fitting. Firstly, the platform of the rotary ultrasonic array is established by using four low-cost ultrasonic sensors and a motor. Fundamental measurements, such as the distance of objects at different rotary angles and with different object materials, are carried out. Secondly, the MDP feature extraction algorithm is proposed to extract precise object locations. Compared with the conventional range of constant distance (RCD) method, the MDP method can compensate for errors in feature location and feature matching. With the data clustering algorithm, a range of ultrasonic distances is attained and used as the input dataset. The fuzzy classification model—including rules regarding data fuzzification, reasoning, and defuzzification—is established to effectively recognize and classify the object feature types. Finally, accurate environment mapping of a service robot, based on MDP and fuzzy modeling of the measurements from the ultrasonic array, is demonstrated. Experimentally, our present approach can realize environment mapping for mobile robotics with the advantages of acceptable accuracy and low cost.
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Park, Seula, Gunhak Lee, and Jung Ok Kim. "Flood Evacuation Mapping Using a Time–Distance cartogram." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4 (March 29, 2020): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040207.
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When flooding occurs, people should be evacuated safely to designated shelters along the optimal routes to minimize serious damages on lives and properties. However, in general, only limited information related to evacuation procedures and using a directional arrow to indicate existing shelters is provided on the evacuation map. Moreover, the evacuation routes leading to nearby shelters are not presented effectively to people in an emergency situation. This paper aimed to provide an approach to generate a flood evacuation cartogram based on an actual evacuation. The proposed time–distance cartogram preserves the topological characteristics by minimizing distortion in transforming the evacuation routes. To empirically evaluate its application, we applied the proposed method to Siheung city in Korea. As a result, optimal shelter and evacuation routes were derived by considering significant factors influencing the actual access to the facilities. Moreover, the flood evacuation cartogram provides a more intuitive visualization than classic topographic maps, by relocating shelters and reshaping the routes intended for evacuation. The suggested method is significant as it provides practical flood evacuation information effectively and intuitively, and the generated cartograms as empirical results also provide helpful insights for more efficient evacuation plans.
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Sudaryatno, Sudaryatno, Prima Widayani, Totok Wahyu Wibowo, Bagus Wiratmoko, and Wahyu Nurbandi. "Evidence Based Landslide Hazard Mapping in Purworejo using Information Value Model Approach." Forum Geografi 33, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v33i1.7592.
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Purworejo District, which is located in Central Java, Indonesia, is prone to landslides. These are a natural hazard that often occur in mountainous areas, so landslide hazard analysis is needed to develop mitigation strategies. This paper elaborates on the use of an evidence-based statistical approach using the Information Value Model (IVM) to conduct landslide hazard mapping. The parameters of slope, aspect, elevation, rainfall, NDVI, distance from rivers, distance from the road network, and distance from faults were employed for the analysis, which was conducted based on a raster data environment, since the pixel is the most appropriate means to represent continuous data. Landslide evidence data were collected by combining secondary data and interpreting satellite imagery to identify old landslides. The IVM was successfully calculated by combining factors related to disposition to landslides and data on 19 landslide occurrences. The results helped produce a landslide susceptibility map for the northern and eastern parts of Purworejo District.
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Cabrera-Barona, Pablo F., Manuel Bayón, Gustavo Durán, Alejandra Bonilla, and Verónica Mejía. "Generating and Mapping Amazonian Urban Regions Using a Geospatial Approach." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9070453.
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(1) background: Urban representations of the Amazon are urgently needed in order to better understand the complexity of urban processes in this area of the World. So far, limited work that represents Amazonian urban regions has been carried out. (2) methods: Our study area is the Ecuadorian Amazon. We performed a K-means algorithm using six urban indicators: Urban fractal dimension, number of paved streets, urban radiant intensity (luminosity), and distances to the closest new deforested areas, to oil pollution sources, and to mining pollution sources. We also carried out fieldwork to qualitatively validate our geospatial and statistical analyses. (3) results: We generated six Amazonian urban regions representing different urban configurations and processes of major cities, small cities, and emerging urban zones. The Amazonian urban regions generated represent the urban systems of the Ecuadorian Amazon at a general scale, and correspond to the urban realities at a local scale. (4) conclusions: An Amazonian urban region is understood as a set of urban zones that are dispersed and share common urban characteristics such a similar distance to oil pollution sources or similar urban radiant intensity. Our regionalization model represents the complexity of the Amazonian urban systems, and the applied methodology could be transferred to other Amazonian countries.
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Rosario, Geraldine E., Elke A. Rundensteiner, David C. Brown, Matthew O. Ward, and Shiping Huang. "Mapping Nominal Values to Numbers for Effective Visualization." Information Visualization 3, no. 2 (June 2004): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500072.
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Data sets with a large numbers of nominal variables, including some with large number of distinct values, are becoming increasingly common and need to be explored. Unfortunately, most existing visual exploration tools are designed to handle numeric variables only. When importing data sets with nominal values into such visualization tools, most solutions to date are rather simplistic. Often, techniques that map nominal values to numbers do not assign order or spacing among the values in a manner that conveys semantic relationships. Moreover, displays designed for nominal variables usually cannot handle high cardinality variables well. This paper addresses the problem of how to display nominal variables in general-purpose visual exploration tools designed for numeric variables. Specifically, we investigate (1) how to assign order and spacing among the nominal values, and (2) how to reduce the number of distinct values to display. We propose a new technique, called the Distance-Quantification-Classing (DQC) approach, to preprocess nominal variables before being imported into a visual exploration tool. In the Distance Step, we identify a set of independent dimensions that can be used to calculate the distance between nominal values. In the Quantification Step, we use the independent dimensions and the distance information to assign order and spacing among the nominal values. In the Classing Step, we use results from the previous steps to determine which values within the domain of a variable are similar to each other and thus can be grouped together. Each step in the DQC approach can be accomplished by a variety of techniques. We extended the XmdvTool package to incorporate this approach. We evaluated our approach on several data sets using a variety of measures.
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Mishra, P. C., and R. D. Tewari. "Fixed closest distance of approach dipole potential mapping: An effective alternative to the monopole isopotential approach." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32, no. 2 (August 1987): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560320204.
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Peterson, Nicholas R., and Boris Pittel. "Distance between two random k-out digraphs, with and without preferential attachment." Advances in Applied Probability 47, no. 3 (September 2015): 858–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1444308885.
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A random k-out mapping (digraph) on [n] is generated by choosing k random images of each vertex one at a time, subject to a 'preferential attachment' rule: the current vertex selects an image i with probability proportional to a given parameter α = α(n) plus the number of times i has already been selected. Intuitively, the larger α becomes, the closer the resulting k-out mapping is to the uniformly random k-out mapping. We prove that α = Θ(n1/2) is the threshold for α growing 'fast enough' to make the random digraph approach the uniformly random digraph in terms of the total variation distance. We also determine an exact limit for this distance for the α = βn1/2 case.
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Peterson, Nicholas R., and Boris Pittel. "Distance between two random k-out digraphs, with and without preferential attachment." Advances in Applied Probability 47, no. 03 (September 2015): 858–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800048862.
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A random k-out mapping (digraph) on [n] is generated by choosing k random images of each vertex one at a time, subject to a 'preferential attachment' rule: the current vertex selects an image i with probability proportional to a given parameter α = α(n) plus the number of times i has already been selected. Intuitively, the larger α becomes, the closer the resulting k-out mapping is to the uniformly random k-out mapping. We prove that α = Θ(n 1/2) is the threshold for α growing 'fast enough' to make the random digraph approach the uniformly random digraph in terms of the total variation distance. We also determine an exact limit for this distance for the α = β n 1/2 case.
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Keylock, Christopher J., David M. McClung, and Magnús Már Magnússon. "Avalanche risk mapping by simulation." Journal of Glaciology 45, no. 150 (1999): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000001805.
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AbstractIn this paper we present a simulation approach to mapping avalanche risk with application to settlements in Iceland. Two simulation models are developed to calculate the probability of avalanches travelling a certain distance, and of the flow being a specific width. These two simulation models, in combination with knowledge of the average frequency of avalanche occurrence, the variability in avalanche direction and the degree of loss caused by an avalanche, permit risk values to be determined for the areas of concern.
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Keylock, Christopher J., David M. McClung, and Magnús Már Magnússon. "Avalanche risk mapping by simulation." Journal of Glaciology 45, no. 150 (1999): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000001805.
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AbstractIn this paper we present a simulation approach to mapping avalanche risk with application to settlements in Iceland. Two simulation models are developed to calculate the probability of avalanches travelling a certain distance, and of the flow being a specific width. These two simulation models, in combination with knowledge of the average frequency of avalanche occurrence, the variability in avalanche direction and the degree of loss caused by an avalanche, permit risk values to be determined for the areas of concern.
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Cheng, Juan, Fulin Wei, Yu Liu, Chang Li, Qiang Chen, and Xun Chen. "Chinese Sign Language Recognition Based on DTW-Distance-Mapping Features." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 6, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8953670.
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Sign language is an important communication tool between the deaf and the external world. As the number of the Chinese deaf accounts for 15% of the world, it is highly urgent to develop a Chinese sign language recognition (CSLR) system. Recently, a novel phonology- and radical-coded CSL, taking advantages of a limited and constant number of coded gestures, has been preliminarily verified to be feasible for practical CSLR systems. The keynote of this version of CSL is that the same coded gesture performed in different orientations has different meanings. In this paper, we mainly propose a novel two-stage feature representation method to effectively characterize the CSL gestures. First, an orientation-sensitive feature is extracted regarding the distances between the palm center and the key points of the hand contour. Second, the extracted features are transformed by a dynamic time warping- (DTW-) based feature mapping approach for better representation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed feature extraction and mapping approaches. The averaged classification accuracy of all the 39 types of CSL gestures acquired from 11 subjects exceeds 93% for all the adopted classifiers, achieving significant improvement compared to the scheme without DTW-distance-mapping.
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Meera, A., Lalitha Rangarajan, and Savithri Bhat. "Computational approach towards promoter sequence comparison via TF mapping using a new distance measure." Interdisciplinary Sciences: Computational Life Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 2011): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12539-011-0057-x.
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Zhou, G., J. Wei, X. Zhou, R. Zhang, W. Huang, H. Sha, and J. Chen. "AN ISOMETRIC MAPPING BASED CO-LOCATION DECISION TREE ALGORITHM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (May 2, 2018): 2531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2531-2018.
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Decision tree (DT) induction has been widely used in different pattern classification. However, most traditional DTs have the disadvantage that they consider only non-spatial attributes (ie, spectral information) as a result of classifying pixels, which can result in objects being misclassified. Therefore, some researchers have proposed a co-location decision tree (Cl-DT) method, which combines co-location and decision tree to solve the above the above-mentioned traditional decision tree problems. Cl-DT overcomes the shortcomings of the existing DT algorithms, which create a node for each value of a given attribute, which has a higher accuracy than the existing decision tree approach. However, for non-linearly distributed data instances, the euclidean distance between instances does not reflect the true positional relationship between them. In order to overcome these shortcomings, this paper proposes an isometric mapping method based on Cl-DT (called, (Isomap-based Cl-DT), which is a method that combines heterogeneous and Cl-DT together. Because isometric mapping methods use geodetic distances instead of Euclidean distances between non-linearly distributed instances, the true distance between instances can be reflected. The experimental results and several comparative analyzes show that: (1) The extraction method of exposed carbonate rocks is of high accuracy. (2) The proposed method has many advantages, because the total number of nodes, the number of leaf nodes and the number of nodes are greatly reduced compared to Cl-DT. Therefore, the Isomap -based Cl-DT algorithm can construct a more accurate and faster decision tree.
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Permata, Linda. "Non-linear Geostatistics Approach for An Integrated Surface Mapping in Epithermal Gold Deposit, Lampung." Journal of Science and Applicative Technology 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.35472/jsat.v5i2.444.
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A conventional surface mapping is calculated by any means of linear interpolator such as nearest neighborhood point (NNP), inverse distance (IDW)/inverse distance square (IDS), polygon, contour weighing, Ordinary Kriging (OK). The latter is included in geostatistic methods and provides more advanced weighing method that differs from the rest. Although OK provides smoothing over mapping data but it does not cover categorial (non-value) data. Besides, it is not best in strongly skewed data that are common in exploration data and is limited to the expected value at some location. On the other hand, a non-linear interpolator is conducted to estimate the conditional expectation at a location, that not only to simply predict the grade or other parameter itself, but also the probability of the parameter at a location with known nearby samples. An integrated surface mapping should have many kinds of data that can be categorized into continous data (grade, thickness, elevation, etc.) and categorial data (lithology, alteration, structural data, etc.). In order to create a block that consist of all data available in a given deposit, a non-linier transformation will be conducted to estimate values at determined thresholds by Kriging methods – known as Indicator Kriging method and its variants.
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Denisov, Stepan S., Johannes H. Ippel, Ben J. Mans, Ingrid Dijkgraaf, and Tilman M. Hackeng. "SecScan: a general approach for mapping disulfide bonds in synthetic and recombinant peptides and proteins." Chemical Communications 55, no. 10 (2019): 1374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc08777f.
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Souza, Anderson, and Luiz M. G. Gonçalves. "Occupancy-elevation grid: an alternative approach for robotic mapping and navigation." Robotica 34, no. 11 (April 15, 2015): 2592–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574715000235.
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SUMMARYThis paper proposes an alternative environment mapping method for accurate robotic navigation based on 3D information. Typical techniques for 3D mapping using occupancy grid require intensive computational workloads in order to both build and store the map. This work introduces an Occupancy-Elevation Grid (OEG) mapping technique, which is a discrete mapping approach where each cell represents the occupancy probability, the height of the terrain and its variance. This representation allows a mobile robot to know with an accurate degree of certainty whether a place in the environment is occupied by an obstacle and the height of such obstacle. Thus, based on its hardware characteristics, it can make calculations to decide if it is possible to traverse that specific place. In general, the map representation introduced can be used in conjunction with any kind of distance sensor. In this work, we use laser range data and stereo system data with a probabilistic treatment. The resulting maps allow the execution of tasks as decision making for autonomous navigation, exploration, localization and path planning, considering the existence and the height of the obstacles. Experiments carried out with real data demonstrate that the proposed approach yields useful maps for autonomous navigation.
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Fattorini, L., R. M. Di Biase, D. Giuliarelli, M. Marcheselli, C. Pisani, and P. Corona. "Mapping the diversity of forest attributes: a design-based approach." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 2 (February 2019): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0204.
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Forest attributes such as volume or basal area are concentrated at tree locations and are absent elsewhere. It is, therefore, more meaningful to consider the amount of forest attributes at a prefixed spatial grain, within regular plots of prefixed size centered at the points of the study area. In this way, the diversity of attributes within plots also can be considered and quantified by suitable indexes, giving rise to a diversity surface defined on the continuum of points constituting the area. We analyze the estimation of diversity surfaces when a sample of plots is selected by a probabilistic sampling scheme and diversity within nonsampled plots is estimated using an inverse distance weighting interpolator. We discuss the design-based asymptotic properties of the resulting maps when the survey area remains fixed and the number of sampled points increases. Because diversity surfaces share suitable mathematical properties, if the schemes adopted to select sample points ensure an even coverage of the study areas avoiding large portions of non-sampled zones, it can be proven that the estimated maps approach the true maps.
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Pless, Evlyn, Norah P. Saarman, Jeffrey R. Powell, Adalgisa Caccone, and Giuseppe Amatulli. "A machine-learning approach to map landscape connectivity inAedes aegyptiwith genetic and environmental data." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 9 (February 22, 2021): e2003201118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003201118.
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Mapping landscape connectivity is important for controlling invasive species and disease vectors. Current landscape genetics methods are often constrained by the subjectivity of creating resistance surfaces and the difficulty of working with interacting and correlated environmental variables. To overcome these constraints, we combine the advantages of a machine-learning framework and an iterative optimization process to develop a method for integrating genetic and environmental (e.g., climate, land cover, human infrastructure) data. We validate and demonstrate this method for theAedes aegyptimosquito, an invasive species and the primary vector of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika. We test two contrasting metrics to approximate genetic distance and find Cavalli-Sforza–Edwards distance (CSE) performs better than linearized FST. The correlation (R) between the model’s predicted genetic distance and actual distance is 0.83. We produce a map of genetic connectivity forAe. aegypti’s range in North America and discuss which environmental and anthropogenic variables are most important for predicting gene flow, especially in the context of vector control.
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Dwijotomo, Abdurahman, Mohd Azizi Abdul Rahman, Mohd Hatta Mohammed Ariff, Hairi Zamzuri, and Wan Muhd Hafeez Wan Azree. "Cartographer SLAM Method for Optimization with an Adaptive Multi-Distance Scan Scheduler." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010347.
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This paper presents the use of Google’s simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technique, namely Cartographer, and adaptive multistage distance scheduler (AMDS) to improve the processing speed. This approach optimizes the processing speed of SLAM which is known to have performance degradation as the map grows due to a larger scan matcher. In this proposed work, the adaptive method was successfully tested in an actual vehicle to map roads in real time. The AMDS performs a local pose correction by controlling the LiDAR sensor scan range and scan matcher search window with the help of scheduling algorithms. The scheduling algorithms manage the SLAM that swaps between short and long distances during map data collection. As a result, the algorithms efficiently improved performance speed similar to short distance LiDAR scans while maintaining the accuracy of the full distance of LiDAR. By swapping the scan distance of the sensor, and adaptively limiting the search size of the scan matcher to handle difference scan sizes, the pose’s generation performance time is improved by approximately 16% as compared with a fixed scan distance, while maintaining similar accuracy.
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Nguyen Hoang Thuy, Trang, and Stanislav Shydlouski. "Situations in Construction of 3D Mapping for Slam." MATEC Web of Conferences 155 (2018): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815501055.
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Nowadays, the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approach has become one of the most advanced engineering methods used for mobile robots to build maps in unknown or inaccessible spaces. Update maps before a certain area while tracking current location and distance. The motivation behind writing this paper is mainly to help us better understand about SLAM and the study situation of SLAM in the world today. Through this, we find the optimal algorithm for moving robots in three dimensions.
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Zhang, Wei, Wei Jia Zhou, and Xiao Yuan Liu. "Nonlinear System Fault Detection Based on TLLE." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1347.
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In this work, a nonlinear system fault detection approach based on tangent space distance locally linear embedding (TLLE) is proposed. In the algorithm, tangent space distance is introduced to LLE, which overcomes the shortcoming of original LLE method based on Euclidean distance. It can satisfy the requirement of locally linear much better and so can express the I/O mapping quality better than classical method. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the fault detection algorithm based on TLLE method.
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Kuzmin, P., M. Karpenko, E. Panidi, and A. Sebentsov. "ROAD NETWORK ACCOUNTING WHEN ESTIMATING SETTLEMENT FIELD POTENTIAL." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W2-2022 (January 12, 2023): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w2-2022-65-2023.
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Abstract. Population density is one of valuable factors of economic development and ecological stability in inhabited areas. Classic approach to direct estimation of the population density is the application of gravity model to the settlement. The distance in the model is estimated usually as a straight-line distance between settlements. Our study is devoted to implementation of gravitational model able to account distances in transportation network. This model is demanded when investigating transborder regions, where people migrations through the state border are possible at checkpoint locations only. We use the ArcGIS software to ensure settlement field potential computations and mapping, and Valhalla open source routing engine to build routes and compute distances. Current results of our study incorporates the data conversion and processing methodology, a set of algorithms (program code) that implements these techniques, and a map series produced for the Russia-Kazakhstan transborder region that illustrates performance of elaborated methodology.
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KALERA, MEENAKSHI K., SARGUR SRIHARI, and AIHUA XU. "OFFLINE SIGNATURE VERIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION USING DISTANCE STATISTICS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 18, no. 07 (November 2004): 1339–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003630.
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This paper describes a novel approach for signature verification and identification in an offline environment based on a quasi-multiresolution technique using GSC (Gradient, Structural and Concavity) features for feature extraction. These features when used at the word level, instead of the character level, yield promising results with accuracies as high as 78% and 93% for verification and identification, respectively. This method was successfully employed in our previous theory of individuality of handwriting developed at CEDAR — based on obtaining within and between writer statistical distance distributions. In this paper, exploring signature verification and identification as offline handwriting verification and identification tasks respectively, we depict a mapping from the handwriting domain to the signature domain.
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Mostaco-Guidolin, Leila, Soheil Hajimohammadi, Dragoş M. Vasilescu, and Tillie-Louise Hackett. "Application of Euclidean distance mapping for assessment of basement membrane thickness distribution in asthma." Journal of Applied Physiology 123, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00171.2017.
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Abnormal thickening of the airway basement membrane is one of the hallmarks of airway remodeling in asthma. The present protocols for measuring the basement membrane involve the use of stained tissue sections and measurements of the basement membrane thickness at certain intervals, followed by the calculation of the geometric mean thickness for each airway. This report describes an automated, unbiased approach which uses color segmentation to identify structures of interest on stained sections and Euclidean distance mapping to measure the thickness distribution of airway structures. This method was applied to study the thickness distribution of the basement membrane and airway epithelium in lungs donated for research from seven nonasthmatic and eight asthmatic age- and sex-matched donors. A total of 60 airways were assessed. We report that the thickness and thickness distribution of the basement membrane and airway epithelium are increased in large and small airways of asthmatics compared with nonasthmatics. Using this method we were able to demonstrate the heterogeneity in the thickness of the basement membrane and airway epithelium within individual airways of asthmatic subjects. This new computational method enables comprehensive and objective quantification of airway structures, which can be used to quantify heterogeneity of airway remodeling in obstructive lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The described application of Euclidean distance mapping provides an unbiased approach to study the extent and thickness distribution of changes in tissue structures. This approach will enable researchers to use computer-aided analysis of structural changes within lung tissue to understand the heterogeneity of airway remodeling in lung diseases.
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Tian, Wenchong, and Hao Wu. "Kernel Embedding Based Variational Approach for Low-Dimensional Approximation of Dynamical Systems." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 21, no. 3 (June 9, 2021): 635–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cmam-2020-0130.
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Abstract Transfer operators such as Perron–Frobenius and Koopman operator play a key role in modeling and analysis of complex dynamical systems, which allow linear representations of nonlinear dynamics by transforming the original state variables to feature spaces. However, it remains challenging to identify the optimal low-dimensional feature mappings from data. The variational approach for Markov processes (VAMP) provides a comprehensive framework for the evaluation and optimization of feature mappings based on the variational estimation of modeling errors, but it still suffers from a flawed assumption on the transfer operator and therefore sometimes fails to capture the essential structure of system dynamics. In this paper, we develop a powerful alternative to VAMP, called kernel embedding based variational approach for dynamical systems (KVAD). By using the distance measure of functions in the kernel embedding space, KVAD effectively overcomes theoretical and practical limitations of VAMP. In addition, we develop a data-driven KVAD algorithm for seeking the ideal feature mapping within a subspace spanned by given basis functions, and numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the modeling accuracy compared to VAMP.
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de Cesar Netto, Cesar, John Y. Kwon, Nacime SB Mansur, Matthieu Lalevée, Eli Schmidt, Ki Chun Kim, Andrew Behrens, Kepler Carvalho, and Kevin N. Dibbern. "Syndesmotic Malreduction Assessment using Three-Dimensional Distance Mapping: A Cadaveric WBCT Study." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00646.
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Category: Sports; Ankle; Ankle Arthritis; Arthroscopy; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Diagnosing syndesmotic injuries is challenging. Avoiding intra-operative syndesmotic malreduction is even more challenging. Malreduction can be devastating to the long-term health of the ankle joint and has been shown to be more frequent and unforgiving with rigid screw fixation when compared to flexible implants. Syndesmotic position assessment postoperatively is usually performed using bilateral CT. Evaluation is frequently subjective or based on conventional distance, angular, area, and volumetric measurements. Diagnostic accuracy of these measurements is still questionable. The goal of this study was to utilize a 3D Weightbearing CT distance mapping algorithm to objectively assess syndesmotic position in a cadaveric model simulating different patterns of syndesmotic malreduction. We also aimed to evaluate the relative changes in syndesmotic position when fixation was converted from rigid to flexible. Methods: In this cadaveric experimentation, four below-knee specimens were utilized. Specimens were mounted in an external frame simulated weightbearing condition (350N of axial load). Specimens underwent sequential WBCT imaging in four different conditions: native normal ankle, syndesmotic instability, malreduced, and released conditions. In the instability condition, syndesmotic ligaments were surgically released using a conventional limited lateral approach. The malreduced position consisted of controlled 5mm anterior displacement, 5mm posterior displacement, 15o of internal rotation, and over-compressed (160N) states. Fixation was performed with a single implant 20mm proximal to the ankle joint. Implant utilized allowed initial rigid screw- type fixation, followed by implant flexibilization similar to a suture-type fixation (released position). Tibia, fibula, and talus WBCT images were segmented, and syndesmotic incisura and gutter distances were assessed using a 3D distance map algorithm. The syndesmotic position was compared between normal, unstable, malreduced, and released positions. Color-coded representations of the observed differences were presented (Figure). Results: When comparing normal to unstable condition, we observed significant widening of the syndesmotic posterior aspect (average, 13.9%; p=0.004). Overall, all four malreduced positions lead to significantly decreased tibiofibular distances when compared to the unstable state, consistent with syndesmotic over-compression (average, 19.8%; p=0.01), particularly in the posterior aspect of the joint (average, 26.9%; p=0.04). This over-compression was also more pronounced in the anterior displacement (31.5%) and internal rotation malreductions (23.1%). In the released flexible position we found a non-significant trend towards widening of the tibiofibular distances (average, 12%; p=0.08) when compared to the malreduced conditions, indicating partial restoration the syndesmotic relationship. The syndesmotic distances in the released position were also not significantly different from the normal condition. When compared to normal, the lateral gutter demonstrated significant widening in the unstable condition (average 16.7%; p=0.02), narrowing in the malreduced state (average 6.6%; p=0.04), and widening in the released position (average 3.7%; p=0.002). Conclusion: In this study we used 3D WBCT distance mapping to assess syndesmotic position in a cadaveric model simulating syndesmotic instability and multiple syndesmotic malreduction conditions (anterior and posterior displacement, internal rotation and over-compression). We observed significant widening when the syndesmotic ligaments were sectioned, followed by significant tibiofibular narrowing in the malreduced and fixed rigid states. When the implant fixation was released, we observed a trend towards restoration of normal syndesmotic alignment, with relative widening that was however not significantly different from the malreduced rigidly fixed state. Increased sample size cadaveric assessment and clinical studies are necessary to validate our results.
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Lu, Liang, Adrian Carrio, Carlos Sampedro, and Pascual Campoy. "A Robust and Fast Collision-Avoidance Approach for Micro Aerial Vehicles Using a Depth Sensor." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091796.
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Collision-avoidance is a crucial research topic in robotics. Designing a collision-avoidance algorithm is still a challenging and open task, because of the requirements for navigating in unstructured and dynamic environments using limited payload and computing resources on board micro aerial vehicles. This article presents a novel depth-based collision-avoidance method for aerial robots, enabling high-speed flights in dynamic environments. First of all, a depth-based Euclidean distance field mapping algorithm is generated. Then, the proposed Euclidean distance field mapping strategy is integrated with a rapid-exploration random tree to construct a collision-avoidance system. The experimental results show that the proposed collision-avoidance algorithm has a robust performance at high flight speeds in challenging dynamic environments. The experimental results show that the proposed collision-avoidance algorithm can perform faster collision-avoidance maneuvers when compared to the state-of-art algorithms (the average computing time of the collision maneuver is 25.4 ms, while the minimum computing time is 10.4 ms). The average computing time is six times faster than one baseline algorithm. Additionally, fully autonomous flight experiments are also conducted for validating the presented collision-avoidance approach.
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Pyl, Courtney Vander, Oriana Ovide, Mandy Ho, Bayram Yuksel, and Tatiana Trejos. "Spectrochemical mapping using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy as a more objective approach to shooting distance determination." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 152 (February 2019): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2018.12.010.
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Zhang, Wei, and Wei Jia Zhou. "An Improved Locally Linear Embedding Method for Feature Extraction." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.487.
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In this work, a feature extraction approach based on improved Locally Linear Embedding(LLE) is proposed. In the algorithm, tangent space distance is introduced to LLE, which overcomes the shortcoming of original LLE method based on Euclidean distance. It can satisfy the requirement of locally linear much better and so can express the I/O mapping quality better than classical method. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the improved LLE method.
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Zhou, Lin, Weicheng Huang, Shengliang Peng, Yan Chen, and Yucheng He. "An Improved Design of Gallager Mapping for LDPC-coded BICM-ID System." Electronics ETF 20, no. 1 (July 15, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/els1620016z.
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Gallager mapping uses different signal points with different probabilities by assigning several labels for one signal point, and thus provides a promising approach to achieving shaping gains. An important issue in Gallager mapping is how to assign labels for signal points. In this paper, two optimized design rules for Gallager mapping of bit-interleaved coded modulation scheme with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) are proposed, where the Hamming distance among the labels for one signal point should be minimized. The extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) technique is utilized to design and analyze the proposed mapping patterns. Compared with conventional Gallager mapping, our proposed method provides extra shaping gain for the LDPC-coded BICM-ID system. And our proposed method supplies better performance than conventional uniform mapping with the same spectrum efficiency.
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Wang, Mo, Jing Wang, and Li Chen. "Mapping Paddy Rice Using Weakly Supervised Long Short-Term Memory Network with Time Series Sentinel Optical and SAR Images." Agriculture 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100483.
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Rice is one of the most important staple food sources worldwide. Effective and cheap monitoring of rice planting areas is demanded by many developing countries. This study proposed a weakly supervised paddy rice mapping approach based on long short-term memory (LSTM) network and dynamic time warping (DTW) distance. First, standard temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter profiles for each land cover type were constructed on the basis of a small number of field samples. Weak samples were then labeled on the basis of their DTW distances to the standard temporal profiles. A time series feature set was then created that combined multi-spectral Sentinel-2 bands and Sentinel-1 SAR vertical received (VV) band. With different combinations of training and testing datasets, we trained a specifically designed LSTM classifier and validated the performance of weakly supervised learning. Experiments showed that weakly supervised learning outperformed supervised learning in paddy rice identification when field samples were insufficient. With only 10% of field samples, weakly supervised learning achieved better results in producer’s accuracy (0.981 to 0.904) and user’s accuracy (0.961 to 0.917) for paddy rice. Training with 50% of field samples also presented improvement with weakly supervised learning, although not as prominent. Finally, a paddy rice map was generated with the weakly supervised approach trained on field samples and DTW-labeled samples. The proposed data labeling approach based on DTW distance can reduce field sampling cost since it requires fewer field samples. Meanwhile, validation results indicated that the proposed LSTM classifier is suitable for paddy rice mapping where variance exists in planting and harvesting schedules.
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Rajaniverma, Datla, Dasari J. Rao, Shaikh R. Begum, Vishnubolta Seetaramaiah, Yajjala Ramakrishna, Poonam Tondon, and Karthick Thangavel. "Molecular Interactions within the Crystal Packing of Busulfan (DNA Cross-Linking Agent) by Hirshfeld Surface Analysis." Current Physical Chemistry 10, no. 3 (November 4, 2020): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877946809666191115120147.
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Background: Non-Covalent Interactions (NCIs) play a vital role in the chemical process. Certain Experimental and theoretical approaches provide information about the stronger and weaker interactions. In the present work, we have implemented Hirshfeld charges based surface mapping to find the weaker interactions between the molecules of busulfan. Objective: The main objective of this work is to recognize the non-covalent interactions which are not simply drawn from the experimental and conventional theoretical approach. It aims to provide more insightful information into the crystallographic structure. Methods: In the present work, we have implemented a Hirshfeld surface mapping which incorporates periodic boundary conditions of the crystalline geometry. Each point of the isosurface is defined by two distances i.e. de, the distance from the point to the nearest atom outside to the surface and di, the distance to the nearest atom inside the surface. Also, for precise identification of intermolecular interactions, mapping by normalized contact distance dnorm is also considered. Fingerprint plot di vs de for various types of interactions were also provided. Results: The Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plot show the very weak H···H interactions in addition to the O···H interactions. This enables the visualization of very weak interactions. Conclusion: This proposed work on Hirschfeld surface analysis accounts for the solidstate environment of the busulfan, crystallographic parameters and packing information. Hence, the interactions obtained for monomer and extended molecular framework in this work are more reliable to study the intermolecular interactions. The 2D finger print plots revealed the predominant O⋅⋅⋅H interactions within the crystal packing. In addition to O⋅⋅⋅H interactions, H⋅⋅⋅H interaction were also identified.
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Liu, Guimin, and Alex Becker. "Two‐dimensional mapping of sea‐ice keels with airborne electromagnetics." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 2 (February 1990): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442832.
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Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) equipment can be used to sense sea ice thickness by interpreting the AEM data to obtain the distance from the towed bird that holds the EM system to the ice/seawater interface. The ice thickness itself is obtained by subtracting from that quantity the distance from the bird to the upper ice surface, as determined by a laser altimeter. To interpret AEM data acquired over sea‐ice keels, we first solve the forward problem using an integral equation approach to the Neumann boundary‐value problem. In this approach, we assume that sea ice is an insulator and that seawater is a perfect conductor. When the ice keel is two‐dimensional, the pertinent equations can be transformed into the wavenumber domain along the strike direction, resulting in the rapid numerical computation of the AEM response. By compiling numerical‐model results, we constructed an interpretation chart that relates the parameters of the observed AEM response anomaly to the geometric variables of the ice keel. The strike length of the ice keel should be about three times the bird height above the Ice‐water interface, so that the assumption of two‐dimensionality holds. The use of the chart has been verified by interpreting field AEM data.
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Wibowo, Yunus Aris, Lintang Ronggowulan, Zaenal Abidin, Arief Cahyo Utomo, Eka Wulan Safriani, and Yunita Miftakhunisa. "EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH PADA MATA KULIAH SURVEI DAN PEMETAAN SUMBERDAYA WILAYAH DI MASA PANDEMI CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019." Manajemen Pendidikan 15, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jmp.v15i2.12618.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the education sector. The learning process must be carried out remotely (Distance Learning), so it requires adjustments both by educators and students to run an effective learning. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of Distance Learning using LMS Schoology, Youtube, and Google Meets in the Survey and Mapping of Regional Resources Course. This study used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design in which students were given a pretest and posttest. The pretest and posttest scores were analyzed using Normalized-Gain (N-Gain) to determine the effectiveness of Distance Learning using LMS Schoology, Youtube and Google Meets. The results of the analysis will be categorized as effective if there is an increase score at posttest compared to pretest. The results of this study indicated that Distance Learning using LMS Schoology, Youtube, and Google Meets was effective for the Survey and Mapping of Regional Resources Course with an average gain by 0.19 and an increase of posttest score by 3.56. This Research is expected to provide a perspective on learning strategies during a pandemic.Keywords: COVID-19, Distance Learning, Education, Geography, Learning Strategy
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Li, Yan-Rong, Jian-Min Wang, Yu-Yang Songsheng, Zhi-Xiang Zhang, Pu Du, Chen Hu, and Ming Xiao. "Spectroastrometry and Reverberation Mapping: The Mass and Geometric Distance of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Quasar 3C 273." Astrophysical Journal 927, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4bcb.
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Abstract The quasar 3C 273 has been observed with infrared spectroastrometry (SA) of the broad Paα line and optical reverberation mapping (RM) of the broad Hβ line. SA delivers information about the angular size and structure of the Paα broad-line region (BLR), while RM delivers information about the physical size and structure of the Hβ BLR. Based on the fact that the two BLRs share the mass of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) and viewing inclination, a combination of SA and velocity-resolved RM (SARM) thereby allows us to simultaneously determine the SMBH mass and geometric distance through dynamically modeling the two BLRs. We construct a suite of dynamical models with different geometric configurations and apply a Bayesian approach to obtain the parameter inferences. Overall the obtained masses and distances are insensitive to specific BLR configurations but more or less depend on parameterizations of the vertical distributions. The most probable model, chosen in light of the Bayes factor, yields an angular-size distance log ( D A / Mpc ) = 2.83 − 0.28 + 0.32 and an SMBH mass log ( M • / M ⊙ ) = 9.06 − 0.27 + 0.21 , which agree with the relationships between SMBH masses and bulge properties. The BLRs have an inclination of 5 − 1 + 1 degrees, consistent with that of the large-scale jet in 3C 273. Our approach reinforces the capability of SARM analysis to measure SMBH masses and distances of active galactic nuclei and quasars even though SA and RM observations are undertaken with different emission lines and/or in different periods.
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Wang, Limei, Guowang Jin, Xin Xiong, Hongmin Zhang, and Ke Wu. "Object-Based Automatic Mapping of Winter Wheat Based on Temporal Phenology Patterns Derived from Multitemporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Imagery." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11080424.
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Although winter wheat has been mapped by remote sensing in several studies, such mapping efforts did not sufficiently utilize contextual information to reduce the noise and still depended heavily on optical imagery and exhausting classification approaches. Furthermore, the influence of similarity measures on winter wheat identification remains unclear. To overcome these limitations, this study developed an object-based automatic approach to map winter wheat using multitemporal Sentinel-1 (S1) and Sentinel-2 (S2) imagery. First, after S1 and S2 images were preprocessed, the Simple Non-Iterative Clustering (SNIC) algorithm was used to conduct image segmentation to obtain homogeneous spatial objects with a fusion of S1 and S2 bands. Second, the temporal phenology patterns (TPP) of winter wheat and other typical land covers were derived from object-level S1 and S2 imagery based on the collected ground truth samples, and two improved distance measures (i.e., a composite of Euclidean distance and Spectral Angle Distance, (ESD) and the difference–similarity factor distance (DSF)) were built to evaluate the similarity between two TPPs. Third, winter wheat objects were automatically identified from the segmented spatial objects by the maximum between-class variance method (OTSU) with distance measures based on the unique TPP of winter wheat. According to ground truth data, the DSF measure was superior to other distance measures in winter wheat mapping, since it achieved the best overall accuracy (OA), best kappa coefficient (Kappa) and more spatial details for each feasible band (i.e., NDVI, VV, and VH/VV), or it obtained results comparable to those for the best one (e.g., NDVI + VV). The resultant winter wheat maps derived from the NDVI band with the DSF measure achieved the best accuracy and more details, and had an average OA and Kappa of 92% and 84%, respectively. The VV polarization with the DSF measure produced the second best winter wheat maps with an average OA and Kappa of 91% and 80%, respectively. The results indicate the great potential of the proposed object-based approach for automatic winter wheat mapping for both optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery.
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Swetha, Velamuri Anila. "How Physical Mapping helps Speed Breeding? – A Review." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 10, 2022): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1105.031.
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Physical Map generally provides the actual details of the distance present between the genetic markers and the nucleotides present in between them and also it acts as the representation of the entire genome as the set of overlapping fragments of cloned DNA which makeup the genome. In this, the genes or the molecular markers are depicted within the equal order as they arise with inside the chromosomes, however the distances among adjoining genes/markers are depicted in the terms of base pairs. Speed Breeding is a new and interesting technique to breeding at the beginning stimulated by using the United States national Aeronautics and space administration (NASA) that promises to expand new crop varieties quicker, imparting wish for meals security in the continent. It is a device or approach for rapid technology advance that notably reduces the harvest time of plants so one can accelerate agricultural research and increase the production of meals to meet the call for of the growing population. Physical mapping helps in the identification of a particular gene or the marker or the primer in a particular gene sequence or in the chromosome whereas speed breeding helps in the acceleration of the breeding cycles of the crop.
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Ng, Angela L. H., and Geraint F. Lewis. "A geometric probe of cosmology – I. Gravitational lensing time delays and quasar reverberation mapping." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 1102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3475.
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ABSTRACT We present a novel, purely geometric probe of cosmology based on measurements of differential time delays between images of strongly lensed quasars due to finite source effects. Our approach is solely dependent on cosmology via a ratio of angular diameter distances, the image separation, and the source size. It thereby entirely avoids the challenges of lens modelling that conventionally limit time delay cosmography, and instead entails the lensed reverberation mapping of the quasar broad-line region. We demonstrate that differential time delays are measurable with short-cadence spectroscopic monitoring of lensed quasars, through the timing of kinematically identified features within the broad emission lines. This provides a geometric determination of an angular diameter distance ratio complementary to standard probes, and as a result is a potentially powerful new method of constraining cosmology.
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Solikin, Nur. "The Approach of Islamic Studies In Mapping Richard C. Martin." An-Nisa': Jurnal Kajian Perempuan dan Keislaman 14, no. 2 (November 11, 2021): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/annisa.v14i2.63.
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Kajian ini berfokus pada pemetaan pendekatan studi Islam dalam salah satu karya Richard C. Martin yang disunting berjudul Approaches to Islam in Religious Studies. Penelitian ini mengambil bentuk deskriptif-analitis yang dimulai dengan mengungkap latar belakang penulisan hingga evolusi sejarah studi agama. Melalui penelitian ini, beberapa kesimpulan yang dapat dikemukakan terkait dengan kecemasan akademik Martin, yang diakuinya dilatarbelakangi oleh kelemahan antara pendekatan teologis yang mempertahankan pemahaman normatif agama, dan sudut pandang sejarah agama yang menekankan pada deskripsi analitis dan membutuhkan jarak bagi para penelitinya. Sementara terkait dengan evolusi studi sejarah agama, ia menilai perkembangan studi independen setelah studi sejarah, antropologi, sosiologi, teologi dan studi timur, dan oleh karena itu, perkembangan studi tersebut cukup berpengaruh dalam cara sejarawan agama bekerja. Pengembangan lebih lanjut dianggap perlu untuk memisahkan studi agama dari disiplin lain. This study focuses on the mapping of the Islamic studies approach in one of Richard C. Martin's edited works entitled Approaches to Islam in Religious Studies. This study takes a descriptive-analytical form which begins by revealing the background of writing to the historical evolution of religious studies. Through this study, several conclusions that can be presented are related to Martin's academic anxiety, which he admits is motivated by a weakness between the theological approach which maintains a normative understanding of religions, and the history of religion point of view which emphasizes analytical descriptions and requires distance for the researchers.While related to the evolution of the study of the history of religion, he assessed the development of independent studies after historical studies, anthropology, sociology, theology and the study of the east, and therefore, developments in these studies were quite influential in the way historians of religions worked. further developments are deemed necessary to separate religious studies from other disciplines.
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Ranganathan, Muthukumarasamy, Bagyaraj M., Mukesh M., Zubairul Islam, Daniel Tekley Gebremedhin, and Grmay Kassa Brhane. "Groundwater Potentiality Mapping in Viruthachalam Taluk, Tamil Nadu, India: AHP and GIS Approaches." Hydrospatial Analysis 5, no. 1 (June 20, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj3.2021050103.
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Groundwater is the most valuable treasury commodity in the world, yet it is depleted on a daily basis. Hand arrangement is crucial in assembly for delineating a potential groundwater zones. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) data with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach have proven critical for micro level analysis of groundwater potentials. This exploration was authorized in order to locate a prospective groundwater area in the Virutachalam Taluk of Southern India. The Inverse Distance Weightage (IDW) technique was used to determine the groundwater potential precinct by thematic layers of drainage, drainage density, geology, lineament, lineament density, geomorphology, soil, and slopes. Overall, the prospective groundwater zone in the study area was classified as excellent (20.66 %), good (60.29 %), moderate (16.38 %) and poor (2.73 %). This optional analysis offers an excellent possible groundwater zone for patches in the northern and central sections of Kotteri and Kammapuram in Virudhachalam Taluk. The survey revealed that the approach of inverse distance weighting provides an operating mechanism for suggesting groundwater potential zones for clear expansion and groundwater control in not the same hydro-geological settings.
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Bilková, Kristína, František Križan, Marcel Horňák, Peter Barlík, and Pavol Kita. "Comparing two distance measures in the spatial mapping of food deserts: The case of Petržalka, Slovakia." Moravian Geographical Reports 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2017-0009.
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AbstractOver the last twenty years or so, researchers’ attention to the issue of food deserts has increased in the geographical literature. Accessibility to large-scale retail units is one of the essential and frequently-used indicators leading to the identification and mapping of food deserts. Numerous accessibility measures of various types are available for this purpose. Euclidean distance and street network distance rank among the most frequently-used approaches, although they may lead to slightly different results. The aim of this paper is to compare various approaches to the accessibility to food stores and to assess the differences in the results gained by these methods. Accessibility was measured for residential block centroids, with applications of various accessibility measures in a GIS environment. The results suggest a strong correspondence between Euclidean distance and a little more accurate street network distance approach, applied in the case of the urban environment of Bratislava-Petržalka, Slovakia.
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Barbolini, M., and F. Savi. "Estimate of uncertainties in avalanche hazard mapping." Annals of Glaciology 32 (2001): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756401781819373.
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AbstractThe present work addresses the urgent demand for methods of quantifying the uncertainties inherent in the current procedures for avalanche hazard assessment. A Monte Carlo approach to hazard mapping is proposed for this purpose. This statistical sampling-analysis method allows us to evaluate the probability distributions of the relevant variables for avalanche hazard assessment –– essentially runout distance and impact pressure-once the release variables and the model parameters are expressed in terms of suitable probability distributions. In this way it is possible to explicitly account for uncertainties both in the input-data definition of the dynamic models and in the mapping results. The overall methodology is presented in detail and applied to a real-world avalanche mapping problem. The one-dimensional version of the VARA models is used for avalanche dynamics simulations.
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Beverly, Jennifer L., Kinga Uto, Justin Wilkes, and Peter Bothwell. "Assessing spatial attributes of forest landscape values: an internet-based participatory mapping approach." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 2 (February 2008): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-149.
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We designed and developed an internet mapping application to collect data on the locations of forest landscape values across a 2.4 million hectare study area in the province of Alberta, Canada. Four communities in the study area were surveyed and 8053 point locations were mapped for 10 different value types. Importance weights of landscape values were determined through a ranking exercise. Nearest-neighbour and second-order spatial point pattern analysis (K functions) suggested that all value types were significantly clustered across the study area. Recreational, wilderness, existence, and biological diversity values exhibited maximum clustering at larger spatial scales in comparison with educational, economic, historic or cultural, and spiritual values. Maximum clustering was positively related to mean road density and negatively related to mean distance to water, which suggests that landscape features influence the spatial pattern of values by acting as focal points or attractors for values. An applied use of the data for values hotspot detection and community protection zoning in forest fire management planning is presented.
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Tu, Chen-Hsuan, and Tzai-Hung Wen. "Mapping Anisotropic Landscape for Understanding Underlying Spatial Structure of Air Pollution." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-373-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Urban air pollution problem has become a huge threat to human health in the most developing and developed countries. Therefore, monitoring air quality with high spatial and temporal resolutions is an important issue. There are two different approaches to mapping street-level distributions of air quality in time and space. One is mathematical approach, which uses numerical methods to calculate the concentration of air pollutants in each space-time grid through considering chemical transport, wind field, terrain morphology and other parameters which affect the direction and intensity of dispersion. This approach is limited by intensively computational process, so most of studies used either rough spatial grid resolution for representing large-scale regions or detailed grid resolution for small-scale areas. Numerical models with rough grid resolution could not capture detailed physical interactions in the micro-environment. The other approach is statistical approach, which used spatial interpolation techniques, such as inverse distance weighting (IDW) and Kriging methods, or established regression models, such as land-use regression (LUR), for deriving concentrations of air pollution from remote sensing or ground-level station sensor data. This approach is assumed linear associations with environmental factors and isotropic distance-decayed phenomena, which also ignores complex physical interactions.</p><p>Spatial distribution of air pollution could be affected by directional background factors, such as wind fields, surface relief and so on. The spatial effects of these physical factors are not isotropic. However, recent studies used statistical modelling approaches are based on isotropic assumptions and did not consider directional variations of these factors on air quality. The purpose of the study is to develop an innovative statistical approach to measure directional effects on air quality with spatial heterogeneity. We produces anisotropic landscapes of directional fields for identifying major directions for each space-time grid through EPA’s monitoring station data to visualize space-time trend of air quality changing with directions. This study provides significant insight for understanding spatial structures behind air pollution distributions influenced by directional physical factors.</p>
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Vizzo, Ignacio, Tiziano Guadagnino, Jens Behley, and Cyrill Stachniss. "VDBFusion: Flexible and Efficient TSDF Integration of Range Sensor Data." Sensors 22, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031296.
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Mapping is a crucial task in robotics and a fundamental building block of most mobile systems deployed in the real world. Robots use different environment representations depending on their task and sensor setup. This paper showcases a practical approach to volumetric surface reconstruction based on truncated signed distance functions, also called TSDFs. We revisit the basics of this mapping technique and offer an approach for building effective and efficient real-world mapping systems. In contrast to most state-of-the-art SLAM and mapping approaches, we are making no assumptions on the size of the environment nor the employed range sensor. Unlike most other approaches, we introduce an effective system that works in multiple domains using different sensors. To achieve this, we build upon the Academy-Award-winning OpenVDB library used in filmmaking to realize an effective 3D map representation. Based on this, our proposed system is flexible and highly effective and, in the end, capable of integrating point clouds from a 64-beam LiDAR sensor at 20 frames per second using a single-core CPU. Along with this publication comes an easy-to-use C++ and Python library to quickly and efficiently solve volumetric mapping problems with TSDFs.
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Abass, Hammed A., Olawale K. Oyewole, Akindele A. Mebawondu, Kazeem O. Aremu, and Ojen K. Narain. "On split feasibility problem for finite families of equilibrium and fixed point problems in Banach spaces." Demonstratio Mathematica 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 658–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dema-2022-0158.
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Abstract In this article, motivated by the works of Ali Akbar and Elahe Shahrosvand [Split equality common null point problem for Bregman quasi-nonexpansive mappings, Filomat 32 (2018), no. 11, 3917–3932], Eskandani et al. [A hybrid extragradient method for solving pseudomonotone equilibrium problem using Bregman distance, J. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 20 (2018), 132], B. Ali and M. H. Harbau [Convergence theorems for Bregman K-mappings and mixed equilibrium problems in reflexive Banach spaces, J. Funct. Spaces (2016) Article ID 5161682, 18 pages], and some other related results in the literature, we introduce a hybrid extragradient iterative algorithm that employs a Bregman distance approach for approximating a split feasibility problem for a finite family of equilibrium problems involving pseudomonotone bifunctions and fixed point problems for a finite family of Bregman quasi-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings using the concept of Bregman K-mapping in reflexive Banach spaces. Using our iterative algorithm, we state and prove a strong convergence result for approximating a common solution to the aforementioned problems. Furthermore, we give an application of our main result to variational inequalities and also report a numerical example to illustrate the convergence of our method. The result presented in this article extends and complements many related results in the literature.
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Trnka, Marián, Sakhia Darjaa, Marian Ritomský, Róbert Sabo, Milan Rusko, Meilin Schaper, and Tim H. Stelkens-Kobsch. "Mapping Discrete Emotions in the Dimensional Space: An Acoustic Approach." Electronics 10, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 2950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10232950.
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A frequently used procedure to examine the relationship between categorical and dimensional descriptions of emotions is to ask subjects to place verbal expressions representing emotions in a continuous multidimensional emotional space. This work chooses a different approach. It aims at creating a system predicting the values of Activation and Valence (AV) directly from the sound of emotional speech utterances without the use of its semantic content or any other additional information. The system uses X-vectors to represent sound characteristics of the utterance and Support Vector Regressor for the estimation the AV values. The system is trained on a pool of three publicly available databases with dimensional annotation of emotions. The quality of regression is evaluated on the test sets of the same databases. Mapping of categorical emotions to the dimensional space is tested on another pool of eight categorically annotated databases. The aim of the work was to test whether in each unseen database the predicted values of Valence and Activation will place emotion-tagged utterances in the AV space in accordance with expectations based on Russell’s circumplex model of affective space. Due to the great variability of speech data, clusters of emotions create overlapping clouds. Their average location can be represented by centroids. A hypothesis on the position of these centroids is formulated and evaluated. The system’s ability to separate the emotions is evaluated by measuring the distance of the centroids. It can be concluded that the system works as expected and the positions of the clusters follow the hypothesized rules. Although the variance in individual measurements is still very high and the overlap of emotion clusters is large, it can be stated that the AV coordinates predicted by the system lead to an observable separation of the emotions in accordance with the hypothesis. Knowledge from training databases can therefore be used to predict AV coordinates of unseen data of various origins. This could be used to detect high levels of stress or depression. With the appearance of more dimensionally annotated training data, the systems predicting emotional dimensions from speech sound will become more robust and usable in practical applications in call-centers, avatars, robots, information-providing systems, security applications, and the like.