Academic literature on the topic 'Distance mapping approach'
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Journal articles on the topic "Distance mapping approach"
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Ouahada, Khmaies, and Hendrik C. Ferreira. "New Distance Concept and Graph Theory Approach for Certain Coding Techniques Design and Analysis." Communications in Applied and Industrial Mathematics 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caim-2019-0012.
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Abstract A New graph distance concept introduced for certain coding techniques helped in their design and analysis as in the case of distance-preserving mappings and spectral shaping codes. A graph theoretic construction, mapping binary sequences to permutation sequences and inspired from the k-cube graph has reached the upper bound on the sum of the distances for certain values of the length of the permutation sequence. The new introduced distance concept in the k-cube graph helped better understanding and analyzing for the first time the concept of distance-reducing mappings. A combination of distance and the index-permutation graph concepts helped uncover and verify certain properties of spectral null codes, which were previously difficult to analyze.
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Dibbern, Kevin, Grayson Talaski, Eli Schmidt, Ryan Jasper, Vineel Mallavarapu, Matthew Jones, Hannah Stebral, et al. "Ankle syndesmotic instability assessment using a three-dimensional distance mapping algorithm: a cadaveric pilot WBCT study." Journal of the Foot & Ankle 16, no. 3 (December 20, 2022): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30795/jfootankle.2022.v16.1673.
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Objective: This cadaveric pilot study was to develop a weight bearing computed tomography (WBCT) three-dimensional (3D) distance mapping algorithm that would allow for detection of syndesmotic instability. Methods: Pilot study, two cadaveric specimens. Syndesmotic instability was induced by release of all syndesmotic ligaments through a conventional lateral ankle approach. WBCT imaging under simulated weight bearing was acquired before and after syndesmotic destabilization. Syndesmotic incisura and ankle gutter distances were assessed using a 3D distance mapping WBCT algorithm. Results: We found increases in the overall mean syndesmotic distances in the injured syndesmosis when compared to pre-injury state, and color coded distance maps allowed easy interpretation of the syndesmotic widening following ligament sectioning and destabilization of the syndesmotic joint. Conclusion: The WBCT 3D distance mapping algorithm has the potential to allow detection of mild syndesmotic instability with a relatively ease of interpretation by using color-coded distance maps. Level of Evidence V; Cadaveric Study.
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Linschoten, Marcel R., Teake Bultsma, Ad P. Ijzerman, and Hendrik Timmerman. "Mapping the turkey erythrocyte .beta.-receptor: a distance geometry approach." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 29, no. 2 (February 1986): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00152a017.
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Long, Zhili, Ronghua He, Yuxiang He, Haoyao Chen, and Zuohua Li. "Feature Extraction and Mapping Construction for Mobile Robot via Ultrasonic MDP and Fuzzy Model." Sensors 18, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 3673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113673.
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This paper presents a modeling approach to feature classification and environment mapping for indoor mobile robotics via a rotary ultrasonic array and fuzzy modeling. To compensate for the distance error detected by the ultrasonic sensor, a novel feature extraction approach termed “minimum distance of point” (MDP) is proposed to determine the accurate distance and location of target objects. A fuzzy model is established to recognize and classify the features of objects such as flat surfaces, corner, and cylinder. An environmental map is constructed for automated robot navigation based on this fuzzy classification, combined with a cluster algorithm and least-squares fitting. Firstly, the platform of the rotary ultrasonic array is established by using four low-cost ultrasonic sensors and a motor. Fundamental measurements, such as the distance of objects at different rotary angles and with different object materials, are carried out. Secondly, the MDP feature extraction algorithm is proposed to extract precise object locations. Compared with the conventional range of constant distance (RCD) method, the MDP method can compensate for errors in feature location and feature matching. With the data clustering algorithm, a range of ultrasonic distances is attained and used as the input dataset. The fuzzy classification model—including rules regarding data fuzzification, reasoning, and defuzzification—is established to effectively recognize and classify the object feature types. Finally, accurate environment mapping of a service robot, based on MDP and fuzzy modeling of the measurements from the ultrasonic array, is demonstrated. Experimentally, our present approach can realize environment mapping for mobile robotics with the advantages of acceptable accuracy and low cost.
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Park, Seula, Gunhak Lee, and Jung Ok Kim. "Flood Evacuation Mapping Using a Time–Distance cartogram." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4 (March 29, 2020): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040207.
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When flooding occurs, people should be evacuated safely to designated shelters along the optimal routes to minimize serious damages on lives and properties. However, in general, only limited information related to evacuation procedures and using a directional arrow to indicate existing shelters is provided on the evacuation map. Moreover, the evacuation routes leading to nearby shelters are not presented effectively to people in an emergency situation. This paper aimed to provide an approach to generate a flood evacuation cartogram based on an actual evacuation. The proposed time–distance cartogram preserves the topological characteristics by minimizing distortion in transforming the evacuation routes. To empirically evaluate its application, we applied the proposed method to Siheung city in Korea. As a result, optimal shelter and evacuation routes were derived by considering significant factors influencing the actual access to the facilities. Moreover, the flood evacuation cartogram provides a more intuitive visualization than classic topographic maps, by relocating shelters and reshaping the routes intended for evacuation. The suggested method is significant as it provides practical flood evacuation information effectively and intuitively, and the generated cartograms as empirical results also provide helpful insights for more efficient evacuation plans.
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Sudaryatno, Sudaryatno, Prima Widayani, Totok Wahyu Wibowo, Bagus Wiratmoko, and Wahyu Nurbandi. "Evidence Based Landslide Hazard Mapping in Purworejo using Information Value Model Approach." Forum Geografi 33, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v33i1.7592.
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Purworejo District, which is located in Central Java, Indonesia, is prone to landslides. These are a natural hazard that often occur in mountainous areas, so landslide hazard analysis is needed to develop mitigation strategies. This paper elaborates on the use of an evidence-based statistical approach using the Information Value Model (IVM) to conduct landslide hazard mapping. The parameters of slope, aspect, elevation, rainfall, NDVI, distance from rivers, distance from the road network, and distance from faults were employed for the analysis, which was conducted based on a raster data environment, since the pixel is the most appropriate means to represent continuous data. Landslide evidence data were collected by combining secondary data and interpreting satellite imagery to identify old landslides. The IVM was successfully calculated by combining factors related to disposition to landslides and data on 19 landslide occurrences. The results helped produce a landslide susceptibility map for the northern and eastern parts of Purworejo District.
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Cabrera-Barona, Pablo F., Manuel Bayón, Gustavo Durán, Alejandra Bonilla, and Verónica Mejía. "Generating and Mapping Amazonian Urban Regions Using a Geospatial Approach." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9070453.
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(1) background: Urban representations of the Amazon are urgently needed in order to better understand the complexity of urban processes in this area of the World. So far, limited work that represents Amazonian urban regions has been carried out. (2) methods: Our study area is the Ecuadorian Amazon. We performed a K-means algorithm using six urban indicators: Urban fractal dimension, number of paved streets, urban radiant intensity (luminosity), and distances to the closest new deforested areas, to oil pollution sources, and to mining pollution sources. We also carried out fieldwork to qualitatively validate our geospatial and statistical analyses. (3) results: We generated six Amazonian urban regions representing different urban configurations and processes of major cities, small cities, and emerging urban zones. The Amazonian urban regions generated represent the urban systems of the Ecuadorian Amazon at a general scale, and correspond to the urban realities at a local scale. (4) conclusions: An Amazonian urban region is understood as a set of urban zones that are dispersed and share common urban characteristics such a similar distance to oil pollution sources or similar urban radiant intensity. Our regionalization model represents the complexity of the Amazonian urban systems, and the applied methodology could be transferred to other Amazonian countries.
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Rosario, Geraldine E., Elke A. Rundensteiner, David C. Brown, Matthew O. Ward, and Shiping Huang. "Mapping Nominal Values to Numbers for Effective Visualization." Information Visualization 3, no. 2 (June 2004): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500072.
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Data sets with a large numbers of nominal variables, including some with large number of distinct values, are becoming increasingly common and need to be explored. Unfortunately, most existing visual exploration tools are designed to handle numeric variables only. When importing data sets with nominal values into such visualization tools, most solutions to date are rather simplistic. Often, techniques that map nominal values to numbers do not assign order or spacing among the values in a manner that conveys semantic relationships. Moreover, displays designed for nominal variables usually cannot handle high cardinality variables well. This paper addresses the problem of how to display nominal variables in general-purpose visual exploration tools designed for numeric variables. Specifically, we investigate (1) how to assign order and spacing among the nominal values, and (2) how to reduce the number of distinct values to display. We propose a new technique, called the Distance-Quantification-Classing (DQC) approach, to preprocess nominal variables before being imported into a visual exploration tool. In the Distance Step, we identify a set of independent dimensions that can be used to calculate the distance between nominal values. In the Quantification Step, we use the independent dimensions and the distance information to assign order and spacing among the nominal values. In the Classing Step, we use results from the previous steps to determine which values within the domain of a variable are similar to each other and thus can be grouped together. Each step in the DQC approach can be accomplished by a variety of techniques. We extended the XmdvTool package to incorporate this approach. We evaluated our approach on several data sets using a variety of measures.
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Mishra, P. C., and R. D. Tewari. "Fixed closest distance of approach dipole potential mapping: An effective alternative to the monopole isopotential approach." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32, no. 2 (August 1987): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560320204.
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Peterson, Nicholas R., and Boris Pittel. "Distance between two random k-out digraphs, with and without preferential attachment." Advances in Applied Probability 47, no. 3 (September 2015): 858–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1444308885.
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A random k-out mapping (digraph) on [n] is generated by choosing k random images of each vertex one at a time, subject to a 'preferential attachment' rule: the current vertex selects an image i with probability proportional to a given parameter α = α(n) plus the number of times i has already been selected. Intuitively, the larger α becomes, the closer the resulting k-out mapping is to the uniformly random k-out mapping. We prove that α = Θ(n1/2) is the threshold for α growing 'fast enough' to make the random digraph approach the uniformly random digraph in terms of the total variation distance. We also determine an exact limit for this distance for the α = βn1/2 case.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Distance mapping approach"
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Khattak, Saad Rustam. "A variational approach to mapping: an exploration of map representation for SLAM." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10155/273.
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Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms are used
by autonomous robots to build or update maps of an environment while
maintaining their position simultaneously. A fundamental open problem
in SLAM is the e ective representation of the map in unknown,
ambiguous, complex, dynamic environments. Representing such environments
in a suitable manner is a complex task. Existing approaches
to SLAM use map representations that store individual features (range
measurements, image patches, or higher level semantic features) and
their locations in the environment. The choice of how the map is represented
produces limitations which in many ways are unfavourable
for application in real-world scenarios. In this thesis, a new approach
to SLAM is explored that rede nes sensing and robot motion as acts
of deformation of a di erentiable surface. Distance elds and level set
methods are utilized to de ne a parallel to the components of the SLAM
estimation process and an algorithm is developed and demonstrated.
The variational framework developed is capable of representing complex
dynamic scenes and spatially varying uncertainty for sensor and
robot models.UOIT
Book chapters on the topic "Distance mapping approach"
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Fleming, Julie, Robyn Donovan, Colin Beer, and Damien Clark. "A Whole of University Approach to Embedding Graduate Attributes." In Global Challenges and Perspectives in Blended and Distance Learning, 246–57. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3978-2.ch020.
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This chapter reflects on the processes involved in managing a curriculum mapping exercise aimed at integrating graduate attributes across CQUniversity’s undergraduate programs. Most of these programs are offered via distance education. Due to the complexity of program offerings and the dispersed campus locations, a whole of university approach was needed to address quality and consistency of graduate outcomes. In order to achieve this, an audit of existing course graduate attributes was conducted using an online mapping tool. While the whole of university approach served to provide cohesion within the project, there were some challenges regarding the perceived top-down approach. This chapter serves to inform senior management of the complexities of managing resistance to change within an academic community. It is envisaged that this reflection will assist with future projects that require a whole of university approach.
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Trinka, Eric M. "A New Mobilities Approach to Naming and Mapping Deities: Presence, Absence, and Distance at Kuntillet ‘Ajrud." In Naming and Mapping the Gods in the Ancient Mediterranean, 387–406. De Gruyter, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110798432-021.
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Erener, Arzu, Gulcan Sarp, and Sebnem H. Duzgun. "Use of GIS and Remote Sensing for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 3503–14. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch304.
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In recent years, geographical information systems (GISs) and Remote Sensing (RS) have proven to be common tools adopted for different studies in different scientific disciplines. GIS defined as a set of tools for the input, storage, retrieval, manipulation, management, modeling, analysis and output of spatial data. RS, on the other hand, can play a role in the production of a data and in the generation of thematic maps related to spatial studies. This study focuses on use of GIS and RS data for landslide susceptibility mapping. Five factors including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), slope; lineament density and distance to roads were used for the grid based approach for landslide susceptibility mappings. Results of this study suggest that geographic information systems can effectively be used to obtain susceptibility maps by compiling and overlaying several data layers relevant to landslide hazards.
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Erener, Arzu, Gulcan Sarp, and Sebnem H. Duzgun. "Use of GIS and Remote Sensing for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 384–98. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7359-3.ch026.
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In recent years, geographical information systems (GISs) and remote sensing (RS) have proven to be common tools adopted for different studies in different scientific disciplines. GIS is defined as a set of tools for the input, storage, retrieval, manipulation, management, modeling, analysis, and output of spatial data. RS, on the other hand, can play a role in the production of a data and in the generation of thematic maps related to spatial studies. This study focuses on use of GIS and RS data for landslide susceptibility mapping. Five factors including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and topographic wetness index (TWI), slope, lineament density, and distance to roads were used for the grid-based approach for landslide susceptibility mappings. Results of this study suggest that geographic information systems can effectively be used to obtain susceptibility maps by compiling and overlaying several data layers relevant to landslide hazards.
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Einarsdóttir, Anna Björk. "Tales of Social Terror: Notes on Argentine Working-Class Literature." In Working-Class Literature(s) Volume II. Historical and International Perspectives, 15–47. Stockholm University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.16993/bbf.b.
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This essay takes up the problem of discussing working-class literature in a context marked by the absence of the term within Argentine literary studies. The discussion focuses on Argentine proletarian writer Elías Castelnuovo and his role in shaping how critics approach Argentine proletarian and working-class literature. The following discussion argues for the need to distance new approaches to Argentine working-class literature from the critical account molded throughout the 20th century. Without such distancing, it is difficult – if not impossible – to find proletarian and working-class literature worthy of discussion within Argentine letters. Although the essay looks closely at the case of Argentine national literature, the aim is to contribute to mapping working-class literature across the region and beyond.
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Ahmed, Basma, Osama A. Omer, Amal Rashed, Domenec Puig, and Mohamed Abdel-Nasser. "Referenceless Image Quality Assessment Utilizing Deep Transfer-Learned Features." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220345.
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Image quality assessment (IQA) algorithms are critical for determining the quality of high-resolution photographs. This work proposes a hybrid NR IQA approach that uses deep transfer learning to enhance classic NR IQA with deep learning characteristics. Firstly, we simulate a pseudo reference image (PRI) from the input image. Then, we used a pre-trained inception-v3 deep feature extractor to generate the feature maps from the input distorted image and PRI. The distance between the feature maps of the input distorted image and PRI are measured using the local structural similarity (LSS) method. A nonlinear mapping function is used to calculate the final quality scores. When compared to previous work, the proposed method has a promising performance.
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Stillwell, John, and Kirk Harland. "Analysing Interaction Data." In Technologies for Migration and Commuting Analysis, 69–88. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-755-8.ch004.
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Large and complex interaction data sets present researchers with analytical challenges and this chapter attempts to identify and illustrate a number of ways to analyse origin-destination flows. Given the impossible task of providing a comprehensive review in such a limited space, certain analytical measures, modelling methods and visualisation techniques have been selected for inclusion, following an introduction to the notation commonly employed to represent interaction variables. Various Census and NHS patient register data sets are used to exemplify interaction measures, beginning with simple net balances and inflow/outflow ratios and moving onto indices of connectivity, inequality and distance moved. The multiplicative component framework is introduced as a particularly useful analytical approach. More sophisticated methods of modelling interaction data using statistical or mathematical calibration techniques are reviewed, examples of log-linear regression and spatial interaction model structure are highlighted in the context of historical calibration and a brief discussion of the use models for future projection is included. Maps that show patterns of geographical movement function as effective illustrative and research tools. Computerized mapping of geographical movement has evolved since the 1970s and 1980s and, in this chapter, we introduce a new method of mapping flows using vectors and illustrate this approach with micro data on pupils travelling to school. The chapter aims to provide a broad introduction to analysis methods for interaction data, many of which are subsequently applied in later chapters of the book.
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Jimenez, Daniel, Michael Campbell, Philip Dennison, Matthew Thompson, and Bret Butler. "Assessing Potential Safety Zone Suitability using the Safe Separation Distance Evaluator (SSDE)." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 1585–90. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_241.
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Safety zones are fundamental tools that can be used by wildland firefighters to avoid injury or fatality when engaging in wildland fire operations. The National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) recommends that a safety zone be defined as a pre-planned area of sufficient size and suitable location that is expected to prevent injury to fire personnel from known hazards without using fire shelters. Currently, safety zones are primarily designated by fireline personnel as part of daily fire management operations. Though critical to safety zone assessment, the effectiveness of this approach is inherently limited by the individual’s ability to accurately and consistently interpret vegetation conditions, topography, burning conditions and spatial characteristics of potential safety zones (e.g. area and geometry of a forest clearing). Regardless, effective safety zones provide safe separation distance (SSD) from surrounding flames, ensuring that the surrounding heat cannot cause burn injury. We introduce a new online tool for mapping SSD based on vegetation height, terrain, wind speed, and burning conditions: the Safe Separation Distance Evaluator (SSDE). The new tool allows users to draw a potential safety zone polygon and estimate SSD and the extent to which that safety zone polygon may be suitable, given the local landscape, weather, and fire conditions. The SSDE tools calculates separation distance based on vegetation height, wind and slope adjustment factors and burning conditions. Fuels layers are imported for LANDFIRE Existing Vegetation Height. Slope is calculated from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (STRM) digital elevation model. Winds are derived from the local fire weather forecast. Burning conditions are based on fuel moisture, relative humidity, and temperature. The Safe Separation Distance Evaluator (SSDE) algorithm is built and applied in Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud-based platform for processing and analyzing GIS and remotely sensed data, using JavaScript application programming interface. SSDE is a tool that can provide valuable safety information to wildland fire personnel who are charged with the critical responsibility of protecting the public and landscapes from increasingly intense and frequent fires in a changing climate.
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"Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology." In Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology, edited by John D. Koehn, John H. Eiler, John A. McKenzie, and William G. O’Connor. American Fisheries Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874271.ch24.
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<i>Abstract</i>.—This study describes an improved method that decreases tracking time but increases accuracy and precision for the fine-scale location of radio tags by reducing the receiving antenna efficiency. Test tags (48–49 MHz) were hidden in a lowland river and independently located by boat tracking using both the antenna reduction method and standard triangulation techniques. The antenna reduction method was found to be faster and more accurate, locating transmitters to within 0.19 ± 0.13 m (mean ± SE) of their actual location (error range 0–1.50 m) compared to 19.53 ± 4.81 m (error range 0–70.00 m) using triangulation. This simple approach can be applied to a wide range of radio telemetry studies and avoids many of the major sources of location error associated with triangulation including minimising the distance between the transmitter and receiver and avoiding the potential need for mapping.
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Jiang, Bin, and H. Randy Gimblett. "An Agent-Based Approach to Environmental and Urban Systems within Geographic Information Systems." In Integrating Geographic Information Systems and Agent-Based Modeling Techniques for Understanding Social and Ecological Processes. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195143362.003.0014.
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Both environment and urban systems are complex systems that are intrinsically spatially and temporally organized. Geographic information systems (GIS) provide a platform to deal with such complex systems, both from modeling and visualization points of view. For a long time, cell-based GIS has been widely used for modeling urban and environment system from various perspectives such as digital terrain representation, overlay, distance mapping, etc. Recently temporal GIS (TGIS) has been challenged to model dynamic aspects of urban and environment system (e.g., Langran, Clifford and Tuzhilin, Egenhofer and Golledge), in pursuit of better understanding and perception of both spatial and temporal aspects of these systems. In regional and urban sciences, cellular automata (CA) provide useful methods and tools for studying how regional and urban systems evolve. Because of its conceptual resemblance to cell-based GIS, CA have been extensively used to integrate GIS as potentially useful qualitative forecasting models. This approach intends to look at urban and environment systems as self-organized processes; i.e., how coherent global patterns emerge from local interaction. Thus this approach differentiates it from TGIS in that there is no database support for space-time dynamics. An agent-based approach was initially developed from distributed artificial intelligence (DAI). The basic idea of agent-based approaches is that programs exhibit behaviors entirely described by their internal mechanisms. By linking an individual to a program, it is possible to simulate an artificial world inhabited by interacting processes. Thus it is possible to implement simulation by transposing the population of a real system to its artificial counterpart. Each member of population is represented as an agent who has built-in behaviors. Agent-based approaches provide a platform for modeling situations in which there are large numbers of individuals that can create complex behaviors. It is likely to be of particular interest for modeling space-time dynamics in environmental and urban systems, because it allows researchers to explore relationships between microlevel individual actions and the emergent macrolevel phenomena. An agent-based approach has great potential for modeling environmental and urban systems within GIS. Previous work has focused on modeling people environment interaction, virtual ecosystems, and integration of agent based approach and GIS.
Conference papers on the topic "Distance mapping approach"
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Mehdifar, Farhad, Farzad Hashemzadeh, and Mahdi Baradarannia. "On distance-based formation control: A nonlinear mapping approach and its applications." In 2017 IEEE 4th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kbei.2017.8324895.
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Bharade, Ashwini, Surabhi Gaopande, and A. G. Keskar. "Statistical approach for distance estimation using Inverse Perspective Mapping on embedded platform." In 2014 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon.2014.7030430.
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Wang, Peng-Shuai, Yang Liu, Yu-Qi Yang, and Xin Tong. "Spline Positional Encoding for Learning 3D Implicit Signed Distance Fields." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/151.
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Multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) have been successfully used to represent 3D shapes implicitly and compactly, by mapping 3D coordinates to the corresponding signed distance values or occupancy values. In this paper, we propose a novel positional encoding scheme, called Spline Positional Encoding, to map the input coordinates to a high dimensional space before passing them to MLPs, which help recover 3D signed distance fields with fine-scale geometric details from unorganized 3D point clouds. We verified the superiority of our approach over other positional encoding schemes on tasks of 3D shape reconstruction and 3D shape space learning from input point clouds. The efficacy of our approach extended to image reconstruction is also demonstrated and evaluated.
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Rojas, Nicola´s, and Federico Thomas. "A Coordinate-Free Approach to Tracing the Coupler Curves of Pin-Jointed Linkages." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48147.
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In general, high-order coupler curves of plane mechanisms cannot be properly traced by standard predictor-corrector algorithms due to drifting problems and the presence of singularities. Instead of focusing on finding better algorithms for tracing curves, a simple coordinate-free method that first traces these curves in a distance space and then maps them onto the mechanism workspace is proposed. Tracing a coupler curve in the proposed distance space is much simpler because (a) the equation of this curve in this space can be straightforwardly obtained from a sequence of bilaterations; and (b) the curve in this space naturally decomposes into branches in which the signs of the oriented areas of the triangles involved in the aforementioned bilaterations remain constant. A surjective mapping permits to map the thus traced curves onto the workspace of the mechanism. The advantages of this two-step method are exemplified by tracing the coupler curves of a double butterfly linkage, curves that can reach order 48.
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McWherter, David, Mitchell Peabody, William C. Regli, and Ali Shokoufandeh. "Transformation Invariant Shape Similarity Comparison of Solid Models." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dfm-21191.
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Abstract This paper presents two complementary approaches to comparing the shape and topology of solid models. First, we develop a mapping of solid models to Model Signature Graphs (MSGs) — labeled, undirected graphs that abstract the boundary representation of the model and capture relevant shape and engineering attributes. Model Signature Graphs are then used to define metric spaces over arbitrary sets of solid models. This paper introduces two such metric spaces: first, a mapping of MSGs to a high-dimension vector space where euclidean distance measures are applied; second, a distance computation performed between graph spectra constructed from MSGs using spectral graph theoretic techniques. In practice, exact computation of the edit distance between model signature graphs is believed to be an NP-hard problem. We show that properties of the design signature graph’s spectra, derived from the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix, can be used as a efficient and tractable approximation of the edit distance. Lastly, we provide empirical results using real test data from the National Design Repository (http://www.designrepository.org) to validate our approach. We argue comparisons among solid models in these metric space are immune to problems caused by inexactness and ambiguity arising from basic modeling transformations (scale, translation, rotation, sheer, etc.). It is our belief that this work contributes to a growing body of techniques for comparing models and indexing CAD media types in database systems.
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Kerdoncuff, Tanguy, Rémi Emonet, and Marc Sebban. "Metric Learning in Optimal Transport for Domain Adaptation." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/299.
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Domain Adaptation aims at benefiting from a labeled dataset drawn from a source distribution to learn a model from examples generated from a different but related target distribution. Creating a domain-invariant representation between the two source and target domains is the most widely technique used. A simple and robust way to perform this task consists in (i) representing the two domains by subspaces described by their respective eigenvectors and (ii) seeking a mapping function which aligns them. In this paper, we propose to use Optimal Transport (OT) and its associated Wassertein distance to perform this alignment. While the idea of using OT in domain adaptation is not new, the original contribution of this paper is two-fold: (i) we derive a generalization bound on the target error involving several Wassertein distances. This prompts us to optimize the ground metric of OT to reduce the target risk; (ii) from this theoretical analysis, we design an algorithm (MLOT) which optimizes a Mahalanobis distance leading to a transportation plan that adapts better. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this original approach.
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Fu, Katherine, Joel Chan, Jonathan Cagan, Kenneth Kotovsky, Christian Schunn, and Kristin Wood. "The Meaning of “Near” and “Far”: The Impact of Structuring Design Databases and the Effect of Distance of Analogy on Design Output." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70420.
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This work lends insight into the meaning and impact of “near” and “far” analogies. A cognitive engineering design study is presented that examines the effect of the distance of analogical design stimuli on design solution generation, and places those findings in context of results from the literature. The work ultimately sheds new light on the impact of analogies in the design process and the significance of their distance from a design problem. In this work, the design repository from which analogical stimuli are chosen is the U.S. patent database, a natural choice, as it is one of the largest and easily accessed catalogued databases of inventions. The “near” and “far” analogical stimuli for this study were chosen based on a structure of patents, created using a combination of Latent Semantic Analysis and a Bayesian based algorithm for discovering structural form, resulting in clusters of patents connected by their relative similarity. The findings of this engineering design study are contextualized with the findings of recent work in design by analogy, by mapping the analogical stimuli used in the earlier work into similar structures along with the patents used in the current study. Doing so allows the discovery of a relationship between all of the stimuli and their relative distance from the design problem. The results confirm that “near” and “far” are relative terms, and depend on the characteristics of the potential stimuli. Further, although the literature has shown that “far” analogical stimuli are more likely to lead to the generation innovative solutions with novel characteristics, there is such a thing as too far. That is, if the stimuli are too distant, they then can become harmful to the design process. Importantly, as well, the data mapping approach to identify analogies works, and is able to impact the effectiveness of the design process. This work has implications not only in the area of finding inspirational designs to use for design by analogy processes in practice, but also for synthesis, or perhaps even unification, of future studies in the field of design by analogy.
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He, Qile, and Yu Sun. "An Optimized Cleaning Robot Path Generation and Execution System using Cellular Representation of Workspace." In 10th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Information Technology (ACITY 2020). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2020.101502.
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Many robot applications depend on solving the Complete Coverage Path Problem (CCPP). Specifically, robot vacuum cleaners have seen increased use in recent years, and some models offer room mapping capability using sensors such as LiDAR. With the addition of room mapping, applied robotic cleaning has begun to transition from random walk and heuristic path planning into an environment-aware approach. In this paper, a novel solution for pathfinding and navigation of indoor robot cleaners is proposed. The proposed solution plans a path from a priori cellular decomposition of the work environment. The planned path achieves complete coverage on the map and reduces duplicate coverage. The solution is implemented inside the ROS framework, and is validated with Gazebo simulation. Metrics to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm seek to evaluate the efficiency by speed, duplicate coverage and distance travelled.
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Jiang, Long, Shikui Chen, and Xianfeng David Gu. "Generative Design of Multi-Material Hierarchical Structures via Concurrent Topology Optimization and Conformal Geometry Method." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97617.
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Abstract Topology optimization has been proved to be an automatic, efficient and powerful tool for structural designs. In recent years, the focus of structural topology optimization has evolved from mono-scale, single material structural designs to hierarchical multimaterial structural designs. In this research, the multi-material structural design is carried out in a concurrent parametric level set framework so that the structural topologies in the macroscale and the corresponding material properties in mesoscale can be optimized simultaneously. The constructed cardinal basis function (CBF) is utilized to parameterize the level set function. With CBF, the upper and lower bounds of the design variables can be identified explicitly, compared with the trial and error approach when the radial basis function (RBF) is used. In the macroscale, the ‘color’ level set is employed to model the multiple material phases, where different materials are represented using combined level set functions like mixing colors from primary colors. At the end of this optimization, the optimal material properties for different constructing materials will be identified. By using those optimal values as targets, a second structural topology optimization is carried out to determine the exact mesoscale metamaterial structural layout. In both the macroscale and the mesoscale structural topology optimization, an energy functional is utilized to regularize the level set function to be a distance-regularized level set function, where the level set function is maintained as a signed distance function along the design boundary and kept flat elsewhere. The signed distance slopes can ensure a steady and accurate material property interpolation from the level set model to the physical model. The flat surfaces can make it easier for the level set function to penetrate its zero level to create new holes. After obtaining both the macroscale structural layouts and the mesoscale metamaterial layouts, the hierarchical multimaterial structure is finalized via a local-shape-preserving conformal mapping to preserve the designed material properties. Unlike the conventional conformal mapping using the Ricci flow method where only four control points are utilized, in this research, a multi-control-point conformal mapping is utilized to be more flexible and adaptive in handling complex geometries. The conformally mapped multi-material hierarchical structure models can be directly used for additive manufacturing, concluding the entire process of designing, mapping, and manufacturing.
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Thiel, Michael, Haifeng Wang, Dzevat Omeragic, Jean-Michel Denichou, and Barry Goodin. "SIDE FAULT MAPPING ENABLED BY 2D TRANSVERSE INVERSION ON NEW DEEP DIRECTIONAL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0019.
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Faulting is one type of structural trap for hydrocarbon reservoirs. With more and more fields moving toward the brownfield or mature operations stage of life, the opportunity to target bypassed or attic oil in the vicinity of bounding fault(s) is becoming more and more attractive to operators. However, without an effective logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool to locate and map a fault parallel to the well trajectory, it has been challenging and potentially high risk to optimally place a well to drain oil reserves near the fault. Operators often plan these horizontal wells at a significant distance away from the mapped fault position to avoid impacts to the well construction and production of the well. Often, the interpreted fault position, based on seismic data, can have significant lateral uncertainty, and uncertainties attached to standard well survey measurements make it challenging to place the well near the fault. This often results in the wells being placed much farther from the fault than expected, which is not optimal for maximizing recovery. In other cases, due to uncertainty in the location of the fault, the wells would accidentally penetrate the side faults and cause drilling and other issues. Conventional remote boundary detection LWD tools do not assist with locating the fault position, as they only detect formation boundaries above or below the trajectory and not to the side. In this paper, the authors propose a novel approach for mapping features like a fault parallel to the well trajectory, which was previously impossible to map accurately. This new approach utilizes a new class of deep directional resistivity measurements acquired by a reservoir mapping-while-drilling tool. The deep directional resistivity measurements are input to a newly devised inversion algorithm, resulting in high-resolution reservoir mapping on the transverse plane, which is perpendicular to the well path. These new measurements have a strong sensitivity to resistivity in contrast to the sides of the wellbore, making them suitable for side fault detection. The new inversion in the transverse plane is not limited to detecting a side fault; it can also map any feature on the transverse plane to the well path, which further broadens the application of this technology. Using the deep directional resistivity data acquired from a horizontal ultra-ERD well recently drilled in the Wandoo Field offshore Western Australia, the authors tested this approach against the well results and existing control wells. Excellent mapping of the main side fault up to 30 m to the side of the well was achieved with the new approach. Furthermore, the inversion reveals other interesting features like lateral formation thickness variations and the casing of a nearby well. In addition, the methodology of utilizing this new approach for guiding geosteering parallel to side fault in real time is elaborated, and the future applications are discussed.
Reports on the topic "Distance mapping approach"
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Yoon, Byung. Narrowing the Cognitive Distance Between Engineers and Customers: A Novel Approach, Based on Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping. Portland State University Library, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7285.
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Sinclair, Samantha, and Sandra LeGrand. Reproducibility assessment and uncertainty quantification in subjective dust source mapping. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41523.
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Accurate dust-source characterizations are critical for effectively modeling dust storms. A previous study developed an approach to manually map dust plume-head point sources in a geographic information system (GIS) framework using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery processed through dust-enhancement algorithms. With this technique, the location of a dust source is digitized and recorded if an analyst observes an unobscured plume head in the imagery. Because airborne dust must be sufficiently elevated for overland dust-enhancement algorithms to work, this technique may include up to 10 km in digitized dust-source location error due to downwind advection. However, the potential for error in this method due to analyst subjectivity has never been formally quantified. In this study, we evaluate a version of the methodology adapted to better enable reproducibility assessments amongst multiple analysts to determine the role of analyst subjectivity on recorded dust source location error. Four analysts individually mapped dust plumes in Southwest Asia and Northwest Africa using five years of MODIS imagery collected from 15 May to 31 August. A plume-source location is considered reproducible if the maximum distance between the analyst point-source markers for a single plume is ≤10 km. Results suggest analyst marker placement is reproducible; however, additional analyst subjectivity-induced error (7 km determined in this study) should be considered to fully characterize locational uncertainty. Additionally, most of the identified plume heads (> 90%) were not marked by all participating analysts, which indicates dust source maps generated using this technique may differ substantially between users.
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Sinclair, Samantha, and Sandra LeGrand. Reproducibility assessment and uncertainty quantification in subjective dust source mapping. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41542.
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Accurate dust-source characterizations are critical for effectively modeling dust storms. A previous study developed an approach to manually map dust plume-head point sources in a geographic information system (GIS) framework using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery processed through dust-enhancement algorithms. With this technique, the location of a dust source is digitized and recorded if an analyst observes an unobscured plume head in the imagery. Because airborne dust must be sufficiently elevated for overland dust-enhancement algorithms to work, this technique may include up to 10 km in digitized dust-source location error due to downwind advection. However, the potential for error in this method due to analyst subjectivity has never been formally quantified. In this study, we evaluate a version of the methodology adapted to better enable reproducibility assessments amongst multiple analysts to determine the role of analyst subjectivity on recorded dust source location error. Four analysts individually mapped dust plumes in Southwest Asia and Northwest Africa using five years of MODIS imagery collected from 15 May to 31 August. A plume-source location is considered reproducible if the maximum distance between the analyst point-source markers for a single plume is ≤10 km. Results suggest analyst marker placement is reproducible; however, additional analyst subjectivity-induced error (7 km determined in this study) should be considered to fully characterize locational uncertainty. Additionally, most of the identified plume heads (> 90%) were not marked by all participating analysts, which indicates dust source maps generated using this technique may differ substantially between users.
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Medrano, Juan, Adam Friedmann, Moshe (Morris) Soller, Ehud Lipkin, and Abraham Korol. High resolution linkage disequilibrium mapping of QTL affecting milk production traits in Israel Holstein dairy cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696509.bard.
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Original objectives: To create BAC contigs covering two QTL containing chromosomal regions (QTLR) and obtain BAC end sequence information as a platform for SNP identification. Use the SNPs to search for marker-QTL linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the test populations (US and Israel Holstein cattle). Identify candidate genes, test for association with dairy cattle production and functional traits, and confirm any associations in a secondary test population. Revisions in the course of the project: The selective recombinant genotyping (SRG) methodology which we implemented to provide moderate resolution QTL mapping turned out to be less effective than expected, due to problems introduced by incomplete marker informativity. This required a no-cost one-year extension of the project. Aside from this, the project was implemented essentially as envisaged, but only with respect to a single QTLR and single population association-test. Background to the topic. Dairy cattle breeders are looking to marker-assisted selection (MAS) as a means of identifying genetically superior sires and dams. MAS based on population-wide LD can be many times more effective than MAS based on within-family linkage mapping. In this proposal we developed a protocol leading from family based QTL mapping to population-wide LD between markers and the QTL Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. The critical importance of marker informativity for application of the SRG design in outcrossing random mating populations was identified, and an alternative Fractioned Pool Design (FPD) based on selective DNA pooling was developed. We demonstrated the feasibility of constructing a BAC contig across a targeted chromosomal region flanking the marker RM188 on bovine chromosome BTA4, which was shown in previous work to contain a QTL affecting milk production traits. BAC end sequences were obtained and successfully screened for SNPs. LD studies of these SNPs in the Israel population, and of an independent set of SNPs taken across the entire proximal region of BTA4 in the USA population, showed a much lower degree of LD than previously reported in the literature. Only at distances in the sub-cM level did an appreciable fraction of SNP marker-pairs show levels of LD useful for MAS. In contrast, studies in the Israel population using microsatellite markers, presented an equivalent degree of LD at a 1-5 separation distance. SNP LD appeared to reflect historical population size of Bostaurus (Ne=5000- 10,000), while microsatellite LD appeared to be in proportion to more recent effective population size of the Holstein breed (Ne=50-100). An appreciable fraction of the observed LD was due to Family admixture structure of the Holstein population. The SNPs MEOX2/IF2G (found within the gene SETMAR at 23,000 bp from RM188) and SNP23 were significantly associated with PTA protein, Cheese dollars and Net Merit Protein in the Davis bull resource population, and were also associated with protein and casein percentages in the Davis cow resource population. Implications. These studies document a major difference in degree of LD presented by SNPs as compared to microsatellites, and raise questions as to the source of this difference and its implications for QTL mapping and MAS. The study lends significant support to the targeted approach to fine map a previously identified QTL. Using high density genotyping with SNP discovered in flanking genes to the QTL, we have identified important markers associated with milk protein percentage that can be tested in markers assisted selection programs.
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Greinert, Jens. Mine Monitoring in the German Baltic Sea 2020; Dumped munition monitoring AL548, 03rd – 16th November 2020, Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany) „MineMoni-II 2020“. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al548.
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ALKOR cruise AL548 took place as part of the EMFF (European Maritime and Fisheries Fund)-funded project BASTA (Boost Applied munition detection through Smart data inTegration and AI workflows; https://www.basta-munition.eu) and as continuation of the munition monitoring started within the BMBF-funded project UDEMM (Environmental Monitoring for the Delaboration of Munition in the Sea; https://udemm.geomar.de/). In October 2018, a first cruise (POS530 MineMoni2018) was conducted, to gather data for a broad baseline study in the German Baltic Sea. Results show a moderate contamination level on regional and coastal scale, but indicate higher levels for specific local areas. Within UDEMM, expertise was developed to detect, exactly locate and monitor munition (e.g. torpedoes, sea mines, ground mines) on the seafloor using optical and hydroacoustic means. In addition, chemical analyses of dissolved contaminants in the water and sediments was performed. Data acquired during this cruise are used in BASTA, which aims for enhanced munition detection via AUV-based artificial intelligence applied on multi-sensor datasets. At the same time, the project ExPloTect (Ex-situ, near-real-time exPlosive compound deTection in seawater) (also EMFF-funded) addresses the need for an innovative approach to detect explosive compounds in seawater. A prototype system was used and successfully tested for the first time during this cruise. The main focus was placed onto the two already known dumpsites Kolberger Heide and Lübeck Bight. Additionally, new areas Falshöft (Schleswig-Holstein) and Cadet Channel, Trollegrund and Großklützhöved (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) were explored. In each area high-resolution multibeam mapping was performed and contact lists, indicating potential munition objects were produced on board. AUV surveys were conducted to ground-truth possible contacts via detailed photograph and magnetometer mapping. This was complemented with towed video (TV)-CTD profiles. The transits to and between those sites were planned along former constraint routes during WWII. These routes were main targets of the British Air Force and mines and bombs can be expected along these ways. During transits water samples were taken with on a CTD- (conductivity, temperature, depth) rosette-mounted Niskin bottles in regular distances, in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding munition compounds (inter alia trinitrotoluene (TNT)) measurements across the German Baltic Sea.
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Gur, Amit, Edward Buckler, Joseph Burger, Yaakov Tadmor, and Iftach Klapp. Characterization of genetic variation and yield heterosis in Cucumis melo. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7600047.bard.
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Project objectives: 1) Characterization of variation for yield heterosis in melon using Half-Diallele (HDA) design. 2) Development and implementation of image-based yield phenotyping in melon. 3) Characterization of genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional variation across 25 founder lines and selected hybrids. The epigentic part of this objective was modified during the course of the project: instead of characterization of chromatin structure in a single melon line through genome-wide mapping of nucleosomes using MNase-seq approach, we took advantage of rapid advancements in single-molecule sequencing and shifted the focus to Nanoporelong-read sequencing of all 25 founder lines. This analysis provides invaluable information on genome-wide structural variation across our diversity 4) Integrated analyses and development of prediction models Agricultural heterosis relates to hybrids that outperform their inbred parents for yield. First generation (F1) hybrids are produced in many crop species and it is estimated that heterosis increases yield by 15-30% globally. Melon (Cucumismelo) is an economically important species of The Cucurbitaceae family and is among the most important fleshy fruits for fresh consumption Worldwide. The major goal of this project was to explore the patterns and magnitude of yield heterosis in melon and link it to whole genome sequence variation. A core subset of 25 diverse lines was selected from the Newe-Yaar melon diversity panel for whole-genome re-sequencing (WGS) and test-crosses, to produce structured half-diallele design of 300 F1 hybrids (MelHDA25). Yield variation was measured in replicated yield trials at the whole-plant and at the rootstock levels (through a common-scion grafted experiments), across the F1s and parental lines. As part of this project we also developed an algorithmic pipeline for detection and yield estimation of melons from aerial-images, towards future implementation of such high throughput, cost-effective method for remote yield evaluation in open-field melons. We found extensive, highly heritable root-derived yield variation across the diallele population that was characterized by prominent best-parent heterosis (BPH), where hybrids rootstocks outperformed their parents by 38% and 56 % under optimal irrigation and drought- stress, respectively. Through integration of the genotypic data (~4,000,000 SNPs) and yield analyses we show that root-derived hybrids yield is independent of parental genetic distance. However, we mapped novel root-derived yield QTLs through genome-wide association (GWA) analysis and a multi-QTLs model explained more than 45% of the hybrids yield variation, providing a potential route for marker-assisted hybrid rootstock breeding. Four selected hybrid rootstocks are further studied under multiple scion varieties and their validated positive effect on yield performance is now leading to ongoing evaluation of their commercial potential. On the genomic level, this project resulted in 3 layers of data: 1) whole-genome short-read Illumina sequencing (30X) of the 25 founder lines provided us with 25 genome alignments and high-density melon HapMap that is already shown to be an effective resource for QTL annotation and candidate gene analysis in melon. 2) fast advancements in long-read single-molecule sequencing allowed us to shift focus towards this technology and generate ~50X Nanoporesequencing of the 25 founders which in combination with the short-read data now enable de novo assembly of the 25 genomes that will soon lead to construction of the first melon pan-genome. 3) Transcriptomic (3' RNA-Seq) analysis of several selected hybrids and their parents provide preliminary information on differentially expressed genes that can be further used to explain the root-derived yield variation. Taken together, this project expanded our view on yield heterosis in melon with novel specific insights on root-derived yield heterosis. To our knowledge, thus far this is the largest systematic genetic analysis of rootstock effects on yield heterosis in cucurbits or any other crop plant, and our results are now translated into potential breeding applications. The genomic resources that were developed as part of this project are putting melon in the forefront of genomic research and will continue to be useful tool for the cucurbits community in years to come.